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ZTE Technology- Issue 70- ZTE 3G CDMA Solutions

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Page 1: ZTE Technology- Issue 70- ZTE 3G CDMA Solutions
Page 2: ZTE Technology- Issue 70- ZTE 3G CDMA Solutions

Subscription / CustomerServices

Subscription to ZTE TECHNOLOGIES

is free of charge.

Tel: +86-755-26771559

Fax: +86-755-26770221

or register online at

www.zte.com.cn/English/Subscribe

POSTMASTER: Send address

changes to Ms. Chen Xia at

[email protected]

Marketing Division

3F, ZTE Plaza

Keji Road South, Hi-tech Industrial Park

Shenzhen 518057, P.R.China

Tel: +86-755-26770203

Fax: +86-755-26770221

http://www.zte.com.cn

Email: [email protected]

Board director: Shi Lirong

Board member: Zeng Li

Editor in chief: Wang Peng

Product editor: Chen Ji

Feng Jun

Liu Shaoyong

Meng Xiude

Xiang Jiying

Xiao Rongjian

Executive editor: Liu Chongrong

Circulation: Chen Xia

Editorial Board

ZTE Corporation (Shenzhen: 000063, Hong Kong:0763),

the fastest growing global provider of telecommunications

equipment and network solutions, is to deploy its first

ever Africa commercial WiMAX network in Angola fol-

lowing an agreement signed recently with Mundostartel,

Angola’s 2nd largest fixed-line operator.

ZTE will provide Mundostartel with the equipment to build

a nationwide WiMAX network by January 2006. All the

equipment provided by ZTE fully complies with WiMAX

standards. The network will cover three cities and will

provide broadband and VoIP services for more than six

million people, including, in the first stage, Luanda, capi-

tal of Angola, Benguela and Lobito.

ZTE won the contract in competition with four other glo-

bal telecoms equipment suppliers. Under the terms of

the agreement, ZTE will supply Mundostartel with its end-

to-end WiMAX solution including base stations and CPEs

(Customer Premises Equipment) which offer smooth

scalability to an 802.16e (mobile WiMAX) network, roam-

ing support architecture and product serialisation.

“The provision of broadband communications is of huge

benefit to businesses throughout Angola,” said Mr.

Carneiro, Mundostartel’s board chairman. “We are com-

mitted to providing our customers with the most advanced

technology available and this agreement with ZTE makes

Mundostartel the nation’s frontrunner.”

“ZTE is committed to providing cutting-edge wireless technol-

ogy like WiMAX to countries such as Angola where fixed-line

DSL is not the best means of providing the population with broad-

band access,” said Dr Zhao Xianming, vice president of ZTE.

ZTE to deploy its firstcommercial AfricanWiMAX network--WiMAX will be built in Angola forMundostartel.

BRIEFINGBRIEFINGBRIEFINGBRIEFINGBRIEFING

Page 3: ZTE Technology- Issue 70- ZTE 3G CDMA Solutions

ZTE TECHNOLOGIES 01

ZTE Corporation (Shenzhen: 000063, Hong Kong: 0763)

has established a presence in the Benelux region with

the opening of a new office in Den Haag, the Netherlands.

The Netherlands office follows the establishment in re-

cent years of ZTE offices in Spain, Portugal and the UK

and Western Europe regional headquarters in Paris. More

recently ZTE set up its Eastern Europe regional headquar-

ters in Istanbul, Turkey, a regional resource centre in

Budapest, Hungary and an R&D centre in Sweden.

The Dutch office will target the region’s wireless, net-

working and terminals markets. “Our new office will en-

able us to provide improved local support and services to

Benelux and Northern Europe customers.”said ZTE Neth-

erlands technical director Dr. Bo Tian.

“ZTE’s strategy in Europe is totally focused on localisation.

We will work closely with local partners, recruit local

employees and set up more regional centres for R&D and

after-sale services,” Dr. Bo Tian added.

ZTE has already achieved significant milestones in the

European market this year including: the successful

completion of a 3G European Roadshow which reached

top operators in 10 European countries; becoming a glo-

bal supplier of ADSL equipment to France Telecom which

has 118.6 million customers worldwide; an agreement

with Alcatel to have ZTE’s CDMA radio access portfolio

integrated into Alcatel’s CDMA end-to-end solutions; a

research and development memorandum of understand-

ing with Portugal Telecom; and a contract to supply

Skylink, Russia’s largest CDMA operator, with an ad-

vanced CDMA network for Murmansk.

“ZTE’s presence will further enhance Den Haag’s reputa-

tion as an international city,” said Mr Pieter Van Woense,

the metropolitan councilor and chairman of the West Hol-

land Foreign Investment Agency (WIFA). “We expect that

the successful agreement between ZTE, the city of Den

Haag and the WFIA will lead to more cooperation be-

tween Chinese and Netherlands telecoms companies.

With ZTE’s establishment in Den Haag, we expect a posi-

tive contribution to both parties’ growth.”

Founded in 1985, ZTE Corporation has been listed as an

A-Share company on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange since

1997. In December 2004, ZTE was successfully listed on

the Main Board of The Stock Exchange in Hong Kong,

becoming the first Chinese company to hold both A shares

and H shares. ZTE recorded contract sales of approxi-

mately USD 4,111 million in 2004. Currently, ZTE has more

than 27,000 employees and over 33 offices worldwide,

with its products widely deployed in over 100 countries

and regions across five continents.

BRIEFINGBRIEFINGBRIEFINGBRIEFINGBRIEFING

This agreement follows recent ZTE announcements of

WiMAX deployments in Islamabad, Pakistan and a na-

tionwide network in Serbia.

ZTE has established three WiMAX R&D centers in America

and China since its WiMAX operations began in 2002. With

more than 400 R&D personnel dedicated to WiMAX operations,

ZTE owns a growing patent portfolio in the WiMAX field.

ZTE provides the full package of WiMAX products based

on 2.3GHz, 2.5G, 3.3GHz, 3.5GHz, 3.7GHz, 5.8GHz, and

multi-service terminals such as IP data, VoIP, WLAN,

VPN and TDM.

ZTE has signed a partnership agreement with Intel Cor-

poration and Fujitsu to develop and promote standards

and specifications for WiMAX networks. ZTE is also one

of the 13 board members of the WiMAX forum.nearly

10% of its annual sales income into research and

development; and has 25,000 employees, of which 70%

have a bachelor or higher degree.

ZTE Opens Dutch Office

Page 4: ZTE Technology- Issue 70- ZTE 3G CDMA Solutions

The Challenge: Pakistan is a key growth market in Asia.

Mobile takeup is on a substantial growth curve currently

with over 10 million subscribers served by six players of

which Paktel is one of the most recent entrants. Paktel is

the Pakistan subsidiary of the Millicom International

Cellular, a group that has 16 mobile operations in 15 coun-

tries in Asia and Africa. The company launched GSM

services in 2004, and has migrated from an existing AMPS

TDMA analogue service. There is a major push to increase

network expansion by all the major players for competi-

tive and market reasons. Paktel sources its entire GSM

network infrastructure from ZTE.

The Business: Six mobile operators in the country means

the competition is extremely intense, requiring operator

differentiation and addressing a market characterised by

extremely low tariffs. Xavier Rocoplan, Paktel CEO, says

that Paktel’s strategy is to come to market with offer that

is seen as best value for money, but which is not neces-

sarily the cheapest. “We want to be seen as the ‘smart’

choice, and to be the innovator,” he says. Observers

suggest that a key strength of Paktel so far has been

rapid network deployment and aggressive marketing and

brand building strategies it has employed. Now, in third

place and closing after longer-established operators

Mobilink and Ufone, Paktel currently has around 1 million

subscribers and a market share of around 9%, with sub-

scriber count increasing at a rate of 100,000 per month.

“The rates are already very low, so now it is clearly cov-

erage and quality that matter,” Mr Rocoplan comments,

and predicts the fight will move to ‘customer services

and what you can do for customers in 2006’. But he

contends: “It is a long race, and the one thing that mat-

ters is the shape of [the service provider] cost structure.

We must shape it to remain competitive.”

The Network. “The quality of existing networks is not

very good, and there is only one real player with [national]

coverage,” says Mr. Rocoplan. So, the push is on for the

serious players to achieve national coverage and this will

mean ever more investment announced from the top three

players, he predicts. Whilst all operators have announced

expansion, national coverage means big targets for net-

work deployment. “We actually had the biggest rollout

Pakistan: Major Mobile Network Deployment

ZTE TECHNOLOGIES02

Summary: Extremely rapid network growth in a major but immature market uses a turnkey vendor

relationship to maximise time to market and cost control considerations.

CASE STUDYCASE STUDYCASE STUDYCASE STUDYCASE STUDY

Page 5: ZTE Technology- Issue 70- ZTE 3G CDMA Solutions

CASE STUDYCASE STUDYCASE STUDYCASE STUDYCASE STUDY

so far with launches in 31 cities, and more than 100 cit-

ies are now covered,” he says. “It is the usual telecom

cycle and it is very capital intensive and we are all going

through that phase now.” And the costs are many and

various. ”Much of the capex is linked to towers and civil

engineering work. Local approvals and permits are, in

practice, not cheap and licence costs are significant, with

various annual licence fees and USO obligations,” he

says.

To achieve predictability in planning and cost control of

network capex, Paktel has built a long-term strategic re-

lationship with ZTE, the Chinese telecom vendor in a multi-

phase network rollout. In each case, ZTE has provided

the complete GSM infrastructure on a turnkey basis. Mr.

Rocoplan says Paktel is now “in a third phase of that

expansion”, meaning effectively doubling the site count

to 1000 by the end of this year. “We are trying to improve

the indoor coverage in the network as well,” he says.

Brand building is also important in the network rollout:

“We would like to be seen as an innovative brand. We

are rolling out GPRS and NGN infrastructures to help us

achieve our cost structure.”

Previous project phases have concerned building up overall

network expansion including GSM core, GSM radio, IN,

SMS, microwave link and power supply systems. In the

third phase capacity expansion, ZTE provides core and

radio networks to Paktel including shelter BTS and micro-

BTS installations. ZTE is also providing additional facilities,

including CRBT, and an all-in-one O&M facility. In sub-

phases GPRS, and softswitch CN architectures may also

be implemented. Paktel subscribers enjoy features such

as missed call and welcome messages. ZTE also pro-

vides support through its own Pakistan subsidiary that

employs 600 people to provide project implementation,

research and development, as well as manufacturing and

software development for both the local and export

markets.

The Result: What rating would Paktel give ZTE as a

partner? ”ZTE has been a positive experience [for us],

and has been very flexible,” says Mr. Rocoplan. “ZTE

can meet all our creative requirements including innova-

tive marketing features that rebate subscribers for mak-

ing phone calls. This is mediated through the mobile in-

telligent network (IN) system.”

What are the lessons to make a long term partnership

between vendor and operator work effectively? “The trick

as a mobile operator is to manage the vendor relationship

effectively, says Rocoplan. “ZTE is definitely a ‘different’

vendor in comparison with the major vendors in the

West who tend to place emphasis on technology feature

sets,” he comments. “ZTE has been very good in terms

of logistics, and has been very flexible. There have been

“a lot of good things such as the IN implementation, post-

sales services and ability to meet our specific require-

ments” that has enabled differentiation for Paktel in the

market. ZTE products “are good, he says, and will con-

tinue to mature over time” and considers that ZTE are

also “extremely flexible as an organization”. And Paktel

clearly sees the partnership as a valuable learning experi-

ence for both sides: “Overall I would rate it as positive,”

he says, and adds that ”ZTE is flexible enough to learn a

lot from service providers like Paktel.”

The Future: The market has plenty of opportunity in ad-

vanced services as well says Mr. Rocoplan: “I don’t think

anyone has sold GPRS properly because there are ca-

pacity and quality issues. We started work on GPRS four

months ago and it should be enabled by October.” Mr.

Rocoplan adds that Paktel will again work creatively to

use GPRS but possibly not as an explicitly branded ser-

vice in the retail market.

Meanwhile network expansion continues, with some

observers suggesting that Paktel could reach No 2 posi-

tion in the market alongside Ufone in three years. “We

are now entering Phase 4 project that could see another

doubling of sites next year,” he comments. A smooth

evolution in the rollout could in turn see both capex and

opex savings involving reduction in O&M costs. The ur-

gency to expand permeates the operator focus, says

Rocoplan: “We will have a dedicated project team for the

next two or three years, and the idea is to keep expand-

ing every week, with activities being continually pushed

through to support the business.”

ZTE TECHNOLOGIES 03

Page 6: ZTE Technology- Issue 70- ZTE 3G CDMA Solutions

1 Overview

In 2005, the global 3G market begins

to warm up and evolves from the

network experiment period to the

network construction period, and the

corresponding market begins to take

shape. In 2004, the “3G in China” Glo-

bal Summit was held in Beijing,

China. At the summit, experts, op-

erators and manufacturers around the

world sat together to discuss the cur-

rent status and future of 3G. The

stable network construction, service

promotion, and development of sub-

scriber base and terminal suggest

that the 3G market begins to grow

up. The operators hope to offer more

services; the equipment manufactur-

ers hope to launch products that bet-

ter suit the market; and the users hope

to enjoy more abundant, high quality

services.

ZTE Corporation is not only the larg-

est listed telecommunications manu-

facturer in China, but also a leading

player in global CDMA technology. ZTE

offers a full set of 3G solutions, includ-

ing CDMA2000, WCDMA, and TD-

SCDMA. Among them, the CDMA

series products been widely used in

over 50 countries in Asia Pacific,

South Asia, Europe, South Africa,

North Africa, America, Middle East,

CIS, and so on. The wireless capac-

ity of ZTE CDMA equipment has ex-

ceeded 30 million lines, and accord-

ingly ZTE has become the biggest

CDMA equipment exporter in China.

As a leading brand in the global

CDMA equipment field, ZTE offers a

full range of proprietary CDMA

products, including base stations,

switches, and terminals. ZTE is able

to research, develop, and industrial-

ize the core of CDMA system. Dif-

ferentiated and customized solutions

and perfect customer services have

borne abundant fruits in the global

market. Based on ZTE's profound

knowledge and advantages in the

CDMA field, ZTE proprietary ZXC10

ZTE's CDMA2000 All-IP CN Products

ZTE TECHNOLOGIES04

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Page 7: ZTE Technology- Issue 70- ZTE 3G CDMA Solutions

will keep its leading position in the

CDMA2000 field.

ZTE CDMA2000 All-IP core network

product series (ZXC10-3GCN) is the

proprietary carrier-grade communica-

tion equipment developed by ZTE.

The system complies with 3GPP2

standards. Based on IP technology,

the system adopts advanced NGN

softswitch technology to separate

service from control and separate call

from bearer. The system offers the

CN functions of the CDMA2000 All-

IP system to the operators. It can

connect the IS-95, CDMA2000 1X,

C D M A 2 0 0 0 1 x E V - D O , a n d

CDMA2000 1xEV-DV base station

systems. It offers 3GPP2 standard-

compliant A/Ap interface between

access network and CN. It can also

interconnect with other CDMA2000

3G networks, NGN softswitch

networks, and PSTN. It is compat-

ible with the legacy 2G mobile net-

works (for example, TIA/EIA-41

network). As planned by the 3GPP2,

the LMSD will eventually evolve to

Multimedia Domain (MMD). Employ-

ing the advanced NGN softswitch

technology, the ZXC10-3GCN can

smoothly evolve to the MMD by us-

ing additional corresponding functional

network elements (NEs).

2 Advanced All-IPGeneral Carrier-grade Platform

ZTE CDMA2000 All-IP solution is a

total end-to-end CDMA2000 solution.

The CDMA2000 solution is based on

the proprietary ALL-IP general carrier-

grade platform of ZTE and open

standards. It is a real 3G solution. This

platform supports CDMA2000, TD-

SCDMA, WCDMA, and fixed-net-

work NGN. This flexible platform pro-

tects the current and future invest-

ment of the operators and helps re-

lease all the potentials of 3G tech-

nologies and services.

ZTE integrates multiple 3G technolo-

gies (for example, CDMA2000) on a

unified platform. This offers a flexible,

future-oriented 3G platform to the

operators. Being prospective, the

system employs standard and modu-

lar hardware and software design.

Different products are the combina-

tions of different software and hard-

ware modules, maximizing the share

of resources and technologies among

different products. Functional mod-

ules are added to the system to in-

dependent NEs or multi-service inte-

grated NEs.

The proprietary All-IP general carrier-

grade platform of ZTE helps to

modularize the products in CN and

Radio Access Network (RAN). It

takes both the CN and RAN into con-

sideration and ensures reuse of

technologies, unified interfaces, and

unified software support. In this way,

different application services can be

developed on the unified hardware

platform and unified software support,

making it easy for the operators to

build networks and launch various

featured services.

ZTE All-IP general carrier-grade plat-

form has the following advantages:

The general carrier-grade platform

is used to ensure the unified pro-

curement of spare parts and the

scale merit of production. This

enables ZTE to develop cost-

e f fec t i ve , compet i t i ve 3G

equipment.

The platform easies the build-

ing of CDMA2000, WCDMA, TD-

SCDMA, and f ixed-network

NGN networks. The nodes in the

system feature high reusability,

faci l i tat ing the management

and training and reducing the

backup cost.

The platform facilitates the inter-

connection and interworking be-

tween CDMA2000, WCDMA,

TD-SCDMA, and fixed NGN net-

works and reduces the limitation

ZTE TECHNOLOGIES 05

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Page 8: ZTE Technology- Issue 70- ZTE 3G CDMA Solutions

of services.

B e c a u s e o f s t a n d a r d s ,

applications, market and so on, it

is difficult for the operators to fore-

see the construction of future 3G

network. The general carrier-grade

platform helps to release the pres-

sure of the operators.

In the changing, growing and evolv-

ing business environment, ZTE All-

IP general carrier-grade platform en-

sures the flexible optimization of net-

work configuration, cost-effective

s u p p o r t f o r m u l t i p l e 3 G

t e c h n o l o g i e s , a n d t h e

interoperability of general services

and appl icat ions and mul t ip le

technologies. For the operators, this

platform is a future-oriented, effi-

cient business partner. After select-

ing this platform, the operators will

get advanced mobile technologies

and experience of ZTE, no matter

what technology is used.

3 Perfect QoS

The development of 3G technologies

will bring diversified services and

applications to the users. This re-

quires a higher QoS of the network

during the evolution. The QoS func-

tion is to regulate the traffic of differ-

ent services, customize correspond-

ing bandwidth for different services,

and smoothen the network traffic. It

intends to ensure the bandwidth, low

delay, and low packet loss rate of the

real-time services, improve the band-

width utilization rate, tailor the rate of

physical interfaces, and so on. To

solve the QoS problem with the net-

work is to reasonably use the limited

ZTE TECHNOLOGIES06

bandwidth and low operation and

management overhead to ensure the

QoS of the services transferred in the

network, while ensuring the advan-

tages of the connectionless transmis-

sion in the IP network. This ensures

the development of new services in

the IP network.

Differentiated Service (DiffServ) Mul-

tiple Protocol Label Switching has

drawn great attention in the industry

to offer a better QoS for IP network.

ZTE CDMA2000 All-IP system em-

ploys a top-down and end-to-end QoS

architecture, facilitating the imple-

mentation of better traffic manage-

ment policies.

The external network interface

board offers related QoS protocols

supported by external networks.

Sufficient bandwidth is reserved

for the internal network in the

system. That is to say, the sys-

tem reserves a redundant band-

width of 30%~40% while ensur-

ing the bandwidth for the full load.

The internal bandwidth of the sys-

tem (after the reasonable incre-

mental overhead is considered) is

always higher than the bandwidth

of the external interfaces.

The system offers perfect mecha-

nisms for load balance, traffic

measurement, and traffic control

to avoid Ethernet congestion in the

system.

The system adopts the MPLS

technology.

The system adopts the Diffserv

t e c h n o l o g y a n d s u p p o r t s

prioritization of up to 256K flows.

The system implements the

Diffserv edge node functions

(including the RSVP agent func-

tion to interwork with the IP

bearer services in the external

networks.

The QoS information about differ-

ent external traffic can be mapped

into internal traffic.

4 Abundant FeaturedServices

In the entire 3G industry chain, the

operators, equipment manufacturers,

terminal manufacturers, and service

providers form a team to promote the

development of 3G industry. As the

pioneers of 3G, NTT DoCoMo and

Hutchison launched 3G services sev-

eral years ago. However, at that time,

there were no abundant terminals,

coverage, services, or applications,

so the subscriber base grew slowly.

Now, the entire 3G industry chain has

been greatly improved. Multiple ter-

minal manufacturers (Motorola,

Nokia, and so on) have launched a

large number of 3G terminals; the

major mobile operators have de-

ployed 3G networks; and the major

equipment manufacturers have

launched 3G network equipment. It

is obvious that the provision of ad-

vanced 3G services has become the

key to the 3G industry chain. Only

abundant services and applications

can attract subscribers and enable the

3G industry to soar.

With deep understanding of mobile

communication system and rich ap-

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ZTE TECHNOLOGIES 07

plication experience, ZTE ensures the

technical advancement and stability

of ZXC10-3GCN and fully considers

the actual demands of the operators.

ZTE has been striving to explore and

develop various applications with the

operators. With rich application ex-

perience in global market and good

cooperation relationship with major

operators, ZTE has helped the opera-

tors in launching various featured

applications at the right time, includ-

ing 3G services such as location ser-

vice and streaming media service. In

addition to the services specified in

the related protocols, ZTE CDMA2000

All-IP CN products can also offer vari-

ous featured services according to the

requirements of the operators and the

network characteristics. The follow-

i ng t akes GoTa and GGG as

examples.

GoTa is the new generation of digital

trunking communication system de-

veloped by ZTE. It is based on the

CDMA technology. The GoTa digital

trunking communication system in-

tegrates public-network trunking and

professional scheduling. This im-

proves the overall competitiveness,

attracts more professional and social

trunking users, and increases the

operating revenue.

With a worldwide perfect marketing

and maintenance system, ZTE GoTa

has seen its commercial use in do-

mestic and overseas markets. In

December 2004, ZTE began to deploy

national GoTa digital trunking network

in Malaysia, which was the first na-

tionwide use of the proprietary Chi-

nese digital trunking system in the

overseas market. Besides, ZTE has

deployed GoTa networks in over ten

countries (Russia, Norway, Turkey,

Brazil, Thailand, Indonesia, Egypt,

Algeria, and so on) through coopera-

tion with local operators.

ZTE has launched GGG gateway

solution. ZXC10-FLR/AC (Foreign

Mode Location Register/Authentica-

tion Center) is the first GGG gateway

product launched by ZTE in the world.

This gateway product provides a spe-

cialized gateway between the GSM

and CDMA networks, with the core

NEs of GSM and CDMA networks

unchanged. It solves the problem

with the bi-directional roaming be-

tween GSM and CDMA networks. It

can offer all basic functions and some

special functions of the CDMA net-

work to GSM subscribers. It can also

offer all basic functions and some

special functions of the GSM network

to CDMA subscribers. The subscrib-

ers of the current network can use

the services of the two networks

without changing the subscriber

number, achieving the bi-directional

fusion. Currently, the ZXC10-FLR/

AUC has seen its successful appli-

cations in Asia, CIS, and America

markets.

5 Conclusion

As a leading player in supplying net-

work equipment, ZTE has been striv-

ing to research, develop, and pro-

mote 3G equipment for years. ZTE

CDMA2000 All-IP CN product series

(ZXC10-3GCN) is another knockout

product of ZTE. As the 3G industry

chain continuously improves, more

and more 3G services and applica-

tions will be offered, and more 3G

networks will be built. Being cus-

tomer-centered, ZTE will still act as

a pioneer of 3G technologies through

close cooperat ion with g loba l

operators. ZTE will launch more,

better products and service appli-

cation modes to meet the demands

of the customers, and will strive

to build strategic alliance with glo-

bal customers to bring 3G to a shin-

ing future!

(Chen Ji, Liu Shaoyong, Ma Qianli)

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Page 10: ZTE Technology- Issue 70- ZTE 3G CDMA Solutions

It has been ten years since 1995

when ZTE started its preliminary re-

search on CDMA technology, to the

large-scale commercial application of

over 30 million subscriber lines by

more than 80 operators in 50-odd

countries at present. In 2001, ZTE es-

tablished its “National CDMA brand

No.1”, and now it is striving to build

up its”Global CDMA brand No.1”.

Let’s look back how CDMA of ZTE

has traversed its way from the very

beginning to the current resplendence.

Episode 1: GrowthCourse

In 1995, pre-research on CDMA

technology was started;

At the end of 1998, R&D on large-

scale IS95 base station system

was started;

In March 2000, a complete IS95

system composed of base station

system, core network system and

so on was launched, and was ap-

plied in multiple provincial CDMA

WLL networks of China Telecom;

In 2001, ZTE was awarded via ten-

dering with a project of CDMA net-

works of China Unicom Phase I in

ten provinces and provincial-level

cities through tender, holding a

market share of nearly 8%, the

first of its kind in the domestically-

made mobile communication

system. Thanks to its outstanding

performance, ZTE held a much

larger market share in the subse-

quent Phase II and Phase III of the

project, untill the market share is

greater than 28% in 2005, thus be-

coming the mainstay of the home-

made CDMA equipment;

In the 1st quarter of 2001, trans-

mission of CDMA2000 1X sys-

tem voice, data and integrated

services was completed, repre-

senting a success of the R&D on

the CDMA2000 1X system;

In the 2nd quarter of 2001, ZTE

CDMA product appeared in the in-

ternational market for the first

time on behalf of the domesti-

cally-made CDMA equipment;

In October 2001, R&D on the

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO product was

started on a large-scale basis;

In June 2002, ZTE made a com-

plete set of its EV-DO equipment

exhibited in 3G World Congress

2002 (Hong Kong ) for the first time;

In March 2004, GoTa (Global Open

Trunking Architecture), the first

CDMA2000-based digital trunking

system in the world was released

by ZTE;

In June 2004, the CDMA2000

1xEV-DO product became capable

of offering delivery of large batches

and started its commercial appli-

cation in an all-around way;

In November 2004, in 3G World

Congress & Exhibition 2004 (Hong

Kong), ZTE released a complete

set of Al l - IP platform-based

“CDMA2000 1xEV-DO+1X Re-

lease A” integrated solutions the

globe over, which proved that ZTE

had been in the internationally

leading rank in the latest 3G

CDMA2000 field;

In March 2005, a strategic alliance

came into being between Alcatel

and ZTE, with ZTE complete set

of CDMA base station equipment

OEM for Alcatel;

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In May 2005, “ZTE CDMA Global

demo” was successfully initiated

in Oslo, Norway, and refined

CDMA2000 networks constructed

by ZTE will be presented in differ-

ent regions around the globe, em-

bodying that an internationalized

“CDMA Dragon” has been soaring.

Episode 2: CoreCompetitive Edge

What aspects does the core com-

petitive edge of CDMA of ZTE involve,

as a successful international brand?

Low cost: Large-scale production and

sales, continuous improvement of cost

and low labor cost ensure its low-cost

competition superiority; and the world-

wide localized R&D and production bases

invested by ZTE with generous fund, such

as those completed at the beginning of

this year in India and Pakistan, with lo-

cal employees used, help lower the cost

during the service process.

Continuous technical innovation:

Continuous technical innovation has

brought about abundant fruits. The

technical indexes of All-IP series

products launched by ZTE in 2004 are

still taking the lead up to now among

ZTE’s competitors in the industry. The

BSC that features the largest capac-

ity and data throughput in the CDMA

industry, super BTS that supports 120

carrier-sectors, macro base trans-

ceiver station with the highest

integrity, the most complete cell

station, the most flexible networking

solution, the first CDMA2000-based

digital trunking communication sys-

tem GoTa of a new generation around

the globe, the strategic alliance with

international communication tycoons

Alcatel and Nortel, a great number of

core patents, and the CDMA tech-

nologies that take the lead in the in-

dustry lay a firm foundation for ZTE’s

goal to “Strive to build up global

CDMA brand No. 1”.

All-service end-to-end solutions:

ZTE CDMA holds a superiority of pro-

viding the most complete package of

services in the industry, such as mo-

bile stream media service, location-

based service, Push To Talk (PTT)

service, GSM1X service, wireless PBX

service, EV-DO service, and short

message service, and characteristic

services can also be customized in

time to satisfy customers’ special

requirements, to help operators en-

hance their competitive edge by

means of service differentiator. ZTE

is in a position to provide a complete

set of base station system, core net-

work system and packet core net-

work system, and also high-, mid- and

low-end mobile phones and fixed

terminals, antenna feeder system,

optical transmission, microwave

transmission, BWA (Broadband Wire-

less Access) transmission, satellite

transmission, power and battery

system, solar energy system, and

even towers and shelters, etc., to

meet diversified requirements of dif-

ferent customers.

Good engineering and network

planning/optimization services:

ZTE boasts of a great number of pro-

fessional engineering and network

planning/optimization personnel, dis-

tributed in more than 60 countries and

regions, who have undergone as

many as hundred of large-scale

CDMA network projects, have a ac-

cumulated rich experiences in net-

work planning and optimization, and

have initially developed CDMA net-

work optimization system and various

network planning and optimization

software tools. What merits special

attention is ZTE’s presentation in the

construction of the network of China

Unicom serving 11 million subscriber

lines in 18 provinces of China, the ru-

ral network of BSNL in India serving

500,000 subscriber lines and the na-

tional rural network in Algeria, which

has eloquently proved the powerful en-

gineering capability of ZTE in under-

taking projects around the globe.

In addition, the CDMA team of ZTE is a

powerful team with true technologies. The

advanced processes ensure high effi-

ciency and quick response in R&D,

production, quality, pre-sales and after-

sales services, logistics systems and so

on. A powerful production capacity of

more than 15 million subscriber lines per

year; as many as nearly 2000 profes-

sional engaged in R&D, more than 1000

persons dedicated to pre-sales and af-

ter-sales technical support; a perfect and

healthy industrial chain; strategic partner-

ship with internationally celebrated

manufacturers; wide finance channels

and good relationships with the

government; all these form a competi-

tive edge for ZTE CDMA in its course

towards an internationally famous brand.

Episode 3: CommercialApplication

In 2001, the ZTE CDMA mobile com-

munication system got a project of

Ch ina Un icom CDMA for ten

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provinces, occupying a market share

of 7.55%, for the first time in the his-

tory of China mobile communication,

and representing the local manufac-

turers to enter the main stream sup-

plier rank of China Mobile market for

the first time. Because of its outstand-

ing presentation, ZTE held a much

larger market share in the subsequent

Phase II and Phase III of the project,

till a market share greater than 28%

in terms of CDMA main equipment,

which enter 18 provinces in 2005,

thus becoming one of the most im-

portant partners of China Unicom, the

second largest CDMA operator

around the globe.

CDMA is destined to become an im-

portant chess in ZTE’s international

strategy. Ever since 2001 when it

entered the market of Pakistan, em-

bodying the first landing in CDMA

internationalization, it has been less

than 4 years before it is accepted by

more than 80 operators in over 50

countries and regions. CDMA has

brought about for ZTE not only great

effect but also gorgeous economic

benefits, and ZTE is thus praised as

a communication equipment supplier

with the fastest growth in the world.

In 2003, ZTE was awarded via ten-

dering with a project of 500 thou-

sand-line agricultural network by

the largest fixed network opera-

tor BSNL in India, thus becoming

the first largest CDMA equipment

supplier for BSNL;

In 2003, ZTE was awarded via ten-

dering with a project of the national

agricultural network of Algeria

Telecom, which was then the larg-

est CDMA project in Africa;

In the beginning of 2004, ZTE was

awarded via tendering with a

project of 700 thousand-line net-

work by Indosat, Indonesia, cov-

ering Jakarta and other important

areas like Surabaya;

From 2003 to 2004, ZTE undertook

the 450MHz CDMA2000 1X net-

work of VPT in Viet Nam, cover-

ing Ho Chi Minh city and other 12

main provinces and cities; and in

2005 undertook the first 3G

CDMA2000 network of Viet Nam,

covering Ho Chi Minh city with a

population of 8 million;

In July 2005, ZTE undertook the

first CDMA2000 1X network of

G h a n a , A f r i c a , b y t h e

transnational operator Hutchison,

Hong Kong, representing the first

time for ZTE to enter partnership

with a celebrated transnational

operator;

Up to Ju l y 31 , 2005 , ZTE

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO system has

been successfully put in mass ap-

p l icat ion in as many as 15

countries.

Apart from the great success in the

main equipment of CDMA, ZTE has

obtained outstanding achievement in

the internat ional izat ion of the

CDMA2000 technology-based GoTa

digital trunking system, the first of its

kind around the globe. Since the Spring

of 2004 when ZTE successfully held

a press briefing on GoTa in Beijing, the

system has been put into mass ap-

plications by more than 20 operators

in 17 countries, among which are

Norway, Brazil, Egypt, Saudi Arabia

and Russia. In June 2005, it was the

first to pass the technical assessment

organized by the Ministry of Informa-

tion Industry of China; in July 2005, it

successful provided service to the

Sixth Asia-Europe Finance Ministers’

Meeting held in Tianjin, China.

Episode 4: Prospect

“A good sword is perfected in 10

years”, ZTE has spent 10 years to

build up the internationally celebrated

brand “ZTE CDMA”. In the winter of

telecommunications that has just

past, CDMA is a perfect presentation

of ZTE’s “Surpass at a turning”

theory and tactics, winning ZTE a

great deal of applause.

I n i t s n e w m a r c h t o w a r d

internationalization, ZTE will spare no

effort in striving to build up “Global

CDMA brand No. 1”; amid the vigor-

ous 3G CDMA2000 market competi-

tion around the globe, ZTE will con-

t inuously present i ts powerful

strength and will harvest further

successes.

As a domestical ly-made digital

trunking system with the widest appli-

cation scope and the greatest success,

supported by a mature industry chain

and industry alliance, it will not be long

before the GoTa system becomes a

digital trunking technology of the inter-

national main stream.

Let’s witness and feel the new bril-

liance of ZTE CDMA and GoTa in the

forthcoming global arenas: PT/Wireless

& Networks Comm China 2005

(Beijing) and ITU TELECOM AMERI-

CAS 2005 in Brazil in October, 3G World

Congress & Exhibition 2005 in Hong

Kong and world summit on informa-

tion society in Tunis.

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ZTE TECHNOLOGIES 11

Innovations Drive GoTa Growth

GoTa is the world’s first CDMA-based

digital trunking system developed by

ZTE. In comparison with the two digital

trunking technologies TETRA and iDEN,

which are frequently seen in the inter-

national market at present, the GoTa sys-

tem that is based on the 3G mobile com-

munication technology shows an obvi-

ous superiority. It provides perfect pro-

fessional trunking functions, satisfying

requirements of both private and public

trunking network applications, and also

allows integration with value-added ser-

vices and more functions, hence more

attractive to customers. In addition,

GoTa features a good industry alliance,

low cost of the system and terminals,

less investment, quicker effects and

lower operation cost. As a result, GoTa

is a digital trunking technology that fea-

tures both the most advanced technol-

ogy and competitive edge and potential

market share internationally at present.

The reason why GoTa is called a new

sharp weapon in the field of trunking

technology is that not only it applies

the CDMA technology in the trunking

field, but also it makes innovation in

an all-around manner from system to

terminal, from service to application

and from architecture to alliance.

Innovation 1: World’sfirst CDMA-basedprofessional trunkingtechnology

The greatest technical innovation of GoTa

is its professional trunking functions on

the basis of the CDMA technology. Why

does ZTE adopt the CDMA technology

to deliver trunking functions?

Firstly, the CDMA2000 platform is

currently the most mature and most

widely applied 3G mobile communi-

cation technology. The high spectrum

utilization of the CDMA technology

will ensure larger network capacity

and wider network coverage with the

same spectrum bandwidth, allowing

more economical and more effective

network construction for operators.

High-rate bandwidth supports smooth

evolution to the next generation

networks. The CDMA-based GoTa is

different from the traditional trunking

so lu t i ons , f o r i ns t ance , f as t

connection, which has been short-

ened to within 1 second; service

channels can be shared, so that in

case of a group call, no matter how

many subscribers there are in the

group, they can share one channel.

In addition, trunking subscribers are

provided with priorities, and this is

different from the common mobile

communication system.

The ZTE GoTa technology solves the

problems that must be solved in ap-

plying the CDMA technology to the

professional trunking, and provides

the first solution for CDMA profes-

sional trunking communication in the

world, of which as many as a hun-

dred of technologies and services

have been applied for core technol-

ogy patents. This innovation will pave

the way for the development of GoTa.

Innovation 2: Basedon IP packettechnology, adaptingto the future trendof development

GoTa features innovation on the origi-

nal digital trunking architecture. The

original digital trunking employs cir-

cuit switching mode; but with the

evolution of networks to the next gen-

eration networks, IP packet will be

selected for future development.

GoTa takes the lead in using the IP

packet technology to offer a relatively

independent PTT dispatching system

that provides easy management and

unified interfaces, and meets the de-

velopment trend of communication

technologies.

Innovation 3:Powerful extendedservices, andcustomized solutions

The original digital trunking provides

only one type of group call, namely,

the traditional trunking call. In the tra-

ditional trunking call, there is actually

no information interaction between the

system and a subscriber, so it is diffi-

cult to deliver extended services. GoTa

provides an enhanced trunking call

mode on the basis of the traditional

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trunking call service. This is another

innovation of GoTa. Featuring power-

ful interaction, this enhanced group call

mode allows real-time monitoring of

each subscriber state, thus ensuring

service reliability and extensibility, and

providing many new functions such

as online state query, LBS (Location-

Based Service) and FCN (Fail Call

Notice) and floor queue.

With the evolution from private net-

works to public networks, many en-

terprise users and fleet users hope that

they may possess a virtual network

management function. To satisfy this

requirement, GoTa provides a flexible

secondary development platform for

industry application, so that operators

may be satisfied with private network

management and differential services

in future development.

GoTa provides a completely new per-

spective for the service application

in the trunking field, realizing perfect

integration of multiple value-added

services such as voice, images, data

and location, meeting the ever-in-

creasing service requirements of dif-

ferent subscribers, and allowing op-

erators wider application spaces for

greater benefit and value.

Innovation 4:Establishing amature industryalliance from systemto terminal

GoTa is a new system introduced in

the trunking field. How it would be

grown and developed would largely

rely on a healthy and favorable indus-

try alliance at the beginning of its

development. With this in mind, ZTE

spared no effort to promote the de-

velopment of a GoTa industry alliance

while intensely promoting the appli-

cation of GoTa around the globe. Now

the entire industry chain involves

equipment manufacturers, industry

application solution providers, content

and service providers, and network

operators in the industry.

In terms of system industrialization,

ZTE has concluded agreements on

technical partnership with system

equipment manufacturers such as

Nortel, Saige, Capitalcom, commit-

ting “Standard and specifications

opening to each other”, to form a

system equipment industry alliance.

Up to now, there have been instances

of GoTa trunking systems developed

by some manufacturers via using the

standards and specifications of the

GoTa trunking system.

In terms of terminal industrialization, ZTE

possesses its own GoTa series

terminals, and also enters cooperation

with terminal manufacturers such as

SouthTec, Guanri, Youth Network,

Hengxin, etc., so that delivery of termi-

nal products and products in series can

b e e n s u r e d f r o m m u l t i p l e

manufacturers. Currently manufacturers

of the alliance have launched tens of

GoTa trunking terminals that may sat-

isfy requirements of high-, mid- and low-

end users, involving common GoTa mo-

bile phone, bar-type mobile phone with

three-proof functions (water-proof, dust-

proof and shock-proof), vehicle-mounted

station, DTU (Data Transmission Unit)

and wireless modem card.

As to service platform, ZTE has estab-

lished partnership with over 100 value-

added service SPs and industry appli-

cation integrators, launching multiple

practical GoTa services, such as LBS,

multi-ISP access support, making it

possible for operators to quickly enter

the market and generate profits.

Attention should be drawn to such a

fact that the ever-growing GoTa in-

dustry alliance is promoting the birth

of a new standard of digital trunking

technology of the global main stream.

It is just innovation taken by GoTa as

the impetus to its development since

its beginning, and innovation embod-

ied in continuous research on the de-

velopment of the future technologies,

in continuous tracing on market

requirements, in continuous pursuit for

greater development space for

operators, in continuous efforts to sat-

isfy users’ requirements for differen-

tial services that GoTa received ac-

tive response once it was launched.

In China, as early as in 2003, ZTE en-

tered cooperation with China Railcom

and China Satcom.

At present, commercial trial networks

have been set up in Shenyang,

Changchun, Tianjin and Jinan. In the

meantime, the international market

is also an arena for GoTa to present

itself. In 2004, GoTa was put into

commercial applications in Russia

and Malaysia respectively; later, GoTa

marched into Europe, the utmost

core of digital trunking-cooperation

with operator NMAB, Norway, and

deployment of digital trunking net-

works in Sweden and Finland, ush-

ering digital trunking technology of the

new generation into Europe. In

addition, ZTE has cooperated with

operators of over a dozen of coun-

tries such as Brazil, Turkey, Egypt,

and India to deploy GoTa networks.

We may be safe to predict that, with

upgrading of the global digital trunking

system, GoTa will be further and quicker

developed, and will rank first in the digi-

tal trunking field.

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ZTE TECHNOLOGIES 13

In 3G, ATM will be replaced by All-

IP, which is determined by the supe-

riority of the All-IP technology and

industrialization. In terms of external

interfaces, the All-IP interface proto-

col stack is different from IPoA. The

All-IP protocol features higher effi-

ciency and easier networking. In

terms of internal architecture, All-IP

is also quite different from ATM. The

internal architecture of All-IP shows

obvious superiority in its throughput,

industrialization and networking

flexibility. CDMA2000 of ZTE is a real

All-IP product, as it externally pro-

vides All-IP interfaces as well as the

traditional interfaces; while internally,

since it is based on the All-IP switch-

ing architecture, it is in a position to

better and faster construct customer-

oriented large-capacity networks.

1. What is All-IP

Earlier, ATM was first selected as a

network technical standard for 3G,

because ATM was considered as

being superior in ensuring higher QoS

when it comes to coexistence of

voice and data services.

With the progress of IP technology,

however, the IP-based QoS technol-

ogy development and the rapid en-

hancement of IP bandwidth have

brought about fundamental change to

the situation. The superiority of IP,

which features wider foundation of

application, is getting more and more

explicit. 3GPP and 3GPP2 have

worked out procedures for evolution

to IP respectively. The reason why

“All” is emphasized in All-IP is to give

prominence to its completeness,

while ATM will be put aside gradu-

ally to fade out in the end. There is

no doubt about th is now. For

example, the evolution of 3GPP from

R99 and R4 to R5/R6 is just an obvi-

ous process of evolution from ATM

to IP. 3GPP2 has defined a process

of evolution to All-IP in four phases,

so as to realize all-around IP imple-

mentation from CN and RAN to

terminals; meanwhile, IP transport

technology is selected for WiFi and

WiMAX networks at the very begin-

ning of their definition, and All-IP net-

works complying with 3G are real-

ized via multimedia services over IP.

All-IP in 3G is recognized as an inevi-

table trend, but as to what All-IP is,

there may be different answers.

Some people hold that All-IP is simul-

taneous IP implementation of all NEs,

while some other people hold that All-

IP is just IMS. Actually, however,

these views are somewhat one-

sided. Viewed from the intention of

the industry in promoting All-IP in 3G,

All-IP products have the following

features:

1. An IP interface is used between

two NEs, giving prominence to “All”

IP, in a bid to exclude any hybrid pro-

tocol whose functions are overlapped

with those of IP, such as IP over ATM.

2. The network architecture is in com-

pliance with the requirement of

3GPP2 All-IP NAM.

3. The internal architecture is based

on IP, to meet the requirement of NE

splitting.

In the 3GPP and 3GPP2 standards,

procedure of evolution to All-IP by

phases is clearly specified, with an

All-IP in CDMA2000

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ZTE TECHNOLOGIES14

construction, it will be of much ben-

eficial to upgrade NEs with mature

conditions as early as possible. It is

especially recommended to select

RAN of All-IP architecture for network

construction as early as possible.

This is because RAN occupies the

greatest portion of the investment in

the entire network, so construction

of All-IP RAN at one go will save a

great deal of cost for upgrade in the

future, hence saving investment.

Besides, the geographic locations of

base stations in RAN are dispersed,

causing complex upgrade, and the

upgrade will become more complex

or even inoperable if it is left to be

implemented after the network con-

struction with non-All-IP RAN used.

2 Difference inExternal Interfacesbetween All-IP andOther Technologies

Products based on ATM architecture

can also provide IP interfaces, but on

some important interface types (such

as Abis/Iub), the mode of IP over

ATM is still mostly used. This is

greatly different from a real All-IP

interface. In case of All-IP Abis

interface, if the physical medium is

E1/T1/SDH, the protocol stack used

is generally: IP/cUDP/PPPMux/PPP

Multilink/Phy, and if the physical

medium is an Ethernet, the protocol

ultimate aim of bearing all the ser-

vices over IMS. But, since IMS is only

an overlap domain on the All-IP

network, imposing no influence on the

packet domain, circuit domain or tra-

ditional domain, so IMS is not a nec-

essary prerequisite for All-IP, and

whether IMS exists will not prevent

the packet domain and circuit domain

from becoming an IP network.

The 3GPP2 All-IP architecture stan-

dard stipulates that, as a foundation

for the existence of an All-IP network,

3GPP2 will permit evolution of a part

of the network, the access network

for example, to All-IP first, instead of

the entire network. In the meantime,

according to the principle of forcible

downward compatibility, if any new

All-IP NE is added in the Legacy

network, the All-IP NE must support

interconnection with it via a Legacy

interface.

For instance, RAN and CN must be

capable of independently evolving to

All-IP, that is, All-IP RAN should sup-

port interconnection both with All-IP

CN and with Legacy CN, likewise,

All-IP CN should be interconnected

with All-IP RAN and with Legacy RAN

as well.

In the initial phase of All-IP evolution,

a part of the external interfaces do

not use IP yet. Seemingly, All-IP su-

periority is lost, but actually it is not

t h e c a s e . D u r i n g n e t w o r k

stack will be IP/UDP/Ethernet. These

are basic protocol types the existent

IP network router supports, so they

can easily be integrated into the ex-

istent IP network. But the IP over

ATM protocol is generally IP/AAL5/

ATM, and the link layer still relies on

ATM, but devices on the existent IP

network generally do not support the

above protocols.

In respect of reference model of pro-

tocol stack, IP and ATM are respec-

tively network layer and link layer, but

the two feature overlap in many

aspects. For example, either of them

has its own independent addressing,

while using completely different

switching or routing mechanism; in

link establishment, they also have

their own independent mechanism.

These mechanisms are replaceable

to each other. As a result, the most

direct disadvantage brought about by

IP over ATM is low efficiency.

In terms of efficiency, IP is previously

considered as low efficiency, so it is

not suitable for 3G voice services that

mainly feature short packets, but the

newly developed IP transport proto-

col has made th is completely

changed. E1/T1 transport is mostly

sensitive to efficiency; comparison

between E1/T1 transport protocol IP/

MP/E1 and AAL/ATM/IMA/E1 shows

that IP transport protocol is more ef-

ficient than ATM by 10%~30%, and

the superiority is getting more and

more obvious with higher ratio of data

subscribers. IP transport is better in

both delay and reliability. The main

reason is that ATM uses cells of fixed

length, so that the transport granular-

ity is thin, while IP uses cells of vari-

Fig.1 RAN and CN can Be Migrated to All IP in Different Time

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ZTE TECHNOLOGIES 15

able lengths, allowing thick transport

granularity. The feature of cells the

fixed length ATM possesses is not

only an advantage, but a lso a

disadvantage, because its multiplex-

ing convergence ratio is low, while

the multiplexing convergence ratio of

IP can be great for it uses packets of

variable length, and its efficiency may

become higher if compression of

packet headers is implemented.

3 Difference inInternal Architecturebetween All-IP andOther Technologies

If external interface type is some-

thing superficial, the internal archi-

tecture of the product is the

essence. The main feature of a prod-

uct based on the All-IP architecture

is that it internally uses IP packet

switching, and the internal process-

ing unit is also based on IP packet,

while in a product based on ATM

architecture, the ATM switch is the

core, and the intra-NE processing unit

will also have to process ATM cells.

Even if their external interfaces are

the same, products of the two archi-

tectures are greatly different from

each other:

1. Products of All-IP architecture fea-

ture simple processing procedure and

high efficiency, whereas products of

ATM architecture involve complex

processing procedure and low

efficiency.

2. That the All-IP switching capacity

is large mainly comes from the su-

periority of low cost of IP; in other

words, the high throughput is obtained

at low cost. In comparison, expan-

sion of ATM switch will cost a great

deal. As more and more services will

run on the same network, redundancy

of switching capacity will become

even more important, so that more

services of greater bandwidth can be

provided, and better QoS can be

ensured. For some NEs, such as

BSC/RNC, the greater their capacity

a n d t h e l e s s i n t e r - n e t w o r k

switchover, the better radio network

quality will be.

3. With the NGN concept of separa-

tion of control from bearer, separa-

tion of services from network and

separation of access from the core

network introduced into 3G, there will

be a trend in network construction:

Each NE will become much smaller,

there will be more and more NE

types, and All-IP interfaces will be

used between any two NEs. Only the

use of IP architecture within NEs will

be able to adapt to this change of

situation, and to satisfy requirements

of multiple NEs under the circum-

stance of the same architecture.

4 Others Superioritiesof All-IP

IP boasts of obvious technical su-

periority over ATM, and this is the

reason why 3GPP/3GPP2/B3G takes

All-IP as an NGN technology in sub-

stitution for ATM. Besides, All-IP still

shows the fol lowing technical

superiorities:

1. ATM does not support broadcast,

but uses multiple unicasts to realize

its broadcast service. It is predicted

mobile broadcast service will occupy

a most important position in the

future, so the waste of bandwidth

resulted from ATM-based transport

will be a serious problem.

2. IP is capable of easily performing

high-bandwidth transport, hence di-

rectly improving QoS, whereas ATM

costs a great deal in expansion of its

bandwidth. Besides, some new tech-

nologies will greatly improve IP QoS.

3. IP has a far better industrial foun-

dation than ATM. With the evolution

of All-IP, the industry chain and value

chain of ATM will gradually be weak-

ened till no support from the industry

chain in the future. At present, all

standardization organizations have

stopped standardizing ATM; risk of

ATM-based technologies will be-

come greater and greater in the

future.

5 ZTE CDMA2000All-IP Solutions

As an active advocator of 3G All-IP,

ZTE has constructed a unified All-IP

architecture of core network, RNC/

BSC and Node B/BTS long before, so

ZTE is one of the manufacturers in

the industry that have first developed

an All-IP mobile communication

platform.

The CDMA2000 product of ZTE is in-

t e rna l l y based on the A l l - I P

technology, and all NEs are capable

of IP-based communication. Abis in-

terface is also based on the IP

transport, supporting IP over E1/T1,

IP over SDH, IP over Ethernet and so

on; and between BSS and CN, IOS

5.0-based Ap interface is used.

Therefore, the CDMA2000 product of

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ZTE is a real All-IP product.

Since the CDMA2000 product of ZTE

is a l ready A l l - IP i n te rms o f

architecture, so the communication

equipment of ZTE will retain the same

architecture from the core network to

the access network, no matter to

what phase it is evolved, even to the

final phase of IP multimedia domain

or the traditional MS domain integrity,

so as to protect the investment of

operators to the maximum extent.

Besides, the All-IP design offers great

f l e x i b i l i t y f o r n e t w o r k i n g ,

transmission, management and

maintenance.

In addition, on the basis of All-IP

architecture, ZTE has also launched

a number of advanced technologies,

such as “Super BTS”, “Radio fre-

quency ring networking”, “High-ex-

tent channel share”, greatly in-

creasing the integrity and support-

ing multiple flexible networking

modes. It also boasts of a com-

pletely built-in base station (built-in

t ransmiss ion, bu i l t - in pr imary

power, built-in monitoring) that is

rare in the industry, which is BSS

of the largest capacity and BSS of

the highest integrity known in the

industry at present. Meanwhile, A

interface will be very convenient to

be upgraded to All-IP interface, with

Legacy interface supported. In a

word, the CDMA2000 All-IP prod-

uct of ZTE provides a most competi-

tive integrated solution, which will

satisfy requirements of networks

being evolved to 3G.

(Xiang Jiying, Xiao Rongjian

and Yang Zhaohui)

1 Overview

The construction of 3G network is

upcoming. While the question of pro-

visioning 3G service early or later is

still experiencing fierce discussions

in the industry, a common ground has

been found on the way to the suc-

cess of 3G, such as services, con-

tents and subscriber attraction. The

success of a service in the market

does not merely rely on advanced and

perfect technologies. What is more

important is to build a perfect indus-

try chain through market planning and

marketing. Many successful services

and the unfavorable services have

proved it.

As a shining point in 3G services, the

multimedia service brings direct vi-

sual impression to subscribers.

Therefore the multimedia will shine

in the future. It is considered one of

the “heavyweight” services in the fu-

ture 3G network, even as favorable

as SMS, the “killer” in 2G services.

2 Expectation of theMultimediaService Operation

1. Analysis of the Commercial

Value Chain

As the network and operation modes

change, the value chain of mobile

communication industry will also ex-

perience a revolutionary change and

Multimedia Service Operationand Its Suggestions

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will become similar to the value chain

in the data communication industry.

In the age of traditional 2G mobile

communication, the voice traffic ac-

counts for the largest portion of the

total traffic, and the largest portion of

operation revenue comes from voice

services. 100% of the operation rev-

enue of the mobile communication

sys tem i s t aken by ne twork

operators. As an exceptional case,

the service providers (SPs) in Europe

have achieved a certain development.

The SP gets some benefits from the

network operator as a brand distribu-

tor of the later.

In the era of 3G, data service will

gradually become the major source Fig.1 Relationships between the roles in the value chain of 3G service

of revenue. For data service, the

mobile communication infrastructure

is usually used to transfer and carry

subscriber data. If no data commu-

nication network is built over the 3G

network to offer diversified applica-

t ion serv ices and informat ion

contents, the bearer of 3G network

will become meaningless.

The value chain of the 3G is much

more complex than that of 2G. Due

to the combination of the mobile and

data networks and the maturity and

further fragmentation of market, a

batch of new roles are added to the

value chain of 3G service.

The service chain of 3G service com-

prises the following roles:

Mobile operator

Terminal supplier

Application Provider /Content Pro-

vider (AP/CP)

Subscriber

Equipment/software provider

Fig.1 shows their relationships.

A perfect value chain is the major

condition for the success of an

operator. In the future, the competi-

tion in the mobile market will be in-

creasingly fierce. How to stand in

such a competitive market? The ser-

vice model of 3G is much more than

that of 2G, and it is impossible for

the operator to offer all-around ser-

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ZTE TECHNOLOGIES18

vices to the subscribers. A problem

with any stage of the value chain will

have negative influence on the opera-

tion results of the services. Therefore,

it is very important for operators to

fully understand the whole 3G service

value chain and their position in the

value chain.

At the early stage of the 3G service,

the mobile network operator becomes

the core role of the value chain, and

leads the development and promo-

tion of the whole service market. In

the market competition, the network

operators having exclusive control

over the market build a relatively

stable value chain together with

many APs, CPs, and termina l

suppliers. However, the subscriber

base is small in this phase, and the

big preliminary investment is required,

but not abundant proceeds will be

gained. In this phase, the major pur-

pose is to capture the market and cul-

tivate consumers. In general, the ser-

vices are offered to the market by

using a unified brand of the operator,

aiming to build the brand image

through market propaganda.

In the growth period, the network

operators still take the leading posi-

tion in the value chain. They provide

unified wireless access and network

bearer services for the APs/CPs and

end users. The target market begins

to accept the mobile data service

mode, and the subscribers become

increasingly dependent on the mo-

bile data service. In addition to per-

fecting the QoS of the network, the

network operators also make deep

market research and analysis. They

research new services together with

the APs/CPs to offer increasing

abundant services over the network

and improve the brand continuously.

They begin to loose their control over

the brands and allow the APs/CPs

to build a certain brands, thus gradu-

a l l y fo rming the compet i t i ve

situation.

In the maturity period, the network

capability is greatly improved, and the

mobi le and data serv ices are

integrated, so abundant new services

are derived. Besides, the mobile com-

munication services become increas-

ingly personalized. The original ser-

vice mode in which the network op-

erators or equipment manufacturers

offer services can no longer meet the

subscribers' demands. The subscrib-

ers' demand for fast, personalized,

and diversified services inevitably

leads to an open service system, and

more roles are required to participate

in the value chain to offer more and

better value-added services to the

subscribers. The AP/CP becomes the

center of the value chain, and the

network operator is required to ensure

the stability, QoS and capacity of the

network. The subscriber market

matures, and the market penetration

reaches a high degree.

2. Brand Strategy of Carriers

The operation in any industry will

evolve to the high competitive stage

of brand operation. Brand operation

is the lasting competitive advantage

of the telecom operator. A success-

ful brand operation help to effectively

reduce the marketing cost of the

ope ra to r , w in l oya l t y o f t he

subscribers, and face the market

competition. The fact that China Mo-

bile and China Unicom frequently

advertise on TV and panel media

proves that brand building is very

important to the promotion and de-

velopment of telecom services.

Of course, it is impossible to build

the brand of a service or product

through advertisement bomb only.

These factors are also keys to the

promotion of a service: abundant ser-

v ice contents, perfect service

support, perfect and reasonable ser-

v ice management, reasonable

charge policy, enthusiasm of the CP/

SP, and so on. Therefore, the build-

ing of a brand is a stepwise process.

Some simple suggestions are given

below for reference.

Use the success modes of SMS

and Color Ring Back Tone (CRBT)

for reference to enlarge subscriber

scale and increase the utilization

rate of multimedia services. Of-

fer free trial to the subscribers.

Offer abundant multimedia con-

tents and applications to form a

virtuous between subscribers and

applications. Offer an open ser-

vice platform for building a unified

nationwide brand.

Understand the risks in the con-

tent operation, draw lessons from

the previous operation, and

strengthen the management on

SP and contents.

Build competitive differentiators.

The China Mobile's practice in pro-

moting the ”M-Zone” brand

proves that the SMS has a big

market demand among the young

people of 16-25 years old, which

has a far-reaching meaning in cul-

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ZTE TECHNOLOGIES 19

t i v a t i n g f u t u r e h i g h - e n d

subscribers.

3. Role of CP/SP

The role of CP/SP is a problem that

needs to be clarified for the deployment

of multimedia services. It is also the

weak link in the service chain value.

Currently, during the deployment of

domestic value-added services, an

SP also acts as a CP. In other words,

the SP develops and offers applica-

tions and contents. In this case, the

CP becomes the dependency of the

SP and loses independent position in

the value chain. The causes of this

problem are very complicated. The

root cause for the loss of CP is that

the service contents are actually free,

which results in the loss of the eco-

nomic base of the CP existence.

In addition, since the value of the

contents is not embodied, the CP

becomes inactive. This results in the

lack of contents and makes the ser-

v i c e l e s s a t t r a c t i v e t o t h e

subscribers. In this case, it is fore-

seeable that it will be even more dif-

ficult to offset the loss due to free

contents with the profit of the SP.

The value of the CP shall be clearly

embodied and protected.

When the service evolves to a cer-

tain phase, the position and impor-

tance of the CP/SP will become higher

and higher in the service value chain.

After that, the focus will be on how

to manage and assess the CPs/SPs

in a unified manner to integrate them

into the va lue cha in for jo int

development.

The following describes the neces-

sity of managing and assessing CP/

SP by tak ing the SMS as an

example. Currently, the “Monternet”

of China Mobile involves nearly 1000

SPs. In early August 2003, China

Mobile (Beijing) cooperated with 15

SPs, and a large number of new SPs

applied for the cooperation. In this

case, the SP market achieved great

development, and the good SPs and

evil ones are mixed up. The most

serious problem is the charge pitfall.

According to the statistics from the

China Consumer's Association, the

complaints about SMS in 2003 was

over twice the number in 2002, and

most of the complaints are rel-

evant to charge pitfall. This is be-

cause that the telecom operators

have not performed strict manage-

ment on the SPs.

The multimedia service also re-

quires a large number of CPs/SPs

to participate in the value chain to

offer abundant attractive contents,

so the problems with the SMS shall

also be highlighted during the mul-

timedia service.

Therefore, telecom operators need to

strengthen control over the service

provision and charging process of the

SP, and properly handle the relation-

ship between the punishment on the

SP and the sound development of the

value chain, which are the important

tasks for strengthening the eco-envi-

ronment dominated by the telecom

operators.

4. A Way to Offer Sufficient

Terminals for Service Provision

During the current service provision

process, most of the operators reflect

that the terminal support for the ser-

vice is insufficient. This is one of the

key problems with the service provi-

sion process.

The following takes the CDMA Loca-

tion Star service of China Unicom as

an example. The operator finds that

only 15% of the CDMA terminal types

available in the market support the

Location Star service. It is obvious

that a subscriber has a very low prob-

ability of selecting a terminal with the

location function with the price con-

sidered (in general only a high-end

terminal has the location function). In

this case, only a few subscribers can

use the Location Star service. This

proves that terminal is critical to ser-

vice provision!

The operators are recommended to

participate in the production of the

terminals by presenting demands and

function points, that is, terminal

customization. Fortunately, this prob-

lem has drawn attention from the

operators, which have established

their own terminal customization and

procurement companies.

3 Suggestions on theMultimedia ServiceOperation for Carriers

In the current telecom service op-

eration environment, the telecom

operators are required to build and

manage industry chain because of

either their need or external physi-

cal condition. However, it is hard

to build a healthy and prospective

industry chain only through the ef-

forts of the operators. The indus-

try chain can achieve effective and

healthy development only when

the enthusiasm and power of each

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l i nk in the indust ry cha in a re

mobilized.

Thanks to the active promotion of

the operators, the preliminary model

of the industry chain required for the

development of multimedia service

has been formed, but many efforts

are still required to make it healthy

and effective. Owning to the lead-

ing position of the operators in the

industry chain, many CPs/SPs have

participated in the corresponding

link in the industry chain. But only

a few CPs/SPs play the positive

role, this is closely related to the

management idea of the operators

in the industry chain.

If the operators perform too strict

management on the industry chain,

the CPs/SPs will have a small devel-

opment space, and they will become

less enthusiastic, and the industry

chain become less elastic. In this

case, the CPs/SPs primarily provide

contents, though they form an impor-

tant or even key link in the industry

chain. Besides, it is difficult for the

CPs/SPs to get key data such as the

use times and environment of the

contents and the favorites of the

subscribers. This closes the commu-

nication channel between the CPs/

SPs and the subscribers and greatly

affects the enthusiasm of the CPs/

SPs. This is essentially different from

the prosperous CP/SP SMS in the age

of 2G.

On the contrary, if the operators per-

form too loose management on the

industry chain. This may result in lack

of a role maintaining the industry

chain, and the development of each

link will be out of control. We still take

the SMS SP service in the age of 2G

as an example. The negative effect

exerted in the early development

stage of the SMS SP service almost

destroys the currently vigorous

industry. Fortunately, the operators

made timely adjustment and planned

well the development and manage-

ment modes of the industry chain and

played the leading role.

According to the above analysis,

there is no doubt that the operators

play a leading role in the industry

chain. However, in the upcoming

multimedia service, the major prob-

lem of the operators is how to rea-

sonably play the leading role under

the law of market economy to pro-

mote the development of the industry,

increase APRU, and cultivate a batch

of powerful CPs/SPs.

The following are our suggestions on

the roles in the upcoming industry

chain of 3G multimedia service.

The operators positively and rea-

sonably playing the leading role.

They provide a powerful manage-

ment support platform and build

a reasonable industry chain. While

promoting their own multimedia

service brands, the operators

should also allow the powerful

CPs to promote brands, to make

the later enthusiastic in service

provision. It is impossible for the

operators to play multiple roles in

the upcoming multimedia service.

The contents should be provided

and fragmentized by CPs. In

addition, the work of each role in

the industry chain of the multime-

dia service is definite. The respon-

sibilities of the operators are to

offer reasonable, transparent op-

eration and maintenance plat-

forms (charging, settlement,

measurement, analysis, and so

on) for the numerous CPs and to

offer satisfactory service experi-

ence to end users.

CP is an indispensable and key

role in the industry chain of the

multimedia service. The opera-

tors are required to understand

the position of the CP. According

to the NTT DoCoMo's success

experience of 3G service, it is

very important for the operators

to respect the CPs and attach im-

portance to them. The NTT

DoCoMo respected the CPs, of-

fered definite profit allocation

mode to them, and accepted

many reasonable proposals from

them. This greatly mobilized the

CPs enthus iasm in serv ice

provision. As a result, several

thousand CPs participated in ser-

vice provision during a very short

period of time.

To stimulate the enthusiasm of

the CPs, the operators should al-

low the CPs to reasonably par-

ticipate in the whole service

process, for example, download

s t a t i s t i c s , t r a n s p a r e n t

s e t t l e m e n t , j o i n t s e r v i c e

promotion, and user experience

investigation. The CPs should

also have a certain right to se-

lect services. The operators should

negotiate the service provision

with the CPs instead of determin-

ing it solely.

(Feng Jun)

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Vietnam Telecom market is now a

place of spectacular competitions

among CDMA operators and GSM

operators.The introduction of CDMA

services has attracted subscribers’

attention with the highlighted charac-

teristics but still in the process to

solve many typical problems. It’s

considered as potentiality to give out

more attractive services. The highly

business-effective solutions such as

wide coverage solution, GoTa solu-

tion and EV-DO solution, are proposed

by ZTE based on the advanced 3G

ALL IP platform.

1 CDMA Applicationin Vietnam

Launching services in 2003, Saigon

Postel cooperates with Korean part-

ners (formed Sfone) became the first

operator in Vietnam using CDMA

technology. The market seems hot-

ter by psychological comparison in

term of users, by services and tariff

race at operators’ side. It’s the first

step to ruin the monopoly power in

Vietnam Telecom market generally

and mobile communication service

in particular. In addition, VP Telecom

and Hanoi Te lecom, two new

operators, chose CDMA as well to

build up their network and to make

balance between 2 lines of mobile

communication technology CDMA

and GSM. The point is just which line

can emerge to win the market.

Currently, Sfone is providing the ba-

sic services such as voice, SMS,

fax, WIN services (e.g. CRBT, pre-

paid service). Wireless Internet ac-

cess service was trialed freely in a

short time and it was appreciated by

users - convenience, mobility, and

the acceptable connection speed.

WAP services are in plan with some

application such as picture download,

web browsing, karaoke, game, etc.,

strongly attracting high end users and

the youth especially.

VP Telecom is more careful to pre-

pare the network quite completely

with many kinds of services and cov-

erage before officially putting services

into operation. Among operators, VP

Telecom is quite advantageous as

infrastructure, existing national wide

transmission core network. Services

strategy was set up right from the

initial phase and to date, the support-

able capability of system is available

not only for basic service but also

focus on value added applications. It

seems the large range of utilities is

looking forward to being commercial.

CDMA line of mobile communication

in Vietnam may be reinforced by the

participation of Hanoi Telecom. The

huge plan of the Business Coopera-

t ion with Hong Kong operator,

Hutchison, immediately fosters other

CDMA and GSM operators, speed-

ing up their business plan. It is ex-

CDMA Applications in Vietnamand the Potential Proposals

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pected to be new choice of users by

the end of 2005.

All CDMA operators are endeavoring

to make full use of technology

advantages, which would quickly bring

them to be equal in term of service

availability. Two GSM veteran networks

of VNPT, Vinaphone and Mobifone,

account for nearly 90% market share

with over 3.5 million subscribers while

Viettel Mobile GSM subscribers and

Sfone CDMA subscribers account for

about 5% mobile market share.

However, the proportion of CDMA sub-

scribers is still negligible.

2 Problems faced byVietnam CDMAoperators

Time is not an advantage of a new

operator. GSM mobile service ap-

peared first in Vietnam in 1998, it is

developed for nearly a decade to be

as mature as being nowadays. But

the market would not consider any

reason that leads the poor perfor-

mance of any one. All the Vietnam-

ese CDMA operators are facing the

same typical problems of a new

player. From the general view, there

is no impression to break through the

conventional user predilection; from

the technical view, they are running

out of the outstanding services, ter-

minals and coverage.

Coverage is always an important fac-

tor that new subscribers take into

account when choosing old operators

or new one as well as requiring costly

investment and time consuming.

While GSM operators’ network cover

almost important areas and extend

to 64/64 provinces, new operators in

particular and CDMA operators in

general just approach to several

population-densed regions. Sfone

launched its services with 13 prov-

inces covered, merely focused on

some cit ies around Hanoi and

Hochiminh city, it isn’t continuous

communication among these areas

as well. VP Telecom takes advantage

of existing infrastructure to push up

their network construction in the north,

the south and the central area

simultaneously. Almost 50 provinces,

big cities, main roads, national high-

ways would be covered when ser-

vices are cutover. Hanoi Telecom is

similar to Sfone in infrastructure and

planned to take 45 provinces and big

cities in the initial phase into serving.

All the CDMA operators are paying

attention to the urban and important

areas at the beginning evidently, but

the problem of extension would come

very soon.

Regarding the service, to date, the

basic services such as voice, SMS,

VMS are major source of income.

There is no dominant point and the

tariff war is unavoidable.

CDMA operators in Vietnam need to

pay more attention for network cov-

erage and new service supporting,

especially to support new services

such as high speed data, multime-

dia services, Push to Talk, etc, build-

ing an elaborate CDMA network to

capture more market shares.

3 ZTE proposal forCDMA operators

Besides the tariff, the most remark-

able thing for users is service, so

CDMA operators have to grasp

clearly this technology’s strength if

they want to get easier than GSM

competitors in deploying new value

added services.

So far, the social purpose has been put

as the highest priority; it means such

a wide coverage as possible and a good

enough quality of basic services. At the

same time, impacting the market by

the killer application is necessary. Sev-

eral solutions are proposed including:

wide coverage solution, GoTa solution,

EV-DO solution based on ZTE’s All IP

CDMA platform.

ZTE has developed CDMA mobile

communications system based on

the CDMA2000 family of standards

and recently ZTE has rolled out its

CDMA2000 ALL IP products based on

ALL IP new generation 3G platform to

adapt to the trend of technical

development. The system boasts of

the advantages such as cutting-edge

technology, high integration, flexibility,

and full range of product portfolio, en-

abling operators to build elaborate 3G

CDMA networks and enhance their

market competitiveness. CDMA op-

erators in Vietnam get a lot of oppor-

tunities to acquire the latest technol-

ogy innovation and enhancement, al-

though they have started but the ori-

entation to migrate to the ALL IP trend

is foreseeable.

3.1 Wide coverage solution

The ever-intensifying competition in

market makes the seamless mobile

services essential for operators in the

construction of mobile communications

networks. As the market leader in

CDMA, ZTE has accumulated much

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experience in CDMA network construc-

tion and put forward applicable cover-

age solutions for the special areas. such

as plain, coast, countryside, highway,

railway, desert or grassland where there

are low population density and traffic.

Ensuring the wide continuous cover-

age is the most costly requirement of

mobile system. The wide coverage

solution has been enhanced by ZTE’s

adequate radio equipment series rang-

ing from indoor and outdoor, macro

and micro BTS, Remote RF station,

repeater to the series of super far cov-

erage micro BTS and Super far cover-

age RF remote station. These equip-

ments would be deployed flexibly up

to the actual terrain. For instance, in

the delta areas or the central region of

Vietnam, it is plain area, quite flat, no

obstacle; therefore, ZTE suggests 4

solutions:

Solution 1: 30W macro BTS +

tower-mounted amplifier;

Solution 2: 40W tower-mounted su-

per far micro BTS, with a coverage dis-

tance of up to 40 Km~60 Km. The an-

tenna height, tower power and trans-

mission on tower must be up to the

requirement to employ this solution;

Solut ion 3: 10W/20W tower -

mounted outdoor micro BTS, a quite

economical mode. To increase the

downlink transmitter power by ad-

justing the transmission parameters

downlink, decrease 3dB of feeder

loss with the top-mounting mode,

equivalent to the macro BTS in

Fig.1 ZTE’s Multiple Coverage Solutions

Fig.2. Integrated Network Structure of the ZTE GoTa Trunking System

terms of coverage range;

Solution 4: micro BTS + remote RF

Station, rather flexible networking, the

maximum extension distance is 40 Km.

On the coast line, the 40W super far

micro BTS can be employed as the

coverage solution, but the antenna

height, tower power and transmission

on tower are prerequisites. In island

the RF repeater with the AC or solar

battery can be employed, etc.

This is called ZTE C++ solution will

absolutely save time and capital ex-

penditure of operators to construct a

seamless coverage CDMA network.

Fig.1 shows ZTE’s series of BTSs

used in different scenarios for full

seamless.

3.2 GoTa solution

Push to Talk (PTT) services provided

by digital trunking system as the

branch of mobile telecommunication

system satisfied the group commu-

nication demand of the group users

such as t ransport companies,

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Page 26: ZTE Technology- Issue 70- ZTE 3G CDMA Solutions

ZTE TECHNOLOGIES24

hospitals, hotels, military, exhibition

and conference sectors, traffic con-

trol systems, public services sector,

e m e r g e n c y a n d c o m m u n i t y

administration, etc. Conventionally, it

r e q u i r e s c o n s t r u c t i n g e a c h

organization’s own system, fre-

q u e n c y b a n d a n d d e d i c a t e d

terminals.

ZTE has been developed indepen-

dently a digital trunking communica-

tion system based on the Third Gen-

eration (3G) wireless communication

technology - CDMA2000 1X, named

G o Ta ( G l o b a l o p e n Tr u n k i n g

architecture) system. GoTa can pro-

vide the following trunking services:

one-to-one private calls and one-to-

many group calls; special services

such as system paging, group

paging, sub-group paging and special

PTT; and classification of different traf-

fic groups such as permanent group

and temporary group.

The system optimizes and improves

the standard A i r In ter face of

CDMA2000, and defines the corre-

sponding system architecture and

Fig.3 ZTE Co-located CDMA2000 1X EV-DO Structure

protocol stack. As the system takes

the existing standard architecture and

protocols of CDMA2000 that enables

operators to integrate trunking sys-

tem into the existing CDMA2000 net-

work and provide both PTT services

and CDMA2000 services simulta-

neously without building up a sepa-

rate system. Fig.2 is the integrated

network structure:

It realizes the functions of forward

channel sharing and quick access

for professional trunking service. At

the same time, ZTE introduces ter-

minals as wel l including GoTa

handset , desktop and vehic le

mounted terminal that support both

PTT and CDMA2000 services includ-

ing abundant and professional

trunking functions, normal voice

service, short message service, lo-

cation and high-speed radio packet

data service. It also provides wire-

less data collection/transfer, video

monitoring and other industry/busi-

ness solutions.

In Vietnam, GoTa solution will enable

CDMA operators to exploit the great

potential market sectors while they

are getting trouble with frequency al-

lowance as well as self-investment

and bring out the convenience to in-

dividual subscribers to enjoy PTT and

CDMA 2000 service.

3.3 EV-DO solution

From the service point of view, com-

paring to GSM operators, CDMA play-

ers should exploit the available ca-

pability of data services. Wireless

Broadband Internet Access is typical

and can break through these sectors

by employing plenty terminal types

such as handset, PCMCIA data card,

USB data card, etc. Multimedia ser-

vices such as video phone, online

game, broadcasting, etc. are all

based on high-speed data ability. ZTE

e v o l v e s t h e s y s t e m i n t h e

CDMA2000 family, supports EV-DO/

EV-DV as be shown in Fig.3, several

new interfaces, a dedicated carrier/

sector and AN-AAA server are

adopted:

The advantage is that it is backward

compatible with CDMA2000 1X, op-

timizes data speed without affect-

ing the operating network, and EV-

DO/EV-DV processing part can reside

in parallel with CDMA2000 1X pro-

c e s s i n g p a r t a t B S S s i d e .

Accordingly, it enables the operators

to deploy 1xEV-DO service on the

existing CDMA network at a lower

cost and maximize the investment

value of the equipment. Till now, EV-

D O t e r m i n a l s , d u a l - m o d e

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO terminals,

handsets and da ta ca rds a re

available.

(Meng Xiude, Vu Thi Thuy Ha)

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Page 27: ZTE Technology- Issue 70- ZTE 3G CDMA Solutions

On September 24, 2005, ZTE Corporation (Shenzhen:

000063, Hong Kong: 0763) announced it has won the con-

tract to supply Euroweb International, a leading ISP in the

Central Eastern European region, with SDH equipment

for its optical network in Romania.

The deal will provide Euroweb with optical transmission

equipment for each of its 14 nodes based in major Roma-

nian cities including Oradea, Arad, Brasov and Buzau.

ZTE´s enhanced STM-16 multiservice equipment - the

ZXMP S380 - allows Euroweb to transport large amounts

of voice and data traffic over its optical network.

The equipment will be in place by December 2005 and

will offer facilities such as Synchronous Transfer Mode

(STM-4/1), transmission links such as E3/E1 and Gigabit

Ethernet services.

“It has always been our policy to provide cutting-edge

technologies to our customers. This agreement with ZTE

means our network is future-proofed and will offer the

next-generation of IP services to our customers in

Romania.” remarked Mr. Laurentiu Stan, Euroweb´s Gen-

eral Director in Romania.

“Today, more so than ever before, businesses and indi-

viduals have come to rely on increasingly quick and reli-

able access to information which can only be catered for

with fibre-optic technology,” said Mr. Li Chuanzhong, GM

at ZTE Romania. “We are very happy to be working with

Euroweb to bring ZTE´s advanced technology to the people

of Romania.” continued Mr Li.

By reaching approximately 2500 km, Euroweb´s Roma-

nian data transmission network will assure the company´s

future development over the next years, by sustaining

the increasing data transport/Internet volumes of Roma-

nia and also by securing an important transit segment for

the Hungary-Romania-Bulgaria-Turkey route.

The ZXMP S380 can provide customers with across-the-

board solutions that integrate TDM, Ethernet and ATM

access in a unified platform, thus seamlessly evolving

the existing voice oriented network to a multi-service

network, with maximum return on investment, and cost

effectiveness for service scalability and network evolution.

In March, ZTE won the contract to supply Cabletel,

Bulgaria´s leading fixed-line operator, with the country´s

first ever DWDM optical network. In 2002, ZTE´s SDH

equipment was first deployed in Europe in a deal cover-

ing Poland´s nationwide optical network.

To date, ZTE´s optical transmission products, includ-

ing SDH/MSTP (Multi-Service Transmission Platform)

equipment, backbone DWDM equipment, and metro

DWDM equipment, have been deployed in over 40

countries and regions overseas, establishing ZTE as

a leading international optical transmission equipment

provider.

ZTE´s SDH equipment wins first deploymentin Romanian backbone network

BRIEFINGBRIEFINGBRIEFINGBRIEFINGBRIEFING

ZTE TECHNOLOGIES 25

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