ZTE Wimax Opt Zte

WiMAX network optimization

WiMAX Network Optimizing Technique

Date Author Remarks

2008.5 WiMAX P&O Team Chines Version

2009.8 WiMAX P&O Team English Version


- i -

Contents Section1 Wireless Network Planning and Optimization Process ....................................... 1

1.1 Basic Process Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1

1.2 Requirement Analysis.......................................................................................................................... 4

1.3 Spectrum Scan ..................................................................................................................................... 5

1.3.1 Scanning overview ................................................................................................................... 5

1.3.2 Scanning test type and test tools............................................................................................... 5

1.3.2.1 Test type..................................................................................................................... 5

1.3.2.2 Test tools .................................................................................................................... 5

1.3.2.3 Spectrum analyzer parameters setting........................................................................ 5

1.3.3 Test procedure .......................................................................................................................... 6

1.3.3.1 Drive test procedure ................................................................................................... 6

1.3.3.2 Fixed location test procedure ..................................................................................... 6

1.3.4 Analysis of test data ................................................................................................................. 6

1.3.4.1 Analysis of drive test data .......................................................................................... 6

1.3.4.2 Analysis of fixed location test data ............................................................................ 7

1.3.5 Analysis of interference in service areas .................................................................................. 8

1.3.5.1 The influence of external interference ....................................................................... 8

1.3.5.2 The influence of external interference on coverage ................................................... 9

1.3.5.3 According to the result of frequency scanning export conclusions and scanning

report. ................................................................................................................................... 10

1.3.6 System OMC uplink spectrum scanning instruction .............................................................. 10

1.3.6.1 Overview ................................................................................................................. 10

1.3.6.2 Uplink spectrum scanning function ............................................................................................. 10

1.4 Single Station Test............................................................................................................................. 20

1.4.1 Single station test scope and objective ................................................................................... 20

1.4.2 Single station test verification requirement ............................................................................ 20

1.4.2.1 Single site verification RNP..................................................................................... 20

1.4.2.2 Coverage area verification ....................................................................................... 20

1.4.2.3 Coverage area KPI target ......................................................................................... 20

1.4.3 Single station test verification contents .................................................................................. 21

1.4.3.1 Single site information verification.......................................................................... 21

1.4.3.2 Functional test verification....................................................................................... 21

1.4.3.3 Drive test result ........................................................................................................ 21

1.4.4 Coverage test verification contents ........................................................................................ 22


- ii -

1.4.4.1 Configuration information ....................................................................................... 22

1.4.4.2 Coverage polygon .................................................................................................... 22

1.4.4.3 Coverage street information..................................................................................... 22

1.4.5 Single station and coverage test verification report................................................................ 22

1.5 Calibration Test ................................................................................................................................. 23

1.6 Network Evaluation before Optimization.......................................................................................... 24

1.7 BS Cluster Optimization.................................................................................................................... 26

1.8 Whole Network Optimization and Network Evaluation.................................................................... 27

1.9 Project Acceptance Test and Report Hand in .................................................................................... 28

Section2 Network Planning Issue ...................................................................................... 29 2.1 Optimization Test Tool Introduction ................................................................................................. 29

2.1.1 Optimization test tool CNT introduction................................................................................ 29

2.1.1.1 Overview.................................................................................................................. 29

2.1.1.2 The use of ZXPOS CNT1 ........................................................................................ 29

2.1.1.2.1 Test process .................................................................................................... 29

2.1.1.2.2 Hardware detection and configuration ........................................................... 30

2.1.1.2.3 Hardware configuration interface introduced................................................. 31

2.1.1.2.4 Hardware configuration interface introduced................................................. 33

2.1.1.3 Work interface ......................................................................................................... 33

2.1.1.4 Window interface..................................................................................................... 35

2.1.1.4.1 Title bar .......................................................................................................... 35

2.1.1.4.2 Menu bar ........................................................................................................ 35

2.1.1.4.3 Status bar ........................................................................................................ 35

2.1.1.5 Toolbar..................................................................................................................... 36

2.1.1.6 Replay toolbar .......................................................................................................... 37

2.1.1.7 Right key menu toolbar............................................................................................ 38

2.1.1.8 Menu and function analysis ..................................................................................... 39

2.1.1.9 Explorer window...................................................................................................... 40

2.1.1.9.1 Device Config ................................................................................................ 41

2.1.1.9.2 Windows......................................................................................................... 41

2.1.1.10 Refresh rate to adjust the window style and the curve........................................... 42

2.1.1.10.1 Adjust wireless parameters window refresh rate chart ................................. 42

2.1.1.10.2 Style curve adjustment ................................................................................. 42

2.1.1.11 Test software projects ............................................................................................ 43

2.1.1.12 Export of test data .................................................................................................. 44

2.1.1.12.1 Export pages................................................................................................. 44

2.1.1.13 Subsection of test data ......................................................................................... 45

2.1.1.14 Route map ............................................................................................................. 46


- iii -

2.1.1.14.1 Toolbar introduction ..................................................................................... 47

2.1.1.14.2 Control Layer ............................................................................................... 49

2.1.1.14.3 Theme setting ............................................................................................... 50

2.1.1.14.4 Map parameters setting ................................................................................ 51

2.1.1.14.5 Custom label settings ................................................................................... 53

2.1.1.14.6 Marker parameters........................................................................................ 53

2.1.1.14.7 Find the base station..................................................................................... 54

2.1.1.15 Information display and switch .......................................................................... 55

2.1.1.15.1 Values (WiMAX) ......................................................................................... 56

2.1.1.15.2 Information................................................................................................... 56

2.1.1.15.3 Legend.......................................................................................................... 56

2.1.1.16 Drive test map ...................................................................................................... 57

2.1.1.17 Data test ................................................................................................................ 58

2.1.1.17.1 Plans setting page automatic test plan.......................................................... 58

2.1.1.17.2 Message Test page news shows.................................................................... 60

2.1.1.17.3 Throughput shows the throughput of the page ............................................. 62

2.1.1.17.4 Statistics show page ..................................................................................... 63

2.1.1.18 Data Monitor .......................................................................................................... 64

2.1.1.19 WiMAX Logon Tool ............................................................................................. 65

2.1.1.20 WiMAX Logon Tool ............................................................................................. 65

2.1.1.21 WiMAX Communication Info ............................................................................... 66

2.1.1.22 WiMAX Air Interface Message ............................................................................. 67

2.1.1.23 WiMAX Modulation Statistics .............................................................................. 68

2.1.1.24 WiMAX Date Throughput ..................................................................................... 68

2.1.2 Optimization analysis tool CNA introduction ........................................................................ 69

2.1.2.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................. 69

2.1.2.2 Terms, definitions and abbreviations ....................................................................... 70

2.1.2.3 Comprehensive description...................................................................................... 70

2.1.2.3.1 Background .................................................................................................... 70

2.1.2.3.2 Product Overview........................................................................................... 70

2.1.2.4 Specific functions description .................................................................................. 70

2.1.2.4.1 Basic function analysis................................................................................... 70

2.1.2.4.2 Segment'RSSI and Segment'CINR functions ................................................. 71

2.1.2.4.3 Call event analysis and delay statistics........................................................... 72

2.1.2.4.4 Analysis of handover events........................................................................... 72

2.1.2.4.5 Interference Analysis...................................................................................... 72

2.1.2.4.6 Analysis of dropped calls ............................................................................... 72

2.1.2.4.7 Calls, handover of the incident shows the geographical ................................ 73


- iv -

2.1.2.4.8 Jitter Analysis of packet loss rate ................................................................... 73

2.1.2.4.9 Table part of the meaning of Item Value ........................................................ 74

2.2 Optimize Test .................................................................................................................................... 76

2.2.1 Test Content ........................................................................................................................... 76

2.2.1.1 Cover Test................................................................................................................ 76

2.2.1.2 Throughout Test....................................................................................................... 76

2.2.1.3 Cut-over Test ........................................................................................................... 76

2.2.1.4 Calling Test .............................................................................................................. 77

2.2.1.5 Operation Test.......................................................................................................... 77

2.2.1.6 Handoff .................................................................................................................... 77

2.2.1.7 Lose Words Rate...................................................................................................... 77

2.2.2 Testing Method ...................................................................................................................... 78

2.2.2.1 DT Testing ............................................................................................................... 78

2.2.2.2 CQT Testing............................................................................................................. 78

2.3 RF Optimizing Subject ...................................................................................................................... 79

2.3.1 RF Optimizing Goal ............................................................................................................... 79

2.3.2 Antenna Optimization ............................................................................................................ 79

2.3.3 Calibration Power Optimizing................................................................................................ 79

2.3.4 Interferences Searching and Frequency Scanning................................................................. 79

2.4 Access and Paging ............................................................................................................................. 80

2.4.1 Basic connection flow ............................................................................................................ 80

2.4.1.1 Connection flow chart .............................................................................................. 80

2.4.1.2 Small area option and downlink synchronization .................................................... 80

2.4.1.2.1 OMC parameters chart below ........................................................................ 81

2.4.1.2.2 Physicalal Layer Parameter OMC Configuration........................................... 82

2.4.1.3 Ranging.................................................................................................................... 82

2.4.1.3.1 Ranging parameters........................................................................................ 82

2.4.1.3.2 Ranging OMC parameter configuration......................................................... 83

2.4.1.4 SBC negotiation ability............................................................................................ 84

2.4.1.4.1 SBC parameters.............................................................................................. 84

2.4.1.4.2 SBC OMC parameters configuration ............................................................. 85

2.4.1.5 Coding and authorization ......................................................................................... 87

2.4.1.5.1 OMC parameters configuration...................................................................... 87

2.4.1.6 REG ability negotiation ........................................................................................... 88

2.4.1.7 Service flow setup.................................................................................................... 88

2.4.1.8 Obtaining IP ............................................................................................................. 89

2.4.2 Idle Idle model and paging flow............................................................................................. 89

2.4.2.1 The function of idle model....................................................................................... 89


- v -

2.4.2.2 Paging chart ............................................................................................................. 90

2.4.2.3 Entering idle flow chart............................................................................................ 90

2.4.2.4 Location update........................................................................................................ 91

2.4.2.5 Paging flow .............................................................................................................. 92

2.4.2.6 Exit idel state flow ................................................................................................... 92

2.4.2.6.1 OMC parameters configuration...................................................................... 93

2.5 Handover Technology ....................................................................................................................... 94

2.5.1 Handover types....................................................................................................................... 94

2.5.1.1 Hard Handover (HHO)............................................................................................. 94

2.5.1.2 Fast BS Switching (FBSS)....................................................................................... 94

2.5.1.3 Macro Diversity HandoverMDHO .................................................................. 94 2.5.2 HHO workflow....................................................................................................................... 94

2.5.3 The related parameters configure of HO................................................................................ 95

2.5.3.1 HO configure page ................................................................................................... 96

2.5.3.2 HO parameter instruction......................................................................................... 96

2.5.3.3 Neighbor configure page.......................................................................................... 97

2.5.3.4 Neighbor parameters explan .................................................................................... 98

2.5.3.5 Trigger configure ..................................................................................................... 99

2.5.3.6 Trigger parameter instruction................................................................................... 99

2.6 Power Control optimization............................................................................................................. 100

2.6.1 PC and AMC principle ......................................................................................................... 100

2.6.1.1 The purpose of PC.................................................................................................. 100

2.6.1.2 The principles of PC .............................................................................................. 100

2.6.1.3 Power Control Classification ................................................................................. 100

2.6.1.4 AMC ...................................................................................................................... 101

2.6.1.5 PC and AMC arithmetic......................................................................................... 104

2.6.2 Power Control and AMC configure ..................................................................................... 104

2.6.2.1 DL Burst Profile configure .................................................................................... 104

2.6.2.2 DL Burst Profile parameters instruction ................................................................ 104

2.6.2.3 UL Burst Profile configure .................................................................................... 105

2.6.2.4 UL Burst Profile parameter instruction.................................................................. 106

2.6.2.5 AMC configure ...................................................................................................... 107

2.6.2.6 AMC frequent parameters instructions .................................................................. 108

2.6.2.7 PC configure parameters ........................................................................................ 112

2.6.2.8 PC parameters explanation..................................................................................... 115

2.7 Admission and congestion control................................................................................................... 125

2.7.1 QOS of the air-interface resource of WiMAX ..................................................................... 125

2.7.1.1 Air-interface resource ............................................................................................ 125


- vi -

2.7.1.2 Flux of subscribers service-flow........................................................................... 125

2.7.1.3 Types of service-flow............................................................................................. 125

2.7.1.4 Admission and congestion control ......................................................................... 127

2.7.2 Admission Control ............................................................................................................... 127

2.7.2.1 Basic principle ....................................................................................................... 127

2.7.2.2 Realization method ................................................................................................ 127

2.7.2.3 The application scene of admission control ........................................................... 127

2.7.2.4 Serveral terms considering by admission control .................................................. 128

2.7.2.5 Admission control parameters explanation ............................................................ 128

2.7.2.6 Admission configure page ..................................................................................... 130

2.7.3 Congestion control ............................................................................................................... 130

2.7.3.1 Basic principle ....................................................................................................... 130

2.7.3.2 Realized mode........................................................................................................ 130

2.7.3.3 The scene of congestion control............................................................................. 131

2.7.3.4 Congestion control parameter ................................................................................ 132

2.7.3.5 Congestion control configure page ........................................................................ 133

Section3 WiMAX Terminal Introduction ....................................................................... 134 3.1 Summary of frequent terminal sort summary.................................................................................. 134

3.1.1 Sort according to the shape and interface............................................................................. 134

3.1.2 Sort according to the chip vendor......................................................................................... 135

3.2 Detail configuration instruction of frequent terminal ...................................................................... 135

3.2.1 USI CPE terminal................................................................................................................. 136

3.2.1.1 Configuration parameters operation instruction..................................................... 136

3.2.1.2 Use command......................................................................................................... 139

3.2.2 ZTE terminal (base on Beceem chip) ................................................................................... 139


3.2.2.2 TTIS authentication configuration ......................................................................... 144

3.2.3 GCT terminal........................................................................................................................ 148


3.2.3.2 Common command instruction.............................................................................. 149

3.2.3.2.1 Set frequency................................................................................................ 149

3.2.3.2.2 Print packet command.................................................................................. 149

3.2.3.2.3 Dump command........................................................................................... 150

3.2.3.2.4 Configuration command............................................................................... 151

Section4 WiMAX Network KPI Introduction ................................................................ 153 4.1 WiMAX network performance KPI introduction............................................................................ 153

4.1.1 KPI concept .......................................................................................................................... 153

4.1.2 WiMAX KPI introduce ........................................................................................................ 153


- vii -

4.1.2.1 Coverage KPI......................................................................................................... 153

4.1.2.1.1 DL/UL RSSI................................................................................................. 153

4.1.2.1.2 DL/UL CINR................................................................................................ 153

4.1.2.1.2 DL/UL Tx Power.......................................................................................... 154

4.1.2.2 System Performance KPI....................................................................................... 154

4.1.2.2.1 Initial Access ................................................................................................ 154

4.1.2.2.2 Service Flow Setup ...................................................................................... 155

4.1.2.2.3 System Connection Drop Rate ..................................................................... 157

4.1.2.2.4 Hard Handover ............................................................................................. 157

4.1.2.2.5 Delay............................................................................................................ 161

4.1.2.2.6 Jitter.............................................................................................................. 162

4.1.2.2.7 Packet Loss................................................................................................... 163

4.1.2.3 KPI recommend value............................................................................................ 163

4.2 KPI statistic tool CNO2 introduction .............................................................................................. 164

4.2.1 Introduction of CNO2 .......................................................................................................... 164

4.2.2 Benefit of using CNO2......................................................................................................... 164

4.2.3 Data Characteristic of CNO2................................................................................................ 164

4.2.4 Advantage of CNO2............................................................................................................. 165

4.2.5 Main Operation Statistic steps of CNO2 for WiMAX ......................................................... 165


- viii -

Figure Content

Figure 1 Network Optimizing Flow............................................................................................................. 2

Figure 2 Structure of Network Optimizing Project ...................................................................................... 3

Figure 3 The influence of interference on coverage .................................................................................... 9

Figure 4 The opening of the spectrum scanning method ........................................................................... 12

Figure 5 Opening of the methods of scanning the spectrum...................................................................... 12

Figure 6 Spectrum scanning parameters set............................................................................................... 13

Figure 7 Opening of the base-band interference analysis method ............................................................. 14

Figure 8 Opening of base-band interference analysis method ................................................................... 14

Figure 9 Analysis of base-band interference parameters ........................................................................... 15

Figure 10 Spectrum scan result .................................................................................................................. 16

Figure 11 The curve plot of spectrums scanning ....................................................................................... 17

Figure 12 Base-band interference analysis reported result ........................................................................ 18

Figure 13 Brief Flow for Network Evaluation ........................................................................................... 24

Figure 14 Hardware configuration windows.............................................................................................. 31

Figure 15 Advanced configuration window............................................................................................... 32

Figure 16 Suspension of the dialog box testing equipment ....................................................................... 33

Figure 17 The main operation interface ..................................................................................................... 34

Figure 18 Main interface title bar .............................................................................................................. 35

Figure 19 Main interface menu bar............................................................................................................ 35

Figure 20 Main interface status bar............................................................................................................ 35

Figure 21 Main interface toolbar ............................................................................................................... 36

Figure 22 Replay toolbar............................................................................................................................ 37

Figure 23 Set replay position ..................................................................................................................... 38

Figure 24 Set replay position ..................................................................................................................... 38

Figure 25 Device Config page ................................................................................................................... 41

Figure 26 Window management page........................................................................................................ 41

Figure 27 Wireless Parameters window menu chart .................................................................................. 42

Figure 28 Chart Option dialog box ............................................................................................................ 43

Figure 29 Export ManagerExport page.................................................................................................. 44

Figure 30 Export ManagerLogMask page ............................................................................................. 45

Figure 31 Geographical display windows.................................................................................................. 47

Figure 32 Route Map window toolbar ....................................................................................................... 47

Figure 33 Control layer dialog box ............................................................................................................ 49

Figure 34 Themes Settings dialog box....................................................................................................... 50


- ix -

Figure 35 Themes setting dialog boxSetSymbol................................................................................ 51

Figure 36 Themes setting dialog boxAuto Generate Values .............................................................. 51

Figure 37 Map parameters setting.............................................................................................................. 52

Figure 38 Custom label settings................................................................................................................. 53

Figure 39 Marking Options settings window............................................................................................. 54

Figure 40 Find cell windows...................................................................................................................... 55

Figure 41 Information display.................................................................................................................... 55

Figure 42 Information displayValues (WiMAX) ............................................................................... 56

Figure 43 Information displayInformation......................................................................................... 56

Figure 44 Information displayLegend................................................................................................ 57

Figure 45 Drive test map............................................................................................................................ 57

Figure 46 Data Test windows - Test Plan Settings page ............................................................................ 58

Figure 47 Data Test window - Test page news........................................................................................... 61

Figure 48 Data Test windowdata throughput of the page....................................................................... 62 Figure 49 Data Test windowstatistic page.............................................................................................. 63 Figure 50 Data Monitor windows .............................................................................................................. 64

Figure 51 WiMAX system landing interface ............................................................................................. 65

Figure 52 WiMAX basic information ........................................................................................................ 66

Figure 53 WiMAX basic information ........................................................................................................ 67

Figure 54 WiMAX air interface message................................................................................................... 68

Figure 55 WiMAX various adjustments of the data encoding ................................................................... 68

Figure 56 WiMAXView windowdata throughput page ......................................................................... 69 Figure 57 Connection flow chart ............................................................................................................... 80

Figure 58 Physicalal Layer Parameter OMC Configurations .................................................................... 82

Figure 59 Ranging OMC parameter configurations................................................................................... 84

Figure 60 SBC parameters configuration-1 ............................................................................................... 86

Figure 61 SBC parameters configuration-2 ............................................................................................... 87

Figure 62 Parameters configuration of Coding and authorization ............................................................. 88

Figure 63 Chart of service flow setup ........................................................................................................ 89

Figure 64 Paging chart ............................................................................................................................... 90

Figure 65 Entering idle flow chart ............................................................................................................. 91

Figure 66 Location update flow chart ........................................................................................................ 91

Figure 67 Paging flow chart....................................................................................................................... 92

Figure 68 Exit Idle flow chart .................................................................................................................... 93

Figure 69 Pagegroup OMC parameters configuration ............................................................................... 93

Figure 70 Workflow chart of HHO ............................................................................................................ 95

Figure 71 HO page configure..................................................................................................................... 96

Figure 72 OMC Neighbor configure.......................................................................................................... 98


- x -

Figure 73 OMC Trigger configure ............................................................................................................. 99

Figure 74 OMC DL Burst Profile configure ............................................................................................ 104

Figure 75 OMC UL Burst Profile configure ............................................................................................ 106

Figure 76 AMC configure 1..................................................................................................................... 107

Figure 77 AMC configure 2..................................................................................................................... 108

Figure 78 DL AMC enable....................................................................................................................... 108

Figure 79 DL FEC.................................................................................................................................... 109

Figure 80 UL AMC enables ..................................................................................................................... 109

Figure 81 UL FEC.....................................................................................................................................110

Figure 82 DL AMC method ......................................................................................................................110

Figure 83 UL AMC methods.....................................................................................................................110

Figure 84 AMC parameter ........................................................................................................................111

Figure 85 PC configure page 1 .................................................................................................................113

Figure 86 PC configure page2 ..................................................................................................................113




Figure 90 DL PC enables ..........................................................................................................................115

Figure 91 Boosting....................................................................................................................................116

Figure 92 PC paramters ............................................................................................................................116

Figure 93 UL PC enables ..........................................................................................................................117

Figure 94 UL CINR average1 ...................................................................................................................117

Figure 95 UL CINR average 2 ..................................................................................................................118

Figure 96 UL power adjust .......................................................................................................................118

Figure 97 UL PC enables ..........................................................................................................................118

Figure 98 UL PC methods.........................................................................................................................119

Figure 99 UL PC message........................................................................................................................ 120

Figure 100 Drop off ................................................................................................................................. 120

Figure 101 Drop off 2 .............................................................................................................................. 120

Figure 102 PC adjustment........................................................................................................................ 122

Figure 103 Subchannel limit .................................................................................................................... 123

Figure 104 Subchannel limit 2 ................................................................................................................. 123

Figure 105 DL-MAP................................................................................................................................ 124

Figure 106 Admission configure page ..................................................................................................... 130

Figure 107 Congestion control configure ................................................................................................ 133

Figure 108 Indoor CPE ............................................................................................................................ 134

Figure 109 USB Card............................................................................................................................... 134

Figure 110 Express CPE .......................................................................................................................... 135


- xi -

Figure 111 Outdoor CPE.......................................................................................................................... 135

Figure 112 USI CPE IE Configure Page .................................................................................................. 136

Figure 113 USI CPE Physical layer parameters configuration ................................................................ 137

Figure 114 USI CPE authtication IE configurations ................................................................................ 138

Figure 115 USI software upgrade ............................................................................................................ 139

Figure 116 ZTE Beeccem chip parameters changed 1 ............................................................................. 140




Figure 120 ZTE Beeccem chip parameter A............................................................................................ 143

Figure 121 ZTE Beeccem chip parameter B............................................................................................ 143

Figure 122 ZTE Beeccem chip authentication configuration 1 ............................................................... 145



Figure 125 ZTE Beeccem Chip authentication configuration 4............................................................... 148

Figure 126 GCT Card Configure page..................................................................................................... 149

Figure 127 Initial access flow .................................................................................................................. 155

Figure 128 Service setup flow ................................................................................................................. 156

Figure 129 System connection drop flow ................................................................................................ 157

Figure 130 Hard handover flow............................................................................................................... 159

Figure 131 Hard handover duration flow................................................................................................. 161

Figure 132 Land interface ........................................................................................................................ 166

Figure 133 Template management interface ............................................................................................ 166

Figure 134 Create indexes template......................................................................................................... 167

Figure 135 Analysis tool interface ........................................................................................................... 167

Figure 136 Choose statistic indexes interface.......................................................................................... 168

Figure 137 Statistic result interface.......................................................................................................... 168


- xii -

TABLE CONTENT

Table 1 Information of Interference in DT................................................................................................. 7

Table 2 Noise Floor List of XX Site .......................................................................................................... 7

Table 3 Main Interference List in Each Frequency Band at Site 1............................................................. 8

Table 4 Running the ZXPOS CNT1......................................................................................................... 34

Table 5 State of the status icon function .................................................................................................. 36

Table 6 Note the toolbar button................................................................................................................ 36

Table 7 Toolbar help replay function ....................................................................................................... 37

Table 8 The main interface toolbar .......................................................................................................... 39

Table 9 Toolbar button functions instructions.......................................................................................... 47

Table 10 WiMAX basic information.......................................................................................................... 67

Table 11 Specific abbreviations ................................................................................................................. 70

Table 12 OMC Physicalal Layer Parameter............................................................................................... 81

Table 13 Ranging parameter introduction.................................................................................................. 83

Table 14 SBC parameters introduction ...................................................................................................... 85

Table 15 UL FEC ..................................................................................................................................... 102

Table 16 DL FEC ..................................................................................................................................... 102

Table 17 DIUC recommended value........................................................................................................ 105

Table 18 UIUC recommended configure ................................................................................................. 106

Table 19 Table of admission control parameter explanation.................................................................... 128

Table 20 Congestion control parameters explanation .............................................................................. 132

Table 21 KPI reference value................................................................................................................... 163


1

Section1 Wireless Network Planning and Optimization Process

& Knowledge

l Basic process introduction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Level1

l Requirement analysis -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Level1

l Spectrum scan----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Level1

l Single station test -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Level1

l Calibration test ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Level1

l Network evaluation before optimization ----------------------------------------------------------------Level1

l BS cluster optimization ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Level2

l Whole network optimization and network evaluation ------------------------------------------------ Level2

l Project acceptance test and report hand in --------------------------------------------------------------Level2

1.1 Basic Process Introduction Network optimizing is a significant point during the wireless network constructing, the function of

wireless network always varies while the network is developing, subscriber amount is increasing and

subscriber distribution altered. Therefore, network optimization is to guarantee the network function will

satisfy the subscribers all the time.

The complete flow of wireless network optimization is shown as figure 1.The unnecessary stages in

this flow will be cancelled according to the clients requirement and project situation in actual network

optimizing projects. For the optimization of the third party, stages should be selected base on the contract of

network optimization.


2

Figure 1 Network Optimizing Flow

The wireless propogation environment should be ensured firlstly in the process of network optimizing,

and then the problems in the network should be solved step by step form part to entire (from single BS to

cluster then to whole network).

The functions of main stages in network optimization are as below:

1. Requirements analysis: to understand the working target and obtain useful information.

2. Spectrum scanning: to ensure the wireless environment (without interference).

3. Sample station inspection: to ensure a single station works well.

4. BS cluster optimization: to ensure a part of network area works well.

5. Entire network optimization: to ensure the whole network works well.

A network optimizing project may adopt the organization structure as a network programming project,

which is shown as figure 2.


3

Figure 2 Structure of Network Optimizing Project


4

1.2 Requirement Analysis The purpose of requirement analysis is to obtain the detail requirement of a project, including the

clients anticipation about the result optimized, the standard of checking and acceptance.

According to the normal process, the network is already active at this stage; detail information can be

collected via communicating with clients. For the network optimization executed by equipment vendor or

program designed corporation, the relevant information should be collected by internal approach.

In this stage, some information needs collecting and some content needs confirming, such as to know the

requirement of coverage and capacity, including the scope of optimizing area, the scope of essential area

and the wireless environment of optimizing area, especially the information of area that has particular

requirement about data capacity. These areas should be ensured essentially in an optimization process.

1. To obtain the information of current network, including the longitude/latitude, station type,

antenna height, sector orientation, declination angle, antenna model, feeder line length,

emission power, area wireless parameter programming, etc.

2. To collect the system parameter configuration, including the basic parameters of physicals

layout and MAC layout, power control and AMC, handoff parameter, acceptance and

congestion control parameters, calling group configuration and IP address scheme, etc.

3. To collect problems of the current network, including clients complaint and feedback from

other paths, especially the most urgent problem which client can not suffer should be solved

essentially.

4. To confirm the checking standard of each sub-project, the checking standard should be clear

in the contract of network optimization; if it is not clear, these information should be

confirmed at the requirement analysis stage; every sub-project in the network optimization

should have checking standard, otherwise it will be difficult to confirm whether the

optimizing work achieve the standard.

5. To confirm the parameter of each project under testing: including the selection standard,

calling mode requirement, testing period configuration (busy, null, load) of the testing path

and testing point.

6. To confirm the division between client and us: confirm what task the client should do and

what resource the client should provide.

For item 4, only if the network optimization is at the third party, the last 3items will be confirmed with

client together.


5

1.3 Spectrum Scan

1.3.1 Scanning overview Spectrum scanning is to know whether the interference exists in the system spectrum, including

scanning and interference checking. Generally, the scanning is needed; the interference checking should be

implemented by the company which has the relevant intelligence. Spectrum scanning is conducted for

confirming whether there existing interference within the working frequency band and selects proper

channel number with no or little interference for the current network. In the WiMAX system, the TDD

mode is adopted by the network, so scanning either uplink or downlink is enough.

1.3.2 Scanning test type and test tools

1.3.2.1 Test type

The spectrum scanning can be classified into two types: drive test and fixed location test. The

drive test can find possible areas with interference but it cannot identify the accurate locations of

interference sources. While the spectrum scanning at fixed locations can search out more detailed

information about interfering frequencies, such as their direction and position, strength, etc. Select

the test type depending on the actual situation; referring to the Regulations of Frequency Scanning.

1.3.2.2 Test tools

1. Spectrum Analyzer

2. Omni antenna type and antenna gain

3. Filter loss

4. LNA gain

5. Proper RF cable (confirm cable loss)

6. GPS receiver

7. PCMCIA card (or Flash memory/Serial cable/Floppy disk)

8. Laptop

1.3.2.3 Spectrum analyzer parameters setting

1. Central frequency

2. Scanning band span

3. Scan time span

4. Resolution Band Width (RBW): 10 kHz (or actual RBW)

5. Ref level

6. Attenuation


6

1.3.3 Test procedure

1.3.3.1 Drive test procedure

1. Determine the test routes. It is required that the test routes passes through the whole coverage

area as much as possible.

2. Connect the test devices; set the resolution band width (RBW) as 10 kHz; the band width is

XX MHz~XX MHz.

3. Conduct the DT on the designated routes, recording the variation information of the signal

when passing on different paths.

4. Analyze the test data.

1.3.3.2 Fixed location test procedure

1. Select the test points;

2. Locate with the GPS, recording the longitude and latitude of test points;

3. Connect the test devices, and set the test software properly;

4. Without antenna connection, measure noise floor of the spectrum analyzer. Note that the RBW

setting during this step should be accorded with that used in the actual frequency scanning process.

If the noise floor is normal, go on to the next steps; otherwise, check out whether the spectrum

analyzer can work properly.

5. Connect antenna, filter, etc., and measure the noise floor of target frequency band, then save

the result;

6. Interference test: Measure the interference within target frequency band. Note that reserve the

test data after the peak value is keeping stable. Repeat such test, until all uplink and downlink

frequency bands which need to be measured have been tested. Save results.

7. When the test is finished, output the recorded data or related figure files and complete the test

report.

1.3.4 Analysis of test data

1.3.4.1 Analysis of drive test data

According to the DT in XX service area, it is found that there exist interference signals within the

tested frequency bands (including in the uplink and downlink). The detailed information about the

interference is as follows:

1. Distribution figure of positions with interference: mark the positions where there exists

interference in the figure and make a serial number for each position.


7

2. Figure of signals received in positions where there exists interference: provide the frequency

spectrum figure featuring the interfering signal. For each position, present a corresponding

frequency spectrum figure, which can be named after Interference at the position X.

Data analysis: describe the information of interference in a table like follows. Position of

interference means the geographic position of the interference. If ensure interference occurs in

several positions, present the position where the interference is the strongest.

Table 1 Information of Interference in DT

Position of interference Center frequency of Interference (MHz)

Interference Bandwidth (kHz)

Peak Power (dBm)

Information of Interference in

DT

1.3.4.2 Analysis of fixed location test data

1. Figures of frequency spectrum during frequency scanning: the figure of frequency spectrum

generally contains two parts: the background noise and interfering frequency spectrum of each

band. Present a figure of interference frequency spectrum for each band; the figure of frequency

spectrum is also demanded even though no interference exists in the band.

2. Table of data analysis: background noise measurement means measuring the background noise

of the frequency scanning apparatus without the built-out antenna. Conduct such measurement at

all sites, with the main purpose of checking out if the frequency scanning apparatus has set

properly. If several RBW settings are used during the test, it needs to measure the background

noise under each RBW setting and list them in the following table.

Table 2 Noise Floor List of XX Site

Table Frequency Band (or Channel Number)

Noise Floor without Antenna (dBm)

Noise Floor with Antenna (dBm) Remark

Note: There are only major interference being listed in the above Interference list, the interference

intensity (power) being generally above -105dBm. In terms of the weaker interferences, they can be


8

consulted from the above frequency spectrum figure. This requirement is the same to the following

test points.

Table 3 Main Interference List in Each Frequency Band at Site 1

Central Frequency of Interference

(MHz)

Interference Bandwidth

(kHz) Peak Power

(dBm) RBW (kHz)

Equivalent Peak Power Relative to

RBW=10kHz (dBm)

450.048 20 -70 10 -70

450.12 40 -84 100 -94

1.3.5 Analysis of interference in service areas According to the test result of DT, present the areas with relatively strong interference and describe the

interference details;

According to the test result of the point test, supply the information of the sites with relatively serious

interference;

Present the information of the frequency bands within which there is relatively much interference;

Present the primary analysis about the interfering signals (for example, showing whether the

interference signal is regular or not), along with the rough range of the interference intensity (power).

According to the result of frequency scanning, we can get the following conclusions:

1.3.5.1 The influence of external interference

If interference exists in radio system, it can influence all performance and the most important

influence is coverage radius (reverse coverage radius especially).

Since WIMAX is a spread spectrum communications system, the low power and narrow

bandwidth interference only influence less WIMAX system, but the high power and wide

bandwidth interference can interference seriously WIMAX system. There is an example to

calculate the influence.

An interference calculation example is given in 2500MHz WIMAX system, because there are

some PTT systems, radio access system and many illegal users, these high power and wide

bandwidth interference will influence seriously the 2500MHz WIMAX system if it is set up.

If the interference with 20KHz bandwidth and average 70dBm spectrum power is spread over

1.23MHz bandwidth of WIMAX system, then the rise over thermal (ROT) at BTS receiver is

70+10log10(20/1230)=-87.89dBm. The thermal noise without interference is 108dBm, so this

interference makes thermal noise rise 20dB.


9

According to Hata formula:

AreaIn Urban (397.4)75.11(log2.3)(

log)log55.69.44()(log82.13log9.333.46)(2

2102

10110211010

=-=

--+--+=

Cmhh

CmdhhhfdBL kmMHza

a

If BTS antenna height is 30 meters, mobile antenna is 1.5 meters, B is 80 present and frequency

band is 2500MHz, so above formula can be changed:

kmddBL 10log22.3582.129)( +=

The BTS sensitivity is invariable value, so the link budget coverage radius should decrease when

the thermal noise is raised 20dB. According to above formula:

)(log22.35log22.3582.129log22.3582.1292

110210110

km

kmkmkm d

dddL =--+=D

So: 7.310 22.352

1 ==DL

km

km

dd

This means that the coverage radius decrease 1/3.7 times.

1.3.5.2 The influence of external interference on coverage

Now give an example, the influence of interference on coverage is as follows:

relationship between equivalent interference and coverage radius

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

90.00%

100.00%

-108 -104 -100 -96 -92 -88

equivalent interferencedBm

pres

ent o

f cov

erag

e ra

dius

and

are

ade

crea

se

radius

area

Figure 3 The influence of interference on coverage


10

1.3.5.3 According to the result of frequency scanning export conclusions and scanning report.

When finished the scanning test, we need to make conclusions and export scanning report. The

report format can refer to < WiMAX spectrum scanning report template>.

1.3.6 System OMC uplink spectrum scanning instruction

1.3.6.1 Overview

The guide book is writed for WiMAX wireless network optimization. The WiMAX technology

has initially with my colleagues in the background, you can directly refer to the instructions of the

work flow and processing methods.

The guide book is writed for the guidance of WiMAX wireless interference investigation work

environment.

The main method is to clear away the use of system functions to locate and troubleshoot

interference. It supports the functions of the above version 3.20.02B1 version.

1.3.6.2 Uplink spectrum scanning function

1.1 Introduction

Uplink spectrum scanning includes two functional modules, the spectrum scanning and

analysis of base-band interference.

1.1.1 Spectrum Scan

Spectrum scanning function is defined as a prerequisite for access to non-users, in the specified

uplink Segment (also designated carrier) on the specified antenna configuration of the entire

channel bandwidth for the sub-carrier power (average power or peak power) scan, and reported the

results of scanning to the background, which can be configured in the background shows the whole

bandwidth of the spectrum (the power of all subcarriers), channel bandwidth and PAPR RSSI,

similar to the function of spectrum analyzer.

1.1.2 Analysis of base-band interference

For broadband interference, RSSI can be observed in general to judge, therefore, interfere with

the analysis of base-band narrowband interference only. Through the analysis of base-band

frequency spectrum characteristics of each symbol in order to determine whether there is

interference. If there is interference, will be the peak position (interference location) average

(subcarriers), and peak position of the variance, more than the ratio threshold, such as the specific

results reported to the background. 1.2 The purposes and the basic principles of base-band interference analysis

1.2.1The purpose of base-band interference analysis


11

The received signals of WiMAX system, beside we need the terminal signal, may also include

other source signals, the source of the signal system where if falls on WiMAX channel bandwidth,

and up to a certain intensity, the interference has become. WiMAX systems will interfere with a

certain degree of performance degradation, such as access would cause some users uploading and

downloading speeds drop, performance instability. Serious interference will lead terminal unable to

access network and so on. Analysis of base-band interference is in accordance with the purpose of

setting the parameters of the background base-band sampling and analysis, from the surface to

determine whether there is interference. If there is interference, it will interfere with the analysis of

the results (such as the interference location) reported to the background, so that we can know

which band is the existence of interference in the band WiMAX system settings, you can

circumvent the interference of these frequencies, to improve the WiMAX system performance.

1.2.2 The principle of base-band interference analysis

According to base-band received frequency domain data for each sub-carrier power calculation,

and through 22 sub-carrier power comparison between the subcarriers from the largest power, as

peak power, and then divided by the peak power of all other sub-carrier average power , the PAPR.

The use of PAPR calculated with the background set the threshold for comparison, if the reporting

period exceeds the threshold PAPR specific ratio of the proportion of the background set to

illustrate the existence of interference, the results will be reported to the background interference.

1.3 Use instructions

1.3.1 Start conditions

WiMAX systems operating normally, the background of the single window alarms (CSIM,

MPIM, and WBPM) without warning. No user access (a user can start the scan access, but may

interfere with the baseband business and affect the results of the analysis)

1.3.2 Start Methods

1.3.2.1 Spectrum Scan

Select [View System Tools Analysis of RF / Views System Tools RF Analysis]

menu, enter the "spectrum scanning / Spectrum Scan" interface. Please refer to follow Figure 4

and Figure 5.

The more detail operation of spectrum scanning, please refer to the document of.


12

Figure 4 The opening of the spectrum scanning method

Figure 5 Opening of the methods of scanning the spectrum


13

Select [Scan Settings spectrum / Set] or click the icon on the toolbar settings to scan the network

element / NE setting, and choose to scan the antenna / Select antenna, the type of scan / Scan type

setting (power scan or peak power scan), the duration of scanning / Report working hours (m), the data

reported to the cycle / Report period (s) and so on. As follow figure 6.

Figure 6 Spectrum scanning parameters set

Choose [to start scanning the spectrum / Start] or click the icon on the toolbar to start scanning.

1.3.2.2 Analysis of base-band interference

Select [View System Tools Analysis of RF / Views System Tools RF Analysis] menu,

enter the "base-band interference analysis / Interfere Analyse" interface. As follow Figure 7 and Figure 8.


14

Figure 7 Opening of the base-band interference analysis method

Figure 8 Opening of base-band interference analysis method


15

Select [base-band interference analysis set / Set] or click the icon on the toolbar settings to scan the

network element / NE setting, and choose to scan the antenna / Select antenna, the duration of

scanning / Report working hours (m), data reported to the cycle / Report period (s) and so on. In the

"threshold PAPR" / PAPR threshold (dB) text box, enter the PAPR threshold value specific value, unit

of dB; in the "threshold than the proportion of over peak value" / Overrun PAPR threshold (%) text

box Enter "Over peak value threshold than the proportion of" the specific value of 0.01 units, enter the

20 representatives of 20%, as shown in Figure 6. Here, to determine whether to select the threshold of

interference is crucial. If the selected threshold is too low, more power will be part of the normal data

ruled Dead; if selected threshold is too high may result in undetected Dead. According to "Simulation

Analysis of Interference Rejection Report V1.1", a number of interference statistics to determine the

threshold rate and the miscarriage of justice under the ignore judge rate, and bit error rate value, and

ultimately set the threshold for interference: QPSK way to determine the interference threshold to

10.5dB, 16QAM interference approach to determine the threshold 12.5dB, check the nearest whole

number can be input. Over peak value threshold proportion can input according to requirements.

Figure 9 Analysis of base-band interference parameters


16

Choose [the beginning of base-band interference analysis / Start] or click the icon on the toolbar to

start scanning.

1.3.3 Stop method

1.3.2.3 Spectrum Scan

Select [stop spectrum scanning / Stop] or click on the toolbar to stop scanning. To stop the success of

the interface in the log to stop the success of tips given. To stop the failure of the interface in the log the

reasons for failure are given prompt.

1.3.2.4 Analysis of base-band interference

Select [Analysis of base-band to stop scanning / Stop] or click on the toolbar to stop scanning. To

stop the success of the interface in the log to stop the success of tips given. To stop the failure of the

interface in the log the reasons for failure are given prompt.

Reported the results of 1.3.2.4

1. Spectrum scanning:

Open Scan function if successful, will be given in the log to open a successful interface prompts; in

the "spectrum scanning table," observed reported RSSI, PAPR, such as data, network element every

cycle, a return to a news report in the spectrum scanning Table interface to add a record, as shown in

Figure 10.

Figure 10 Spectrum scan result

In the "scan curve plot of the spectrum" can be observed that the bandwidth of the spectrum graphics,

as shown in Figure 11:


17

Figure 11 The curve plot of spectrums scanning

Map abscissa bandwidth on behalf of the band, the representative of power ordinate.

Clear away function if the failure to open, in the log the reasons for failure are given prompt

interface.

2. Baseband interference analysis:

If you open the base-band interference analysis of the success of the interface is given in the log to

open a successful tips. If the open fails, the log gives the reasons for failure prompted interface.

After the success of start, if there is interference (ie, memory cycles calculated in the base-band

sub-carrier average power ratio PAPR PAPR set the background threshold high, and the proportion above

the threshold set to meet or exceed the proportion of the background), will be the peak position

(interference location) average (subcarriers), and peak position of the variance, more than the ratio

threshold, such as the specific results reported to the background. If every report period returns a

message, in the spectrum scanning interface will add a record, as shown in Figure 12.


18

Figure 12 Base-band interference analysis reported result

Reported the results of three major parameters:

1. The peak location (the location of interference) average / Interference Location Average, 2. That is

the figure reported to the sub-carrier, 3. From No. subcarriers can be provided in accordance with the

method followed to calculate the frequency bands where interference.

4. Peak location variance / Interference Location Variance, 5. This parameter can be compared to

determine whether interference with a fixed location in the same 6. The peak position of the variance is

zero, at one place, as the Figure peak location variance is zero of 512. 7. That interference in the 512

fixed on the sub-carrier. The deviation value is more small, 8. Interference occurred in the more fixed

position, 9. Contrarily. 10. The location of interference 11 not more fixed.

12. More than the specific ratio of the threshold / Over Threshold Ration, 13. The main report shows

that in a cycle, 14. PAPR exceeds a set threshold ratio.

If there is no interference, then there will be no background in data reporting. The definition of

interference is related to the setting threshold of PAPR and the proportion of the over threshold value.

Notes: 1. Background PAPR threshold set to 0 when data should be reported, but there is not

interference.

2. Detection of interference, the need to constantly adjust the settings background PAPR threshold, so

that the peak position reported to minimize the variance (preferably 0), this report should be the peak

position is relatively fixed to the existence of interference the location of the. Bandwidth on the 10M and

7M, the peak position of 512, corresponding to its center frequency; 5M bandwidth for the peak position


19

of 256, corresponding to its center frequency. 10M, 5M width of each sub-carrier is about 10K, 7M about

7K, it can interfere with the location value, center frequency, the width of each subcarrier to calculate

about the existence of band interference, this can also scan curves with the spectrum to see.

3. To detect the existence of band interference can be by modifying the system to the center frequency

band to avoid interference.

1.3.6.3 Other notes WiMAX as a result of the current agreements and products are constantly improved, updated

hardware and software faster than each of the requirements and objectives of the test is not entirely

consistent. Up-to-date information, therefore, to understand the changes in the parameters, the complete

network optimization is a necessary condition for network optimization is also a goal.

The guide book may be the upgrade version of change.


20

1.4 Single Station Test

1.4.1 Single station test scope and objective This document describes drive test and network statistics acceptance test procedure for Preliminary

Acceptance (PA), Final Acceptance (FA) & Stability Acceptance (SA) and RF systems performance criteria

for a WiMAX 802.16e wireless network using hardware and software provided by vendor.

The purpose of single station testing is to make sure each station works well, to avoid someone affects

the entire performance. The single test main include two parts: Single site verification test and Coverage

area verification test.

1

Documents

ZTE Wimax Opt Zte