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CHAPTER 7CHAPTER 7BALANCING BALANCING

NATIONALISM AND NATIONALISM AND SECTIONALISMSECTIONALISM

• What is the Industrial Revolution?

• What product?

• Samuel Slater

• memorized spinning machine and designed1st machine in USA

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• Lowell, MA (Francis Cabot Lowell - Cloth)

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Eli Whitney

• Inventor– What are

Interchangeable Parts?

Now they can be built on an assembly line.

Assembly line + interchangeable parts

= mass production– Cotton gin

Invented:

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HENRY CLAY’S (from KY) AMERICAN SYSTEM (hoping to unite N and S sections of U.S.

economically- he fears the USA is growing apart• Agriculture in South/West and manufactured

goods from North

• Called American System >>relied on internal improvements: transportation (National Road and Erie Canal)

• How to pay for this?• President Madison proposed protective tariff

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TARIFF OF 1816TARIFF OF 1816Tax on what?Tax on what?Foreign goods more expensive>> Foreign goods more expensive>>

people more likely to buy whose people more likely to buy whose products?products?

People in the North happyPeople in the North happyHated in the South and West- resent Hated in the South and West- resent

higher priceshigher prices

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Tariff of 1816 set up to pay for internal improvements in transportation

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http://www.history.com/shows/america-the-story-of-us/videos/building-the-erie-canal#

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Adams-Onis TreatyAdams-Onis TreatySpain gave Florida to USASpain gave Florida to USAAlso gave up claim to Oregon territoryAlso gave up claim to Oregon territoryThis led to>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>This led to>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 1414

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MONROE DOCTRINE

• Aimed at European nations • “Hands off the Western Hemisphere.”• Don’t even try to create new colonies or disrupt new

republics in the Americas• We’ll stay out of European affairs, but this is our

“Sphere of Influence”

Election of 1824/ corrupt bargain

• 4 candidates for presidency Crawford, Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay and John Q. Adams Problem????

• No majority in electoral college• What happens?

• corrupt bargain

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• Henry Clay swayed the votes in the House to J. Q. Adams

• Behind the scenes deal made>>>>Adams becomes President and Henry Clay gets a new job as Sec. of State

• >> Jackson calls it a corrupt bargain

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KING ANDREW THE FIRST

• What does this cartoon suggest about Jackson’s attitude towards the Constitution?

• How does this cartoon specifically comment on Jackson’s use of presidential power?

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ANDREW JACKSON• Won 1828 election.• Appealed to common

man.• Opposed wealthy,

elitist interests and agendas.

• Spoils system• Practice of giving

people that supported them govt. jobs

• spoils• Referred to as his

Kitchen cabinet-

INDIAN REMOVAL ACT (1830)

• Settlers want land• Jackson’s thoughts:• Assimilation won’t work.• Solution: Move Indians west.> Indian Removal Act• Cherokee bring case to Supreme Court in Worchester

vs. GA• Even though the Cherokee won recognition and that

Georgia was not allowed to invade their land, Pres. Jackson refused to abide by the Supreme Court decision

• “ John Marshall made his decision, now let him enforce it”

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Why is it called the TRAIL OF TEARS?

• Cherokee forced off their land

• 1,000 miles west- 25% died on the journey

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NULLIFICATION THEORY• GB tries to flood US with cheap goods• Govt. raised tariff (taxes) to protect American

industry • Called Tariff of Abominations by John C

Calhoun• tariff• North getting rich at South’s expense.• Could the states question the federal govt?

• “If the Constitution had been established by 13 sovereign states, then each had the right to nullify a federal law it considered unconstitutional.”- nullification theory

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South Carolina rebels

• 1832: SC rejects another tariff. SC declares them unconstitutional

• Threatened to secede.• Federal troops marched to enforce law.

• Eventually, a solution was found, crisis avoided, for now

• States’ rights = major cause of Civil War.

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HARRISON AND TYLER• Wm. H. Harrison wins 1840

election and soon dies of pneumonia (he was only president for 30 days)

• - V.P John Tyler succeeds Harrison

• Referred to as “His Accidency” 1841-45