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Introduction to WSUD Council Name and Logo

WSUD Introductory Presentation

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Page 1: WSUD Introductory Presentation

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Introduction to WSUD

Council Name and Logo

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Overview

• Introduction to WSUD

• WSUD Principles and Objectives

• WSUD Elements

 – Best Planning Practices

 – Best Management Practices

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Water Sensitive Urban Design

WSUD seeks to ensure that urban development and urban landscapes

are carefully designed, constructed and maintained so as to minimise

the impacts on the urban water cycle – potable water, wastewater, and

stormwater.

• “URBAN DESIGN” 

 – Integrating into the urban

design

 – Enhancing landscape and

habitat features

 – Creating an “Urban

Ecology” 

• “WATER SENSITIVE” 

 – Sustainable solutions for 

managing water resources

 – Protecting aquatic

ecosystems

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Urban Water Cycle

Hoban, A., and Wong, T.H.F., (2006) “WSUD resilience to Climate Change”, 1st international Hydropolis Conference, Perth WA, October 2006.

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Urban Water Cycle

Hoban, A., and Wong, T.H.F., (2006) “WSUD resilience to Climate Change”, 1st international Hydropolis Conference, Perth WA, October 2006.

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Urban Water Cycle

Hoban, A., and Wong, T.H.F., (2006) “WSUD resilience to Climate Change”, 1st international Hydropolis Conference, Perth WA, October 2006.

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Potable Water 

Import ~388,000

kL/yr 

Rainfall 

~450,000 kL/yr  

Wastewater Discharge

to Malabar Ocean

Outfall

~304,000 kL/yr 

Stormwater Runoff 

to Cooks River 

~260,000 kL/yr  

58% 

Infiltration and evapotranspiration

of stormwater ~190,000 kL/yr 42%

78%

Consumed by inhabitants

~4,000 kL/yr 1%

Garden and open space

watering ~80,000 kL/yr  21%

Marrickville Council (2006) Illawarra Road Catchment – Introduction and Landuse,prepared for Marrickville Council by Ecological Engineering, Marrickville Council,

http://www.marrickville.nsw.gov.au/edrawer/GenDocLink.asp?RecId=28205.09 

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Urbanisation results in:

• Increased nutrient concentrations and plant growth

• increased sediment loads and turbidity, reduced light and photosynthesis

and smothering of aquatic habitats

• Increased contaminants and toxics (heavy metals, hydrocarbons and

pesticides)

• Increased litter and debris which impact on the aesthetic and beneficial

uses of waterways

• Changes to flow patterns – increased flow rate, volume, and flooding risks,

loss of riparian vegetation, erosion and loss of habitat

• Changing the morphology of creeks and rivers- loss of aquatic habitat

• Changes to groundwater levels and potential impacts on soil conditions,including increased salinity, and

• Importation of exotic plants / weeds – reducing riparian vegetation and

habitat.

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Water Sensitive Urban Design

Hoban, A., and Wong, T.H.F., (2006) “WSUD resilience to Climate Change”, 1st international Hydropolis Conference, Perth WA, October 2006.

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Hoban, A., and Wong, T.H.F., (2006) “WSUD resilience to Climate Change”, 1st international Hydropolis Conference, Perth WA, October 2006.

Integrated Management of the

Urban Water Cycle

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Benefits of WSUD

• Climate Change mitigation – reducing urban heat island effect

• Climate Change adaptation – provision of green corridors

• Biodiversity enhancement – local provenance plantings

• Infrastructure renewal – WSUD can be included in road upgrades

and/or traffic calming, thereby reducing stormwater loadings• Water scarcity and/or water restriction impacts from drought – 

irrigating sports fields with stormwater 

• Integration of WSUD into open space

• Improving aesthetics and liveability of our cities

• Improved health and wellbeing

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WSUD PRINCIPLES ANDOBJECTIVES 

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Federal response to WSUD

 Australian Government promotes WSUD through:

• National Water Initiative, WSUD is defined as:

 – the integration of urban planning with the management, protection and

conservation of the urban water cycle, that ensures urban water 

management is sensitive to natural hydrological and ecological cycles.

• National Water Quality Management Strategy

 – Improved developments to achieve of locally adopted water quality and

river flow objectives

National Guidelines on WSUD

•  Australian Runoff Quality• Guidelines for evaluating water sensitive urban design principles

and practices

• Water-sensitive cities - priority projects

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Principles of WSUD

• Protection and enhancement of natural

water systems

• Treating urban stormwater to meet

water quality objectives for reuse

and/or discharge to receiving waters.

• Matching the natural water runoff 

regime as closely as possible

• Reducing potable water demand

• Minimising wastewater generation and

treatment of wastewater to a standardsuitable for effluent reuse opportunities

• Integrating stormwater management

into the urban landscape

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WSUD objectives – Potable

water

• New residential dwellings comply with BASIX.

• Buildings not affected by BASIX

 – must install 4 star dual-flush toilets, 3 star showerheads, 4 star taps and

3 star urinals.

 – must install rainwater tanks to meet a portion of supply such as outdoor use, toilets, laundry or hot water.

• Installation of dual reticulation for toilet flushing, laundry, irrigation

and potentially cooling towers in large redevelopment areas.

• Water use within public open space (for uses such as irrigation,

pools, water features etc.) should be supplied from alternativesources to meet 80% of this demand.

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WSUD objectives – Stormwater

• Stormwater discharged from development areas to be treated in

accordance with best practice:

 – 80% reduction in the mean annual load of Total Suspended Solids

(TSS)

 – 60% reduction in the mean annual load of Total Phosphorus (TP)

 – 45% reduction in the mean annual load of Total Nitrogen (TN)

 – 90% reduction in the mean annual load of Gross Pollutants

• Waterway stability targets

• Bushland and wetland targets

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WSUD ELEMENTS 

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WSUD Elements

• WSUD in strategic and

statutory planning

• Masterplanning

• Street layout and streetscapes

• Public Art

1. Demand Management

2. Supplementing drinking water 

 – Rainwater harvesting

 – Stormwater harvesting

 – Wastewater Recycling

3. Stormwater Treatment

 – Gross Pollutant Traps

 – Vegetated swales & buffers

 – Bioretention systems

 – Wetlands

Best Planning Practices Best Management Practices

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WSUD in strategic and statutory

planning

• Legislation

 – GCC SEPP (NSW)

 – BASIX SEPP (NSW)

• Council DCPs

• Supporting WSUD

Guidelines

Introductory Fact Sheet

Concept Design Guide

Detail Design Guide /

Standard Drawings

Construction and

Establishment Guide

 Asset Management

Operation and

Maintenance Guide

Information

Development

 Application

Construction

Certificate

Construction

Ongoing

Operation

MUSIC Modelling Guide

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Masterplanning /

Conceptual Design of WSUD

Urban Planner /

Architect

Civil Engineer

Stormwater

Engineer /

Ecologist

Landscape

Architect

Urban Planner /

Architect

Civil Engineer

StormwaterEngineer /

Ecologist

Landscape

Architect

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Masterplanning

Bioretention

Medians

Water Art in StairsWetland

Stormwater 

storage and

treatment

Irrigation uses treated

stormwater and bore

water 

Low irrigation

vegetation

Landcom, (2009) Landcom WSUD Strategy: Part 3 Case Studies, see

http://www.landcom.com.au/whats-new/publications-reports/water-sensitive-urban-

design.aspx 

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Public Art

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WSUD DEMAND MANAGEMENTAND REUSE 

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Demand management

• Water efficient fixtures, fittings and appliances

• Water efficient landscaping and drought tolerant plants

• Efficient water irrigation systems (subsurface, drip systems or 

rainfall/moisture controlled systems)

• Supplement water supply using alternative sources of water 

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Hot

water 

system

Shower 

and

bathroom

Clothes

washing

Toilet

flushing

Garden

irrigation

Human

consum

ption

Waste

water 

Hot

water 

Shower 

and

bathroom

Clothes

washing

Toilet

flushing

Garden

irrigation

Human

consum

ption

Waste

water 

Potable Water 

Potable Water 

 Air 

Condition

-ing

 Air 

Con

Storm

water 

Storm

water 

Storm

water 

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WSUD STORMWATERTREATMENT 

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Treatment Requirements

Particle Size

Pollution Issue

Gross Solids

> 5mm

Coarse- to Medium-

5 mm – 125 m

Fine Particulates

125 m  – 10 m

Very Fine/Colloidal

10 m – 0.45 m

Dissolved Particles

< 0.45 m

Litter 

Turbidity

Visual Sediment 

Gravel

Silt

Organics

Plant

Debris

Natural &Anthropogenic

Materials

Particulate

Nutrients

Soluble

Metals

Particulate

Colloidal

Gross Pollutant Trap

Bioretention, Wetland

Swale

Engineers Australia (2006) Australian Runoff Quality, ed Wong, T. F., Engineers

 Australia, Melbourne.

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Gross Pollutant Traps

• Benefits

 – reduce litter, debris, coarse sediment

 – pre-treatment for other systems (eg

wetlands)

• Considerations

 – Can be ugly and/or expensive

 – Maintenance: capital vs. maintenancecost

 – Limited ability to treat nutrients

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Buffer Strips & Vegetated

Swales

• Benefits

 – remove coarse and medium

sediment

 – streetscape benefits

 – alternative conveyance system

• Considerations

 – Restricted to mild slopes (1-4%) – Interactions with driveways, footpaths

 – Limited ability to treat nutrients

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Bioretention & Wetland

Bioretention

• Biological uptake N and P

• Filtration

• 2-3% catchment area

• Does not retain water 

• Small to medium scale

Wetland 

• Biological uptake N and P

• Sedimentation

• 5-8% catchment area

• Retains permanent water 

• Medium to large scale

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Bioretention Systems

Slotted kerb opening and grate (Docklands, Melbourne)Kerb opening through lintel (Ku-ring-gai Council)

Road

Footpath

Slot in kerb

Stormwater drainage (eg 375 mm pipe)

0.5 –

1.5 m

0.5 - 1m Filter media

0.1 m Transition layer (sand)

0.15 m Drainage layer, with perfo rated p ipes (gravel)

Impervious liner 

0.1 - 0.3 m Temporary ponding

Overflow pit

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Bioretention at differing scales

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Wetlands

Sedimentation

Basin

Macrophyte

Zone

High Flow

Bypass

Deep Water Zones

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Wetlands at differing scales

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How to size it right.....

• MUSIC – Model For Urban Stormwater Improvement

Conceptualisation. Uses include:

 – Determining flows from catchment

 – Water quality benefits

 – Lifecycle cost

• Can model WSUD elements including;

 – Wetlands

 – ponds & basins

 – bioretention systems/rain gardens

 – infiltration systems – swales and buffers

 – stormwater harvesting and reuse (including tanks & other storage

options)

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COUNCIL WSUD PROJECTS 

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• Council to insert projects

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WSUD RESOURCES 

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Resources

• WSUD.org (Sydney)- http://www.wsud.org/ 

• Healthy Waterways (SE Qld)- http://www.waterbydesign.com.au/  

• Clearwater (Melbourne)- http://www.clearwater.asn.au/ 

• WSUD @ Melbourne Water - http://wsud.melbournewater.com.au/  

•  Australian Runoff Quality - http://www.ncwe.org.au/arq/ • EWater - http://www.toolkit.net.au/