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architecture for healthcarezaha hadid: riverside museumromance in product design
architecture for healthcarezaha hadid: riverside museumromance in product design
VVOL XXIX NO 99 SEPTEMBER 2012
6060 128128
102102
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF SUNEET PAUL
EDITORIAL ASSOCIATENIJITA NANDAN KADAM
ARCHITECTURAL ASSOCIATESANIL KUMAR
SUB EDITORPOTSHANGBAM JULY
SECRETARIAL CO-ORDINATORPRITI SHRIVASTAVA
CREATIVE DIRECTORBIPIN KUMAR
PRINCIPAL DESIGNERJOHN ROY
MARKETING:BENGALURU: JOY TALAPATRATel: 080-22219578; Fax: 080-22243428
CHENNAI: D KARTHIKTel: 044-28141816, 044-28140159
KOLKATA: SUJIT BOSETel: 033-22874298, 033-22805323
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NEW DELHI: SONA LI ROY (GM)GANESH DIXIT (Assistant Manager - Ad Sales)Tel: 0124-4759691; Fax: 0124-4759550
JEHANGIR DJALMETOV (Marketing Manager)
PRODUCTIONSUNIL DUBEY (DGM)RITESH ROY (Sr. Manager) DEVENDER PANDEY (Manager)
ASST PRE-PRESS MANAGERSKULDEEP DABRAL, DAVINDER SINGH BRIJESH KUMAR JUYAL (Pre-press Operators)
MANAGER SCHEDULINGC P SREEDHARAN
PRODUCT SALES & CONSUMER SERVICESSUNIL GUJRAL (National Head – Product Sales andConsumer Marketing)VIPUL JAIN (Head – Retail)CHANDNI WADERA (Assistant Manager – Corporate Sales)ASHISH SAWHNEY (Manager – Subscription)
REGIONAL MANAGERSSATHYA NARAYANA T S (South)SOMNATH PRAMANIK (East)SUBASH MISHRA (West)
MANAGER – HR SONYA CAROLINE SHAH
EDITORIAL AND ADVERTISING OFFICEMedia Transasia India Ltd., Plot No. 323,Udyog Vihar, Phase-4, Gurgaon-122016, Haryana.Ph: 0124-4759500; Fax: 0124-4759550. E-mail: Editorial: [email protected], [email protected] SUBSCRIPTIONCall: Gurgaon: 0124-4759616/17Mobile: 09899414369, Fax: 0124-4759550Mumbai: 022-42467777, Fax: 022-26503710Bengaluru: 080-22219578, Fax: 080-22243428 Chennai: Telefax: 044-28141816Kolkata: Telefax: 033-22874298Email: [email protected]: www.mediatransasiaindia.com
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PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY Xavier Collaco on behalf of MediaTransasia India Ltd., having registered office at 323, Udyog Vihar,Phase IV, Gurgaon 122016 and printed at Thomson Press IndiaLimited, 18/35 Delhi-Mathura Road, Faridabad (Haryana). Editor:Suneet Paul. Opinions expressed in the articles are of the authorsand do not necessarily reflect those of the editors or publishers.Material published in this magazine may be reproduced only withwritten permission from the editors. Every effort will be made toreturn submitted material if accompanied by a stamped, addressedenvelope, but the editors and publishers are not responsible for lossor damage. While the editors do their utmost to verify informationpublished they do not accept responsibility for its absolute accuracy.
A N I N D I A N J O U R N A L O F A R C H I T E C T U R E
15 ABOUT THE ISSUE
16 REFLECTIONS
20 UPDATES
ARCHITECTURE FOR HEALTHCARE26 Developments in Healthcare Architecture
Chiranjib Dey32 Woman & Childcare Hospital, Kolkata
Edifice Consultants, Mumbai40 Mornington Centre, Australia
Lyons, Australia 48 Clinica T
Pedra Silva Arquitectos, Portugal56 Communicable Disease Hospital Campus,
ChennaiOCI Architects, Chennai
60 Placebo Pharmacy, GreeceKlab Architecture, Greece
CULTURAL CENTRES66 Space for Contemplation
Chinmaya Ashram, MaharashtraGroup Seven Architects & Planners Pvt Ltd, Mumbai
74 Tunnel-like ConfigurationRiverside Museum, Glasgow, ScotlandZaha Hadid Architects, London
82 A Community CentreHuis Van Droo, Duiven, The NetherlandsJohan De Wachter Architects, The Netherlands
88 Effective CompactnessThéâtre la Licorne, Quebec, CanadaLes Architectes FABG, Canada
VERTICAL PLANNING94 Role of Tall Buildings in
Future Urban UniversitiesChristopher L Groesbeck, Jon B DeVries, Ron Klemencic and John F McDonald
102 Vertical Campus Roosevelt University, ChicagoVOA Associates Incorporated, Chicago
PROJECT FEATURE110 Shell-shaped Stadium
Sports Park Stozice, Ljubljana, SloveniaSADAR+VUGA, Slovenia
EXPLORING DESIGN120 Romance in Product Design
128 HERITAGE
Reflections
Play Cave
Created by Oslo-based firm Haugen/Zohar Arkitekter,the structure is a play cave for kids, speckled with rainbowcoloured bits and topped off with a layer of artificial grass.Constructed using 1.5 tonnes of pre-industrial waste, the
cave is hollowed out by subtractive manufacturingtechnology to create a series of nooks and tunnels.
Photo credit: Grethe Fredriksen
SSeptember 2012ARCHITECTURE+DESIGN16
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Architecture for Healthcare
Developments in Healthcare ArchitectureChiranjib Dey
“A functional design can promote skill, economy, conveniences, and comforts; a non-functional designcan impede activities of all types, detract from quality of care, and raise costs to intolerable levels.”
Hardy and Lammers
Centro Medico ABC Cancer Centre, Mexico (Architects: HKS Inc, Dallas, Texas)
Hospitals are the most complex buildings todesign. Each hospital comprises a wide rangeof services and functional units. These include
diagnostic and treatment functions, such as clinicallaboratories, imaging, emergency rooms and surgery;hospitality functions like food service and housekeepingand the fundamental inpatient care or bed-relatedfunction. In addition to the wide range of services thatmust be accommodated, hospitals have to serve andsupport many different users and stakeholders. Ideally,the design process incorporates direct input from theowner and from key hospital staff early in the process.The designer also has to be an advocate for thepatients, visitors, support staff who do not generallyhave direct input into the design. Good hospital designintegrates functional requirements with the humanneeds of its varied users.
Planning facilities for future healthcare is achallenge. Newly built facilities are expected to last fordecades, but care delivery is changing very rapidly andnew hospitals are expected to fix so many operationalissues that they are often outdated by the time of theiroccupation. Changing clinical technology and caredelivery affect the processes and people involved inhealthcare. For example, the adoption of minimallyinvasive surgery and interventional procedures hasdecreased the Average Length Of Stay (ALOS) ofpatients, implying the importance of operationalefficiency of hospitals to accommodate faster patient-bed turn around.
Substantial growth has been observed in the volumeof outpatients. Many specific outpatient procedures andservices will grow at even faster rates. For example,PET/CT volumes will increase drastically. The strong
ARCHITECTURE+DESIGNSSeptember 2012 27
Circle Bath, England (Architects: Foster+Partners, London)
SSeptember 2012ARCHITECTURE+DESIGN28
growth of the outpatient sector will require significantincreases in outpatient facilities and resources.Organisations must soon progress from planning basedon inpatient market share. Instead, outpatient servicesneed to be organised and managed as a business (or aportfolio of businesses) of its own. The outlook may varyfor markets and hospitals because of local factorsincluding demographic trends, case mix and differencesin technology-adoption appetites.
The biggest growth area for hospital inpatients willbe short-stay patients: those staying two days or less.The frequency of discharging of this type of patient willincrease over the years, compared to the increase ofpatients staying four or more days. It is anticipated that,patients with an ALOS less than three days will makeup more than one-third of inpatient volumes. Inplanning new facilities, organisations must consider thegrowth of various patient populations and design newsettings (that is, distribution of number of beds),operational processes (such as lab results and imagingreport turnaround), and even physician practicepatterns (for instance, the timing of physician rounds)to handle brief admissions efficiently.
In fact, many organisations are realising thatdifferent types of patients and treatment requirevarious kinds of facilities. It does not make sense to putrelatively healthy patients who will be discharged in
one or two days in the same facility with patients withcomplex conditions who need longer hospitalisation.Rather, patients will increasingly be segmented basedon care needs. Better segmentation means better focus,and that, in turn, improves efficiency and effectiveness.Future medical enterprise will segment patients into‘focused-factory’ disease-based centres and acute carecentres. Focused, disease-based centres, such as cancercentres and joint replacement/arthritis centres, offerpatients, convenient one-stop treatment and alloworganisations to provide care efficiently in a lower-costsetting. Acute care centres treat patients who needmore complex, multidisciplinary care.
Care in the Emergency Department (ED) needsstreamlining; minimising patient transport times throughstrategic adjacencies and designing procedure rooms toaccommodate emerging technologies are essential tobuilding successful acute care centres for the future.Efficient diagnosis in the ED is critical to providingefficient and timely care. Technology such as moleculardiagnostics and advanced imaging that produces resultsin minutes or hours instead of days will expedite triage.Emerging information technology will provide bettercommunication and information access at strategicallylocated access points.
Clinical adjacency is another key to successful facilitydesign. Inpatient imaging services, critical care, the ED,
Tata Medical Centre, Kolkata (Architects: Cannon Design, USA and Mumbai)
