WSNs & RFID Integration

8/7/2019 WSNs & RFID Integration

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NON CONVENTIONALWSNs:

EMPOWERINGUBIQUITOUS COMPUTING

Sagar Sharma

B.Tech ECE (3rd Year)03/12/11 1ZEALICON-2011


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QUOTE OF THE DAY

The most profound technologies are those

that disappear. They weave themselves

into the fabric of everyday life until they

are indistinguishable from it.

- The late Mark Weiser, Father of Ubiquitous Computing

and Chief Technologist of Xerox PARC

03/12/1103/12/11 ZEALICON-2011ZEALICON-2011 22


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UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING

More formally Ubiquitous computing is

defined as computing of machines (in a

very crude sense) that fit in the humansurroundings instead of forcing humans

to enter theirs

In short object to object communication instead

of machine to machine

03/12/1103/12/11 33ZEALICON-2011ZEALICON-2011


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03/12/1103/12/11 ZEALICON-2011ZEALICON-2011

In this extreamly wide domain of

Ubiquitouscomputing my work is focussed

on the development of WISP systems

OBJECTIVE

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What are sensor

networks WSNs: Spatially distributed sensors nodes to monitor

conditions at different locations, such as temperature, sound,

vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants and that can be

deployed on the ground,in the air,inside the building OR evenstrain which can be used for Bridge monitoring in India.

>The system operates for months or even years in an

autonomous fashion

>The sensor nodes comprises of sensing (measuring), computing

and communication elements.

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WSNs

WSN: A link between the sensory world and the digital world

Earliest: In 1994 DARPA funded research on Low PowerWireless Integrated Microsensor

In 2003, Technology Review from MIT, listed WSN on the top,among 10 emerging technologies that would impact our future

It is 2011, and a lot work has been done in this area but still a

long way to go

And the presentation is still very relevent



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Applications of WSN

Temperature

Humidity

Vehicular movement Pressure

Noise levels

Mechanical stress levels on attached objects

Speed, direction

Etc

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03/12/1103/12/11 99WSN Workshop

Base

Station

InternetCloud

Sensor Nodes

Aggregator

A Typical Architecture

Information

Processing

Center

ZEALICON-2011ZEALICON-2011


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What is RFID?What is RFID?

RFID is a technology that uses radio-

frequency waves to transfer data between

a reader and a movable item to identify,categorize, track objects

RFID is fast, reliable, and does not require

physical sight or contact betweenreader/scanner and the tagged item

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03/12/1103/12/11


(Block Diagram)(Block Diagram)

PASSIVE OR ACTIVE

Tag

Insert

AntennaReader

Firmware

Customers

MIS

Host

Application

Software API

TCP/IP

Power~

Asset

Asset/Tag

RFIDRFID

1111


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03/12/1103/12/11


RESPONSES

COMMANDS

Tag Physical Memory

APPLICATION

RESPONSES

APPLICATION INTERROGATOR RF TAG

APPLICATION

COMMANDS Command /Response

Unit

PHYSICAL

INTERROGATOR

DATA PROTOCOL

PROCESSOR

ISO/IEC 15961 ISO/IEC 18000

Encoder

Logical Memory

AIR

INTERFACE

ISO/IEC 15962 ISO/IEC 15962Annexes

Logical

Memory

Map

Note: The Logical Memory Map in the

Tag Physical Memory is given by theTag architecture and the mapping rules

in the Tag Driver. All the information in

the Logical Memory is represented in

the Logical Memory Map

Decoder

Tag

Driverand

Mapping

Rules

Applicatio

nProgram

Interfa

ce

Applicatio

n

Program

Interfa

ce

DEVICE

COMMANDS

DEVICE

RESPONSES

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COMPONENTS OF RFIDCOMPONENTS OF RFID

Interrogator ( Antenna + Reader ) : Interrogator are used to read the

tags & in certain cases even remotely writes to the tag.

Middleware: Middleware is the needed interface between the existing

company databases & information management software.

Middleware provides a range of functions:

-Data filtering COMPONENTS OF RFID

-System monitoring

-Multiple reader co-ordination.

Business application software: used to manage the collected data.



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Comparing WSNs & RFID

WSNs RFID Systems

Purpose Sensing the parameters inenvironment

Detect presence & location

Components Sensor nodes,Relay

nodes,& Sinks

Tags and Readers

Protocols Zigbee ,Wi-Fi RFID EPC

Communication Multi hop Single hop

Mobility Usually Static Tags move with objects

Programmibility Programable Usually not

Price Medium Reader expensive,Tagsare very cheap

Deployment Random Fixed 1414


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Motivation: Wireless Sensing

RFID Sensor Applications

Sensor-enhanced RFID tags exist,then what is the problem?

Blood plasma

Chemicals Frozen & RefrigeratedFood


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Motivation: Wireless Sensing Problem: No visibility

during transport

No RFID Coverage

Supplier Shipping Customer

RFID

Reader

Tagged

Goods

RFID

Reader

Tagged

Goods


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TAGSActive Passive Ideal

Power Source Battery-powered RF-powered(battery-free)

RF-powered(battery-free)

Physical OperatingRange

Unlimited Requires proximity toRF power source

Unlimited

Lifespan Months to years No fundamental

limitation

No fundamental

limitation

Example

Iris Mote (Berkeley)

Passive RFID Tag +Sensor

No devices

DEVICE COMPARISON


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Our Priority for Work: WISP

Reader proximity

Benefits

UHF RFID Tag PassiveProgrammableOnboard sensors

Problem


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A New Power Model: Wirelessly Charged

Sensors

MOTIVATION

Supplier Shipping Customer

Wirelessly charge via RF power

Battery-free sensor data logging Passive TagsActive Tags

RFID

Wireless

Charge

RFID Wireless

Data DownloadTagged

Goods

No RFID Coverage Tagged

Goods

Data Logging


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How to determine which technology is

best for you by asking yourself threelittle questions: "How far?", "Howfast?, and "How many?

Means a technology should be:

>Efficient than existing ones>Feasible>Durable>Economical

2020


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Why Integrate the two?

To increase the life of node

To increase the range of RFIDreader

In a small range we can even make

WSNs batteryless (RF energy

scavenzing)

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Active areas in WSN

Routing Topology control Data management, aggregation and query MAC protocols Target tracking, resource discovery Monitoring and maintenance

Sensor validation Power issues Coverage and Connectivity

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CASE STUDY

Air Pollution Monitoring

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Futue Prespectives

WISP(WSN+RFID) has a very wide scope as far as

ubiquitous computing is concern,due to the revolution in

materical science(nano technologies),ULSI & storage

devies (like supercapacitors) we will soon see thesensors embedded everyehere near our surroundings.

Current Status: We are working on how to increase the

range of RFID reader or use of any other method to

make WSNs completely battery free using RFID.So thatit can be deployed in any region of our country

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Why to integrate the

two?

To increase the life of node

To increase the range of RFID reader

In a small range(around 8m) we can even make WSNs batteryless(RF

scavenzing)



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CASE STUDY

Air Pollution Monitoring



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References

1.Cedric Florens and Robert McEliece, Packet DistributionAlgorithms for Sensor Networks, IEEE INFOCOM 2003

2.Dr. Jain P.C,Vijaygopalan K.P:Proceedings of ASCNT-2010

3. Bhaskar Krishnamachari, D Estrin, Stephen Wicker, ModelingData-Centric Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

4. Y.Xu, J. Heidemann, and D. Estrin, Geography-informed energyconservation for ad hoc routing using RFID, in Proceedings ofthe Seventh Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference onMobile Computing and Networking, 2001.

5.Samuel Tog:Intel Engineer

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ANY???



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Thank You

For listening

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Documents

WSNs & RFID Integration