Download pdf - 0. Overall 2zz

7/27/2019 0. Overall 2zz

1/30

PART A

DEFINITION OF INTERESTS;

Interest definition means that the cost of borrowing money or fee paid on

borrowed asets. Interest is the price that you need to pay because you are

borrowed money or, money earned by deposited funds.An interest rate is the

cost stated as a percent of the amount borrowed per period of time, usually one

year and one month. The aim of interest is to bear the risk of currency collapse in

the future. Beside that, it is to bear loss towards lender because postponing loan.

The lender or bank will increase the interest because the possibility the the value

of money might be in increase during the term of the loan. If they not increase the

interest the lender will loss.

For example :

When you take a loan out from a bank, or wherever, they will expect you to pay

interest. This means that you pay back what you took out on a loan, plus extra

money. So for example, if you took a loan out for RM500, and let's say you have

to pay it back with 15% interest, you would pay back RM575.

The ability to calculate interest is a vital part of understanding how well

you are managing your finances. Not only is interest likely a major player in

whatever debt you may owe, but it can also be a key factor in making your

money grow.

1

7/27/2019 0. Overall 2zz

2/30

HOW TO CALCULATE INTEREST ON A LOAN

1. Take a RM10,000 loan from your banking institution for 1 year and assume you

have to pay RM100 interest for one year, with a stated interest rate of 5%.

2. Calculate the effective loan rate = Interest divided by Principal or

RM100/RM10,000 = 5%.Your APR annual percentage rate is equal to the

previous stated rate.

3. Currently personal lines of credit loans and home mortgage loans will range from

the low 5% to the high 12-15% interest. Typically lines of credit will require a co-

signer and home loans often need at least 10-20% down to make the deal work.

4. Right now is a tough time to get a loan at a bank but if you have collateral such

as other properties to leverage or a car that is newer than 10 years you can use

them to borrow more money. Life insurance, stocks, bonds, and other

investments are also subject to be used as collateral.

2

7/27/2019 0. Overall 2zz

3/30

SIMPLE INTEREST

Simple interest is calculated on the original principal only. Simple interest

is normally used for a single period of less than a year, such as 30 or 60 days.

The simple interest can calculate according to the following formula:

Formula to find simple interest:

Simple Interest = p x i x n

where:

Interest = the total amount of interest paid,

Principal (p) = the amount lent or borrowed,

Rate (i) = the percentage of the principal charged as interest each

year. The rate is expressed as a decimal fraction, so

percentages must be divided by 100. For example, if the

rate is 15%, then use 15/100 or 0.15 in the formula.

Time (n) = is the time in years of the loan.

or you can use the second formula :

= Amount in Ringgit Malaysia X interest rate % X time ( in year,month ) = total

3

7/27/2019 0. Overall 2zz

4/30

For example:

Saiful borrowed RM 20,000 from the bank to purchase a car. He agreed to repay

the amount in 10 months, plus simple interest at an interest rate of 10% per year.

If shaida repay the full amount of RM 20,000 in eight months, the interest would

be :

Solution;

Amount in RM X interest rate X time

= RM 20,000 X 10% X 10 month

= RM 1666.67

If he repays the amount of RM 20,000 in fifteen months, the only change is with

time. Therefore, his interest would be:

Solution:

= RM 20,000 X 10% X 15 month

= RM 2500.00

Example 2 :

If RM 5000 is invesed for 2 years at an annual interest rate of 10%, how much

interest will be received at the end of the 2 year period?

Solution:

I = RM 5000(0.10)(2) = RM 1000

4

7/27/2019 0. Overall 2zz

5/30

S = RM 5000 + RM 1000 = RM 6000

Three other variations of this formula are used to find P, R and T:

P = I R = I T = IRT PT PR

Simple interest problems can involve lending or borrowing. In both cases

the same formulas are used.

Whenever money is borrowed, the total amount to be paid back equals the

principal borrowed plus the interest charge:

total repayments = ( principal + interest )

Usually the money is paid back in regular instalments, either monthly or weekly.

To calculate the regular payment amount, you divide the total amount to be

repaid by the number of months ( or weeks ) of the loan. Like this:

monthly payment amount = principal + interest

loan period,T,in months

or

weekly payment amount = principal + interest

loan period,T,in weeks

To convert the loan period, 'T', from years to months, you multiply it by 12, since

there are 12 months in a year. Or, to convert 'T' to weeks, you multiply by 52,

because there are 52 weeks in a year.

5

7/27/2019 0. Overall 2zz

6/30

The example problem below shows you how to use these formulas:

Example:

A student purchases a computer by obtaining a simple interest loan. The

computer costs RM1500, and the interest rate on the loan is 12%. If the loan is to

be paid back in weekly instalments over 2 years, calculate :

1. The amount of interest paid over the 2 years,

2. the total amount to be paid back,

3. the weekly payment amount.

Given: principal: 'P' = RM1500, interest rate: 'R' = 12% = 0.12,

repayment time :

'T' = 2 years

Part 1: Find the amount ofinterest paid.

interest: 'I' = PRT

= 1500 0.12 2

= RM360

Part 2: Find the total amount to be paid back.

total repayments = principal + interest

= RM1500 + RM360

= RM1860

Part 3: Calculate the weekly payment amount

total repayments

weekly payment amount = -----------------------------------loan period, T, in weeks

6

7/27/2019 0. Overall 2zz

7/30

RM1860

= -------------------2 52

= RM17.88 per week

Table of Payment Per Month (Simple Interest)

7

RMPeriod

( Month)

3000 310.00

4000 414.00

5000 517.00

6000 620.00

7000 724.00

8000 827.00

9000 930.00

10000 1,034.00

11000 1,137.00

12000 1,240.00

13000 1,344.00

14000 1,447.00

12000 1,550.00

7/27/2019 0. Overall 2zz

8/30

Table of payment are based on 2% interests per month.

(source : CIMB Islamic Bank)

COMPOUND INTEREST

A second method that you can paying interest is the compound interest method.

Compound interest means where the interest for each period is added to to the

principal before interest is calculated for the next period. Its means this principal

will grow as the interest is added to it. This method is used in investment such as

saving accounts.

Formula :

interest year 1 = p x i x n = 10,000 x .05 x 1 = 500

interest year 2 = (p2 = p1 + i1) x i x n = (10,000 + 500) x .05 x 1 = 525

interest year 3 = (p3 = p2 + i2) x i x n = (10,500 + 525) x.05 x 1 = 551.25

For example:

8

7/27/2019 0. Overall 2zz

9/30

Faizah want to buy a car. She borrowed RM 30,000 in 3 years at 5% annual

interest compounded annually:

The principal for the first year is RM 30,000.

The interest at end of the first year is

I= RM 30,000(0.05)(I) = RM 1500

The amount at the end of the first year is

S = P + I= RM 30,000 + RM 1500 = RM 31,500

The principal for the second year is RM 31,500.

The interest at the end of the second year is

I= RM 31,500(0.05)(1) = RM 1575

The amount at the end of the second year is

S = P + I= RM 31,500 + RM 1575 = RM 33,075

The principal for the third year is RM 33,075

The interest at the end of the third year is

I= RM 33,075(0.05)(1) = RM 1653.75

The amount at the end of the end year is

S= P + I= RM 33,075 + RM 1653.75 = RM 34,728.75

Formula:

9

7/27/2019 0. Overall 2zz

10/30

S = P(1 + I )n.

If RM 5000 is invested for 5 years at 9%, compunded annually, how much

interest is earned?

Solution:

S = P (1 + I ) n

S = RM 5000(1 + 0.09)5

= RM 5000(1.5386)

= RM 7693.1198

= RM 7693.12, to the nearest cent.

Since RM 5000 of this amount was the original investment, the nearest earned is

RM 7693.12 RM 5000 = RM 7693. 12

Compound Amount:

Formula :

If RMP invested for t years at a nominal interest rate, j , compunded m times per

year, then the total number of compounding period is

n = mt,

the interest rate per compounding period is

i = j ,

m

and the compound amount is

10

7/27/2019 0. Overall 2zz

11/30

S = P(1 + i )n = P (1+ j )mt m

Example:

If RM 8000 is invested for 6 years at 8%, compounded quarterly, find (a) the

compound amound, (b) the compound interest.

Solution:

(a) Since P= RM 8000, t= 6 years,j= 0.08, and m = 4 compounding

periods per year, the compound amount is given by

S = P( 1 + j )mt

m

= RM 8000(1 + 0.08) = RM 8000(1 + 0.02)244.6

= RM 8000(1.608437) = RM 12,867.50

(b) The compound interest is given by RM 12,867.50 RM 8000 = RM4867.50

Example 2:

If RM 1000 is invested for 3 years at 6%, compounded quarterly (four times a

year), what interest is earned?

Solution:

11

7/27/2019 0. Overall 2zz

12/30

Since P = RM 1000, t = 3 years, j = 0.09, and m = 4 compounding periods per

year, the total number of compounding period is

N = (4)(5) = 20,

The interest rate per period is

I = 0.09 = 0.0154

Compound amount is

S = P(1 = i)n

= RM 1000(1 + 0.015)

= RM 1000(1.346855)

= RM 1346.8557

= RM 1346. 86.

The interest is RM 1346.86 RM 1000 = RM 346.8

Table of Monthly Payment (Compound Interest)

RM Period (month)

12 24 36 48

3000 310.00 185.00 144.00 123.00

4000 414.00 247.00 192.00 164.00

5000 517.00 309.00 239.00 205.00

6000 620.00 370.00 287.00 245.00

7000 724.00 432.00 335.00 286.00

12

7/27/2019 0. Overall 2zz

13/30

8000 827.00 494.00 383.00 327.00

9000 930.00 555.00 430.00 368.00

10000 1,034.00 617.00 478.00 409.00

Table of payment are based on 2% interests per month.

(source : CIMB Islamic Bank)

Additional Information

Try to keep the interest you pay to a minimum. Your money will grow

faster if you pay little to nothing in interest compared to what you receive in

interest or appreciation of investments. This means paying off debts before you

worry about investing, because your creditors are likely going to charge a higher

interest rate than the interest rate any investment will pay out (with the possible

exception of low-interest mortgages and student loans). When you have debt, it

really is better to give than receive.

Keep in mind that when interest is compounded, it is often broken up

into smaller amounts. For example, a 12 percent annual rate that is compounded

monthly would result in 1 percent being compounded 12 times, which makes for

12.68 percent interest over a year. You can see for yourself if you follow the

formula.

13

7/27/2019 0. Overall 2zz

14/30

Calculation of All Type of Interests.

1. Know what the entire amount drawing interest is. This is the principal. For this

example, let's say the principal is RM10,000.

2. Decide if you want to calculate simple interest or compound interest. Simple

interest is a one-time charge. Compound interest builds on itself from one period

to the next. It could be compounded yearly, monthly or even daily.

3. To calculate simple interest, take the interest rate and divide by 100. If your

interest rate is 7 percent, this would turn it into .07. Now multiply that decimal by the

amount of the principal (which is RM10,000 in our example) to get the interest. In

this case, it would be RM700.

4. Calculating compound interest is more complicated. Suppose your 7 percent

interest is compounded every year, and it is for an investment, not a debt. That

means RM10,000 turns into RM10,700 after one year. The following year you would

earn interest of .07 multiplied by RM10,700, which equals RM749. Now the total

comes to RM11,449.

5. If you need to calculate compound interest over more than just a few periods

of time, it is easier to use a formula instead of repeating a calculation over and over.

14

7/27/2019 0. Overall 2zz

15/30

To do this, first add a 1 to your interest rate decimal. Therefore a 7 percent rate

would become 1.07.

6. Then convert this number to the power of your number of times the interest is

compounded. If it is once a year for 12 years, then it would be 1.07 to the 12th

power, which equals 2.25. That means your money will have grown 2.25 times at the

end of 12 years.

PART B

i) Comparison Between Laptop/Printer Prices

Package A Package B Package C

Items *Laptop

Model

Printer

Model

Laptop

Model

Printer

Model

Laptop

Model

Printer

Model

Model AsusU43JC-

WX042V

Canon

Ip100

HP

Paviliondv3-

2110TX

CanoniX4000

HP

Paviliondv4-

1412TX

CanonLBP3300

Prices RM 3,999 RM988 RM 3,699 RM 1,068 RM 3,999 RM818

Total RM4,987 RM 4,767 RM 4,817

15

7/27/2019 0. Overall 2zz

16/30

Prices

Table 1.1

ii) Personal Bank Loan

We have reviewed the three banks (Maybank,CIMB Bank and BSN) in the town

of Kuala Lipis which offering different interest rates for a loan of RM5000.

1) Maybanks Monthly Payment Schedule

Interests 11%

LoanAmount

RM/Month

Period/s

12 24 36 48 60

Monthly Repayment (RM)

5,000 462.50 254.17 184.72 150.00 129.17

10,000 925.00 508.33 369.44 300.00 258.33

16

7/27/2019 0. Overall 2zz

17/30

15,000 1,387.00 762.50 554.17 450.00 387.50

20,000 1850.00 1,016.67 738.89 600.00 516.67

25,000 2,291.67 1,250.00 902.78 729.17 625.00

Table 1.2

Calculation for the Repayment of Bank Loans :

The payment of bank loans by RM5000 for a period of three years for every

month is RM184.72.

Principal : RM 5000 Interest : 11%

RM 184.72 x 36 (month) = RM 6649.92 (repayment for 3 years)

RM 6649.92 RM 5000.00 = RM1649.90 (bank interest)

2) CIMBs Monthly Payment Schedule

Interests 24%

Loan

Amount

RM/Month

Period/s

12 24 36 48 60

Monthly Repayment (RM)

3,000 310.00 185.00 144.00 123.00 110.00

4,000 414.00 247.00 192.00 164.00 147.00

5,000 517.00 309.00 239.00 205.00 184.00

6,000 620.00 370.00 287.00 245.00 220.00

7,000 724.00 432.00 335.00 286.00 257.00

Table 1.3


17

7/27/2019 0. Overall 2zz

18/30

The payment of bank loans by RM5000 for a period of three years for

every month is RM239.00.

Principal : RM 5000 Interest : 24%

RM 239.00 x 36 (month) = RM 8604.00. (repayment for 3 years)


3) BSNs Monthly Payment Schedule

Interests 3.15% 4.75%

Loan

AmountRM/Month

Period/s

12 24 36 48 60Monthly Repayment (RM)

5,000 430.00 222.00 159.00 124.00 104.00

10,000 860.00 443.00 318.00 248.00 207.00

15,000 1,290.00 665.00 477.00 372.00 310.00

20,000 1,720.00 886.00 635.00 406.00 413.00

25,000 2,149.00 1,108.00 794.00 620.00 516.00

Table 1.4


18

7/27/2019 0. Overall 2zz

19/30

The payment of bank loans by RM5000 for a period of three years for

every month is RM159.00.

Principal : RM 5000 Interest : 4.75%



iii) Comparison Between the Personal Loan.

BankInterests

Rate (%)

Loan Amount

(each month)/RM

Loan Amount

(3 years)/RM

Bank

Interest/RM

Maybank 11% 184.72 6649.92 1649.90

CIMB 24% 239.00 8604.00 3604.00

BSN 4.75% 159.00 5724.00 724.00

Table 1.5

19

7/27/2019 0. Overall 2zz

20/30

Table 1.6

Based on the above chart, we can analyze that all banks charge different

interest rates in loans made. For example, Maybank impose an interest rate of

11%, CIMB 24%, while BSN 4.75% for loans for a year. Based on the

comparison of interest rates for the three banks, BSN interest rates is the lowest

interest, while CIMB charge the highest interest rate. From these comparisons,

we can conclude that the most suitable bank for us, as a student loan is the bank

BSN.

iv) Monthly Budget Proposal and Annual Expenses

Monthly Budget

Details___________________________Total (RM)c

INCOME

Allowance 430.00Pocket Money from Parents 150.00

Total 580.00c

EXPENDITUREFoods 300.00Topup 30.00

20

7/27/2019 0. Overall 2zz

21/30

Others 50.00

Total _380.00

Total Expenditure_________ 380.00

Balance________________ 200.00

Annualy Budget

Details___________________________Total (RM)c

INCOME

Allowance 5160.00Pocket Money from Parents 1800.00

Total 6960.00d

EXPENDITUREFoods 3600.00Topup 360.00

Others 600.00

Total 4560.00

Total Expenditure_________ 4560.00

Balance________________ 2400.00

We have selected a laptop and printer package A that offers a price of

RM4,987. Please refer to table 1.1 for more information. Our monthly income of

RM580 per month.Based on month and annual budget stated above, we are

spending a total of RM380 per month and the balance of expenditure was

RM200. So, we need to borrow from banks which only offer banks repayment

under RM200 per month for a certain period.

There were two banks of Maybank and BSN which offer a repayment of

RM200 and below per month. Maybank to impose an interest rate of 11% with

21

7/27/2019 0. Overall 2zz

22/30

repayment of RM184.72 while BSN required to 4.75% interest rate and RM

159.00 for reimbursement. With this it is clear that the BSN offers interest rates

that are not critical and affordable repayment.So, we have selected the BSN as

our preferred bank for a loan.

v) REPORT

We would like to buy the laptop and printer are both priced at RM4,987. We cannot afford to buy in cash, and we want to make a loan from the bank of

RM5000. We have reviewed the three banks (Maybank,CIMB Bank and BSN) in

the town of Kuala Lipis which offering different interest rates for a loan of

RM5000. Each bank that we were going offer different interest rates.Maybank

impose an interest rate of 11%, CIMB 24%, while BSN 4.75% for loans for a

year.

22

7/27/2019 0. Overall 2zz

23/30

Principal : RM 5000

Maybank Loan

Interest : 11%

RM 184.72 x 36 (month) = RM 6649.92 (repayment for 3 years)


CIMB Loan

Interest : 24%



BSN Loan

Interest : 4.75%



From these calculations, BSN bank offers lowest interest rates.So,we

choose BSN bank as the bank preferred to make loans.

Monthly budget

Allowance

Pocket money from parents

TOTAL

= RM430

= RM150

= RM580

Expenditure

23

7/27/2019 0. Overall 2zz

24/30

Foods

Topup

= RM300

= RM 30

Bank repayment = RM159

Others

TOTAL

= RM 50

= RM539

Income Expenditure = Balance

RM 580 RM539 = RM41

We use the RM539 monthly for expenditure, including banks for repayment of

RM159 per month.We have a balance of RM41.This balanced can be used to

purchase computer accessories.

Bank repayment

We need to pay RM159 to the bank for a month.The interest for this loan is

4.75%.We choose to pay for the next three years (36 month).RM 159.00 x 36 (month) = RM 5724.00. (repayment for 3 years)

RM 5 724.00 (bank repayment for 3 years) x 100 = 27.41%

RM 20 880.00 (income for 3 years)

24

7/27/2019 0. Overall 2zz

25/30

From these calculations, we have used a total of 27.41% of our

income for the next three years for repayment of bank. So, the use ofmoney to pay bank is not too heavy as us as a student.

REFLECTION

(AHMAD FARHAN BIN ZAINUDIN)

Alhamdulillah,finally Knowledge-Based Coursework assignments can be

completed in accordance with procedures. During the process of completing

tasks, many constraints and the obstacle to be overcome, but Alhamdulillah, all

faced with.

25

7/27/2019 0. Overall 2zz

26/30

I received this assignment from my lecturers, Madam Amalina binti

Suhaimi on August 17, 2010 and assignment questions were distributed to

classmates.This task should be done in groups of two for each group. If we lookat the issue of this journal, on August 17, 2010, my class was given two weeks to

complete this task.This makes me and friends had to chase the time to completeassignments in a short time. However, all that will be the impetus for us to

complete the task in earnest.

Within two weeks from the date of submission of assignments, and some

of my classmates had to find and gather information at the Al-Khindi Library in

evening.Many information that we collected from the books in the library.Inaddition, we also exchange information obtained to facilitate our work.With

modern technology facilities, I can find information more quickly.

Time to complete this tasks was too short.So, my partner and I had to

arrange a schedule to do this can be done at the appropriate time for us besides

we had to attend the lecture-course change in the afternoon and evening in

addition to compulsory courses in the morning.Alhamdulillah, in accordance withthe timetable, this task can be made more lancar.We also have a discussion with

other friends about this tasks.We had exchanged of views and information that

we get.As a result, our job becomes much easier when we had discussions withcolleagues.

In addition, we also went to the nearby banks such as BSN, Maybank and

CIMB.We had asked bank officials about the assignment topic.A lot of

26

7/27/2019 0. Overall 2zz

27/30

information obtained and we more understand about this assignment.Thank youto the bank officials Mr. Rashidi bin Ishak, Mr. Syed Nasrul Hakim bin Syed

Idross and Mr. Saifuddin bin Yusuf.Without information from them,probably thisassignment cant be done better than before.In addition, we also met with Mrs.

Amalina to discuss about the draft before we start our typing tasks.She had

assisted us in correcting our draft and giving evidence more about this work

procedures.

After completing this course, I can understand more about the interest rate

charged by the bank when we want to make loans bank.Besides, I can make

more accurate choices when choosing banks want to make a loan. The result of

this knowledge, I can to apply to my daily life and in the future later.

REFLECTION

(MOHAMAD YUSRA BIN MAT KASSIM)

The assignment was given on 17th August 2010 and should be submitted

to our lecturer on 3rd September 2010. Soon after I went through the task given, I

found that the assignment given were quite challenging. Therefore, I need to do

27

7/27/2019 0. Overall 2zz

28/30

my best to finish this assignment although this is my first assignment.

Nevertheless, these first assignments are quite difficult and sometimes make me

feel nervous about it.

During the preparations to do this assignment, I went through a lot of

difficulty. First at all, I couldnt get enough information regarding the task given. I

tried to surf the internet but sometimes the connection failed me. The most

important obstacles are I did not really understand what the requirements of the

assignment are.

In this IPG, I found that the library did not have enough references

regarding this assignment. Although the library was big enough and has a lot

books, it has limited reference especially a mathematic books. To overcome this

situation, my friends and I went out to the town to get further information. The first

destinations were CIMB Bank. We managed to meet Mr. Abdullah and he

explained to us about compound and simple interest. He also thought us the

interest calculation processes and suggested the most suitable interest rates

should be taken.

Soon before we leave the premises, Mr. Abdullah gave us several

pamphlets as a reference to get further understanding about interest. Then, we

went to BSN Bank to get seek other information about interest, particularly from

BSN Bank.

28

7/27/2019 0. Overall 2zz

29/30

Besides that, Im also tried to get the other information from internet.

Unfortunately, I did not get any Wi-Fi connection and I had to borrow broadband

Wi-Fi from my friends. At the same time, my understanding to the question given

was still not satisfying. Finally, with the assistant from my lectures and my

friends, I really understand the requirement of the question and the assignment

given. Although the assignment were challenging to me, in the process my

English skill and knowledge was increased e.g. the writing and reading skill. It is

because the assignment needs to be prepared in English.

Furthermore, during the process to finish this assignment, Im found that my

relationship between my friends were tightens and also our espirit de corps. We

always discussed and gave our opinion to get some ideas to finish this

assignment.

The assignment also taught me to manage my personal expenditure. The

assignment taught me not to spending money to unnecessary items. It is

because since I further my study at this IPG, I did not manage my money

properly.

Finally, my first assignment has taught me and give me experienced really

benefit to me. Ill be using the experience and knowledge to fulfill my ambition to

become a successful teacher from this IPG.

29

7/27/2019 0. Overall 2zz

30/30

ATTACHMENT