World War One

1914-1918

Causes of WW1

• #1= Imperialism

• The European countries (bullies) have run out of victims by 1914. So, the bullies turn on each other.

• Ex: Is it fair that Germany, Italy have less colonies? They became countries in 1870s.

Causes ctd.

• Cause #2= Nationalism

• It is extreme pride in your country. Most European people thought their own country was the best.

• Countries will not back down to prevent WW1 when they had the chance.

• Would you back down if you believed your country was superior and would win a war?

Causes ctd.

• Cause #3= Militarism

• Most European leaders knew it was just a matter of time until a big war happens. As a result, European leaders started rapidly building up their militaries= militarism.

• Ex: build up navy, stockpiling guns + ammo.• Are you more or less likely to go to war if you

have the weapons compared with if you don’t?

Causes ctd.

• Cause #4= Secret Alliance Systems

• War was likely, so doesn’t it make sense that you have some friends on your side rather than be by yourself.

• In the late 1800s, 2 secret alliances were created. If a member of the alliance is attacked, then the other members come to their aid.

Alliance #1

• Triple Alliance:

• Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary Empire• Will be called “The Central Powers” once

WW1 starts.

Alliance #2

• Triple Entente:

• France, Great Britain, and Russia• They will be called “The Allies” when WW1

starts.

World War One Alliance Systems

What about the United States?

• The U.S. had an “isolationist” foreign policy, since it became a country in 1776.

• This means the U.S. never made any prewar alliances or get involved in any European wars.

• Does the U.S. have an isolationist foreign policy today?

Last cause

• The 4 causes (long term) so far were ingredients that were causing a lot of tension in Europe. All it would take would be a spark.

• Cause #5 (short term)= the assassination of Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand.

• Who was he? The next emperor of the Austria-Hungary Empire.

• Who killed him?• Gavrilo Princip from the “Black Hand” terrorist group from

Serbia.

The Death of Franz Ferdinand

• In your notes, you will write a few sentences describing the attack.

• Watch assassination you tube video (5 minutes)

Type 2 (Dec. 9)

• Define 3 of the following words:1. Imperialism

2. Bourgeoisie 3. Industrialization4. Bias5. Laissez-faire

How did Emperor Joseph respond?

• After 3 weeks, the Austrians sent an ultimatum (list of demands) to the Serbian government.

• The Serbian government was being blamed for the attack because the “black hand” was from there.

• If Serbia didn’t accept all the demands, then it would result in war between Austria and Serbia.

Problem for Austria

• If Austria had to go to war with Serbia, they knew Serbia’s best friend was Russia.

• Austria would lose that war.• Austria sent a diplomat to their best friend

(Germany) and got a “blank check.”• Blank check= Germany promised to help

Austria no matter if Austria was the victim or the aggressor.

How did Serbia respond?

• The Serbian government accepted all the demands except for one.

WAR starts Aug. 4, 1914!!!

• Austria declares war on Serbia.• Serbia and Russia declare war back• Germany and Austria declare war on Russia• Because of the alliances systems• Russia, France, Great Britain, Serbia (Allies)

• versus

• Germany + Austria-Hungary (The Central Powers)

• Watch 4 minute “back in the day” WW1 video

Type 2 collin’s writing

• 1. A. List 2 causes of World War One• B. Explain how each of your causes led to

World War One.

Germany’s war problem

• A. Two front war– Germany/Austria are surrounded. Problem?

B. Allies have more countries, soldiers, resources

C. Italy anyone?Watch 2:50 outbreak of WW1 video

Germany master plan

• As a result, Germany know they need to win a quick war, so they create a master plan.

• The plan was called the “Schlieffen plan.” It was Germany’s plan to win a two front war.

• The plan called for Germany to attack France first through Belgium, then turn their attention on Russia after France was defeated.

Schlieffen Plan

Germany attacks first

• The German army fights its way through Belgium and is stopped within 30 miles of Paris, France.

• Both sides soldiers dug down for protection.• The fighting in France will be called the

“Western front” and WW1 will be trench warfare.

What is Trench Warfare?

• Trenches: They were 6 feet deep and soldiers lived in these trenches all year around.

• One side would have thousands of troops climb out of their trenches and charge across no mans land and would die trying to capture the enemy trench. Then, the other side would climb out and charge and die.

• The trenches stretched all the way from the Switzerland (Alps) for hundreds of miles to the English channel.

Trench Warfare

The Western Front

Trench FootYummy lol!

• Watch the 2 minute War Horse clip• Watch 4 minute trench warfare clip

• In your notes, write a couple sentence response describing trench warfare in your own words. Use an example from the movie.

Collin’s Writing #6 (Dec. 15)

• List the countries that belonged to the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente.

• Triple Alliance:• 1.• 2.• 3.• Triple Entente:• 1.• 2.• 3.

WW1 DBQ

• It is a 5 paragraph essay using documents to support it.

• DBQ= Document based question• This is an in class assignment and you will have

3 days to work on it in class.

DBQ Day #1

• You will read the documents. You have the option to work with a partner or independently. You will answer the questions about each document in the packet.

DBQ Day #2

A. Create a thesis statement (watch video)1. It is 1 sentence (last sentence of intro.

Paragraph) that answers your main questionWho and or what caused WW1?

2. Mr. Hays must sign that your thesis statement is ok before you finish the rest of the graphic organizer.

DBQ Day 2 ctd.

• B. Complete graphic organizer

TT

Thesis

T.S.#1T.S. #2

T.S. #3Doc#

Doc#

Doc#

• 1. I recommend choosing 3 causes from your 7 documents

• 2. Your 3 topic sentences need to connect to your thesis statement

• Example:• Thesis: WW1 was caused by the secret alliance systems,

militarism, and the killing of Arch Duke France Ferdinand• T.S. #1 = secret alliance systems• T.S. #2= militarism• T.S. #3= killing of Franz Ferdinand

DBQ Rough Draft

• Paragraph 1 (Intro.)• 1. Introduce the topic of WW1• 2. Last sentence is your thesis statement

• Paragraph 2 (Body #1)• 1. topic sentence one is your first sentence.• 2. Explain how this cause helped to start WW1• 3. Discuss whatever document you chose.

Rough Draft ctd.

• Paragraph 3 (Body#2)• 1. topic sentence two is your first sentence.• 2. Explain how this cause helped to start WW1• 3. Discuss whatever document you chose.

• Paragraph 4 (Body #3)• 1. topic sentence three is your first sentence.• 2. Explain how this cause helped to start WW1• 3. Discuss whatever document you chose.

Rough draft concluded!• Paragraph 5 (conclusion)• 1. Many people restate their thesis statement as their first

sentence.• 2. Summarize your main points that you discussed in your paper.• 3. Find a creative way to end it

• Homework: Have your 5 paragraph rough draft completed by class on Tuesday. I will give you 10-15 minutes to peer review a classmates paper.

• The DBQ is due at the beginning of class on Wednesday.

Peer Editing (Part 4)

• You will exchange papers with a classmate and peer edit each others paper

• What to look for?• 1. Fix any grammar/spelling errors• 2. Is the paper 5 paragraphs?• 3. Are the 5 paragraphs 5 sentences long?• 4. Does the intro. Grab your attention?• 5. Do the topic sentences connect to the thesis statement.• 6. In paragraphs 2, 3,4, is there 3 different documents

being explained?

Type 2 collin’s writing #7

• 1. Describe the style of fighting during World War One.

WW1 1914-1916

• During the 1st 3 years of the war, the only tactic by generals was to have soldiers attack the enemy machine guns.

• The result?• Barely any land was gained by either side and

millions of soldiers died.

The Solution?

• Both the Allies (Triple Entente) and the Central Powers (Triple Alliance) bribed other countries into joining their side.

• Allies: Italy, Romania, Japan, Portugal, Brazil, Albania, Montenegro, Greece

• Central Powers: Ottoman Empire + Bulgaria

The Result

• Even with the addition of all these countries to both sides, the war remained a stalemate (tie).

WW1 situation game

• When WW1 started, the United States was neutral. The majority of Americans didn’t want anything to do with the war.

• You will pretend that you are President Woodrow Wilsons advisors.

Situation 1

• War broke out in Europe between two great alliance systems, called Alliance A&B. The issue under dispute has nothing to do with the US. Both A&B want to buy American goods. What should the US do?

• Your response?

Situation 2

• Alliance A attacks and quickly defeats a small neutral nation. Gruesome stories appear in American papers about the attacks committed by Alliance A against the people of the defeated country. What should the US do?

• Your response?

Situation 3

• Alliance B stops US ships and confiscates goods purchased by Alliance A. Formal complaints by the US to Alliance B are ignored. What should the US do?

• Your response?

Situation 4

• Alliance B blockades the ports of Alliance A, which in desperation uses submarines to attack all ships sailing to and from the ports of Alliance B. Neutral US ships, which are protected by international laws, are sunk by the submarines. What should the US do?

• Your response?

Situation 5

• A submarine of Alliance A sinks a luxury liner belonging to Alliance B. Over one thousand people drown, including one hundred vacationing Americans. Alliance A boasts about its actions. What should the US do?

• Your response?

Situation 6

• Alliance A promises to stop sinking liners without warning them and providing safety for passengers. Alliance A soon disregards the promise and resumes unrestricted submarine warfare on neutral American ships. What should the US do?

• Your response?

Situation 7

• America learns that Alliance A has asked Mexico, in the event America enters the war, to aid in an attack against the US. In return, Mexico will be given back the parts of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona that were originally theirs. What should the US do?

• Your response?

WW1 (1917)

• The U.S. finally joins WW1 in 1917 and break their neutrality.

• What pushes the American public into finally wanting to join WW1?

Cause #1

• 1. Germany is doing unrestricted submarine warfare.

• Germany was running out of supplies because the British had blockaded Germany’s ports.

• In response, Germany has its u-boat fleet surround Great Britain and they sink all ships that come to close to Britain, which included American ships.

Cause #2

• 2. A German u-boat sinks a British ocean liner called the Lusitania off the coast of Ireland.

• About a thousand people died and this included 100 Americans on vacation.

Cause #3

• 3. The “Zimmerman telegram”

• A British agent intercepts a telegram that was sent from Germany to Mexico.

• Germany wanted Mexico to attack the U.S. if they joined WW1.

• This letter was published on the front page of every American newspaper!

Propaganda

• What does propaganda mean?

– Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause

How did governments spread propaganda during WW1?

-through newspapers, magazines, etc.

Student Path Survey

1. Grab your assigned computer and login.2. Go to www.mystudentpath.com and

register.A. Make your login and password the same as your

computer login and password.3. Follow the prompts and complete the survey.

Christmas Break Review• 1. What were the 4 long term causes of WW1?• 2. What was the short term cause of WW1?• 3. What was the name of the terrorist group that killed the arch

duke?• 4. What countries belonged to the Triple Alliance and the Triple

Entente?• 5. What was the Schlieffen Plan?• 6. Describe the style of warfare that took place during WW1?• 7. What were two reasons why the U.S. joined WW1?• 8. What were two new WW1 technologies?• 9. Define propaganda? What was the typical method for

governments to spread propaganda during WW1?

1917 2nd Key Event

• 1. U.S. joins war in 1917• 2. In 1917, Russia quits the war even though

all the Allies promised to fight to the bitter end.

On the next slide look at the map, how does Russia quitting benefit Germany?

The German Plan

• Germany was desperate to get a major country out of the war because they were running out of men/supplies.

• A Russian man named Vladimir Lenin (believed in Communism) had been kicked out of Russia before WW1.

• The Germans planned to return Lenin from Switzerland to Russia

The Plan ctd.

• Once Lenin returned to Russia, the hope was that Lenin would cause chaos with his radical ideas and somehow get Russia to quit the war.

• The current Russian government was lead by Tsar Nicholas II and he was very unpopular. Why?

• 1. Russia was losing the most troops.• 2. Food prices were going up

Russian Leaders

tsar Nicholas II Vladimir Lenin

The Russian Revolution

• The German plan worked! By October 1917, the Russian monarchy was overthrown and Lenin was in charge.

• Why is this important?• 1. Russia quits WW1, which results in Germany’s

troops fighting Russia to head west to the western front and the Central powers almost win WW1.

• 2. Russia becomes the first Communist country and now they are called “the Soviet Union.”

Type 2 collin’s writing #8

• Dec. 12, 2015

• Explain 1 similarity and 1 difference between an absolute monarchy and a constitutional monarchy?

Collin’s writing #9

• Type 2 (Dec. 12)

• 1. Explain 2 motives of imperialism?

Pick em Review game

Goal: To get the most points.

1. For each question on the review sheet, a student will get to challenge another student in the class. Mr. Hays will then pick an random question from the review sheet.

Ex: If student A gets a question right, they get 1 point. If student B gets a question right who was challenged, they get 2 points. If a student gets challenged and misses 2 questions, then you are out of the game.

Last WW1 notes!

1918: WW1 ends Nov. 11 at 11am, since that is when the armistice was signed.

Why the war ends?The U.S. joins the war with millions of fresh troops and limitless weapons/resources.

The Central Powers

• These 4 countries were exhausted and out of young men, resources, food. So, one by one each country surrenders.

• Bulgaria: Sept. 29, 1918• Ottoman Empire: Oct. 30, 1918• Austria-Hungary Empire: Nov. 3, 1918• Germany: Nov. 11, 1918

WW1 Casualties

• Which country had the most casualties?• What about the United States?

• http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWdeaths.htm

Wilson’s 14 points

• President Woodrow Wilson (U.S.) creates a list of 14 things he wants to see happen at the peace conference that ends WW1.

• President Wilson wanted a fair treaty!

• http://youtu.be/GwKl8PEl-fs

Wilson’s 14 points Activity

• You can either work by yourself or with a partner to answer the following questions.

1. Which of the Fourteen Points do you feel is the most important? Why?2. In what order would you rank the fourteen points, from most important to least important?3. What was Woodrow Wilson trying to accomplish with the Fourteen Points?4. Do the Fourteen Points address the causes of World War I? If yes, which ones?

Versailles Peace Conference

• Woodrow Wilson sails over to France and all the other winning countries show up to agree how the WW1 losers would be punished.

• The losers will be invited only to sign their treaty.

• If they don’t sign the treaty, then WW1 would continue and the losers cities would be burned to ground.

Versailles ctd.

• Bulgaria: Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine• Ottoman Empire: Treaty of Sèvres• Austria-Hungary Empire: Treaty of Saint-

Germain-en-Laye• Germany: Treaty of Versailles

Treaty of Versailles

• The peace conference lasted about 6 months.• Major provisions (punishments in T.O.V.)

• 1. Germany had to accept blame for starting WW1 (guilt clause)

• 2. Germany had to pay for the entire cost of WW1.• 3. Germany lost land plus all their colonies.• 4. Germany couldn’t have any new technology.• 5. The German navy was turned over to the Allies• 6. Germany’s army was limited to 100,000 men.

• The Treaty of Versailles was the most unfair treaty in history.

• Did Woodrow Wilson get what he wanted?

• What happens if you punish a country too severely?

The League of Nations

• Woodrow Wilson got one of his ideas included in the T.O.V.

• Most countries in the world will join the League of Nations.

• What is the point of the league?• -To keep peace and to prevent future major

wars

League of Nations members• Write down 5 important members in notes.• Membership• Original Members of the League of Nations - January 10, 1920• ARGENTINA, AUSTRALIA, BELGIUM, BOLIVIA, BRAZIL, CANADA, CHILE, CHINA,

COLOMBIA, CUBA, CZECHOSLOVAKIA, DENMARK, EL SALVADOR, FRANCE, GREECE, GUATEMALA, HAITI, HONDURAS, INDIA, ITALY, JAPAN, LIBERIA, NETHERLANDS, NEW ZEALAND, NICARAGUA, NORWAY, PANAMA, PARAGUAY, PERSIA, PERU POLAND, PORTUGAL, RUMANIA, SIAM, SPAIN, SWEDEN, SWITZERLAND, SOUTH AFRICA, UNITED KINGDOM, URUGUAY VENEZUELA, YUGOSLAVIA1920ALBANIA, AUSTRIA, BULGARIA, COSTA RICA, FINLAND, LUXEMBOURG are admitted to the League1921ESTONIA, LATVIA, LITHUANIA are admitted to the League1922HUNGARY is admitted to the League1923ETHIOPIA, IRELAND are admitted to the League1924DOMINICAN REPUBLIC is admitted to the League1925COSTA RICA withdraws from the League1926GERMANY is admitted to the League

• BRAZIL withdraws from the League1931MEXICO is admitted to the League1932IRAQ, TURKEY are admitted to the League

League of Nations ctd.

• Is there an important country missing???

• The United States didn’t join even though it was President Wilsons idea.

• He will have a heart attack and die trying to get Congress to agree to it.

1. Why didn’t we join it?2. What was the U.S. foreign policy?3. Why does it matter that the U.S. didn’t join it?

Answers

• 1. We didn’t want to be dragged into future wars.

• 2. isolationist foreign policy• 3. The league will be weaker and less effective

because a major country like the U.S. didn’t join the League.

*Watch WW1 ends you tube video

Collin’s writing (Jan. 23)

• 1. Why did the Senate not ratify the U.S. joining the League of Nations?

• 2. What happened to President Wilson when he returned from France and he was campaigning to try and get the U.S. to join the League?