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8/13/2019 ZTE CDMA SDR BTS Solution Helps Operators to Reduce TCO - ZTE Corporation
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CDMA SDR BTS Solution Helps Operators to Reduce TCO - ZTE Corporation
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Home Solutions Wireless CDMA2000
ZTE CDMA SDR BTS Solution Helps Operators to Reduce TCO
Introduction
For enterprises, making profit is a prerequisite for survival and development. Under the present
circumstances of global economic recession, all telecom operators, whether in developed or in
underdeveloped countries, are facing the challenge of making profit.
Figure 1 Users Number and ARPU in Developed and Emerging Markets
As shown in Figure 1, the developed markets see a sluggish growth of users number and the emerging
markets experience a decline of Average Revenue Per User (ARPU). The negative influence of economic
crisis impels the operators to reduce expenses so as to increase cash flow. The operators are paying
more attention to Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and they are more likely to choose products and the
auxiliary solutions with low TCO. Therefore, ZTE focuses on helping the CDMA operators to reduce their
entire network TCO by introducing end-to-end solution.
Network TCO Analysis
To reduce TCO, it is necessary to have an understanding of the composition of TCO. Network TCO
consists of two parts: Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) and Operational Expenditure (OPEX). The CAPEX is
subdivided into purchase cost and network construction cost. And the OPEX is subdivided into operation
cost and maintenance cost.
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CDMA SDR BTS Solution Helps Operators to Reduce TCO - ZTE Corporation
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Figure 2 Network TCO Composition
Figure 2 shows the composition and the proportion of each part in the entire TCO. Apparently, the OPEX
accounts for the majority of the TCO and the maintenance cost is the main part of the OPEX. The
maintenance cost includes energy consumption expense, site rent and transmission resource rent.
ZTE CDMA SDR Low-TCO Solution
ZTE adheres to the low-TCO idea and takes measures to reduce TCO through the entire networklifecycle from network construction to network operation & maintenance and even capacity expansion and
evolution. Figure 3 illustrates the various network phases.
Figure 3 Division of Network Phases
Network Planning
To reduce the network TCO at network planning phase, the most effective way is to reduce the number of
sites provided that the network coverage and network capacity are satisfied. There are two kinds of
scenarios:
(1) The high densely and less densely populated urban areas, which are limited by capacity. In this case,
the large-capacity BTS can be used to reduce the number of sites.
(2) The suburban areas or farms, which are limited by coverage. In this case, the BTS providing wide
coverage can be used to reduce the number of sites.
Table 1 Method of Reducing TCO (Sites Number) at Network Planning Phase
Capacity Limited Scenario Coverage Limited Scenario
Technical
Advantage
Proportion of Sites
Reduced
Technical
Advantage
Proportion of Sites
Reduced
ZTE SDR BTS
supports a large
A traditional BTS supports
24 carrier-sectors. ZTE
ZTE SDR BTS
supports higher
Compared with a
traditional BTS that
8/13/2019 ZTE CDMA SDR BTS Solution Helps Operators to Reduce TCO - ZTE Corporation
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CDMA SDR BTS Solution Helps Operators to Reduce TCO - ZTE Corporation
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capacity. A single
SDR BTS
supports up to 48
carrier-sectors.
SDR solution can reduce
50% sites as compared to
traditional BTS solution.
transmit power. supports 20 W transmit
power, ZTE SDR BTS
supports 40 W transmit
power, reducing 33%
sites.
ZTE SDR BTS
supports new-
generation voice
coding technique
4GV.
ZTE SDR BTS solution
can reduce 30% sites.
ZTE SDR BTS
supports high-gain
antennas.
Compared with the
traditional solution, ZTE
SDR BTS solution can
reduce 28% sites with the
high-gain antennas.
ZTE SDR BTS
solution supports
the cell splitting
technique.
By splitting three sectors
into six sectors, ZTE SDR
BTS solution can increase
the cell capacity by at
most 70% and thus
reduce 40% sites.
ZTE SDR BTS
solution provides
distributed BBU
and RRU. The
RRU can be
mounted on a
tower.
Take a 50m-high tower
as an example. ZTE SDR
BTS solution can reduce
2 dB feeder loss. With the
same transmit power at
the top of the cabinet,
ZTE SDR BTS solution
can reduce 40% sites.
ZTE SDR BTS
solution supports
the four-antenna
receiver diversity
technique.
ZTE SDR BTS solution
can effectively reduce the
power consumption of
terminals, reducing 40%
sites.
ZTE SDR BTS
solution supports
higher reverse
receiver sensitivity.
ZTE SDR BTS can
reduce 37% sites by
increasing the reverse
receiver sensitivity by 4
dB.
Note: All the values are calculated as per certain link budget parameters at the network planning phase.
Network Construction
At network construction phase, costs for site acquisition, site construction, transport and installation
constitute the major part of CAPEX. Therefore, ZTE mainly focuses on the four aspects mentioned and
find solutions to reduce TCO at this phase.
Table 2 Reducing CAPEX at Network Construction Phase
Cost Indoor Outdoor Indoor
Site acquisition
cost
The SDR BTS can be installed
against the wall. The BBU can be
mounted in a standard 19-inch
rack to achieve zero footprint.
The integrated outdoor cabinet can
accommodate the power supply
transmission device, and so on to
eliminate the need of equipment
room.
Site
construction
cost
The BBU can be installed in a
standard 19-inch rack and the
RRU can be mounted on a tower,
thus saving 100% indoor
engineering expense.
The integrated outdoor cabinet can
be used to eliminate the need of
equipment room, thus reducing the
engineering expense.
Transport cost The SDR base station features small size and light weight. As all
modules are installed in the rack for transportation, 30% to 50%
transportation cost can be saved.
Installation cost The SDR base station features small size and light weight, saving 50%
installation and labor costs.
8/13/2019 ZTE CDMA SDR BTS Solution Helps Operators to Reduce TCO - ZTE Corporation
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CDMA SDR BTS Solution Helps Operators to Reduce TCO - ZTE Corporation
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In addition, ZTE also provides a series of competitive auxiliary solutions to reduce the cost. In the auxiliary
solution of a traditional base station, the tower, equipment room/shelter accommodating BTS, power
supply, transmission device and so on), generator and oil box are distributed, thus occupying a lot of
land. In the enhanced auxiliary solution, ZTE uses the outdoor integrated BTS and the following
accessories:
H pole. The antennas are installed at the top of the pole and the equipment is installed in the frame
of the pole. The precondition of this solution is that the pole should be easily constructed in the same
city/country.
Shelter. The shelter can be built under the tower to reduce its footprint.Integrated generator. The oil box can be directly installed on the bottom of generator to reduce the
footprint and construction cost. This solution is suitable for the customers who have no requirement
for the size of the oil box.
Network Operation & Maintenance
The network O & M cost accounts for the majority of the TCO. ZTE SDR BTS solution reduces the
network O & M cost in the following aspects:
Saving equipment room rent
As mentioned before, the indoor SDR BTS can be installed against wall. The BBU provides zero footprint
when it is installed in a standard 19-inch rack. The outdoor SDR BTS can accommodate power supply,transmission and so on, thus eliminating the need of shelter. Take the indoor application as an example to
have a simple cost comparison in Table 3.
Table 3 Comparison of Equipment Room Rent
Rent Traditional BTS BBU + RRU
Equipment Room USD1,000/month. USD500/month.
Rooftop and Pole USD50/month. USD50/month.
It is assumed that a certain network has 100 BTSs. With the use of the SDR distributes BTSs (that is,
BBU + RRU), the equipment room rent can be saved by $600,000 every year.
Saving transmission resource rent
ZTE SDR solution can greatly improve the transmission efficiency. Take E1 transmission as an example.
The average level of the transmission resource used in industry is 180 channels/E1. ZTE supports 244
channels/E1 by using its patent compression technology and will support 290 channels/E1 by using the
highly-efficient compression technology in the future.
In addition, ZTE SDR BTS supports hybrid transmission, that is, E1/T1 and FE transmission are
supported between the BTS and the BSC. As FE rent is very low, the operators can flexibly choose the
proper way according to their transmission resource.
Table 4 Comparison of Equipment Room Rent
Typical 1X + EV-DO
BTSTDM Transmission Hybrid Transmission
Bandwidth Rent 4E1 1E1 + 6Mbps
Rental Fee USD2000/E1/monthUSD2000/E1/month
USD100/Mbps/month
Rental Cost per year 4*2000*12 = $96,0001*2000*12 + 6*100*12
= $31,200
Table 4 shows the cost comparison of three transmission modes. We can find that the adoption of hybrid
transmission mode can save more than 60% cost as compared with the adoption of E1 transmission only.
Saving power
ZTE adopts a series of leading techniques to save power:
8/13/2019 ZTE CDMA SDR BTS Solution Helps Operators to Reduce TCO - ZTE Corporation
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(1) High-efficiency power amplification
(2) The large-capacity RF system can be used to reduce the power consumption of the single-sector RF
link.
(3) The automatic carrier shutdown technique can reduce the power overhead of the BTS by adjusting the
number of carriers provided by the BTS according to the change of BTS traffic.
(4) The outdoor SDR BTS uses heat exchangers to replace air conditioners, eliminating the power
consumption of the air conditioners.
(5) The automatic temperature control system in the equipment room can be used independently or with
air conditioners to save power and adjust the BTS environment temperature 24/7.Take outdoor BTSs as an example. As shown in Table 5, it is assumed that there are 1000 sites and the
charge for electricity is 0.2$/kWh. The use of SDR BTSs can save more than 1 million USD every year as
compared with traditional BTSs.
Table 5 Power Consumption Comparison of SDR Outdoor BTS and Traditional BTS
Power Consumption
(W)
Traditional
Outdoor BTS
Outdoor RF Unit in
Cabinet
Outdoor RF Unit
on Tower
BTS (S444) 1000 990 800
Air Conditioner 850 0 0
Heat Exchanger 0 50 50
Others 150 100 100
Total 1990 1140 950
Cost Saving (USD)
(1000 sites/year)
- -1.49 million -1.82 million
Exploring new energy resources
ZTE SDR solution provides new energy solutions such as solar energy, wind energy and wind-solar
power as well as biodiesel. Take wind-solar power as an example. The complementary resources have
the following advantages:
(1) Reducing system cost
(2) Independent and simple installation without the need of power supply, which can satisfy the
requirement of rapid site construction in remote areas
(3) One-off investment, providing low maintenance cost and long-term benefit
(4) Renewable natural resource, compliant with the trend of saving energy and reducing pollutants
Saving network maintenance cost
ZTE has developed a series of maintenance tools to save time and labor, and thus help the operator to
reduce the network maintenance cost. Take Call Detail Trace (CDT) for instance. The CDT can trace the
important information of all subscribers in the access system in real time 7/24 thus changing the
traditional way of troubleshooting.
Network Expansion and Evolution
A single SDR macro BTS supports 48 carrier-sectors. A single RF unit supports at most 8 carriers and 1
sector. Due to the capacity advantage, the SDR BTS helps the operator to implement network expansion
at a lower cost.
In addition, the SDR BTS supports EV-DO Rev.B. It can support EV-DO Rev.B Phase 2 by channel board
replacement and software upgrade. ZTE SDR BTS can support CDMA and LTE simultaneously by adding
LTE channel board, replacing the CDMA RF unit with a CDMA/LTE two-mode RF unit, or adding an LTE
RF unit. ZTE SDR BTS can protect the operators current investment to the utmost, and help them to win
the increasingly growing radio broadband market in the shortest time and at the lowest cost.
Conclusion
8/13/2019 ZTE CDMA SDR BTS Solution Helps Operators to Reduce TCO - ZTE Corporation
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CDMA SDR BTS Solution Helps Operators to Reduce TCO - ZTE Corporation
Centered on customer demand, ZTE CDMA SDR solution can provide customized solutions at low cost:
(1) At the network planning phase, ZTE CDMA SDR solution can reduce the number of sites by using a
series of technologies for enhancing network capacity and extending coverage.
(2) At the network construction phase, ZTE CDMA SDR solution can greatly slash the expenses in terms
of site acquisition, site construction, equipment transport and installation.
(3) At the network operation & maintenance phase, ZTE CDMA SDR solution can reduce the OPEX in
terms of equipment room, transmission, power consumption, energy and maintenance service.
(4) At the network expansion and evolution phase, ZTE CDMA SDR solution can provide flexible,
convenient and low-cost expansion/evolution solutions to protect the operators long-term investment.
ZTE CDMA SDR solution is the best choice for operators.
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