lbuf] jg Aoj:yfkgsf] dfWodaf6 ;d"xsf] cfaZostf

kl/k"lt{ ug{sf ;fy} ;d"xnfO{ a9L ePsf] jg k}bfjf/

;d"x aflx/ laqmLlat/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . ;fd'bflos jgsf]

sfo{of]hgfdf pNn]v ul/P cg';f/ lbuf] jg Joj:yfkg u/L jg

k}bfjf/sf] pTkfbgdf j[l4 Nofpg lgDg sfo{x¿ ug'{ kb{5 .

rl/r/g, cfunfuL, rf]/L s6fgL, cltqmd0f cflbaf6

;fd'bflos jgnfO{ hf]ufpg] .

;|f]t ;j]{If0f u/L jg sfo{of]hgf tof/ ubf{ jftfj/0fLo,

cfly{s / ;fdflhs kIfnfO{ Wofg lbg' kb{5 .

;fd'bflos jgjf6 pknJw x'g] jftfj/0fLo ;]jfx¿sf]

;Defjfgfsf] vf]hL u/L jftfj/0fLo ;]jf z'Nssf]

cjwf/0ffnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg ;lsg]5 .

;fd'bflos agdf ?v Pjd\ hl8a'6L k|hfltsf a[Iff/f]k0f

ubf{ :yfgLo /}yfg] k|hfltnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg'kb{5 .

jg sfo{of]hgfdf plNnlvt jflif{s ?kdf k|fKt ug{

;lsg] kl/df0fsf] cfwf/df jg k}bfjf/ pkof]u ub}{

hfg'kb{5 .

blnt, hghflt, dlxnf tyf lakGgd"vL sfo{qmd o:tf

au{sf] cfly{s ca:yf / ;fdlhs x}l;ot lbuf]?kdf

;'wfg]{ vfnsf] x'g'k5{ .

;d"xsf] aflif{s of]hgfdf ljkGg 3/w'/LnfO{ ul/g]

a:t'ut / cfly{s ;xof]u Plsg x'g' kb{5 .

;d"xdf ;DkGgtf :tl/s/0f u/L 5gf}6 ul/Psf lakGg

au{n] k|fKt u/]sf] pknAwL / nufgLsf] slDtdf

cw{aflif{s ?kdf ;ldIff tyf laZn]if0f ug'{kb{5 .

hLljsf]kfh{g sfo{qmdaf6 blnt, hghflt, dlxnf tyf

lakGg au{nfO{ k'¥ofO{Psf] ;xof]usf] ;d"xn] cg'udg

tyf d"NofÍg u/L lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf ;xof]uL

lgsfox¿nfO{ ;f]sf] k|lta]bg k7fpg'kb{5 .

lbuf] jg Joj:yfkg

:jLs[t sfo{of]hgf adf]lhd ;d"xsf] cfjZostf k'/f

u/L a9L ePsf] jg k}bfjf/ ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lg0f{o

cg';f/ lhNnfsf] dfunfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ lhNnf aflx/

lalqm ljt/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . laqmL lat/0fsf nflu

k|fyldstfsf cfwf/ tof/ ubf{ bfx ;+:sf/, 3/sfh,

lasf; lgdf{0f sfo{nfO{ larf/ k'¥ofpg' kb{5 .

;d"xn] sfo{of]hgf jdf]lhd k|fKt u/]sf] sf7 pkef]Qmf

;d"xsf] 6f+Frf k|of]u u/L glhssf] jg sfof{nodf

hfgsf/L lbO{ kfos kg]{ ;–ldndf nuL lr/fg

ug{ ;Sb5g\ . o;sf]] cg'udg sfo{ ;ldlt :jo+n]

ug'{kb{5 .

l8:Sn]d/M of] ;ª\lIfKt hfgsf/L krf{ cd]l/sL hgtfåf/f cd]l/sL ljsf; lgof]u -o'P;P8_ sf] dfWodaf6 k|bfg ul/Psf] pbf/ ;xof]uaf6 ;Dej ePsf] xf] . o;df pNn]lvt ljifoj:t' s]P/ g]kfnsf] lhDd]jf/L xf] / o;n] o'P;P8 tyf cd]l/sL ;/sf/sf] wf/0ff k|ltlglwTj u/]sf] dflgg] 5}g .

yk hfgsf/Lsf] nflu

xl/of] jg sfo{qmd, s]P/ g]kfnn]vgfydfu{, Go"/f]8, kf]v/f

kmf]g g+ )^!–%@@@$@÷%@@@$#j]a;fO6: www.hariyoban.org

Od]n:hariyobanprogram@wwfnepal.org

…xl/of] jg g]kfnsf] wgÚ eGg] g]kfnL plQmaf6 …xl/of] jg sfo{qmdÚ gfdfs/0f ePsf] xf] . o;sf] p2]Zo hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|lts"n k|efjnfO{ Go"lgs/0f ug{' / g]kfnsf] h}ljs ljljwtfsf] r'gf}tLnfO{ sd ug{' xf] . o; p2]Zo k"lt{sf nflu ;/sf/, ;d'bfox¿, gful/s ;dfh / gLlh If]q;Fusf] ;xsfo{ cfjZos 5 . o; xl/of] jg sfo{qmdn] ljz]if u/L g]kfnsf :yfgLo ;d'bfox¿nfO{ b]zdf ljBdfg ;|f]tsf] ;'/Iff ug{] / ;+/If0f Pjd\ hLljsf]kfh{gsf pQd tl/sf dfkm{t\ ablnFbf] hnjfo'df cg's"ng ug{ ;Ifd t'NofpF5 . o;/L o; sfo{qmdn] hgtf / hª\unaLr ;DaGw hf]8\5 / g]kfnsf hgtf / jGo k|s[lt b'j}sf] lxt ub{5 . o; sfo{qmdsf] d"n ljifodf tLgj6f cGtlglx{t ;Defux¿ 5g\ . tL ;Defux¿ x'g\ M h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f, /]8 Kn; nufotsf kfl/l:yltsLo ;]jfsf] e'StfgL / hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ng . oL s'/fx¿ hLljsf]kfh{gsf dfWod, ;'zf;g, n}ª\lus tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] ulx/f] cGt/ ;DaGwaf6 ;Dej x'G5g\ . o'P;P8åf/f cfly{s ;xof]u k|bfg ePsf] xl/of] jg sfo{qmd 8An'8An'Pkm g]kfnsf] k|d'v ;fem]bf/Ldf s]P/ g]kfn, ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf dxf;+3 / /fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]ifsf] ;xsfo{df sfof{Gjog ul/Psf] sfo{qmd xf] .

xl/of] jg sfo{qmd;fd'bflos jg ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] dfu{bz{g, @)^% -bf];|f] kl/dfh{g_ sf k|d'v k|fjwfgx¿

Hariyo Ban Number: Briefing paper 009

dgf:n' ;fd'bflos jg, ndh'ª

© 8An'8An'Pkm g]kfn, xl/of] jg sfo{qmd

© s]P/ g]kfn, xl/of] jg sfo{qmd

jflif{s ?= @%,))).– eGbf sd cfDbfgL x'g] pkef]Qmf

;d"xsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;d"xn] tf]s]sf] JolQm jf ;ldltaf6

u/fpg ;lsg]5 .

;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] n]vfk/LIfs ;d"xsf]

;fwf/0f ;efaf6 tf]lsg' kb{5 .

;d"xn] u/]sf sfdsf] sDtLdf jif{sf] ! k6s ;fj{hlgs

;'g'jfO{ tyf ;fj{hlgs n]vfk/LIf0f ug'{ kg]{ / o;

k|lqmofdf ljkGg, dlxnf, blntnfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg'

kb{5 .

;d"xsf] cfDbfgL, vr{, sfo{qmd / a}7ssf lg0f{osf]

hfgsf/L lgoldt ?kdf pkef]QmfnfO{ kfos kg]{

;fj{hlgs 7fpFdf 6fF+; ug]{ / ;d"xsf ;b:ox¿ aLr

;do–;dodf 5nkmn tyf ax; ug'{ kb{5 .

jgsf] ;+/If0f, ljsf; / Joj:yfkgdf pkef]Qmfn]

u/]sf] hg>dbfg a/fa/sf] /sd jg ljsf;df pkef]Qmfn]

ug'{ kg]{ @% k|ltzt vr{df ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsg]5 .

;fwf/0f ;efaf6 :jLs[t jflif{s sfo{qmd cg';f/ dfq

pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] sf]ifsf] /sd vr{ ug'{ kb{5 .

;d"xeGbf aflx/ jg k}bfj/ laqmL ubf{ ;fwf/0f ;efsf]

lg0f{o x'g' kg]{ Joj:yf ljwfgdf pNn]v ul/g' kb{5 .

;d"xdf ;'zf;g ;'b[9 ug{sf] nflu cfjZos ;"rssf]

lgwf{/0f u/L dfs'/L hfnf] lalwåf/f ;d"xsf] ;'zf;gsf]

ca:yf cfFsng ug'{ kb{5 . ;fy} ;d"xsf] ;'zf;g

;'b[9Ls/0f of]hgf tof/ u/L sfof{Gjog ug'{ kb{5 .

blnt, hghflt, dlxnf tyf ljkGg au{, km/s Ifdtf

ePsf ju{sf] lg0f{o k|lqmofdf cy{{k"0f{ ;xeflutf h'6fO{

;f] ju{sf] g]t[Tj ljsf;df ;xof]u ug'{ kb{5 .

;'zf;g ;'b[9Ls/0f

ljkGgd"vL hLljsf]kfh{g

hjfkmb]lxtf tyf lhDd]jf/Lkg;“u ;DjGwL k|fjwfgx¿

kf/blz{tfsf ;DjGwdf dfu{bz{gdf ePsf d"Vo k|fjwfgx¿

;fd'bflos jg ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] dfu{bz{g @)^% n] kl/sNkgf u/]sf ;'zf;g ;DaGwL ljz]if k|fjwfgx¿nfO{ Jojxf/df ;fsf/ kfg{ / lbuf] jg Joj:yfkg sfo{nfO{ ;'b[9 agfpg cfd ;d'bfodf o;sf] p2]Zo tyf k|fjwfgx¿sf af/]df hfgsf/L x'g' cfjZos dxz'; u/L cd]l/sL ;xof]u lgof]u o"=P;=P=cfO{=l8=sf] cfly{s ;xof]udf ;fd'bflos jg ljsf; sfo{qmd dfu{bz{g, @)^% -bf];|f] kl/dfh{g_ af6 ;fef/ ul/Psf] xf] .

;'zf;g ;'b[l9s/0f ug{sf nflu pkef]Qmfx¿n] cfkm\gf]

clwsf/sf] vf]hL ug{sf ;fy} lhDd]jf/L axg ug'{ kb{5 .

pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] ;'zf;gsf] ;'b[l9s/0f ePdf cGo ;]jf

k|bfos lgsfox¿df ;d]t kf/blz{tf / hjfkmb]lxtfdf a[l4

ug{ d2t k'Ub5 . hLljsf]kfh{g sfo{qmd cGt/ut k'¥ofO{Psf] ;xof]usf]

cg'udg, d'Nofª\sg tyf clen]vg u/L ;d"xn]

lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf ;xof]uL lgsfox¿nfO{

k|ltj]bg k7fpg' kb{5 .

;ldltsf kbflwsf/L x]/km]/ x'Fbf clgjfo{ ?kdf

a/a'emf/t ug'{ kb{5 .

jflif{s sfo{qmd ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 kfl/t gu/fO{ nfu'

ug{ kfOg] 5}g .

:jLs[t jflif{s of]hgf cg';f/ dfq pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf]

sf]if vr{ ug'{ kb{5 .

;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx¿nfO{ ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0ff

u/]sf] dfgL cfly{s clgoldttf ug]{ kbflwsf/L pk/

sf/afxL ug{ ;lsg]5 .

;d"xn] lawfg k]z u/]sf] #) lbg leq lhNnf jg

clws[tn] pkef]Qmf ;d"x btf{ u/L k|df0f–kq lbg' kb{5 .

olb ;f] cjlwdf ;d"x btf{ ug{ g;Sg] cj:yf eP

;f]sf] sf/0f :ki6 ?kdf v'nfO{ lnlvt ?kdf ;DalGwt

pkef]Qmf ;d"xnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kb{5 .

sfo{of]hgf k]z u/]sf] #) lbg leq lhNnf jg clws[tn]

:jLs[t ug'{ kb{5 . :jLs[t ug{ g;lsg] cj:yf ePdf

;f] sf] sf/0f ;lxt lnlvt hfgsf/L ;d"xnfO{ lbg'

kb{5 .

;d"xn] jflif{s of]hgf tof/ u/]/ dfq sfo{qmd

sfof{Gjog ug'{ kb{5 .

/]~hkf]i6, O{nfsf jg sfof{no / lhNnf jg sfof{non]

sDtLdf jif{sf] ! k6s k|To]s ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf

;d"xsf] lgoldt cg'udg u/L /fo ;'emfj lng] lbg]

k|lqmof ckgfpg' kb{5 .

ljkGgd"vL hLljsf]kfh{g sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpgsf]

nflu blnt, hghflt, dlxnf tyf ljkGg ju{df cfˆgf]

clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf dxz'; x'g] vfNfsf sfo{qmd

;~rfng ug'{ kb{5 . blnt, hghflt, dlxnf tyf ljkGg

ju{nfO{ cfly{s ;zlQms/0fsfnflu sfo{qmd ;~rfng

ug'{ / ;x''lnot jf lgMz'Ns ?kdf jg k}bfjf/ ljt/0f ug'{

pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] hjfkmb]xLtf xf] . blnt, hghflt,

dlxnf tyf ljkGgd"vL hLljsf]kfh{g sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/L

pgLx¿sf] ;fdflhs Pjd\ cfly{s ca:yfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg

lgDg sfo{ ug'{kb{5 .

;d"xsf] cfDbfgLsf] sDtLdf klg #% k|ltzt /sd

;xeflutfd"ns ;DkGgtf :tl/s/0fnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL

ljkGg ju{sf dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghftLsf

nflu nlIft sfo{qmddf kl/rfng ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'

kb{5 .

ljkGg ju{sf] cfo cfh{gsf nflu ;fd'bflos jgsf]

hUuf 5'6\ofpg ;lsg] k|fjwfg ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

x/]s ;d"xn] ;xefuLtfd"ns ;DkGgtf :t/Ls/0f u/L

;f] sf] cfwf/df ljkGgsf] hLljsf]kfh{g of]hgf tof/

ug'{ kb{5 .