www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto125.3.20111 Religious Landscape and
Religious Roots in Finland (and Turku) Tuomas Martikainen
23.11.20141 Slide 2 www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto2 Contents Overview of
religions in Finland Immigration and religion Interfaith networks
Conclusion: Religion and the Finnish state an emerging change?
25.3.2011 Slide 3 www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto OVERVIEW OF RELIGIONS
IN FINLAND 25.3.20113 Slide 4 www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto4 The role
of the Lutheran Church has weakened The religious field is
increasingly international Key changes - Charismatic Christianity
and fundamentalism - New religions - Immigration - Alternative
spirituality Has religion gained a new public visibility? 25.3.2011
Yleiset muutokset Slide 5 www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto525.3.2011
Membership 1989-2009 1989%1999%2009% Evangelical Lutheran Church4
381 70488,14 406 51385,24 273 42579,9 Finnish Orthodox Church52
6461,155 2561,158 5391,1 Other religions45 7000,956 9431,174 1331,4
Non-affiliated494 1599,9652 59012,6945 33017,7 Total population4
974 383 1 1005 171 3021005 351 427100 Lhteet: Suomen tilastollinen
vuosikirja 1991; 2000; Tilastokeskus. 1 Luku sislt 174 henkil,
joiden jsenyys on tuntematon. Slide 6 www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto6
Positive attitudes towards religions 1989-2008 25.3.2011 Source:
Kimmo Ketola 2010. Slide 7 www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto7 Negative
attitudes towards religions 1989-2008 25.3.2011 Source: Kimmo
Ketola 2010. Slide 8 www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto IMMIGRATION AND
RELIGION 25.3.20118 Slide 9 www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto Altogether
233 183 foreign born (4,4 % of the total population) in 2009.
Source: Statistics Finland. Slide 10 www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto
Source: Ministry of Labour 2006. Slide 11
www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto1125.3.2011 Source: Statistics FIN, WCDB,
Martikainen 2011. Slide 12 25.3.201112 199020002009 Total Foreign
born, % Total Foreign born, % Total Foreign born, % Total
population49984781,351811152,653514274,4 Lutheran
Church43907390,844095761,042734251,1 Orthodox
Church526272,8556926,45853911,0 Other
Orthodox80017,9111539,7222657,0 Catholic
Church424732,2722740,81009046,3 Other
Christians220002,2225932,9283784,0 Muslims81012,3119922,3823055,0
Jews100613,2115720,7123624,0 Buddhists0260,035346,2
Others156412,1225512,5236203,3 Population Register and unknown
5106084,865997912,894533017,6 Slide 13 www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto13
One out of five formal members in religious organisations
Membership highest among Christians and Jews Immigrants across the
religious field Many active outside the formal context 25.3.2011
Immigrants in religious organisations Slide 14
www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto14 Own community vs. already existing
Worship Religious education Social networks Representation
25.3.2011 Activities Slide 15 www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto INTERFAITH
NETWORKS 25.3.201115 Slide 16 www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto16
Theologians: ecumenics and mission - between churches - reflection
upon missionary work Local activism (1990s-) - individual
activists, small groups - meager resources Institutionalisation
(2000s) - Church and Islam Working Group paves the path - Interests
widens - Since 9/11 combination of dialogue, emansipation and
security 25.3.2011 Interfaith Finland a preliminary history Slide
17 www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto17 Explicit aims - platform for
religious debate - supporting local and national social integration
of religious newcomers Implicit aims - satisfying curiosity,
friendship - new networks necessary to build bridges in project
society - tools for domestication (governance and security)
25.3.2011 Interfaith action Slide 18 www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto
CONCLUSION: Religion and the Finnish state an emerging change?
25.3.201118 Slide 19 www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto19 Religious life is
gradually diversifying in Finland Not a one way street - less:
traditional religion (secularisation) - more: individualism and
diversity Drivers: - globalisation, human mobility - competition
and breakdown of monopolies - recognition policies 25.3.2011
Conclusion Slide 20 www.helsinki.fi/yliopisto20 Religion and state
> Is the specific role of Lutheran/Orthodox Churches under
pressure? > Is the role of minority religions changing? > Do
they find themselves in a new position in civil society and
expected to contribute to the common good? > If yes, what does
it mean for state-religion relations? 25.3.2011 The future now?
