Download pdf - 2012 06 Camion Truck & Bus Magazin

7/23/2019 2012 06 Camion Truck & Bus Magazin

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2012-06-camion-truck-bus-magazin 1/84

kwrê}anoõu

h}ö}

BjmhwoWhidajwmCJD

Cim#Jchwiej ]wxen Uakp

9$ ]ònòoi Gxuvbhuv}i rêo ― Ewhmk Idkrhoo :7

ho|k ― ukbŚwgjwê} }jeak`wêb

kork ukbŚwrhwuhdy `yŚv}huhi

JB EB 18 B] Bjuui mjwxrjo

ho`j CKO rjuö}i rkd}j}õ

djxo} Njd`kk V$H$

NHDPKW]A ] 21<

Irhek U}wjoiu OD@Dj}xwjo \kphwGhmwifbujx}k 7<:7 ― Jcuv}hwmjc

Chwehmhu#Ghdv

Jd}kuÖf uvh`chduj oê}aj}êwkd*

Bkwm ]wjdu i } Exu }kc R i oê`|whc ih

w ― G iwc id ajc

Ö f n j }h`õw ij j Bkwm aju vkd

`é| fêwcź#|j oh } }ê fêd *

Uejdij @ =<< + Hxwk R }huv}—òkgêock}kwwjo–

:7+2 FÖDIXU ‧ ÊW J6 =98 B}

0 0 : 8 1 2 1 0 7 < < 1

2<<7:

JUVKD@É\FÊWCż/ ÊWX#

UVHCÉOYUVÊOOÃ]ÊUI UVJNOJ\

CJIO6 ejcgxuLax$id}hw$dh}

]HWDH]6 ppp$ejcikd}wxen$ax

]HWDJ]IKDJO ]WXEN " RJD " GXU

EKJEA KB ]AH YHJW–

HWRHVH] A IRJ]JOKU OJ\FJ


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2012-06-camion-truck-bus-magazin 2/84MJB Axd`jwy Nb}$ ° ppp$mjb}wxenu$ax+j}h

Jv Òd dyhwhué`huué`h j ci eéoxdn Ghcx}j}nkvin jv J]h$ MJB Jmrjdehm ]wjdu|kw} Hbbieihdey/ jvjv Bhfoh}} Uvêooã}êui Aj}énkdyuê`$

Iddkrj}ãr ch`komêukn }êwaêvj/ jchoyhn niajdùöoykvvên honò}hohvh}}ué`ÿdnh} j aj}énkdyuê` cjqicjoivêoêuj/j `jvmjuê`ku ÿvhchoéu k|}icjoivêoêuj éu j nòwdyhvh}i aj}êukn cidicjoivêoêuj iwêd}$ @yŚvŚmfòd ch` ujfê} cj`j

iu hvhnwŚo jv hoŚdyònwŚo j MJB öf EB18 éu QB:<8 J]h nÿoòdoh`hu nijmêuö dyhw`hu rkd}j}õirjo*

ÉwmhnoŚmfòd MJB cêwnjnhwhunhmŚfédéo rj`y oê}k`juuj ch` j ppp$mjb}wxenu$ax+j}h phgkomjo}*Chw} jv Òd dyhwhué`huué`h j ci eéoxdn$

mwirhd gy zxjoi}y




http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2012-06-camion-truck-bus-magazin 4/84 ]JW]JOKC

7=

72

71

5=

=<

87

8=

21

7

A k w r ê } a

C i n o õ u É o h } ö }

B j m h w o W h i d a j w

m

CJ D

C i m #J c h w i e j ] w x

e n U a k p

9$ ] ò n ò o i G x u v b h

u v } i r ê o ― E w h m k I d

k r h o o : 7

U v h o | k ― u k b Ś w g j

w ê } } j e a k w ê b

R k o r k u k b Ś w r h w u h d

y y Ś v } h u h i

MJ B E B 18 B ] B j u u

i m j w x r j o

G h o j C K O r j u ö

} i r k d } j } õ

W h d j x o } N j d k k

V$ H$

N H D P K W ] A ] 2 1 <

I r h e k U } w j o i u O D @

D j } x w j o \ k p h w

G h m w i f b u j x } k 7 < : 7

― J c u v } h w m j c

C h w e h m h u # G h d v

J d } k u Ö f u v h c

h d u

j o ê } a j } ê w k d *

B k w m ] w j d u i }

E x u } k c

R i o ê | w h c

i h w ― G i w c i d

a j c

Ö f n j } h õ w i

j j B k w m a j u

v k d é | f ê w c

ź # | j o h } } ê f ê

d *

U e j d i j @ = < < + H x w

k R } h u v }

— o k g ê o c k } k w w j o –

9 00:2 7<<

<7

E j c i k d

] w x e n " G x u

7 < : 7

f ö d i x u

Gxuvrioê`

AÊ]]ÉWI\JW 8<

Ré`h j fhojmõ#cê`dhuhvéudhn;

Ci} nj|djn j fêwcźrhvh}Śn euhwégh;

GXUVGHCX]J]Õ 8:

▿ Öffêuvÿoh}h}} okdmkdi hchoh}huhn

▿ Ewhmk Idkrhoo :7 ― ahoynòvi/ uvõoõ

jx}õgxuv

CIMIGXUV#GHCX]J]Õ 8=

Ei}igxu ― rêwkui#hoŚrêwkui jx}õgxuv

Uvjncji bõwxc

HQNOXVÃR 82

Akwrê}a Cinoõu ― cxdnêu érhn

j Axd`jwkejcikddêo éu j ]ahwck Nid`déo

FÒRŜNÉ\ 89DJGI ― jx}õgxuvkn cźjdyj`

njwkuuvéwiêrjo ― `yêwoê}k`j}êu

Di] AXD@JWY AÃWHN 27

▿ ]jì }joêonkvõn6

êwhoŚdy j rhwuhdyné|huué`éw}

▿ ]ÊCK\ |êoyêvj}6 uinhwhu éwmhn#

né|riuhoh}i bhooé|éu

▿ Nòvö}i fêwcźchd}éu

▿ Nhwén|êw j oh`fkgg cj`yjw idmxoõdjn

CNBH AÃWHN 2=

Bkd}ku uvjncji idbkwcêeiõn

N]I WKRJ] 22

Fhohd}Śu érnòvi chdh}whdmi rêo}kvêukn

Njohimkuvnõ|

NI]HNID]ÉU 21

Nhdpkw}a ] 21<

NJCIKDU\KW] 0<

▿ —J– ck}kwku CJD#hnnho j `yŚvhohcéw}

▿ ]WK―@kkmyhjw h`yÿ}}cźnòméu

\IOÕ]ÊN RÉOHCÉDYH 07

X}jn/ x}jukn/ x}jvêukn•

CKMHOONIWJNJ] 0=

Aj cêweixu/ jnnkw FjgghnhNJOHIMKUVNÕ\ 08/ 09

Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 ▿ ]jw}jokc

9$ G X U V B H U

V ] I R Ê O

― ] Ò N Ò O 7 < : 7

Födixui akwivkd}

JN]XÊOIU =

Gxuvgjohuh}hn j |juuvãr giv}kduê`

uvhc|kd}fêgõo ― Mw$ Ridevh#\j| Uêdmkw

!FÊBI#Jx}õnx} Céwdòni Nb}$) hoŚjmêuj

OJ\VÊW]J ―

HUHCÉDYHN ÉU \WK@WJCKN 2―:5

J AÕDJ\ ]ÉCÊFJ :=

9$ Gxuvbhuv}irêo ― ]ònòo 7<:7

― j ajvji jx}õgxuv|ije uhwhùvhcoéfh

Fêwcź éu b hoé|ã}cédy

DJ@Y]HAHWGHCX]J]Õ 7=

▿ Ajvji MJB nÿoòdoh`huué`hn ― mjwxu#

dyhw`huhn j }êrrhvh}én#é|ã}éughd

▿ Irhek U}wjoiu OD@ Dj}xwjo \kphw

― euh||bkoyõuã}k}} bòom`êvvjo

DJ@Y]HAHW]HUV] 71

Uejdij @ =<< + Hxwk R

NIU]HAHW#GHCX]J]Õ 5<

Whdjxo} Njd`kk V$H$

DHCVH]NÒVI BÕWXC 5=

Bkwm ]wjdui} Exu}kc ― rioê`|whcihw

― Giwcidàjci Ajuvkdfêwcź Niêooã}êu

Whbohn}kw

NHWHUNHMHOHC ÉU UVKO@ÊO]J]ÊU 52

CJD ― hwhmcédyhn éu öfmkduê`kn

UKBŜWRHWUHDY 51

—Cidmhd euh|| uvêcã}*–

Rkork ]wxenu ― hcghw éu `é| `yŚvhoch

FÊWCżÊ]JMÊU =<

Öfjgg Whdjxo} \whcixc Bok}}j― Uvhchwhy ]wjdu|kw} Vw}$

Cźuvjni aê}}éw

DHCVH]NÒVI BÕWXC =7

Ekdu}wxcj 7<:7

CXDNJ@É\ GHCX]J]Õ ==

Ckvmkdy `xcinhwhnhnhd

NÒVOHNHMÉUGIV]KDUÊ@ =2

▿ Id}hooi`hdu rhvh}éu}êck`j}õ whdmuvhwhn

▿ Gh}kdnhcédy gkwxoêu

GIV]KDUÊ@]HEADINJ =9Idmã}êu`ê}oõn oh`öfjgg `hdhwêeiõfj



@ykwujd J#gõo G#gh$

Ojuujd j }hoi }jdn}õo jv ÿwhui`$Jv öf Je}wku$ J `jvmjuê`kuuê` öf michdviõfj$

Jnêw 2(#njo niuhgg bk`yjuv}êu jv Hxwk R#òu ck}kwwjo/ éu jnêw 5(#njo niuhgg bk`yjuv}êu jv Hxwk#RI#kuujo ―

jv öf Je}wku j cźuvjni öfmkduê`kn koyjd rêojuv}énê} nãdêofj/ jchooyho jv ö} cidmhd cé}hwéd |édv} }jnjwã}aj}ch`$ J cku} uvéwij}jw}kvén Bohh}Gkjwm¤ whdmuvhwdhn nòuvòdah}Śhd Òd }krêggi :<(#ku ch`}jnjwã}êu} éwah} ho$Jv hwhmcédy h`y h`yhmi éu nòo}uéàj}énkdy ch`komêu$ÉwménoŚmfòd airj}joku Chwehmhu#Ghdv cêwnjnhwhunhmŚfédéo j ppp$chwehmhu#ghdv$ax+}hahwjx}k[hw}hnhui}hu

id}hwdh}hu eãchd$



Mw$ Ridevh#\j| Uêdmkw

Ö`y }źdin/ j nòvö}i nòvohnhméu#ahv h`yhoŚwh cé` horêojuv}aj#}j}ojdxo nj|eukoõmdjn j nòvö}igjohuh}hn/ chw} jako uhghuué`rjd/ k}} jv ÿ}nòvéu ohah}Śué`é#rho iu uvêckodi nhoo$ Dideu |kd#}ku jmj} jwwõo/ érhd}h aêdy gjo#huh} }òw}édin j Bòomòd/ aêdyjduéwÿodhn ch` nòddyhgghd/rj`y uöoykujd éu aêdyjd rhuvã#}in jv éoh}ÿnh} jv x}jnkd/ j aj#}jocju jdyjì nêwknwõo dhc iughuvéorh$ Eujn gheuÿo} jmj}kn#njo }joêonkvaj}xdn$ Mh aj cêwhvhnh} j nêwhuh}hnh} dhc }xm# fxn }ho fhu nòwźhd ninÿuvòg òo#di/ jddyi} }hah}ÿdn/ ak`y cid#mhd} honòrh}ÿdn ö`y j gjohuh#}hn ch`hoŚvéuééw}/ cid} j cêwghnòrh}nhvh}} gjohuh}hn nòrh}#nhvcédyhidhn euònnhd}éuééw}$Hv x}õggi houŚukwgjd j fêwcź#`yêw}õn bhojmj}j$J giv}kduê`kujgg fêwcźrhn `yêw}êuêwj rjoõ }òwhnréu }hwcé#uvh}hu i`édynéd} chwÿo} bho jvjx}õvêu cêw }ògg cid} :<< érhu}òw}édh}h ukwêd$ Rko} éu rjd bho#jmj} gŚrhd/ aiuvhd jv h`ywh uvj#|kwkmõ uvêcö fêwcźêookcêdyh`ywh }ògg gjohuh}h} knkvk}}/hvéw} rko} éu rjd iu uvé| uvêcöhoohdvŚfh jv jx}õvêudjn$J `é|fêwcźrhnnho nj|eukoj}#gjd aêwkc nÿoòdgòvŚ giv}kd#uêì bjn}kwwõo ghuvéoÿdn$▿\wichw giv}kduê`$ Dhrhvvÿn

jn}ãr giv}kduê`djn iu$ J `é|fêw#cźrhn koyjd nkdu}wxneiõu ch`#komêuji} fhohd}i/ jchoyhn ohah}Ś#ré }huvin j gjohuh}hn honhwÿoé#ué}$ Imh }jw}kvdjn houŚukwgjd jgiv}kduê`ku nkwcêdyvêu} éu bé#nhvéu} fhohd}Ś ghwhdmhvéuhn/ mhj fkgg ö}}jw}êu hoŚuh`ã}Ś huvnò#vòn iu hggh j }êw`ynòwgh ukwko#aj}õn$▿ Uvhnxdmhw giv}kduê` rj`ycêu dérhd |juuvãr giv}kduê`$Jv hggh j nòwgh }jw}kvõ cź#uvjni nijojnã}êukn/ ghwhdmhvé#uhn j cêw ghnòrh}nhvh}} gjo#huh} |ioojdj}êgjd oé|dhn cźnò#méugh$ Imh }jw}kvin j giv}kduêìòr/ j oé`vuên/ jv òuuvhdykcõmõ/hdhwìjhodyhoŚ nkwcêdykuvok|/j nijnjmõ oêg|hmêokn/ rj`y kww#ck}kw huh}éd j bhdénohchv joêeuöuvõ ck}kw$ Dyiorêd j niuhgg

fêw cźrhn huh}éghd nhrhuhggohah}Śué`ÿn rjd j nkdu}wxn}Ś#wòndhn/ mh cidéo dj`ykgg }hu}źh`y fêwcź/ jddêo }ògg ohah} j|wichw giv}kduêì ch`komêu$Ujfdku j `yjnkwoj} dhc cidmhdhuh}ghd i`jvkofj hv} j né}ué`}h#ohd joj|}é}ho}/ chw} h`y dj`y#}hu}ź fêwcź iu ohah} nhréugé giv#}kduê`ku/ cid} h`y `kdmkujdnibhfohuv}h}} uvhcéoy`é|nkeui$▿ ]hweihw giv}kduê`$ Wi}nêdajuvdêo} bk`jokc/ hv i`jvêgõo jgjohuh}hn x}êdi `ykwu uh`ã}ué`#dyöf}êu} hoŚuh`ã}Ś whdmuvhwhnh}!|o$ UKU uh`éoyaãrõ ghwhdmhvéu)ioo$ j giv}kduê`ku éu nédyhochuÿvhchoéuuho nj|eukoj}ku fêwxoé#nku uvko`êo}j}êuknj} fhohd}i$Riuuvj}éwrh j |juuvãr giv}kduê`#wj/ jv x}õggi ér}ivhmghd j `yj#ok`ku hoÿ}éuhn nihcho} nx}j}êui

}hwÿoh}}é rêo}jn/ öf nò#rh}hocédyhnh} aj}ê#

wkv}jn ch` j fêwcź bwkd}wéuvé#wh rkdj}nkvõjd$H`y/ jv ö}wj uvid}h chwŚoh`hu/dj`y bhoÿoh} uvid}h |id`|kd`#ÿ}Śnéd} éwi j `yjok`ku}/ cã`h`y oh`òcgòoyã}h}} uvéoź/ bhwmhbhoÿoh}wŚo j `yjok`ku oh bk` `òw#mÿodi$ J cji nkwuvhwź niugxuvk#nkd/ }wjduv|kw}hwhnhd uvid}hnivêwõoj` ioyhd bwkd}nijojnã}ê#uknj} oê}aj}xdn$ Uvhwhdeuéwh$J }krêggijngjd eujn j |juuvãrgiv}kduê` uvhc|kd}fji} rivu#`êofxn/ houŚukwgjd jx}õgxuvkn#wj rkdj}nkv}j}rj$ Hgghd j }é#cjnòwghd éwmhchu h`y nieui}riuuvj}hnid}hdi j fêwcźi|jw }òw#}édh}égh$ J |juuvãr giv}kduê`j}yfêdjn jv j|fj wéréd cj`yjwGjwédyi Géoê}/ j Chwehmhu `yêwvuhdiêoiu céwdòné} }jw}fj j fêw#cźi|jwi }òw}édh}ãwêu$ Dhc ré#oh}ohdÿo$ ]ògg cid} 78<< uvj#gjmjocêdjn fhohd}Śu aêdyjmjuvko`êo}j j |juuvãr giv}kduê`k}$Cxdnêuuê`êdjn bédynkwj j né}rioêàêgkwö nòvé huh}} éu dhcjonk}k}} aiêgj/ chw} j |juuvãrgiv}kduê` rhvéwhor oh}} jv jx}õ#`yêw}êugjd$J fêwcźi|jwi céwdònòn cêw jQQ$ uvêvjm =<#hu érhi}Śo ch`#uvêook}}jd mko`kv}jn j `é|fêw#cźrhn giv}kduê`kujggê }é}h#oéd$ Bhfoh}} }headinêfö/ ÿ}nòvéui}huv}hnwh jonjocju rivu`êoõah#oyhnh}/ jv hcghw} fõo ahoyh}}h#uã}Ś gêgxnj} éu jv hcghwi }hu}#wh fhoohcvŚ éw}énhn fhojmõi}/céwŚoêdeknj} bhfohuv}h}}hn ni$Hddhn hoohdéwh jv 8<#hu érhn ré`éd j @hdhwêo Ck}kwu jnnkwihodònh ö`y dyioj}nkvk}}/ ak`yjv jx}õnnjo uhcci gjf/ dhc Śn knkvvên j gjohuh}hnh}/ ajdhcjv hcghwhn/ Śnh} nhoo ê}dhrho#di$ Hnnkw jv XUJ#gjd érhd}h 2<<<< hcghw ajo} ch` nòvö}i gjo#huh}ghd* !Cjdj|uê` 5< <<< ― juvhwn$)Jv H`yhuÿo} Êoojckn jx}õ`yêw#}êuj néuŚgg iu uknj} }h}} j |ju#uvãr giv}kduê` nx}j}êuêéw} éubhfohuv}éuééw}/ mh Hxwõ|j uhc

Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 ▿ Födixui akwivkd}=

H@G 1< uvêcö hoŚãwêu

nòrh}hocédyh6 ÿwhu

rivu`êojdmõ ÿoéu/

7 gêgx !5< nc+õwj

uhghuué`/ :< ` ojuuxoêu)

Jn}xêoiu

GXUVGJOHUH]HN J \JUUVÃRGIV]KDUÊ@ UVHC\KD]FÊGÕO@é|fêwcź#uvjnéw}Śi uvhcidêwixc ― ]j}j 7<:7

Jv hcghwêomkvj}}jo iu fêwõ nòvö}i gjohuh}hn aãwhidhn ajooj}êd/ rj`y oê}rêdyêd cidmhdnidhn

òuuvhuvkwxo j ykcwj éu ch`whdmÿo rjojchddyiwh$ Nÿoòdòuhd i`jv hv j }ògg x}ju} éwid}Śjx}õgxuv#gjohuh}hn ajooj}êd$ HwwŚo j }écjnòwwŚo }jw}k}} hoŚjmêu} Mw$ Ridevh#\j| Uêdmkw

j FÊBI#JX]ÕNX] Céwdòni Nb}$ ÿ`yrhvh}Ś i`jv`j}õfj/ j cêw 51$jonjokccjo ch`whdmhvh}} @é|fêwcź Uvjnéw}Śi Uvhcidêwixcéu Fêwcźjnjméciêd$Jv IgG Axd`jwy Nb}$ ÿ`yrhvh}Śfédhn/ Mw$ id`$ NŚbjori@yxoêdjn j dhréahv bźvŚmŚ cj`ju uvãdrkdjoö whdmhvrédyhn }xojfmkdné||hd jv i`jvuê`ÿ`yi é|fêwcźuvjnéw}Śn érhu}krêggné|véuédhn iu }hnid}ah}Śhn$ J uvêcku ni}źdŚhoŚjmêugõo cku} hv} j }écjnòw} hchofÿn ni$



jx}õgxuv akcoknbjoêgõo nidyö#oõ oònaêwã}õ nkdu}wxneiõd$Cidmné} gjohuh}wh fhoohcvŚhn j|juuvãr giv}kduê` givkdyku ai#êdykuuê`ji/ j ghnò}h}ohd x}ju}bhdyh`h}Ś rhuvéoyhn éu j `é|#nkeuirhvh}Śn ré`vh}hu aigêi$Jx}õgxuv} `yêw}jdi iu/ rhvh}di iudj`y bhohoŚuué`$

]õ}a I$ @êgkw

cjwjm} oh$ Jv hocöo} 7< érghduvêcku nx}j}êui |wk`wjc id#mxo} }ògg kwuvê` wéuvré}hoérho/}ògg ioyhdghd j FÊBI#JX]ÕNX]iu nkdvkweixci wéuv}rhrŚ rko}$Cj`yjwkwuvê`kd jv jx}õgxuvkn |juuvãr giv}kduê`êdjn nx}j}êujcêw j 0<#hu érhn}Śo gkwxoêukuojgkwrivu`êoj}knnjo idmxo}/ éudj`ykd ukn ajuvdku }j|juv}j#oj}k} hwhmcédyhvh}}$ J gkwã}êu1<< cc cj`ju êoorêdywõo }òw}é#din h`y ohf}Śu }hwÿoh}wh$Jv jx}õgxuvkn gkwxoêuj gjo#huh}hn huh}éd êo}joêgjd euhnéoyakuuviwêdyö uhghuué`déo nòrh}#nhvin gh/ hvéw} iu ioyhd jv hoŚãwêuinòrh}hocédy/ mh jvéw} midjci#nxu gkwã}êui nãuéwoh}hnwh iu uvÿn#ué` ohddh }hofhu bhouvhwho}ué`#`ho/ }hoh gêgx —x}juknnjo–/ euk#cj`knnjo/ nÿoòdgòvŚ uhghuué#`hndéo$ Hv ã`y h`yuvhwźdhn éuokìnxudjn }źdin/ mh `kdmko# fxn ho —chddyigh nhwÿo h`y uvh#céoy`é|nkeui éu chddyighnhwÿo h`y }hofhuhd bhouvhwho} jx#}õgxuv; Dhc h`yuvhwź néwméuhv* Riuvkd} oédyh`huhd koeuõggj midjcinxu ckmhoohvéu/ jchoy#ahv cj cêw jv idbkwcj}inj nirê#oõ ohah}Śué`hnh} }xm dyöf}j#di$ Gh}ê|oêoaj}õjn jv jdyj`kn ch}jook`wêbiji }xojfmkduê`ji/j nÿoòdgòvŚ gjohuh}i uvi}xêei#õn ckv`êuji éu cé` uvêckucêu jmj}/ cjfm j uvêcã}õ`é|hu|wk`wjc nòvoi jv hwhmcédyhnh}$Rjddjn cêw ioyhd uvkb}rhwhn/ mhhvhn cé` dhc i`jvêd cx}j}fên jv jx}õgxuvkn nkdu}wxneiõu nÿ#oòdgòvŚué`hi}$ \éomjnéd} hcoã#}hc/ ak`y bwkd}êoiu ÿ}nòvéudéocêunéd} wkdeukoõmin jv òdakw#mõ njwkuuvéwij éu cêunéd} jv jo#rêvju gxuv$Dj`y `kdm jv iu/ ak`y cã` juvhcéoy`é|nkeuindêo `jvmj`}j|juv}joj}kn ajockvõm}jn bho/jv jx}õgxuvkn |juuvãr rémho#céwh rkdj}nkvõjd/ joi` ohoah#}Ś bho uvjniwkmjokc$ UŚ}/ j oé}h#vŚ |juuvãr giv}kduêì hoŚãwêukn iu idnêgg gheuoéuhnwh é|ÿodhn/cid} }òwéu}huv}hnwh$ Cêw }xm# fxn/ ak`y jv ÿoéuhn wò`vã}éué#dhn uvioêwmuêì hoŚãwêuji/ rj`yj giv}kduêì òrhn wò`vã}éui hoŚ#ãwêuji joxo}hwrhv}h}}hn$ J nòvho#cöo}gjd né}/ dj`ykd uöoyku jx#}õgxuv#gjohuh} }òw}éd} nÿobòo#mòd éu hvhn |juuvãr giv}kduêìhohcvéuh }ògg chòh|Ś nòrh}#nhv}h}éu} hwhmcédyhvh}}$

H`yi|}kc ― Axwàjmj

7<::$ dkrhcghw 2$

Cj`yjw }xwiu}jeuk|kw} }jw}k}}ÿmÿoŚahoyÿnwŚo j njiwõi wh|#}éw bhoé h`y hcho} |jmoõuvid}huahoynòvi nijojnã}êuö jx}õgxuv#uvjo$ J uãn/ uirj}j`ku }êfkd ê}#chdŚ kwuvê`ö}kd j `é|nkeui#rhvh}Ś h`y dj`yãrź fkggku nj#dyjwgjd horhuv}h}}h jv xwjocê}j fêwcź bhoh}}/ jv komjoêwj gkwxo#rj euöuvk}} }krêgg ò}rhd cé#}hw}$ Hnòvghd jv jgojnkn ni}òw#}hn/ cinòvghd 79#hd uéwÿo}hn ch` éu ::#hd rhuvã}h}}én éoh#}ÿnh}$ J uéwÿoéuhndhn/ ioo$ j gjo#huh}dhn }ògg knj iu rko}6▿J gxuv }öovk}} uhghuué`h$▿Jv ö}|jmnj wkuuv niné|véuh$▿Jv x}jukn wò`vã}h}ohdué`h$▿J eukcj`kn j eukcj`}éw gjo#komjoêd vuöbkoõm}jn òuuvh$▿Jv komjoÿrh`hn ni}òw}hn/ jvêomkvj}kn wéuvghd nihu}hn/ }hu}#wéuvhinnho nioõ`}jn j gxuv ghouŚ}hwégŚo éu hv êo}jo uöoyku/ ajoê#oku uéwÿoéuhnh} uvhdrhm}hn$▿ Jv x}ju}éwghd hoahoyhvh}}eukcj`kn wêvxajd}jn jv x}j#uknwj$Bho}źdŚhn j gxuvkd j nhunhdy/`yhd`h }h}Ś}jw}õ kuvok|kn iu$J uöoyku uéwÿoéuhnh} knkvõ jg#ojnni}òwéuhn ch`jnjmêoykvêuê#wj jv komjoÿrh`hvéuhnh} iu/ jnêwj uvéorémŚ}/ wj`juv}k}} ÿrh`#gŚo nhoohdh néuvã}hdi éu j réuv#nifêwj}i jgojnknj} jddjn nhwh}é#rho h`yÿ}} nioònah}Śdhn nhoohdhch`}hwrhvdi$ Dòrhodi nhoohdhjv ÿoéuohnò}éuhn uvioêwmuê`ê} éurê`õhuvnòv} nhoohdh hoahoyhvdij gxuvkngjd j giv}kduêì òrhn ê}rê`êuêwj/ aj gjohuh} }òw}édin$Ch`mògghd}Ś/ ak`y jv jx}õ#gxuv riuvkdyoj` euhnéoy wkdeuk#oõmêuj chddyiwh dideu jwêdy#gjd jv êomkvj}kn dj`y uvêcê#rjo$ Rjoõuvãdźuã}ah}fÿn/ ak`y ajjv i}} fhovh}} nkdu}wxneiõu cõmk#uã}êuknnjo whdmhonhvh}} rkodj jvjx}õgxuv éu cidmhd x}ju gh oh}}rkodj nò}rh/ }joêd uhdni uhc ajoch`$

Urêfe ― Uikd#Uihwwh joj`ö}

7<:7$ cêweixu :5$

J }éoi ÿmÿoéuÿngŚo ajvjbhoé }jw}õdéch} éu akoojdm miênknj} uvêo#oã}õ jx}õgxuv Uihwwh nòvué` bhoŚoghajojm} j né}|êoyêu/ ni}źdŚhdch`rioê`ã}k}} joj`ö}gj$ Akvvê#rh}Śoh` 0<#1< nc+õwj uhghuué`#déo h`yuvhweujn j chdh}iwêdy

uvhwid}i fkgg komjoi uicj bjodjn euj|õmk}} éu j gxuv j uvhcnòv#}i uêr iwêdyêgj |j}}jd}$ Hnnkw j`é|nkeuirhvh}Ś chìfhm}/ riuv#uvjwêd}k}}j j nkwcêdy} fkggbhoé/ éu jnnkw h`y réuvnifêwj}idyãoêu nhwhuv}iwêdyö bjoêwj ÿ}nò#vò}} bho/ uvid}h chwŚoh`huhd$Honé|vhoah}Ś/ ak`y h`y |ioojdj}joj}} cioyhd ojuuxoêu fòah}h}}oé}wh* Jv h`yfêwcźrhu gjohuh}#ghd 71#jd chàjo}jn/ éu 7=#hdchùéwÿo}hn$ Cidmhv jvéw} }òw#}éd}/ chw} j `é|nkeuirhvh}Ś j`yhwhnhn hockdmê#uj uvhwid} MRM oh#chv} jnjw} euhwéodi/kmjdévh}} éu jchw#wh dévh}}/ jwwj aöv}jj nkwcêdy}$J ukn/ uöoyku uéwÿ#oéu jggõo iu jmõmk}}/ak`y dhceujn j giv#}kduêì òrhn wò`vã}é#ui |kd}fji/ ajdhc jvÿoéuhn iu niuvjnjm}jn j ahoyÿnwŚo$ Hnnkwjuhghuué`déo j nòrh#}hocédyhn uvhwid}iÿoéuohnò}éui uvioêwm#uê` dhc jm rémho#ch}$ Hv jv hoŚãwêu ê}#`kdmkoêuwj uvkwxo$J cj `yêw}k}} jx#}õgxuvknkd j `yź#wŚmŚvõdj }xojfmkd#né||hd j rhvh}Ś}h#wh} fhohd}i éu hvhdjv jx}õgxuvkd uhcrko} cêu rémhohc$ Ninhoo mko`kvdi j akc#oknbjo uvioêwmuêì nò#rh}hocédyhi} iu/ éuho`kdmkonkmdi jv

Fö di xu i ak wi vk d} ▿ Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 8



DHCVH]I BHFOHUV]ÉUI

CIDIUV]ÉWIXC

Ö}mãfwhdmuvhw#rêo}kvêuJ ch`}h}} ö}}jo jwêdyku/ hohn}#wkdinxu ö}mãf whdmuvhwahv j }h#ahw`é|fêwcźrhn nò}hohvŚhdeuj}ojnkvdjn j 7<:5 dyjwêwj }hw#rhvh}} idmxoêunkw$ J ghrhvh}éu#uho h`yimhfźoh` j nòvö}i bxrjwk#võn dòrhnrŚ }hwahi} hoohduöoyk#võ id}évnhméuhn oé|dhn éoh}gh$J uvhcéoy`é|nkeuin éu jx}õgx#uvkn j fhohdohì h#cj}wieêu whdm#uvhwghd cjwjmdjn$ H fêwcźrhn#nho òdnéd}huhd ohah} cjfm ê}#êoodi oh`nkwêggjd j ghrhvh}éux}êd béo érrho$ Jv huh}i ajuvdê#oõn ã`y fhohd}Śu ch`}jnjwã}êu}éwah}dhn ho jv h#cj}wieêu mã# fjnakv né|hu}$ J whdmuvhwhuhddj`y }êrkouê`wj x}jvõn |hmi`}krêggwj iu éoah}dhn jv ê}joêdy#mãf dyöf}k}}j hoŚdyònnho$J Nkwcêdy aj}êwkvj}k} akvk}} jch`}h}} ö}}jo jwêdyku hohn}wkdi#nxu mãfuvhméu ghrhvh}éuérho òuv#uvhbÿ``Ś bhojmj}knwõo/ jv idmx#oõ whdmuvhw joj|rh}Ś cźnòméuinhwh}hiwŚo$ Jv Hxwõ|êgjd uvéohunòwghd ho}hwfhm} ch`komêuujo jvö}bhdd}jw}êu nòo}ué`hi} jv x}j#nj} ajuvdêoõn jv i`édyghré}hoohojwêdykujd bhmhvin$ J }hahwbkw`j#okc nih`yhduöoykvk}}jgg mãf}hw#ahoéuh oh`joêgg wéuvghd hoohd}é#}hohvah}i jv kwuvê`kd ê}ajojmõnjcikdkn êo}jo knkvk}} ö}êooj#|k}wkcoêu} éu nòwdyhvh}uvhd#dyhvéu}$ Jv h#ö}mãf ghrhvh}éuhj rjuö} |êoyjmãfjn cij}} bhddêo#oõ rhwuhdyaê}wêdyêdjn céwuén#oéué} hwhmcédyhvi$ Êo}joj dŚ jvjojeukdyjgg bxrjwkvêui nòo}ué#`ź ahoyi/ ajvji êwxn éu uvko`êo}j#}êukn rhwuhdyné|huué`h$Jv hohn}wkdinxu mãfuvhméu} j }hw#rhn uvhwid} j ykwubkw`joci éu jvkwuvê`ku nòvö}aêoõvj} bŚö}i nÿo#}hwÿoh}i uvjnjuvjid rhvh}in gh j5/8 }kddj ch`hd`hmh}} òuuv}ò#ch`h} chàjojmõ }hahw`é|fêw#cźrhnwh 7<:5$ föoixu :#férho$ JnòvohnhmŚn h`y bhméovh}i huvnòvghé|ã}éuh x}êd nj|xn éu ch`êo#oã}êu déonÿo ajojmaj}djn j mãfnò#}hohu uvjnjuvknkd$ Ö}ajuvdêoj#}xn céw}éné}/ fk`kuxo}uê`xnj}hohn}wkdinxujd hoohdŚwvin$Jv jonjocjvk}} mãfuvid}hn j nk#wêggjd nimko`kvk}} mãf|koi}injijoj|horhn jn}xjoivêoêuêrjo/ jvHxwõ|ji Xdiõ éwid}h}} id}évcé#dyhirho rjoõ h`yhv}h}éu} nòrh#}Śhd jojnxodjn ni$ Jv h#ö}mãf gh#

rhvh}éuh x}êd béo érrho nhmrhv#cédywhdmuvhw idmxo j `yjnkwiajuvdêoõn uvêcêwj$ J nhmrhv#cédy céw}énh jv xdiõu uvjgê#oykvêuujo òuuvajd`gjd oh`bho# fhgg :5 uvêvjoén ohah}$J mãfuvhméui whdmuvhw nié|ã}éué#ahv uvÿnué`hu huvnòvònnho/ jvjvkn cźnòm}h}éuérho éu j }j#dêeujmêuujo nj|eukoj}ku nòvgh#uvhwvéuhn `ykwuã}k}} hofêwêugjdnhvmŚmdhn ch` jv imhi ér houŚbhoéghd$ J mãfuvhméui bxdneiõ} jvh cj}wieêu whdmuvhwahv ajukd#oõjd jv Êoojci Jx}õ|êoyj NhvhoŚ!ÊJN) Vw}$ oê}aj}fj ho fkùvjgêoyinifhoòoéu joj|fêd$ Jv ÊJN jv huv#nòvghuvhwvéu bidjduvãwkvêuêwjai}ho} rhuv bho/ jchoyh} j ghbkoyõmãfghré}hohngŚo }òwohuv} cjfm$Jv hoŚvh}hu uvêcã}êukn éu jdhcvh}nòvi }j|juv}joj}kn joj|# fêd j ghwxaêvêu déaêdy érhdghoÿo ch`}éwÿo$ J gheuÿoah}Ścjqicêoiu mãfghré}ho jv houŚ ér#}ivhmghd }ãvuvhwhuhd ajojmaj}fjch` j nòo}ué`hnh}$ J }òggoh}#bkwwêuknj} j }hofhu nòvohnhmé#ui uvhn}kwgj nhoo riuuvjbkw`j}di/jvkn houŚukwgjd j mãfju ö}uvj#njuvknkd/ cjfm j nòvö}aêoõvj}h`yég wéuvhid ajuvdkuxoaj}djn$J eéouvhwź bhoajuvdêoêui ukwwhdmuvhwid} j ghré}ho j chòérŚ idb#wju}wxn}öwên bhdd}jw}êuj x}êd j\\\ nkdu}wxneiõgjd ch`é|ã}h}}éu ÿvhcho}h}h}} jx}õ|êoyj#uvj#njuvkn whdmhonhvéuwh êooêui mãfj#iwj/ hv} nòrh}Śhd |hmi` jv öf bhf#ohuv}éuhnwh !|o$ xdiõu |wkfhn}hn ajvji òdwéuvh) bkwmã}aj}õ$

Di] AXD@JWY ]ÊFÉNKV]J]Õ

Hohn}wkdinxu ö}mãf ― nòvö}i bxr jwmãfjn Jv hohn}wkdinxu ö}mãf ghrhvh#}éuérho fêwõ }òggoh}nòo}ué`hn ch`fhohddhn cjfm j bxrjwmãfjn#gjd 7<:5 nòvh|é}Śo$ Gêw j nkw#cêdyvj} nkc|hdvêofj j bxrj#wkvõnj} ― hwwŚo j mòd}éuwŚo nkw#cêdyaj}êwkvj} iu uvÿoh}h}} ―/ jwéuvoh}hn cé` nimko`kvêu joj}}êoodjn$ J Di] Axd`jwy nòvö}i bx#rjwkvõi éwmhnrémhoci uvhwrhvh}nÿomò}}nòv`yźoéuédhn ― j nòvho58<< }j`rêoojonkvêu né|riuhoh#}h ― aj}êwkvj}j uvhwid} j fhohd#ohì |ijei éu rhwuhdyahoyvh}ghdcé` j nkwcêdyvj} êo}jo giv}k#uã}k}} oh`cj`jujgg céw}énźnkc|hdvêeiõrjo uhc ohah}dhhonhwÿodi jv öf mãf}hahw idboêeiõ}dòrhoŚ aj}êuê}$ Jv iu néwméuhu/

ak`y j }hwahn nòddyã}éué} ci#oyhd |wikwi}êukn chd}éd né|vh#oin ho j mòd}éuakvõn/ choy jmõ#dhchn rj`y iooh}énbjf}ên joõonj|aj}djn wéuvoh`hu rj`y }hofhuchd}huué`h} j bxrjwkvõn$J Di] Axd`jwy nÿomò}}nòv`yź#oéuh ajdùöoykvvj/ ak`y jv hobk#`jmk}} }êrnòvoéui jmõ/ rjojcid} fhohdoh` j |jwojchd} hoŚ}} oérŚgiv}kuã}êui jmõ éu j |édvÿ`y}wjdvjneiõu iooh}én uvid}éd dj#`ykgg }hwah} wõ j nòvö}i bxrjwk#võnwj/ cid} j cêu ê`jvj}kngjdmko`kvõnwj$ J uvhwrhvh} }iuv}ê#gjd rjd jvvjo/ ak`y j fhohdohìajvji ö}mãf céw}énh oédyh`huhdjojeukdyjgg cêu hxwõ|ji kwuvê#`knéakv né|hu} éu jv ö}aêoõvj}bhdd}jw}êuj nkckoy nòo}ué`hn#nho fêw$ Jv uhc néwméuhu/ ak`yj bivh}hdmŚ mãfjn }hnid}h}éghddhc ohah} nÿoòdgué`h} }hddi jajvji éu j nÿobòomi bxrjwkvõn nò#vò}}$ Hvéw} cidéo hoŚgg ch` nhoonhvmhdi j nkc|hdvêeiõ} eéovõid}évnhméui }hwrhn nimko`kvê#uê}/ ghrkdrj j }ògg ér}ivhmhu}j|juv}joj}}jo whdmhonhvŚ nòvö}ibxrjwkvõi éwmhnrémhoci uvhwrh#vh}hnh}$ Hchooh}} bkoy}j}di nhooj nòvö}i bxrjwkvõ rêoojonkvêukn }hrénhdyué`é} aê}wêo}j}õ }öo#vk}} gÿwknwêeij euònnhd}éué} iu$J Di] Axd`jwy bhoaãrfj j bi`yho#ch} jwwj/ ak`y j nòvö}i nòvohnh#méui joê`jvj} cid}h`y :5< hvhwhcghw} bkòjonkv}j}/ j ajvjidhcvh}i òuuv}hwcén 2 uvêvjoé#nê} }hwchoi ch` éu x`yjdeujn 2 uvêvjoénê} giv}kuã}fj jv êoojc#aêv}jw}êu jmõghré}hohidhn$Jv hohn}wkdinxu mãfuvhméu} j }hw#rhn uvhwid} 1<<< nc#hu `ykwu#bkw`joci éu jv kwuvê`ku nòv#ö}aêoõvj} bŚö}i nÿo}hwÿoh}i uvj#njuvjid rhvh}in gh j 5/8 }kddjch`hd`hmh}} òuuv}òch`h}chàjojmõ }hahw`é|fêwcźrhn#wh 7<:5$ föoixu :#férho$ J mãf gh#uvhméuédhn }headinji wéuvoh}hicé` nimko`kvêu joj}} êoodjn$ Jvjonjocjvk}} mãfuvid}hn j nkwêg#gi mãf|koi}inji joj|horhn jn}xjoi#vêoêuêrjo/ jv Hxwõ|ji Xdiõ éwid#

}h}} id}évcédyhirho rjoõ h`yhv#}h}éu} nòrh}Śhd jojnxodjn ni$ Jvh#ö}mãf ghrhvh}éuérho h`y imŚ#ghd uvÿnué`hu j nkc|hdvêei#õu whdmuvhw/ éu x}êdj béo érrhoidmxofkd nhmrhvcédywhdmuvhwj `yjnkwi ajuvdêoõn uvêcêwj$ Jnhmrhvcédy céw}énh jv xdiõuuvjgêoykvêuujo òuuvajd`gjdoh`bhofhgg :5 uvêvjoén ohah}$

RIJ GÉWJX]Õ

Bok}}jbwiuuã}éuéu nãdêoj}gŚrã}éuÖf fêwcźrhnnho gŚrÿo} j RIJ Géw#jx}õ Nb}$ fêwcź|jwnfj$ J Ei}wkîdFxc|hw bxw`kdkn nòvÿo h`y cêwchòérŚ ÿ`ybéo fêwcź|jwnfê}`yjwj|ã}fj/ h`y j bok}}jbwiuuã}éu}uvko`êofj/ ÿ`ybéodéo nid} oérŚ/euhwéwh éwh}} Whdjxo} Cju}hw ah#oyéwh oé|$ J ajwcjminj} é||hd/céoyaź}Śu niri}hooé é|ã}in ê} éuh`y ciwhoi} êwxn `yêw}êuêwj uvj#nkukmk}} uvénhubhaéwrêwi eé`nj|fj/ cid} öf ÿ`ybéo$ J dh`yh#min fêwcźrh} h`y ujo`õ}jwfêdiuÿ}Śi|jwi eé`déo }huv}hoin/ wòrim}êrö géwoh} bkwcêfêgjd ―/ Śn ni#ckdmk}}jd j dj`y wjn}éw éu joj#eukdy |jmoõvj} cij}} rêojuv}k}#}ên jv jmk}} }ã|xu}$ J `é|nkeuin bhouvhwho}ué`h h`yué`hu6 cj#dxêoiu noãcj/ hohn}wkcku jgojn#hchoŚn éu }ÿnwòn/ ch`hwŚuã}h}}aê}uõ bhobÿ``huv}éu éu :5< oõ#hwŚu/ Hxwk 8#òu ck}kw$ J wjn}éw#gxwnkoj}kn x}õoj`/ imhajvj nh#wÿodhn ghé|ã}éuwh$J Ei}wkîddho }òw}édŚ h`yÿ}}cź#nòméu cé` }jrjoy nhvmŚmò}}/jnnkw eujn h`yh}ohd jx}õ éwnh#vh}} gh }jw}õu }huv} fhooh``ho$Hddhn hwhmcédyhnéd} nhwÿo}hn ghuvhwvéuwh j cku}jdi Fxc|h#whn$ J fêwcźrhn ghuvhwvéuh/ euh#wéfh bkoyjcj}ku/ hoŚwh }hwrhvh}#}hn$ J géwjx}õ#bok}}j cêwnjbÿ`#`h}ohdué`h éu jv ÿ`ybéoi`édyhn jnêw u|heibinêeiõu uvid}hd iu rêo#}kvj}ojdxo ch`cjwjmdjn$

OJ\VÊW]J+HUHCÉDYHN ÉU \WK@WJCKN

Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 ▿ Fö di xu i ak wi vk d}2

Ei}wkîd Fxc|hwhn gŚrã}in

j nãdêoj}k} éu bwiuuã}in j euhwéwh

éwh}} fêwcźrhnh}



IRHEK CÊWNJNHWHUNHMÉUHN6 GHUUK VW]-#/)&BYi'B^ggaV[f#!-:F^g-<"/#!!.#%.""H]U NB]$!".1[PfhaQSk'BPng4PafePmmn-/-:F g-<"/!)."%+)"OHRJD]HQ NB]$ :<== Gxmj|hu}/;bPa[BPajn-!-:F^g-<"/&).%)""UVJOJY JX]ÕAÊV NB]$/"""J^Yijêf'JPfhmPf^g^b'&&%î_f:F^g-<"/#/.".%/"" ]WXEN UJRJWIJ NB]$ 90<< Uvkcgj}ahoy/ Uêwrêw x$ 82$> ]ho$6 <2 9= 877#<0<>BHOAJ]JOCJVK]] CÊWNJNHWHUNHMÉUHN6 AIOEV " BIJ NB]$ #!!JPjPiV'JhiinfTn-$("-:F^g-<"/#&&)%+"$NF@yF VW]$ #&""JPbhioa'?a^V[f$"-:F^g-<"/$!."/%//OHRJD]HQ]J]JGÊDYJ NB]-!$""FPfPQmkP'3ka[f&)-:F^g-<"/)&.!%&."\JDDKD ]WXEN 7<<< NB]-$+""\PgP^Sâi|^S'\amk[E[jgin".-:F^g-<"/+!.%$" ]WXEN UJRJWIJ MHGWHEHD NB]$

&")"6^Qa^Y^m'H|emn-)-:F^g-<"/.!.!&%"+"]WXEN I]JOIJ NB]$).!/E[ijhgY'\i[SehmV[n-:F^g-<"/&/&)%".XDIEJW JX]ÕEHD]WXC NB]$ 55<< H`hw/ Nýoyxn x$ 2$> ]ho$6 <2 52 8:7#<:<HXWK]WJMH NB]-!+&$J[i[SemV'EFanYj9^mfane:F^g-<"/)&../%/.. BHOAJ]JOCJVK]] MJIOY EHD]HW6 MHO]J ]WXEN NB]$ :<90 Gxmj|hu}/ ]êgoêu x$ 51$> ]ho$6 <2 : 581#:===BHOAJ]JOCJVK]] ÉW]ÉNHUÃ]ÉUI \KD]KN6 I]JOEJCIKD NB]$ :<70 Gxmj|hu}/ Ghc wn|$ 57$> ]ho$6 <2 : 7:=#20<<> 2:<< Niunxdbéoh`yaêvj/ Uvh`hmi ö} 19$> ]ho$6 <2 02 =5<#850

J né|hd oê}aj}õ fêwcþ iooxuv}wêeiõ$

JV ÖF MJIOY ÒDGÝO IU NIAKVVJ J UVX\HWAÝU]*

Hwýu/ jnêw 7<8 oõhwýu ck}kwwjo Ivcku/ jnêw =/0 } ajuvdku }hwahoah}ýué]jnjwénku/ hxwk8 éu HHR ck}kwknnjo jv h`éuv ckmhoorêojuv}éngjdCjuuvãr/ jv jeéo oé}wjjorêvdjn nòuvòdah}ýhdUknkomjoö/ }ògg cid} 0<<< nÿoòdgòvý rêojuv}aj}õ nkd`xwêeiõrjo

HV NHOO H@Y UVX\HWAÝUDHN

ÖF

q }h}Śu |kdyrjuvhwnhvh} bÿ``òdy|kdyrêu niri}ho U\HHM EXW]JID J U\HHM EXW]JID |kdyrêfj 58 cêukm|hwe joj}} dyi}aj}õ éu euxnaj}õ

J U\HHM EXW]JID#djo éw }énhu |hwehnh} dyhwah} Òd iu j ni#éu ghwjnkmêudêo$ Jv iddkrj}ãr nkdu}wxneiõdjn nòuvòdah}Śhdcidmòuuvh 58 cêukm|hwewh rjd uvÿnué` jaakv/ ak`y akvvêbéwfhdj }hofhu wjnbhoÿoh}ahv$ Ã`y Òd cêw jnnkw iu wjnkmaj}/ cã` j }òggihncé` j |kdyrj dyi}êuêrjo gjfoõmdjn ― fxu} ckwh$

Idbkwcêeiõ6 .52 77 1:= :<<ppp$ejw`kgxoo$ax



CHWEHMHU#GHDV

Jd}ku ― öf uvh`chdu

j oê}aj}êwkd

Ch`fhohd} jv houŚ wòrim ujf}õ#

nòvohcédy ak`y i}} j oh`öfjgg

Chwehmhu }hahwjx}õ eujoêm}j`/

jv Jd}ku$ Gÿuvnéd wj`juv}fên

jv houŚ ok`õ} j |wk}k}ã|xu akc#

oknbhoÿoh}éwh j Chwehmhu#Ghdv

]wxenu ê`jvj} houŚ hcghwhi/ Ax#

ghw}xu ]wkunj éu @hkw` Phighw`

xwjn$ J eéo rioê`ku éu bi`yhohc#

cho rjd nkwxdn oh`öfjgg bxrjw#

bhojmj}i niaãrêujiwj iu$ Cidmhd

bhojmj}akv j ohah}Ś oh`}ònéoh#

}huhgg huvnòv}$ Giv}kujd dhc

ohuv koeuõ/ mh h`y ajuvkd`é|#

fêwcźdéo dhc j ghnhwÿoéui nòo}#

ué` j oh`bkd}kujgg uvhc|kd}/

ajdhc jv ÿvhcho}h}éu ukwêd/

j akuuvö érhn joj}} ch`}éwÿoŚ

ghwxaêvêu$ Jv Jd}ku nÿomh}éuh

j dj`y rkoxchdź/ dj`y }òch`ź

hokuv}õ fhooh`ź bx#

rjwbhojmj}kn ch`#

komêuj$ H`y koyjd

bÿonéu jorêv/ jchoy rjwi#

êoaj}õuê`êgjd j oh`nÿoòdoh`h#

uhgg i`édyhnh} iu ni }xmfj hoé#

`ã}hdi$ J ohah}Ś oh`niuhgg ujfê}

ÿwhu }òch`}Śo/ j ohah}Ś oh`#

dj`ykgg bhoé|ã}cédyi` nirê#

oõ ch`komêu} }xmdjn jfêdojdi$

Fõo fhovi j chèéovk}} rhrŚnòw}/

ak`y j rhvh}Śbÿonh céwh}h iu

chòhah}Śuhd riuuvjbk`k}}/ j

7/5 cé}hw uvéohu h`yué`ghd iu

jv j eéo/ ak`y gêw dyiorêdrjoõ#

jd j nkw i`édyhidhn ch`bhoh#

oŚ nòwÿocédyhnh} giv}kuã}ukd

j rhvh}Śdhn/ mh |éomêxo dhc

ohuv aêoõbÿonéu rêo}kvj}$ J wòrim

bÿonh é||hd eujn jwwj fõ/ ak`y j

ukbŚw jnêw dj|kd}j }ògguvòw iu

ni#gh uvêoorj nédyhochuhd hoéw#

fh j nkwcêdy }/ u |wjn}i#

nxujd hoahoyhvvh mko`ji}$ J nò#

vh|hu bÿonéghd cêw horioh` h`y

nhunhdy ê`y cjfm hobéw/ u h`y niu

whdmhvnhméu x}êd jv ajuvdêo#

aj}õ iu ohuv/ mh dhc hv j eéo$ Jv

joj|rh}Ś eéo jv/ ak`y rjwiêoaj}õ#

uê`êgjd/ ck}kwnãdêoj}êgjd h`y

koyjd k|}icêoiu fêwcźnkdu}wxn#

eiõ} nãdêofjdjn/ jci j wòrim }êrö/

mh dj`y }òch`ź/ dj`y rkoxch#

dź/ niu aj}õ}êrkouê`ö }hwã}Ś bx#

rjwkvêu i`édyhi} j ohah}Ś oh`#

k|}icêoiujggjd niuvko`êofj$ Oé#

dyh`éghd h`y öf uvh`chdu uvÿ#

oh}in/ jv h`yhoŚwh cé` eujn wjfv

bkwcêfêgjd whdmhonhvéuwh êooõ

ch`fhohdéu dhc né}ué`huhd jv

öf JE]WKU rkdjoj} riuvi }krêgg$

Fõo cx}j}fj j rêo}kvj}kuuê`k}

j :5 }hofhuã}cédy#nj}h`õwiê#

gjd whdmhoah}Ś ck}kwnãdêoj}/ j

751―8:< OH uêrgjd/ }hwcéuvh#

}huhd cêw eujn HXWK RI rêo}k#

vj}gjd$ J }hd`hoy}êrkn 7/28#2/0

cé}hw }jw}kcêdygjd giv}kuã}fên

ak`y niu }jw}êoybhoé|ã}cédy}Śo

j dj`y ghahcõ}i` ukn rjwiêeiõ#

gjd }joêonkvaj}xdn cjfm jv Jd#

}kuknnjo jv x}jnkd$ Eujn jx}k#

cj}ivêo} rêo}õrjo néuvÿo cjfm/ u

}hwcéuvh}huhd dhc cjwjmdjn

ni j Chwehmhu giv}kduê`}hea#

dinji bhfohuv}éuhidhn oh`öfjgg

huvnòvhi uhc/ cid} jv jn}ãr bén#

juuviuv}hdu uhc$ Airj}joku ch`#

fhohdéu Ajddkrhwghd/ uvh|}hc#

ghwghd jv IJJ#jd$



Chwehmhu#Ghdv

@ 25 JC@

EKCCHWEIJO RHAIEOHU

MWIRID@]AH BX]XWH

CHWEHMHU#GHDV

@#kuv}êoy ― u}ê}xuvuvicgõoxc

55$ uvÿoh}éudj|fê} ÿddh|oi jvh`ynkwi \xea @ }hwh|fêwõn cji

x}õmj/ euiooj`ku ok`õrjo éu @#

kuv}êoy fhoòoéuuho$ J @#uvéwiêgõo

7<::#ghd 22<< mjwjgk} éw}énhuã#

}h}}hn rioêùvhw}h/ jci uvêcuvh#

wźoh` houŚwh nhréu/ mh céìu õwi#

êui/ 5< uvêvjoénku j dòrhnhméu/chw} hv 770< mjwjggjo }ògg/

cid} 7<<9#hu hojmêukn$ I`jv/

jv —idmxoõ êw– j @ 58< Goxh]he

huh}éghd dj|i êwbkoyjckd 78

ciooiõ bkwid} nòwÿo jojnxo/ wòrim

}hd`hoy}êrrjo/ biq }h}Śrho$ \hw#

uvh x`yjdhv njgwiõ rêo}kvj}gjd

iu oé}hvin/ fõrjo }òggéw}$

J @ 58<#ghd R2#ku/ 5 oi}hwhu/

7:: oõhwŚu/ 8=< dhp}kdcé}h#

whu ck}kw rjd/ j @ 8<<#juakv

cêw R1#ju/ 8/= oi}hwhu/ ghdvidhu

ck}kw fêw/ 510 oõhwŚrho éu 85<

dhp}kdcé}hwwho éu :8 oi}hw nò#

wÿoi bk`yjuv}êuujo$ J

biq }h}Śu oiu}jêwj 99

9=1 hxwõ/ j njgwiõé

:<< 9<< hxwõ$

Jnidhn hv uhc hoé`/

jv JC@ }xdid` rêo#

}kvj}kngõo whdmho#

ah}$ J 25 JC@#ghd

jv 8/= oi}hwhu R1#ju

cêw 8== oõhwŚ} }ho#

fhuã}/ j 28 JC@#ghd

cêw 2 oi}hwhu R:7#hu

ck}kw }joêoaj}õ/ nj#

cikdgj iooŚ/ 2:7 oõ#

hwŚrho$ Cidmhv} :50

8<= éu 72= :1< hxwõéw}$ J nhoh}i

nédyhohcahv uvêcku jn}ãr giv#

}kduêì huvnòv iu fêw6 |jwnkoêu#

uh`ã}Ś/ ako}}éwbi`yhoŚ/ }koj}õnj#

chwj/ ê}mko`kvk}} HU\/ rkd}j}#

cêdyu}jgioivêoõ/ ah`ychdh}i

idmxoêuuh`ã}Ś/ u}g$

J rhrŚn cjdj|uê` j nòvho#nhoh#

}i kwuvê`kngõo éu Nãdj öf`jvmj`

hoi}fégŚo nhwÿodhn ni$



PhgHyh CJ@YJWKWUVÊ@H#ö}mãf6 hohn}wkdinxu nj|x rj`y @\U;

7<:5#}õo j nkwcêdyvj}i }hwrhn uvhwid} Cj#

`yjwkwuvê`kd iu ghrhvh}éuwh nhwÿo j ajuv#

dêoj}jwêdyku ö}mãf/ choydhn oédyh`h/ ak`y

jv ÿvhcho}h}Ś j ch`}h}} niokcé}hwhn x}êd/

hohn}wkdinxujd uvêcoêvvj j bivh}hdmŚ òuuvh#

`h} jv jmk}} ö}uvjnjuvkd nòvohnhmŚndhn$ Jv

ö`ydhrhvh}} bwhh#bokp }ã|xuö/ jvjv jv jx}õn

ch`êooã}êuj déonÿoi ö}mãfwhdmuvhwhn ghrhvh#

}éuérho jv hmmi` hoŚwh rêo}k}} cj}wiej ahoyh}}

j ghé|ã}h}} h`yué` !kd gkjwm xdi}) uh`ã}ué#

`érho jx}kcj}inxujd/ rj`y j bivh}Ś }hwcidê#

oknkd nhwhuv}ÿo ohah} whdmhvdi j uvêcoê}$

Gj`kuuy ]jcêu/ j PhgHyh Cj`yjwkwuvê`

ÿvoh}ê`rhvh}Śfh6

]j|juv}joj}jidn jv} cx}j}fên/ ak`y Hxwõ|ê#

gjd cêw érhn õ}j

hwhmcédyhuhd cź#

nòmin j niokcé}hw#

joj|ö mãfjvêu$ Né}

ch`komêu nãdêonk#

vin6 jv ho}hwfhm}hgg

hohn}wkdinxu nj|x#

whdmuvhw/ rj`y jv Hx#

wõ|ji Xdiõ jfêdoêuj

uvhwid} j fòrŚ} fhohd#

}Ś @\U fhohnnho nkc#

cxdinêoõ cźakomju whdmuvhwhn }hoh|ã}éuh$

H`y giv}ku/ j chòérŚ idbwju}wxn}öwê} }hofh#

uhd ê} nhoo cjfm jojnã}jdi/ ak`y jonjocjuuê

rêofkd jv jx}õ|êoyj#ajuvdêoj} |kd}ku dyk#

ckd nòrh}éuéwh$

Hxwõ|êgjd fhohdoh` jv hohn}wkcku nj|x

mkcidêo/ aiuvhd jnnkw é|ã}h}}én ni hvhnh} j

whdmuvhwhnh}/ jcinkw cêu jo}hwdj}ãrj cé`

dhc chwÿo} bho$ Déch}kwuvê`gjd/ Jxuv}wiê#

gjd/ Euhakwuvê`gjd éu Ohd`yhokwuvê`gjd iu

ã`y uvhmin jv ö}mãfj}$ Bkd}ku }iuv}êvdi/ hohn}#

wkdinxu éu dhc bivinji nj|xnwõo ghuvéoah#

}ÿdn/ cid} |éomêxo Akwrê}kwuvê` huh}éghd/

jako nkckoy mx`õnj} knkvdjn j ch`êooêuwj

nédyuvhwã}Ś bivh}Ś|kd}kn$ Jv hoohdŚwvŚ nj|xn

huh}éghd jv jx}õ|êoyj#ajuvdêoj} ch`êooj|ã#

}êuj cinwkaxooêcö fhohn uh`ã}ué`érho }òw}é#

din$ J fhobk`õ hohn}wkdinxu nj|xn j bivh}Śu

ö}uvjnjuvwj rjoõ bho#éu ohajf}êu} whdmuvêc

joj|fêd hoohdŚwvin/ éu jv ã`y ghéwnhvh}} jmj#

}kn uh`ã}ué`érho céwin j fêwcź êo}jo ch`}h}}

ö} akuuvê}/ éu êooj|ã}fên ch` j bivh}hdmŚ òuv#

uvh`h}

Jv hohn}wkdinxu nj|x hoŚdyh/ ak`y j niri}h#

ohvéu} nòrh}Śhd h`yuvhwź bkoyjcj}kn uvh#

wid} ÿvhcho}h}ah}Śhn/ j fêwcźrhn ghrkdê#

uj j mãfbivh}éugh nòddyhd ré`whajf}aj}õ$

Aê}wêdyj/ ak`y jv hohn}wkdinxu nj|x#whdm#

uvhw joj|rh}Śhd wx`jocj}ojd }headkoõìê#

djn uvêcã}/ aiuvhd nòwÿocédyhu öf uvjnjuvk#

nj} akvvêjmdi j cêw chòérŚ aêoõvj}akv/

chw} öfjgg éu öfjgg nj|xnj} nhoo bhouvhwhodi/

aj h`y ö}uvjnjuv} bivh}Śuué jnjwdjn }hddi$ J

nj|xn nié|ã}éuh hchooh}} i`hdeujn nòo}ué`hu

éu akuuvö bkoyjcj}$ J nÿobòomi }j|juv}joj}kn

jv} cx}j}fên/ ak`y dhc `ykwubkw`joci x}j#

nkd dhahvhd ajuvdêoaj}õ j ukn nhwhuv}hvŚ#

méu éu ohê`jvêu cij}}$ ]krêggi aê}wêdy/ ak`y

jv hohn}wkdinxu nj|xn h`yég j nòvohnhméu#

uho nj|eukoj}ku idbkwcêeiõ `yźf}éuéwh dhc/

rj`y eujn wéuvoh`huhd jonjocjujn !bkw`joci

jmj}kn/ mx`õbi`yhoéu/ u}g$)$

Jv Hxwõ|ji Xdiõ jfêdoêuj uvhwid} j fòrŚ j @\U

}headkoõìêé/ hvéw} iu idmã}k}}ên ho j @joiohk

\wk`wjck}/ jchoy jv XUJ êo}jo ÿvhcho}h}h}}

@\U mãfchd}hu uvko`êo}j}êu jo}hwdj}ãrêfjnéd}

fòd oé}wh$ J cźakomju whdmuvhwhn hoŚdyh/

ak`y whdmnãrÿo }ê` j bhoajuvdêoêui }hwÿoh}ÿn/

jv h#ö}mãfkd nãrÿo jv êo}joêdku fêwcźnkd}wkoo/

iooh}rh j okìuv}inji uvjgêoykvêu }hwéd iu fõo ni#

ajuvdêoaj}õjn jv ã`y dyhw} jmj}kn$

Urêfegjd érhn õ}j fõo cźnòmin j @\U joj|ö

ö}mãf bivh}éu éu dhcwéìghd Uvokrêniêgjd iu

ghrhvh}}én$ J ch`komêu oédyh`h/ ak`y j gh#

é|ã}h}} @\U huvnòv wò`vã}i j fêwcź ckv`êuê}

éu j cźakomju nòrh}éu uh`ã}ué`érho jv òuv#

uvhuã}h}} jmj}kn joj|fêd }òw}édin j uvêcoê#

vêu$ J }headkoõìj hoŚdyh/ ak`y nòddyhd éu

`ykwujd ghrhvh}ah}Ś/ cidmòuuvh j bhméovh}i

h`yué` }hoh|ã}éuéwh rjd uvÿnué`/ hv |hmi` j

}hahw`é|fêwcźrhn fhohd}Śu aêdyjmêgjd cêw

hohrh jmk}}/ aiuvhd ã`y k|}icjoivêofên nòo}ué#

`hinh}/ bxrjwbhojmj}jinj} j rêoojoj}kn$ ]krêg#

gê wx`jocjujd jojnã}aj}õ j ghrhvh}éu} nòrh#

}Śhd iu/ aiuvhd öf ö}uvjnjuvknj} cidmòuuvh

jv jmj}gêviu bwiuuã}éuérho j whdmuvhwahv ohah}

jmdi$ J @\U hvhd bhoÿo }ògg jmj}k} né|hu wò`#

vã}hdi/ jchoyhngŚo j }hofhu ch`}h}} ö} nikorju#

aj}õ/ dhc eujn j bivh}Śu uvjnjuvwj }òw}édŚ

ghoé|éu éu nioé|éu$ Aê}wêdyj jvkdgjd/ ak`y

dhc koyjd |kd}ku/ cid} j nj|xnnjo }òw}édŚ

céwéu$ HoŚbkwmxoaj}/ ak`y j cźakomjn j bivh#

}Śu x}jnnjo |êwaxvjckujd bx}õ dhc bivh}Śu

ö}uvjnjuvknj} iu mãfnò}hohudhn whìuv}wêofên/

iooh}rh jv jx}õ|êoyê} nhwhuv}hvŚ ö}kd ajojmõ

fêwcźwh iu mãfj} wõdjn ni/ jchoyhnh} néuŚgg

nkwwi`êodi nhoo$ Nkckoy okìuv}inji uvhwrhvéu}

iu i`édyho jv ÿvhcho}h}Ś wéuvéwŚo/ cirho ― nÿ#

oòdòuhd j }wjdvi}bkw`jokc huh}éghd ― |wkg#

oécêu ohah} j bhméovh}i h`yuéàhv j akvvêfx#

}êu éu nioé|éunkw j ohjmêu$

Ch` nhoo hcoã}hdi/ ak`y rjd jako j né} whdm#

uvhw |êwaxvjckujd —cźnòmin–/ j @\U whdm#

uvhw} ã`y j `é|fêwcź }xojfmkdkuj ujfê} nòo}#

ué`éd ÿvhcho}h}i$ J @\U hgghd jv huh}ghd

nkd}wkoo uvhwh|h} iu hooê}/ cirho }hwcéuvh#

}huhd jv ã`y `yźf}ò}} jmj}kn |kd}ku né|h}

jmdjn }ògghn nòvò}} jwwõo iu/ ak`y cinkw/

ako fêw} jv jmk}} `é|fêwcź éu hvhn òuuvh#

rh}ah}Śhn j niuvêcoêvk}} ö}mãf céw}énérho$

J }headkoõìj givkdyã}õ hwhfé} cêw hmmi` iu

ajuvdêo}ên j rêoojoj}kn/ |éomêxo `ykwuajf}êui/

gÿd}h}éui ri}ên whdmhvéuéwh/ éu `yjnwjd ui#

nhwwho i`jvkofên j aj}õuê`kndêo/ dhc fk`ku

j gãwuê`$ Aj jv hohn}wkdinxu nj|x#whdmuvhw

nhwÿo Cj`yjwkwuvê`kd ghrhvh}éuwh/ j @\U#

uho bhouvhwho} fêwcźrhndéo ― j déch} `yjnkw#

oj}akv ajukdoõjd ― jv ö}mãf bivh}éui nò}hoh#

vh}}ué`hinh} iu }hwrhvah}in éu hoohdŚwivah}in

j rêoojoj}kn$

Födixui akwivkd} ▿ Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 9




MJB QB:<8 Hqeoxuirh Hmi}ikdrkd}j}õJv QB:<8 Hqeoxuirh Hmi}ikd rkd#}j}õrjo j MJB j vêuvoõuajfõ ck#mhoofédhn uvêcã}õ QB:<8#òu}ã|xu nÿoòdoh`hu rêo}kvj}ê} cx#}j}fj gh$ J cjqicêoiu rhvh}Śinkcbkw} éwmhnéghd jv HqeoxuirhHmi}ikd nivêwõoj` Ux|hw U|jehEjg }ã|xuö bÿonérho néuvÿo/ u hoh#`êdu nén bédyhvéuérho éu hq}wjbhouvhwho}ué`érho }źdin ni$Jv QB:<8 Hqeoxuirh Hmi}ikd bho#}źdŚ euãnkvêuêrjo éu j oé`}hwh#oŚnh}/ jv komjouvkndyênj}/ j oòn#aêwã}õ} éu j }ÿnòwaê}oj|knj} iubhmŚ hoh`êdu nén uvãdérho h`yh#mÿoêooõ nÿouŚ ch`fhohdéu} nj#|k}}$ J rkd}j}õ nÿoohcé} j né}nwõckvk}} oé`nÿw} éu j rkdvõ/57 ciooicé}hwhu Joekj joxcãdi#xc `yźwźn }huvin }hofhuué$Cjqicêoiu nkcbkw} ▿ J dj`y}êrkouê`ö bxrjwkvêuwj bhfohuv#}h}}/ `kdmkujd nijojnã}k}} Ux|hwU|jeh Ejg }ã|xuö bÿonh j fêw#cźrhvh}Śdhn k|}icêoiu céwh#}ź éoh}}hwh}/ cxdnjahoyh} éu}êwkoõwhnhuvhnh} nãdêo$ UŚ}/ jvQB:<8 Hqeoxuirh Hmi}ikd hq}wjbhouvhwho}ué``ho whdmhonhvin$ Jvjoj|bhouvhwho}ué` wéuvé} né|hvij gŚwghrkdj}ö nkwcêdynhwén/ jnédyhochu/ öf hdhwêeiõu ÿoéuhn éu jv joxcãdixc aj}êuö cźuvhw#bjo iu$ J aêoõahoy joõo niaövaj}õ/

|wjn}inxu/ =7 oi}hwhu aź}Śbiõn éujv jx}kcj}j oé`nkdmieikdêoõghwhdmhvéu uvid}éd jv Hqeoxui#rh Hmi}ikd joj|bhouvhwho}ué`h/mh imh }jw}kvdjn cé` jv koyjdnédyhoci éu giv}kduêì whdm#uvhwhn iu/ cid} j uêrhoaj`yêu#bi#`yhochv}h}Ś/ j chdh}u}jgioi}êu#hoohdŚwvŚ/ j njchwjwhdmuvhw/rjojcid} j MJB céo}êd mieuéw}/j fêwcźrhvh}Ś} j gh}òwéu}Śo éuiooh}én}hohd ghaj}koêu}õo ch`#rémŚ Dià} Oken whdmuvhw iu$ JvQB:<8 Hqeoxuirh Hmi}ikd bhouvh#who}ué`é} j qhdkd bédyuvõwõn/ jaj} ajdùvõwõu jxmikwhdmuvhwéu j rhvh}én déonÿoi }hohbkdni#é|ã}éu }huvin }hofhuué$Jv QB:<8 Hqeoxuirh Hmi}ikd rkd#}j}õ j :7/9 oi}hwhu \JEEJW CQck}kw =2< oõhwŚu/ Hxwk#8#òu HHRrêo}kvj}êrjo néuvÿo/ choy h`y :7uhghuué`hu jx}kcj}j JU#]wkdieuhghuué`rêo}õakv euj}ojnkvin$J rkd}j}õ h`y 18< oi}hwhu éu h`y=5< oi}hwhu }ÿvhoŚjdyj`#}jw}êoy#oyjo/ rjojcid} h`y 08 oi}hwhu Jm#Goxh }jw}êooyjo néuvÿo$

DBC

Euònnhdah} j gjohuh}hn uv êcj]ògg cid} :: ciooiêwm bkwid}gõorjoõuã}aj} ch` nòvohnhméugiv#}kduêì bhfohuv}éuhnh} j Cj`yjwNòvö} Dkd|wkbi} Vw}$ jv êo}jojÿvhcho}h}h}} x}jnkd 7<:= ré#

`éi`$ Uearêg Vko}êd nòvohnhmé#uéw} bhohoŚu ahoyh}}hu êoojc}i}nêwhockdm}j6 j nòvö}nhvhoŚ êo}jojv hocöo} érhnghd horé`vh}}00 ajukdoõ fhooh`ź ghjrj}nk#vêu ahoyuvãdéd j ajoêoku gjohuh#}hn uvêcj cid}h`y ajwcjmêwj/j uöoykujné bhoéwh huh}} riuuvj jbhfohuv}éuhn hwhmcédyhnéd}$Cidiuv}éwixci nhvmhcédyhvéu#wh houŚ jonjokccjo nÿoòdã}h}#}hn ho eéovk}} bkwwêuchddyiué#`h}/ òuuvhuhd 8< ciooiêwm bkwid#}k} uvhcéoyuéwÿoéuhu gjohuh}hn ch`hoŚvéué} hoŚuh`ã}Ś idbwj#u}wxn}öwjbhfohuv}éuhnwh jv ÖfUvéeahdyi ]hwrghd$ J }é}hohu|wkfhn}oiu}j j |wkgoécênj}/ gjo#huh}i `õe|kd}knj} j oh`joj|k#ujggjd iuchwŚ rjuö}}êwujuê`kn éu nòvö}nhvhoŚn uvjncji fjrju#oj}ji joj|fêd êoo} òuuvh$Jv Öf Uvéeahdyi ]hwr }êck`j}ê#uêrjo jv ÊJN :5/7 ciooiêwm/ j CÊR:7/= ciooiêwm/ j Cj`yjw Nòvö}::/= ciooiêwm/ j @YUHR |hmi` 917ciooiõ bkwid}k} bkwmã}aj} nòvohnh#méugiv}kduêì ghjrj}nkvêuknwjj }êwujuê`kn êo}jo ÿvhcho}h}h}}aêoõvj}knkd$ J Nkwcêdy cêwei#xugjd mòd}ò}} j dé`y nihcho}|wkfhn}fjrjuoj} jneiõ}hwri dhrh#uã}éuéwŚo$ J ukuhc oê}k}} céw#}énź kwuvê`ku nòvohnhméugiv#}kduêì |wk`wjcgjd houŚ nòw#ghd 51 ciooiêwm bkwid} éw}énghdidmxoaj}djn ch` uvhcéoyué#wÿoéuhu gjohuh}hn ch`hoŚvéué}hoŚuh`ã}Ś rjuö}i éu nòvö}i idbwj#u}wxn}öwjbhfohuv}éuhn$Jv é|ã}éui hd`hméoyhvéu} fho#ohcvŚhd dhc i`édyoŚ cxdnêoj#}kn oh`néuŚgg 7<:8 cêukmin bh#oéwh ghbhfhvŚmdhn cidm j dé`yaêoõvj}kd$

NÖWIJ MÒD]ÉU

@yŚvhohc j CÊR#Giv}kuã}õuÿ`yhnghd ― Di] Axd`jwy nòvwhcźnòméuuho Jvkn j giv}kuã}k}}jn/ jnin nÿobòo#mòd gjohuh}h} knkv}jn/ mh j nêw}j CÊR ÊGH ahoyh}} j CJGIUV bi#vh}}h ch` ― éu jv ÿ`yÿnghdcé` dhc uvÿoh}h}} fk`hwŚu ã}é#oh} ― j bhoÿorivu`êoj}i ã}éoh} joj|# fêd cku}jd}õo dhc nhoo j}}õo}jw}ujdjn/ ak`y jv jnêw }ògg#ciooiõu nòrh}hoéu} j CJGIUV gh#ajf}fj rhoÿn uvhcghd$J Nöwij h`y i`hd akuuvö éu gk#dykoxo} fkì |wkehmöwê} nòrh}Ś#hd |whehmhdu éw}énź bhoÿorivu#`êoj}i ã}éoh}éghd réòh`huhd

nickdm}j/ ak`y uhc j `é|fêw#cź bhohoŚuué`giv}kuã}êui whdmh#oh} joj|fêd/ uhc gêwchoy h`yég fkèãchd dhc ohah} j nÿobòo#mòd knkvk}} nêwkn huh}éghd jCJGIUV êo}jo j CÊR ÊGH ahoyh}}nibivh}h}} òuuvh`h} ê}aêwã}jdi jgiv}kuã}k}}wj$J |hwdyhw}hu jo|hwhui êwxbxrj#wkvõ} j Di] Axd`jwy ch`gãvê#uêgõo né|riuhoŚ Nkrêeu Nêvcéwÿ`yrém jv ã}éoh}aiwmh}éu} nò#rh}Śhd hockdm}j/ ak`y j Nöwijhobk`jm}j/ éu hori fhooh``ho ni#ckdm}j/ ak`y j CJGIUV }éwã}é#uh nivêwõoj` j giv}kuã}õn h`ycêunòvò}}i dhcvh}nòvi ch`êooj|k#mêuêd joj|uvin/ hggŚo jmõmõ#jd joj|}jojdxo airj}nkvin jwwj/ak`y j }éwã}éuuho chùvhwhv}hrkodj j nÿobòomi nêwkuxo} fk`ji}/éu jv} éwrédyhuã}ah}dé$ Cix}êddideu koyjd fkùvjgêoyi whdmho#nhvéu uhc/ jci j CJGIUV#} bho# fk`kuã}jdê/ ak`y jv éwrédyhubhohoŚuué`giv}kuã}êuujo whdmho#nhvŚ nêwknkvõrjo uvhcghd jvioyhd ch`}éwã}éui i`édy} j giv#}kuã}õ euŚmfh huh}éd j ujfê} dh#réghd éwrédyhuã}ahuuhd/ hvéw}j CJGIUV hwwh iwêdyxoõ nhwhuh#}é} j bhoÿorivu`êoj}i ã}éoh}ghdréòh` hox}juã}k}}j/ hwwh dévrhj BŚrêwkui Ã}éoŚ}êgoj jvkd fk`#hwŚu mòd}éué}/ jci j nêwknkvõ}j CJGIUV fjrêwj fk`joj| déonÿoi`jvmj`kmêu eãcéd cjwjuv}jo}j/ch`rêo}kv}j}}j/ j CJGIUV#} jvhofêwêugjd bhochwÿo} rjojchdy#dyi nòo}ué` ch`bivh}éuéwh nò}h#ohv}h$J mòd}éu j nêwknkvêu }hofhu nò#wéwh niré}ho déonÿo !dhcvh}nòviêwxbxrjwkvõn/ uvhcéoy`é|nk#eui#ÿvhcho}h}Śn/ ck}kwnhwén#|êw#rhvh}Śn êo}jo knkvk}} rjoj#chddyi mkokì nêwwj/ uvhcéoyiuéwÿoéuwh h`yjwêd}) niaj}êuujorjd/ mh eujn j nÿobòomòd knkvk}}nêwkn/ éu j CJGIUV nòrh}hoéuhn }hnid}h}éghd ciooiêwmku dj`y#uê`whdmghd$ Jv ã}éoh} x`yjdjn#nkw dhc éwid}i jvknj} jv huh}h#nh}/ jcinkw cj`j j ghobòomi nê#wkuxo} éwrédyhuã} i`édy} j CÊRÊGH euŚmfh bkoy}êd j }édyoh`hunêwknkvõrjo uvhcghd$ NkrêeuNêvcéw uvhwid} j ahoyvh} jggõojmõmin/ ak`y j giv}kuã}õn ö`yuvhwvŚm}hn h`ycêuujo j dhc#vh}nòvi nêwkn whdmhvéuéwh/ ak`ybi`yhochd nãrÿo aj`y}ên j giv#}kuã}õn huh}oh`hu euŚmfh huh}édhoŚêooõ ahoyvh}h}$


Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 ▿ Fö di xu i ak wi vk d}:<

UH\]HCGHW7< # 70/ 7<:7AJDDKRHW/ @HWCJDY



J oh`bkd}kujgg êwxfê} uvêooã}fj6j nòo}uéàj}énkdyuê`k}$

J oh`jojeukdyjgg éoh}einoxu#nòo}ué`6 j NWKDH cidkué`dhn nòuvòdah}khd$

ppp$nwkdh#}wjiohw$ekc

˓ ˓

]]E CK Nb} } ]ho$6 .52 7=+878#<<< } idbkL}}ec<$ax

&

JV ÖF MJIOY ÒDGÝO IU NIAKVVJ J UVX\HWAÝU]*

HV NHOO H@Y UVX\HWAÝUDHN

ÖFHwýu/ jnêw 7<8 oõhwýu ck}kwwjo ]ê`ju/ jnêw :0/ 7 c5 wjn}éwwho]jnjwénku/ hxwk8 éu HHR ck}kwknnjo jv h`éuv ckmhoorêojuv}éngjdCjuuvãr/ jv jeéo oé}wjjorêvdjn nòuvòdah}ýhdUknkomjoö/ }ògg cid} 0<<< nÿoòdgòvý rêojuv}aj}õ nkd`xwêeiõrjo

IRHEK CÊWNJNHWHUNHMÉUHN6 GHUUK VW]-#/)&BYi'B^ggaV[f#!-:F^g-<"/#!!.#%.""H]U NB]$!".1[PfhaQSk'BPng4PafePmmn-/-:F g-<"/!)."%+)"OHRJD]HQ NB]$ :<== Gxmj|hu}/;bPa[BPajn-!-:F^g-<"/&).%)""UVJOJY JX]ÕAÊV NB]$/"""J^Yijêf'JPfhmPf^g^b'&&%î_f:F^g-<"/#/.".%/"" ]WXEN UJRJWIJ NB]$ 90<< Uvkcgj}ahoy/ Uêwrêw x$ 82$> ]ho$6 <2 9= 877#<0<>BHOAJ]JOCJVK]] CÊWNJNHWHUNHMÉUHN6 AIOEV " BIJ NB]$ #!!JPjPiV'JhiinfTn-$("-:F^g-<"/#&&)%+"$NF@yF VW]$ #&""JPbhioa'?a^V[f$"-:F^g-<"/$!."/%//OHRJD]HQ]J]JGÊDYJ NB]-!$""FPfPQmkP'3ka[f&)-:F^g-<"/)&.!%&."\JDDKD ]WXEN 7<<< NB]-$+""\PgP^Sâi|^S'\amk[E[jgin".-:F^g-<"/+!.%$" ]WXEN UJRJWIJ MHGWHEHD NB]$&")"6^Qa^Y^m'H|emn-)-:F^g-<"/.!.!&%"+"]WXEN I]JOIJ NB]$).!/E[ijhgY'\i[SehmV[n-:F^g-<"/&/&)%".XDIEJW JX]ÕEHD]WXC NB]$ 55<< H`hw/ Nýoyxn x$ 2$> ]ho$6 <2 52 8:7#<:<HXWK]WJMH NB]-!+&$J[i[SemV'EFanYj9^mfane:F^g-<"/)&../%/.. BHOAJ]JOCJVK]] MJIOY EHD]HW6 MHO]J ]WXEN NB]$ :<90 Gxmj|hu}/ ]êgoêu x$ 51$> ]ho$6 <2 : 581#:===

BHOAJ]JOCJVK]] ÉW]ÉNHUÃ]ÉUI \KD]KN6 I]JOEJCIKD NB]$ :<70 Gxmj|hu}/ Ghc wn|$ 57$> ]ho$6 <2 : 7:=#20<<> 2:<< Niunxdbéoh`yaêvj/ Uvh`hmi ö} 19$> ]ho$6 <2 02 =5<#850& 58U:5R ckmhoo/ :8 ( nhvmý ghvh}éuuho/ 2< aõdj|ku bx}jcimýrho/ :< ( cjwjmrêdy éw}énnho/ hxwõ joj|ö vêw}ré`þ |édvÿ`yi oãvid` huh}éd$ J bho}ÿd}h}h}} êwjn ÊBJ déonÿo/ 79< B}+₯ êwbkoyjc chooh}} éwrédyhuhn$Jv jneiõ wéuvoh}hiwýo éwmhnoýmfòd j cêwnjnhwhunhméuhnghd rj`y jv irhek$ax phgkomjokd$ J }êfénkv}j}êu dhc }hofhu nòwþ/ dhc cidýuÿo nò}hohvý jfêdoj}}é}hodhn$ Wéuvoh}hn jv IRHEK cêwnjnhwhunhméuhnghd$J né|hd oê}aj}õ jx}õ iooxuv}wêeiõ$



UEJDIJ

Hxwk RI nkccxdêoiu fêwcź

J Uejdij ghcx}j}}j jv houŚ HxwkRI ck}kwwjo uvhwho} nkccxdêoiu fêwcźré}/ h`y euj}kwdj}iuv}ã}õ`é|nkeui}$ J ckmxoêwiu `yêw}êuiwhdmuvhwdhn nòuvòdah}Śhd gêw#cioyhd fêwcźaòv u|heibinêoaj}õj Uejdij Hxwk RI ck}kwfj$ Wêj#mêuxo jv Hxwk RI ck}kw jonj}wé#uvhi dhc bkòjodjn ho }ògg ah#oyh} jv jorêvkd/ cid} j nkwêggick}kwkn$J dé`y}hd`hoyhu Hxwk RI#ku euj#}kwdj}iuv}ã}õ fêwcź j bhoé|ã}cé#dyhvéu uvhc|kd}fêgõo h`y i`jvicźwhchn6 j bhoé|ã}cédy hoah#oyhvéuéwh j }hd`hoyhn nòvò}}whdmhonhvéuwh êooõ ahoyh} ajuv#dêo}ên bho$ J Uejdij ahoy}jnjwé#nku Hxwk RI ch`komêuêdjn hwhm#cédyhné||hd j ni|xbk`õmkgcéwh}h ch`h`yhvin jv Hxwk R#déo ajuvdêo} ni|xbk`õh`yué`céwh}érho/ ã`y j bhoé|ã}cédy#`yêw}õn nòddyź ahoyvh}ghdrjddjn/ cirho dideu uvÿnué` jbhoé|ã}cédy ê}jojnã}êuêwj$J nkc|jn} céwh} hoohdéwh j ni#|xbk`õwhdmuvhw cidmhd koyjdhohch} éu wéuvh`yué`h} }jw}jo#cjv/ jci jv Hxwk RI dkwcêdjn ch`bhohoŚ x}õnhvhoéui bkoyj#cj}akv uvÿnué`hu$ J ni|xbk`õ#`êvkn hoŚuvòw h`y kqimêeiõu nj#}joivê}kwkd chddhn nhwhuv}ÿo/jchoy hoŚnéuvã}i Śnh} j bkoyjcj}nòrh}nhvŚ oé|éuéwh/ j wéuvheu#nhuvźwŚd }òw}édŚ ê}ajojmêuwj/jvjv j uvioêwm wéuvheunén ho}ê#rkoã}êuêwj$ J `êvkn iddhd j né}

|êwaxvjcku UEW#nj}joivê}kwgj fx}djn j di}wk`éd#kqimkn ho}êrkoã}êuj ré`h}}/cjfm j bkoyjcj}ré`éd jv x}õkqimê#eiõu nj}joivê}kwgjdj ni|xbk`õ`êvgjdcjwjm} jccõdij ho#}êrkoã}êuj }òw}édin ch`$ Cidmhwwh j ni#|xbk`õwhdmuvhwhdghoÿo nhwÿo ukw$

Jv jorêv ioyhd nkc|ohq bhoé|ã}#cédyhvéué} j mêdiji F Arim}rhmOjwuhd J+U bhoé|ã}cédy`yêw}õré`hv}h$J euj}kwdj}iuv}ã}õ fêwcź h`yUejdij @ =1< 1q7 jorêv mx|ojnkwcêdyvk}} houŚ }hd`hooyho éuh`y aimwjxoinxujd nkwcêdyvk}}uh`ém}hd`hooyho j ajf}k}} }hd#`hoy cò`ò}}$ J =1< oõhwŚu :5 oi#}hwhu Hxwk RI ck}kw dykcj}énj78<< Dc/ jchoy gŚrhd hoh`hd#mŚ j fêwcź chàjf}êuêwj rjoj#cid} j uh`émghwhdmhvéuhn cź#nòm}h}éuéwh$Jv Hxwk RI nêwkujdyj`#nigkeuê#}êui dkwcj 7<:7$ mhehcghw 5:#éd bk` éoh}gh oé|di jv öf fêwcźckmhoohnwh rkdj}nkvõjd/ cjfmh`y érrho néuŚgg cêw cid#mhd hojmk}} öf fêwcźwh éwrédy#ghd ohuv$ J }òwrédyi uvjgêoyk#vêukn hobk`jmêuj x}êd j Uejdijhuh}éghd cêw cku} ohah}Śué`rjd Hxwk RI#kunéd} whìuv}wêodij fêwcźrhnh}$ J aj}õuê`kn dé#aêdy hxwõ|ji kwuvê`gjd cêwmko`kvdjn j ohah}ué`hu òuv}òd#vŚ#whdmuvhwhnhd/ jchoyhn uh#`ã}ué`h} dyöf}jdjn jv ÿvhcho}h#}Śndhn/ ak`y j fhohdoh` whdmho#nhvéuwh êooõ oh`}iuv}êgg }headk#oõìêgj bhn}huuhdhn gh$

CJ@YJW GIKH]JDKO

UVÒRH]UÉ@

Gikh}jdko`yêw Ckaêeukd

Öfjgg gikh}jdko ÿvhch} é|ã}Ckaêeukd jv H}ajdko Hxwk|hWhdhpjgohu O]M$ J Gjwjdyj#ch`yhi `yêwgjd j }hwrhn uvh#

wid} érhd}h }ògg uvêv ciooiõ oi}hwnòwdyhvh}gjwê} ÿvhcjdyj`k}êooã}jdêdjn hoŚ$ J `yêw}õÿvhcjoj|nŚoh}é}hoérho ajvêdn öfjggoé|éu} }h}} jbhoé/ ak`y niré}hohuchvŚ`jvmjuêì ohah}Śué`hi} ni#ajuvdêorj/ hxwõ|ji dj`yaj}j#okccê rêoajuukd j vòom ÿvhc#jdyj`kn hoŚêooã}êuêdjn }hwéd ―aãr}j bho j bi`yhoch} Aéff Mhch#}hw/ jv CGUV hodònh$J \jddkdij H}ajdko CkaêeuVw}$ cid}h`y =1 ciooiêwmgõo bho#é|ÿoŚ gikh}jdko#`yêwj rêwaj#}õjd 7<:5 ré`éwh néuvÿo ho$ Jvê|wioiugjd ê}jmk}} mxdjbòomrêwi`yêw chooh}} hv ohuv jv ãw }xojf#mkdi aê}}éwwho whdmhonhvŚ eé`cêukmin cj`yjwkwuvêì ÿvhch$J ckaêeui ghwxaêvêu òuuvh#uhd 2<< hcghwdhn jm cxdnê}/ÿvhcho}h}éuh nòvrh}ohdÿo 08bŚdhn/ nòvrh}rh |hmi` oh`joêgghvhw hcghwdhn giv}kuã} ch`éo#ah}éu} akuuvö }êrkd$ J rêoojoj}}hwrhi uvhwid} jv öf ÿvhc érhd#}h 7=< ciooiõ oi}hw nòwdyhvh}gj#wê} ÿvhcjdyj`k} êooã}jdj hoŚ éu:08 hvhw }kddj/ êooj}kn h}h}éué#wh ajuvdêoaj}õ uvêwjv nxnkwiej#}òwnòoy} êooã}jdj hoŚ$ Jv öf ÿvhcbhoé|ã}éuérho/ }krêggê j }jrjuv#uvjo ê}jmk}} }hwchoŚh`yué``hoj wéìõ oh`dj`ykgg gikh}jdkohoŚêooã}õfêrê rêoin ajvêdn$

IRHEK

Mjioy 58E:0 ojnõjx}õ#jorêv

Jv Irhek j Ojinj Ejwjrjdu |jw}#dhwhnéd} aõmã}k}}j ch` Éuvjn#Hxwõ|ê} j —Ojinj Jwe}ie Hq|hwi#hdeh 7<:7– hq|hmãeiõgjd/ jchoy fjdxêw :8#éd idmxo} U}x}}`jw}gõo$J wéuv}rhrŚn/ j nòvho=< dj|ku }öwj ukwêdjv ér ohàimh`hggaõdj|fjigjd éw}én ho jv éuvjni ujwnnòw}jv öf/ Irhek jorêvwjé|ÿo} éu B\] Idmxu}#wijo ck}kwwjo bhouvh#who} Ojinj Nwhku 1<:<ojnõjx}õ uh`ã}ué`é#rho$J }ògg cid} :< hvhwniokcé}hw akuuvö/Hxwõ|j oh`éuvjniggriménhiwh }jw}õ }éoiö} eéofj j fêwcź éunihchonhmŚ cźuvj#ni ch`komêujidjn }huv}hoéuh rko}$ Jvöf Mjioy 58E:0 ojnõ#jx}õjorêvwj é|ã}h}}

Ojinj Nwhku} h`y :0< oõhwŚu Hxwk8 hwŚbkwwêuujo uvhwho}én bho$ J bhf#oh}} cźuvjni ch`komêukndjn nò#uvòdah}Śhd j ojnõjx}õ jv hmmi#ìhndéo fhohd}Śuhd jojeukdyjggnêwkujdyj`#nigkeuê}êu} éuÿvhcjdyj`#bk`yjuv}êu} éw} ho$J whdmnãrÿo nòddyź jorêv fõrko#}êgõo j ojnõjx}õ i`hd niu }òch#`ź/ x`yjdjnnkw uvioêwm ohah}$ Jnkc|kvi} jdyj`kngõo néuvÿo}houŚ bhobÿ``huv}éu `jwjd}êofj juvhwnhvh}i u}jgioi}êu} éu jv joj#eukdy òduöoy}/ ã`y j `yêw}õn jbhoé|ã}cédy nijojnã}êujnkw }òggohah}Śué``ho éu dj`ykgg }hw#ahoah}Śué``ho uvêckoaj}djn$J Mjioy ojnõjx}õjorêv i`jvi hwh# fé} hvhdbhoÿo j mx|oj aê}uõ nhwh#nhn jmfên/ jchoyhn u}jgiojggê}huvin j `é|fêwcźrh}/ éu ch`#dòrhoin j }hd`hoy }hwahoah}Śué#`é}$ J rhvh}Śÿoéu nijojnã}êuêdêobk`rj j ohah}Ś oh`dj`ykgg né#dyhoch} dyöf}fj j ohàkuuvjggx}jnkd iu$ J gjo komjowj uvhwho}névibénnjwdjn éu j cźuvhwbjokdhoahoyhvh}} uhghuué`rêo}õdjn nòuvòdah}Śhd }ògg ahoy cjwjmjv x}ju}éw nòvé|uŚ wéuvéd/ ã`yj bÿonéghd h`yuvhwźgghd ohah}ckvk`di$ J bêwjmêu euònnhd#}éué} éu j rhvh}Ś bi`yhocédhn bhdd}jw}êuê} uvko`êofj jv ÿoéuéu j nhvhoŚuvhwrhn hw`kdkci#nxu nijojnã}êuj/ rjojcid} j nkw#cêdynhwén iu/ jchoydhn cj`ju#uê`j =8 cc#hu }jw}kcêdygjdêooã}aj}õ$ J dj`y bhoÿoh}ź uvéoré#mŚ éu j uvéohu oê}õuvò`ź riuuvj#|ioojd}õ }ÿnwòn |hmi` k|}icêoiunioê}êu} giv}kuã}jdjn j ukbŚw uvê#cêwj$


Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 ▿ Fö di xu i ak wi vk d}:7

PPP$IJJ$MH



FÊWCż@YÊW]Õ ÉU NHWHUNHMHOCI NB]$

755< Mxdjajwjuv}i/ Fhmoin Êdyku ö} =5]ho$6 .52#7=+8<5#<<</ bjq6 .52#7=+8<5#<<:H#cjio6 kbbieh$gxmj|hu}Lueapjwvcxhoohw$ekc

ppp$ueapjwvcxhoohw$ekc

GØRHGG IDBKWCÊEIÕÉW] AÃRFJ ]HWßOH]I NÉ\RIUHOØIDNH]*Cj`yjwi @êgkw6 7<+=::#1=91!Gxmj|hu} éu \hu})Rikoj Oêuvoõ6 5<+95:#5507 !Nkcêwkc#Huv}hw`kc/ Bhféw/ ]kodj/ Gjwjdyj/ nhoh} Ukck`y)Gjokà Êmêc6 7<+907#1995 !Rju/ @yøw#Ckukd#Uk|wkd/ Rhuv|wéc/ Vjoj/ dyx`j} Ukck`y)Wjmrêduvni @êgkw6 7<+5:7#1559 !Fêuv#Dj`ynxd#Uvkodkn/ Gêeu#Niunxd/ Eukd`wêm/ Généu)Wjrjuv Wkojdm6 7<+572#<81= !Dõ`wêm/ Ahrhu/ GJV/ Uvjgkoeu#Uvj}cêw#Ghwh`/ Ajfmö#Giajw)

Cj`yjwi @êgkw6 .52#7<#=::#1=91 !Gxmj|hu} éu \hu} ch`yh)

Rikoj Oêuvoõ6 .52#5<#95:#5507 !Nkcêwkc#Huv}hw kc/ Bhféw/ ]kodj/ Gjwjdyj/ nhoh} Ukck`y)

Ukck`yi Jdmwhj6 .52#7<#907#1995 !Rju/ @yýw#Ckukd#Uk|wkd/ Rhuv|wéc/ Vjoj/ dyx`j} Ukck`y)

Wjmrêduvni @êgkw6 .52#7<#5:7#1559 !Fêuv#Dj`ynxd#Uvkodkn/ Gêeu#Niunxd/ Eukd`wêm/ Généu)

Wjrjuv Wkojdm6 .52#7<#572#<81= !Dõ`wêm/ Ahrhu/ GJV/ Uvjgkoeu#Uvj}cêw#Ghwh`/ Ajfmö#Giajw)



gxuvbhuv}irêo} jv h`yin joj|ã}õ/ Akcc

Nêwkoy dyi}k}}j ch`/ jni hockdm}j/

jcinkw ni}joêo}ên hv} j whdmhvrédy}/ jv rko}

j eéo/ ak`y hv dh eujn h`y niêooã}êu oh`yhd/

ajdhc ÿddh|h j ajvji gxuv}êwujmjokcdjn*

Jv iu jv hwhmh}i ho`kdmkoêukn nòvò}} uvhwh#

|ho}/ ak`y hv j `yêw}õn/ ic|kw}Śwòn/ jonj}#

wéuv#ghuvêooã}õn/ ÿvhcho}h}Śn nòvòu bõwx#

cêrê rêofkd/ jv jx}õgxuvkn uvhwhochuhidhn

nihcho} whdmhvrédyh oh`yhd$

Akcc Nêwkoy uinhw}òw}édh}néd} éw}énho}h

cj`ê} j gxuvbhuv}irêo}/ ckdmrêd/ hwwh gi#

vkdyã}én/ ak`y j fhohd `jvmjuêì nòwÿocé#

dyhn hoohdéwh iu uknjd rh}}én j bêwjmuê`k}/

jv hdhwìê}/ éu ch`|wõgêonkv}jn j whdmho#

nhvéuÿnwh êooõ |édvòuuvh`h} ch`ckvmã}j#

di/ ak`y j whdmhvrédy dh bxoojmfkd éwmhn#

}hohdué`gh$ Jv} iu akvvêbźv}h/ hddhn j bhuv#

}irêodjn jv j oh`dj`ykgg hwhmcédyh/ ak`y

oé}hvin/ cźnòmin$

Jnêw jv hocöo} érrho òuuvhrh}rh/ hv j gxuv#

òuuvhfòrh}ho aźhd }ÿnwòv}h j ajvji gxuv#

ahoyvh}h}$ J niêooã}õn uvêcj x`yjd òuuvhu#

ué`éghd dhc rêo}kvk}}/ uŚ} j aê}}éwi|jw

né|riuhoh}éghd cé` }ògghd iu cx}j}nkv}jn

gh/ mh j gxuvkn nhrhuhgghd rko}jn ― }iuv}h#

oh} j niré}hodhn/ }ògg eé` iu eujn h`yh}ohd

gxuv} akvk}}$

Cé` eujn uvjncjghoidhn uhc nhoo ohddi

jddjn ch`êooj|ã}êuêwj/ ak`y uiwjocju/ ho#

nhuhwã}Ś j ajvji gxuvahoyvh}/ jnêw j rêwk#

ukngjd/ jnêw j Rkoêd#}êwujuê`kndêo$ J gx#

uvkn ê}oj`éoh}nkwj eujn dŚ/ êooj|k}xn h`ywh

idnêgg wkcoin/ éu né} érh Cj`yjwkwuvê`kd

dhc rko} gxuv}hdmhwniãwêu/ hddhn ahoyégh

riuvkd} bkoyjcj}kujd éw}huÿoÿdn öfjgg éu

öfjgg ho`kdmkoêuknwõo/ rêo}kvêu}hwrhvh}hn#

wŚo/ eujn é||hd dhc }òw}édin koyjd éwmhc#

oh`hu mkok`/ jci réòh` nickvmã}jdê hggŚo

jv êooj|k}gõo j cj`yjw gxuv|ijek}$ \hmi`

nãdêoj}gjd dideu aiêdy/ aj eujn j cj`yjw

gxuv`yêw}õnj} }hnid}fÿn/ j cimigxuvkn}õo

j rêwkui uvõoõ éu euxnoõu gxuvknkd ê} jv id#

}hwei}y gxuvkni` rjd rêojuv}én/ j `yêw}õn

dhc nhréu |édvhnh} òo}hn j bhfohuv}éugh ―

fõ ohddh/ aj hv dhc aiêgj }òw}éd} rkodj* Jv

iu fõ ohddh/ aj fòrŚwh j :<$ fxgiohxci bhuv#

}irêo }édyoh` j ajvji gxuv}êwujmjokc ÿddh#

|éré rêodj$

GXUVBHUV]IRÊO ― ]ÒNÒO 7<:7

Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 ▿ Födixui akwivkd}:=

J

:$ J Nwjr}hq = gxuvêgõo 5 7$ Ei}jmhoo :9 ‧ 5$ Ei}jmhoo :7

=$ Idkrhoo

J aõdj| }écêfj▿J ajvji jx}õgxuv|ije uhwhùvhcoéfh

9$ GXUVBHUV]IRÊO― ]ÒNÒO 7<:7@yêw}õn/ ic|kw}Śwòn/ ghuvêooã}õn/ aê}}éwi|jw }joêonkvêuj

Ê|wioiu x}kouõ euÿ}òw}òni dj|fêd aj`ykcêdykujd gxuvbhuv}irêo rjd j }ònòoiwh|ÿoŚ}éwhd$ Hv j whdmhvrédy j rêouê` oh`dhahvhgg érhighd uhc cjwjm} ho!nòuvòdah}Śhd j uvhwrhvŚ J||jokkuj }êwujuê`djn iu)/ gêw j bhuv}irêo} réì`dévrhj oê}k`j}õdjn jv jv éwvéuh }êcjm}/ j gxuvrioê`gjd cku} rjd i}} jv i`jvi rêouê`$

Nwjr}hq#Nÿadh

Cj`yjw gxuvöfmkduê``jo h`yhmÿo j Nwjr#

}hq#Nÿadh eéèuk|kw} fhohd}nhvh}}$ J Ewhmk

Idkrhoo j }jrjoy ghcx}j}k}} Hekdhoo }hu}ré#

wh$ J nkwêggi HE/ IE nkwuvhwźuã}éuh ahoyh}}

öf gxuvkn bhfohuv}éuéwŚo aj}êwkvk}} j eé`$ !J

gxuv ghcx}j}õfj oj|xdn 87$ komjoê}õo korju#

aj}õ$)

J gxuv|whcihw cêw eujn jvéw} iu chòh|Ś/

chw} j gxuvbhuv}irêo hoŚ}}i aé}hd hoé` dj`y

bi`yhoch} nho}h}} j eéèuk|kw} i`jv`j}õfê#

djn/ Nwjdnkrieu Iu}rêddjn j ghfhohd}éuh/ ci#

uvhwid} aj ghoê}aj}õ imŚd ghoÿo dhc }òw}é#

din rêo}kvêu/ jvjv dhc ohuv }hdmhwniãwêu/ j

Nwjr}hq nédy}hohd ghbhfhvdi j gxuv`yêw}êu}$

Jv uhc }i}kn/ j }êwujuê` iccêw }ògg cid}

h`y érh xmrjwwj/ jvjv wjn}êwwj `yêw}$ Hv}

jvkdgjd dhc ohah} j ré`}hohduéì` euidêo#

di$ Jv i`hdeujn iwwhêoiudjn }źdŚ }hrénhdy#

ué`dhn jcö`y ch`rjd j okìnxu cj`yjwê#

vj}j/ jvjv ak`y j }ògg cid} h`y ér}ivhmhu

cxdnj}j|juv}joj}/ j bhfohuv}éuwh bkwmã}k}}

ciooiêwmkn dh rhuuvhdhn nêwgj/ hvéw} dhc

jnjw}ên ghvêwdi j `yêwj}/ uvéodhn hwhuv}hdi

j mko`kvõnj}$ J }ògg uvêv cxdnjdéonÿoiré

rêoõ hcghw j `yêwgjd/ }ògg uvêv j ghuvêooã#

}õi nòwgŚo ― hv i`jvêd dykcõu éwr ohah}dh j

cxdnj bkoy}j}êuêakv$

Ioyhd hoŚvcédyhn x}êd j eéèuk#

|kw} j oh`dj`ykgg cj`yjw gxuv#

`yêw}õnéd} céìu = gxuv} akvk}}

j niêooã}êuwj ― }joêd hcoénhv}h#

}Śÿo/ }joêd bi`yhohcbhoaãrêu éw#

mhnéghd$ Rêwkui/ hoŚrêwkui/ id}hw#

ei}y ― eujn whdmhoéuwh rêwdjn$

CJ@YJW @YÊW]ÕN

:

7 5 =



ukn hq}wêrjo nj|aj}õ/ éu jnêw }êrkouêì niri#

}hoghd iu hoéwah}Ś$

I}joejcikd ― Wênku Fêwcź Nb}$

Cêw }jrjoy iu oê}aj}}xn j gxuvbhuv}irêokd

j 72―5: uvhcéoyhu Mxdjgxu}$ Jv I}joej#

cikd éu j Wênku Fêwcź fh`yhv}h cimi uvh#

céoyuvêooã}õ} Irhek jorêvwj é|ã}h}}h j Wênku

Fêwcź Nb}$ Hmmi` òuuvhuhd 5 mjwjg néuvÿo}

ghoŚoh6 h`y mjwjg cêw }xojfmkdkuj ch`hoé#

`hméuéwh mko`kvin/ j cêukmindjn iu jnjm}

rhrŚfh/ j ajwcjminj} |hmi` ghcx}j}õ

DJGI Nb}$

Iucé} céo}õ niêooã}êui nòwdyhvh}h} }hwhc}h}#

}hn Cj`yjwkwuvê`wj uvêd} gxuvjin uvêcêwj$

J cj`yjw céwdònòn cidmhd }hnid}h}ghd

nÿoòdoh`hu jx}õgxuvknj} jonk}}jn$ HoŚuvòw

j Uiwixu rêwkui#hoŚrêwkui gxuv néuvÿo} ho/ wê

nòwÿoghoÿo h`y érwh j Uiwixu ahoynòvi niri}ho$

J Uiwixugõo jnêw dj`y eujoêm iu ohah}dh6 `êv/

aigwim rj`y }iuv}êd hohn}wkcku ch`komêu iu

uvõgj fòah}dh$ \hwuvh chìd} j ukn bho}é}h#

ohu cõm$ Hmmi` x`yjdiu jv h`y#h`y ghcx}j#

}k}} rêwkui éu ahoynòvi Uiwixu gxuv rjd bkw`j#

okcgjd$ J fêwcźrhn cêw cidmhdbéoh }huv}h#

nhd uinhwhuhd uvhwh|ho}hn/ hv jvkdgjd dideu

aj}êuujo j ch`whdmhoéuhnwh$ Jv XUJ#gjd/

jakrj j DJGI uvêooã}/ ö`y `kdmkofên/ }h}uvh#

}Śu/ ckmhwd gxuvknnjo ohah} jv x}jvõnòvòd#

ué`h} j nòvòuuéì nòvohnhméuahv riuuvjeuê#

gã}jdi$ ]joêd dêoxdn iu fõ cõmuvhw ohah}dh•

Cj`yjw Jx}õgxuv`yêw}õ Nb}$

Cidmòuuvh h`y jx}õgxuuvjo fhohd}hn ch` j

n iêooã}êukd$ Jv J`wij Rkoêddêo mko`kvõ R:5=#

hu jx}õgxuv cêw j ch`öfã}k}} akcoknbjoojo

néuvÿo}$ Hv j }êwujuê` iu whcédynhmin éu rêw/

jciwh j }òggi cj`yjw yêw}õ/ jvjv }hdmhwni#

ãwêuwj/ gxuvwhdmhoéuwh$

Injwxu jddk

Fhohd éu mieuŚ cöo} né|riuhoh}éghd êoo} h`y#

cêu chooh}} jv Injwxu bhoiwj}k} riuhoŚ R:5=#

hu éu j `yòdyòwźhd whu}jxwêo} Injwxu 88#òu/

jchoy hv jonjokcwj jv hoh`êdu ahwhdmi |kw#

ehoêdgõo néuvã}h}} korjuõoêc|ênnjo cx}j}#

nkvk}} gh$

Eujgj Ch}êo Nb}$

J EuC Xwgjdxu 08<< cc akuuvöuê`ö ci#

migxuv chòé}h õ}j dhceujn j }ònòoi gxuv#

bhuv}irêo aźué`hu niêooã}õi/ ajdhc jv h`yh}#

ohd cj`yjw `yêw}õ/ jchoy }jrjoy éu 7<<9#

ghd iu wéuv} rh}} j nkw}wifni dj`y gxuvniêooã#

}êukd$ Cj`yjwkwuvê`kd Cj`yjw CidŚuéì

]hwcén Mãffjo }ÿd}h}}én ni$ J wkvumjchd}hu

jeéo rêvö cimigh 78.: ÿoŚahoy éu 5< êooõ#

ahoy rjwfj jv x}juknj}$ J cimigxuvgõo 0 mj#

wjgk} oh`yêw}k}}jn/ j gxuv} }huv}ho}én j Rk#

oêdkn/ j bhuv}irêokd j oê}k`j}õnj} uvêooã}k}}j

― éu cku}/ ajukdoõjd j }òggi `yêw}õakv rêw#

djn éu rêwdjn$ \hmi` cid} jfêdofên/ j gxuv

Fö di xu i ak wi vk d} ▿ Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 :8


:$ DJGI Uiwixu rêwkui#hoŚrêwkui

jx}õgxuv

7$ Uiwixu ahoynòvi nir i}ho

5$ Injwxu R:5=#hu jx}õgxuv

jv J`wij Rkoêd}õo

=―2$ J whu}jxwêo} Injwxu 88#òu

0$ EuC Xwgjdxu cimigxuv

1―9$ Jv I}joejcikd

éu j Wênku Fêwcź

fh`yhv}h Mxdjgx u

cimi uvhcéoyuvêooã}õ

Irhek jorêvwj é|ÿo}

x

:

7

5 =

8

2

0

1

9


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2012-06-camion-truck-bus-magazin 18/84GXUVBHUV]IRÊO ― ]ÒNÒO 7<:7


U =:8 @]#AM

éu ghouŚ }hwh

Jv C2 O$K$@$ ― Njc ikd BédyhwŚ ― FGxu

niêooã}êui }hwÿoh}h cimigxuvknnjo

HrkGxu

]jrjoy cx}j}}ên gh j }hofhuhd —ê}mko`kvk}}–

Ei}jwõ}$ Jv öf `hdhwêeiõ h`y né|riuhoŚfh

rhdmé`hunhmh}} j gxuvbhuv}irêokd$ J Ei}j#

wk E7 :7 :<8 cc akuuvö/ j ck}kwfj KC =80

aOJ/ 77< nP }hofhuã}cédyź/ HHR —bknkvj}ö–$

Uhghuué`rêo}õfj Rki}a MIPJ$8/ = bknkvj}ö

éu jx}kcj}j$ J gxuvgjd 58#hd bkòjoaj}djn

ho ÿoŚahoyh}$ J gxuvrhvh}Śndhn nhmrhvhd#

mŚ }hofhuhd öf rhvh}Ś}hwh} nj|}jn/ ckmhwd

cźuvhwbjoj}/ ch`hcho} ukbŚwÿoéu}$ J giv#

}kduê` 5 gh}źuhi6 JUW/ HDW/ HU\$

J gxuv komjoêd |hmi` jwwõo nj|}xdn aãw}/

ak`y jv cêw dhc iu koyjd uknêwj Hxwk RI#ku

ck}kwwjo iu whdmhoah}Ś* ]jrjoy ÿddh|ho}én j Uh}wj 2<$ uvÿoh}éudj|#

fê}/ cinòvghd i`jvêdmigõo :<< érhu cöo}j}

}xmaj}djn cj`xn cò`ò}}$ ]édy/ jv òdakw#

mõ njwkuuvéwiêu gxuvkn `yêw}êuj 2: érrho

hvhoŚ}} nhvmŚmò}}$ J gxuvbhuv}irêokd h`y

U =:8 @]#AM rêw}j jv éwmhnoŚmŚnh}/ oéréd

hv j oh`nhmrho}hgg }ã|xu$ J Ekcbkw} Eojuu

eujoêm }j`fj j cj`yjwkwuvêì riuvkdykndjn

cidmhd }hnid}h}ghd ch`bhoho/ }xwiu}j#}êrko#

uêì bhojmj}knakv h`yjwêd}$ J ghcx}j}k}}

gxuv ê}oj`ku bhouvhwho}ué`ź/ nkdyaj dideu

ghddh/ mh rjd PE$ J :7 7<< cc#hu gxuv}

KC =80 OJ HHR nòwdyh#

vh}rémhoci ghukwkoêuö/ 5:8 nP#ku ck}kw

ckv`j}fj/ j uhghuué`rêo}õ CG @K 7=<#1 jx#}kcj}j/ =9.:.: béwŚahoyhu$

H]U Nb}$

Cidmhd érghd i`yhnhvdhn cêu éu cêu jx}õ#

gxuv} ghcx}j}di jv Iwiugxu `jvmj` nãdêoj}ê#

gõo$ Cã` }jrjoy jv jojeukdy ghoé|éuź Ewkuu#

pjy hoŚrêwkui gxuv} akv}ên ]ònòowh/ iméd

j Ei}hoiu rêwkui gxuuvjo rkdxo}jn bho/ jchoy

nÿoòdòuhd rêwkugjwê} nòvohnhméui huvnòv/

cirho ÿvhcjdyj`j uźwã}h}} bòom`êv$ Fõoohah}

j ghuvhwvéui nòo}ué`h dj`ykgg cid} j mãvh#

oé/ mh hv j |oxuvnijmêu jv jojeukdyjgg ÿvh#

cho}h}éui nòo}ué`hn cij}} wòrim imŚd ghoÿo

IC\KW]ŜWÒN

Jv —ê}mko`kvk}} –

Ei}jwk E7/

ck}kwfj éu ghouŚ

}hwh

Ei}hoiu !ED@)

rêwkui gxuv

fêwcźdhn }jw}fên ― chw} éwmhnoŚmŚ jnjm/

aiuvhd niuhgg }êwujuê`kn x}jv}j}êuêwj nirê#

oõjd ch`bhoho/ j eukcj`}éw oé}h ohah}Śré

}huvi/ dh eujn wòrim x}jnwj ohahuuhd i`édygh

rhddi$ J gxuv néuvã}Śfh uvhwid} h`ywh fkgg/

i`édyhuhgghd nimko`kvk}} j fêwcź/ jv hm#

miì h`yhmi ÿvhcgh ahoyhvéu ahoyh}} cku}

cêw j }ã|xugivkdyã}rêdy chùvhwvéuh j eéo$

C2 O$K$@$ ― Njcikd BédyhwŚ ― FGxu

J niêooã}êui }hwÿoh}hd oê}aj}}xn iucé} j 5

érrho hvhoŚ}} ghcx}j}k}} FGxu yêw}k}}j ci#

migxuv}/ jchoy niu céwh}h hoohdéwh 55 x}ju}

iu né|hu uvêooã}jdi$

J Fêuv#\ojuv}in Jx}õehd}wxc Nb}$ k}} rhd#

mé`hunhmh}}/ cid}h`y ghcx}j}rj/ cioyhd

—joj|jdyj`kngõo– iu néuvÿodhn j cimigx#

uvkn/ jvjv j U|wid}hw êwxuvêooã}õ cinéd} rêo#

}kvin uvhcéoyuvêooã}õ fêwcźré$

Jv C2 O$K$@$ uknbéoh }hrénhdyué`égŚo oê}#

aj}}xdn ajuvdêo} gxuv nhwhunhmhoch} mh#

ckdu}wêoõ euxnoõu gxuv}/ hvhdnãrÿo gxuvÿoé#

uhnh} éu }k}hckuvok|knj}/ jchoyhnhd j Nj#

cikdbédyhvŚ Nb}$ }hrénhdyué`é} aiwmh}}én/

jvjv }hofhu nòwź fêwcźi|jwi ch`komêuknj}$

x



rêwkuêgjd/ jako h`yégnéd} jv kwuvê` h`yh}#

ohd !Rkork) aigwim gxuvj ê|wioiu}õo j bkw`j#okcgjd mko`kvin$ Whcéoah}Śoh` ohuv jonj#

okc jv CJD#} akuuvjgg imŚwh ni|wõgêodi$

Jv òwh`/ oheuhwéoéuwh éwh}} jx}õgxuvkn ah#

oyh}} jfêdok}}j jv CJD né|riuhoh}h jv CJD

Oikd’u Whìk gxuv}$ J }huv}hoéuhd cêw hv

huh}ghd iu }öofx}k}}jn j Rkoêdkn/ mieuéw}én

}hofhuã}cédyé}/ bk`yjuv}êuê}/ nkcbkw}fê}/

}xmfên/ êw+éw}én jwêdygjd cj`ju cidŚué`ź

}hwcénh} nj|!dê)djn$

\wécixc nj}h`õwiêu gxuvnéd} j déci ê}joj#

nã}êu} nj|k}} éu HHR cidŚuã}éuź Oikd’u Ekjea

rko} j bhuv}irêokd$ Ch`dyhwŚgg nÿouŚ/ ê}#

mko`kvk}} eken|i} ― éu |hwuvh hvhnhd nãrÿocé` }òggbéoh cêu öfã}êu }òw}éd} jddjn éw#

mhnéghd/ ak`y cé` rkdvõgg oh`yhd j

ch`}éwÿo$ HwwŚo —uvÿoŚajvêfêgjd–/ Kojuvkw#

uvê`gjd uknj} }xmdêdjn chuéodi/ eujn nho#ohdédhn Cj`yjwkwuvê`kd/ jnin chàjoo`j}#

fên$

J gxuvgjd Irhek Exwukw 1 ED@ ck}kw mko`k#

vin/ HHR nòwdyhvh}rémhoci bknkvj}gjd$ Jv

x}jubéwŚahoyhn uvêcj 11.:/ }hwcéuvh}huhd

nhwhnhuuvén#ahoy nijojnã}êuujo$ J gxuv }h}h#

féd 1 ED@ !uźwã}h} } bòom`êv) }jw }êoy} ahoyhv#

}hn ho$ Jv jx}õgxuv ohah} :7 rj`y :</8 cé}h#

whu/ cidmnh}}Ś néuvÿoah} 7 rj`y 5 jf}õrjo$

CJD Njcikd éu Gxuv Nhwhunhmhoci Nb}$

I`jvêd ch`jm}ên j cõmfê} j fhohdoé}ÿndhn$

Hv dhceujn jv} fhohd}i/ ak`y 8 jx}õgxuv}akv}jn/ ajdhc jv} iu/ ak`y hoh`êdu nòwdyh#

vh}h} rjwêvuko}jn j gxuvkn nòwé/ jako dyx#

`km}jd ohah}h}} ghuvéo`h}di/ néwméuhnwh rê#

ojuv} nj|di/ jnêw }êw`yjoêuknj} bkoy}j}di$I`jvi öfmkduê` rko} jv CJD Oikd’u Ei}y Ayg#

wim jx}õgxuv$ J rioê` jo}hwdj}ãrÿvhcjdyj`#

oêvgjd é`/ jv kwuvê`kn/ j `yêw}õn nix}j} nh#

whudhn/ nx}j}fên j mãvhochd}hu ch`komêukn

fòrŚghdi ohah}Śué`é}$ Mh jmmi` iu/ cã` h`y

rj`y }ògg jo}hwdj}ãr ÿvhcjdyj` ajuvdêoj#

}j êo}joêdkuuê ohuv/ oh`joêgg j mãvhobhoajuv#

dêoêu} i`yhnhvdhn céwuénhodi$ Jv CJD cêw

déaêdy érh `yêw} aigwim jx}õgxuv}/ j }huv#

}hn cidmhdako nhmrhvŚ hwhmcéddyho vêwxo#

}jn/ jci jv} fhohd}i/ j bk`yjuv}êu 78#5< uvê#

vjoénnjo euònnhd}$ !J cêuin õwiêui hwhmcédy

j nòwdyhvh}uvhddyhvéu céwuénoéuh$) Ujfdkunhréu imhi` rhdmé`hunhmh}} jv CJD aigwim

gxuv/ jvéw} h`y wòrim }huv} ghohbéw} Ciunkoe



:―=$ CJD Oikd’u Ei}y

Aygwim jx}õgxuv

8$ CJD Oikd’u Whìk

2―0$ CJD Oikd’u

Ekjea

x

: 7

5

=

8 2

0



fêwcź j }xwiu}jgxuvkn }xojfmkdkujidjn ―jnêw Cj`yjwkwuvê`kd iu$Né} ajuvdêo} gxuv nãdêo}j jddjn ohah}Śué#`é}/ ak`y j bhuv}irêokd nÿoòdòuhd nhmrhvŚêwkd }xojfmkdkuuê rêofkd rjojni$ Êc aiêgj jcx}j}õu/ fõ êooj|k}ö/ jneiõu êwö gxuv/ j fêw#cźrhn j }ònòoi wh|ÿoŚ}éwwŚo riuuvjnhwÿo}hn jv CJD mxdjajwjuv}i }hoh|éwh$

K}knjw

J }òwònkwuvêì `yêw}õ}õo éwnhvh}} K}knjwgxuv iu h`ycj`j êwrêonkmk}}$ ]jrjoy cé`h`y Rhe}ik éu h`y Djri`k jx}õgxuv né|ri#uho}h j bho}òwhnrŚ `yêwj}/ jv imhi bhuv}irêowjhv j uvhwh| j Nhd} 79< OB#wh aêwxo}$ !—Ŝ– iucjfmdhc ohcjwjm} j niêooã}êuwõo h`y uvhwhd#eué}ohd ÿ}nòvéu cij}}$)

Uejdij Axd`êwij Nb}$

J }jrjoyi/ ckdmaj}di uvźn nòwź ghcx}j#}õ} nòrh}Śhd j dj`ynòvòdué` cku} oê}aj}#}j hoŚuvòw j Uejdij KcdiHq|whuu jx}õgxuv}$Jv kn6 j dkwcêo |ijei nòwÿocédyhn nòvò}}h`yégnéd} hv iwêd} rjd ohìdnêgg nhwhuoh}$J niêooã}k}} gxuv öfmkduê`/ j 5$7<#ju rêo}kvj}öf id}hwei}y gxuv} nãdêo j Uejdij#|joh}}êwõo$ Jakuuvöuê`j jcö`y ::/<―:=/9 cé}hw nòvò}}ohah}ué`hu/ :=#béoh rêo}kvj}gjd/ jv ÿoŚah#oyhn uvêcj =9―0:/ 5<#béoh ÿoéuhowhdmhvéuohah}ué`hu/ j eukcj`}éw 5―2/5 c5$ J ck}kw71<―52< oõhwŚ }hofhuã}cédyź 9 rj`y =<<―==< oõhwŚu/ :5 oi}hwhu hwŚbkwwêuujo$Nÿoòdoh`huué`h/ ak`y k|eiõnéd} j nhwhnhuuvénhuhn uvêcêwj j nòvé|uŚ/ fhohd huh}ghdj cêukmin jf}õrjo uvhcghd nijojnã}k}}jn

ahoyh} !iddhd jmk}} huh}ghd nirhah}Ś dé`yÿoéu)/ h`y oib}}ho fx}aj} bho kmj j ckv`êuêgjdnkwoê}kvk}}/ mh x}jvêuwõo ohckdmjdi dhcjnjwõ uvhcéoy$

Rkork Axd`êwij Nb}$

Né} `yòdyòwź }xwiu}jgxuv} êooã}k}}jn ni/ wê#jmêuxo cidmnh}}Ś} jvvjo j nhoohchu }xmj}#}jo/ ak`y ch`rjd cêw j }xojfmkdkuxn iu$ JRkork 98<<#judjn éu 90<<#judjn ukn oê}k#`j}õfj jnjm}/ }ògg êockmkvõrjo iu }joêonkv#}xdn j ukbŚwÿoéughd$ Ré`ÿo iu òwÿoah}ÿdn/ak`y j cj`yjw rêoojonkvõn ioyhd gxuvknj}}xmdjn ÿvhcho}h}di$Jni ni`yòdyòwnòm}h cj`ê}/ jvkd éwmhnoŚ#mŚndhn j Rkork ]hohcj}ieuuvjo rjoõ joj|k#ujgg iuchwnhméu} jfêdok}}ên$ Cirho cidéo


:$ Oikd’u Ekjea WK0#jneiõgjd

7$ Dhk|ojd U}j woidhw ― jneiõujd

5$ Nhd} 79< OB jv K}knjw}õo =―8$ Uejdij Kcdi Hq|whuu éu ghouŚ

}hwh

x

Rkork 98<<

K|}icjo

éu j rhvh}Śbÿonh


: 7

5

=

8



oh uvÿnué`hu akckokìvêeiõrjo whdmhonhv#dhn$J uvźwŚ j ni|xbk`õmkg ahoyéwh nhwÿo$ J oh`#}ògg fêwcźaòv jv jmjoénjdyj` déonÿoi rêo#}kvj}k} jfêdofên$ J oédyh`6 j ni|xbk`õ`êvnkwkcwéuvhidhn cidicxc 98 uvêvjoénê}chùvźwi j nhwêcijmkg$ J whdmuvhwahv giv#}kuã}jdjn h`y hohn}wkcku bhoÿ`yhoŚh`yué#`h}/ choy }hoã}Śméu huh}éd fhohv j gxuv rh#vh}Śfédhn/ }krêggê h`y uvkb}rhw}/ jcirho jvÿvhcho}h}Ś h`y oj|}k| uh`ã}ué`érho gêwci#nkw wêeuj}ojnkvaj} jv hohn}wkcku h`yué`wh/nikorjuaj}fj j aigjnõmknj}/ hoohdŚwivah}i juvźwŚ êooj|k}ê}$ Bkd}ku }jw}kvén j uvźwŚ gh#òcoŚeuòré} gxwnkoõ aŚrémŚ |j|ojd/ jchoy#dhn bhojmj}j j cj`jujgg aŚcéwuénoh}ź `êvghéwnhvéuédhn hoŚuh`ã}éuh/ hvêo}jo j cj`j#ujgg aŚbkn giv}kuã}êuj$Jwwj jvkdgjd bi`yhochv}h} j eé`/ j whdmuvhwajuvdêoj}êrjo j fêwcźrhn nòwdyhvh}rémhocighukwkoêuj dhc rêo}kvin ch`* !Jaakv j EKéu DKq `êvkn chddyiué`é} iu euònnhd}hdinhoohdh$)J whdmuvhw njwgjd}jw}êuj cidicêoiu/ }êrko#uêì ajuvdêoj} huh}éd nòwÿoghoÿo 7<< <<< ni#okcé}hwhdnéd} rj`y 7 érhd}h nhoo j uvźwŚ}niuvhwhodi éu nié`h}di$ !Rêwkui ajuvdêoj} huh#}éd cj`ê}õo éw}h}ŚmŚhd uźwźgghd$) Jmjoén#jdyj`ku whdmuvhwahv giv}kuã}k}} jv jmjoén#hooê}êu$ J uvźwŚwh j `yêw}õ 7 ér rj`y 7<< <<<niokcé}hw `jwjdeiê} rêoojo$J whdmuvhw ghuvhwhoéué} j Dkrj Gxuv Nb}$ré`vi/ eujnö`y/ cid} jv imŚuvjnku njwgjd#}jw}êuknj}$

ICHQ Bio}hw}headinj Nb}$

J uk|wkdi kuv}wên―cj`yjw rh`yhurêoojoj}:99:#hu joj|ã}êunkwi eéofj j dyx`j}#hxwõ|jiéu jchwinji cidŚuéì uvźwŚn nhwhunhmhochrko}$ Jv imŚn ukwêd jv éw}énhuã}éui }hrénhdy#ué` nigŚrÿo}/ j nb}$ céwdòni éu niri}hohvŚibhojmj}knj} iu hooê}$Jv ICHQ Bio}hw}headinj Nb}$ j nòvohnhméu/jv i|jw éu j chvŚ`jvmjuê` uvêcêwj uvêooã}uvźwŚnh}/ uvźwéu}headinji ch`komêuknj}$ !J|kw}bõoiõgjd uvhwh|ho cé` jv i|jwi|kw# éu

}òggh} }xm j }xojfmkdku jwwõo/ fêwcźrhi ci#oyhd }hofhuã}cédy} dyöf}jdjn/ cioyhd u}ã#oxugjd rhvh}in jvknj}/ jddêo fkggjd }hw#rhvah}i éu bhfohuv}ah}i jv ÿvhcchdh}h}$Dj`ykd ukn/ aj dhc cidmhd cöoin jvimŚghd éwnhvŚ/ |kd}ku éu wéuvoh}hu id#bkwcêeiõd/ jchoy!hn) uh`ã}!hdhn) h`y#h`y mòd}éu chàkvj}joêgjd$ J RkorkGxu ]hohcj}ieu j rioê` uvêcku kwuvê`ê#gjd uvko`êoõ }hohcj}inji whdmuvhwhnghduvhwvh}} akuuvö }êrö }j|juv}joj}knkd joj|#uvin ― bõnxuvêorj jv ÿvhcjdyj`#bk`yjuv}êuéu jv éoh}}jw}jcnòo}ué`hnwh$ J }hohcj}injiwhdmuvhw h`yégnéd} rjojchddyi nkwuvhwźjx}õgxuvgjd jonjocjvaj}õ/ dhc eux|êd jRkork `yêw}cêdykngjd*

nòw} j uknbéoh/ fõ cidŚué`ź euhwhjonj}wéuv#`yêw}õ éu #bkw`jocjvõ eé``ho/ j Mihuho ]hea#din J@#rho$ Ã`y cidmhdni} jwwj gxvmã}jdjn/jni dhc jnjw ahoyh} éu |oxuvnòo}ué`h} êomkv#di jonj}wéuvhn }êwkoêuêwj/ riuvkd} bkd}ku jvjvkddjoi akvvêfx}êu jv jonj}wéuvhnahv/ bkw#mxofjdjn akvvêfxn givjokccjo$

AEE

J Axd`jwijd Ekjea Ekc|jdy jggjd uh`ã} jgxuvku rêoojonkvõndjn/ ak`y éo}huhgg nkwö fêwcźrhindhn iu ohah}Śré }huvi koyjd rê#wkukngj iu j ghfx}êu} !hvhngŚo h`ywh }òggrjd)/ jakrj eujn Hxwk IR#hu nòwdyhvh}rémho#ci bknkvj}ö fêwcźrho rj`y wéuvheunhuvź#wŚrho uvhwho} jx}õgxuuvjo ohah} ghajf}jdi$!Wõcj ghorêwkuêgj |éomêxo 7<:5#}õo oé|éoh}gh j nkwoê}kvêu$)J uh`ã}ué`h} j wéuvheunhuvźwŚ ghuvhwhoé#uh akvvj$ J AEE j \iwhooi Bhho|xwh wéuvheu#nhuvźwŚ#eujoêmk} bkw`jocjvvj$ Cidmhdbé#


x

Rkork 90<< Ux|hwikw éu x}ju}hwh

mihuhoMW

HoŚuvòw êooã}k}}jn ni j gxuvbhuv}irêokd$ J cj#`xnj} njcikd# éu gxuvjonj}wéuv wjn}êwk#võnéd} aiwmh}Ś }êwujuê` dhréahv céo}õjd}ògg cid} :: <<< nÿoòdgòvŚ jonj}wéuv} }êwkojv hxwõ|ji yêw}õn êo}jo hoŚêooã}k}} fêwcźrhn#ahv$ Wjn}êwnéuvoh}ÿnh} jv ÿ`ybhohin i`édyhi#dhn bi`yhohcghré}hoérho jojnã}fên éu bhfohuv#}in$ ]hofhu nòwź jonj}wéuvhooê}êu} giv}kuã}jdjn

Irhek/ CJD/ Chwehmhu#Ghdv/ MJB/ Rkork/ Wh#djxo}/ Uejdij/ Iwiugxu/ Dhk|ojd éu Uh}wj aj#uvkd`é|fêwcźrhnahv/ iooh}rh gxuvknakv/}krêggê G\P éu UJB |õ}nkeui}hd`hoyhnahv/rjojcid} uioõ# éu }jw}êoybhoé|ã}cédyhnahv$J mihuhoMW nòvho né} ér}ivhmh !fòrŚwh ohuv#dhn 7< érhuhn) bkòjonkvin nòvö}i ajuvkd#`é|fêwcź# éu |õ}nkeuijonj}wéuv bkw`jocj#vêuêrjo$ :995#gjd Gxmj|hu}hd/ 7<<<#ghdH`hwghd/ 7<<9#}Śo Ciunkoekd rjddjn }hoh|#ahoyhn$ Niohde êwxuvêooã}õ fêwcźrho whdmho#nhvdhn/ =< cxdnj}êwu `kdmkunkmin jwwõo/ak`y j akvvêfxn bkwmxoõ ÿ`ybhohn hoé`h#mh}}hd }êrkvvjdjn$J eé`}òw}édh}ahv }jw}kvin/ ak`y 7<<2 fjdx#êwfê}õo j uioõ# éu }jw}êoyjx}õ#uvhwhorédyhnh}bkw`jocjvõ Pjo}hw @kdmwkc @cgA airj#}joku cj`yjwkwuvêì né|riuhoŚi$ Jddjn éw#mhnéghd/ cé` réoh}ohdÿo uh bkwmxoajuukdhoŚ/ ak`y j dêoxn éwmhnoŚmŚnh} dh }xmfên niuvko`êodi/ hvéw} nigŚrã}h}}én j ghuvêooã}õi

J AÊ]]ÉWI\JW NIÊOOÃ]ÊUJ




kojfnòm#ohrêojuv}êu/ hdhw`h}inji éu rh`y#i|jwi bkoyjcj}uvźwéu$)J }êwujuê` bkòjonkvin x}õoj`kujd ghé|ã}#ah}Ś wéuvheunhuvźwŚ ghwhdmhvéuhnnho iu$ JAX@ Bio}hwuyu}hcu ― j urêfei AX@ euk|kw}}j`fjnéd} ― h`yinh j oh`fhohd}Śuhgg ni|x#

bk`õ`êv#x}õnhvhoŚ whdmuvhwhnh} bhfohuv}Śéu `yêw}õ eé`hndhn/ dh`yhm éruvêvjmku}j|juv}joj}ê} bhoajuvdêorj néuvã} mãvho#wé#uvheunhuvźwŚnh} éu nj}joivê}kwknj}$Jv ICHQ Bio}hw}headinj Nb}$ j ckgieohjd¤`kdmkvêuchd}hu wéuvheunhuvźwŚ ghwhdmh#véuhn uh`ã}ué`érho jv jx}õgxuvkn |hwuvheujn j nkwkcnigkeuê}êu} }hnid}rh !*) }hofh#uã}in jv Hxwk R#òu dkwcê} !bÿ``h}ohdÿo jvHxwk#ghukwkoêu}õo)$ J wéuvheunhuvźwŚ gh#é|ã}éuh h`yuvhwź/ dhc euònnhd}i j }hofh#uã}cédy}/ dhc dòrhoi j bk`yjuv}êu} uhc/ j}headkoõìj `kdmkvêuchd}hu/ jv hoohdŚw#véu Myd}hu} jmj}wò`vã}Ś whdmuvhw huh}édbkoyjcj}ku$ J nijojnã}êu fêwcźu|heibinxu/j céwh}}jw}kcêdy uvéohu6 :<<#}õo 28< nP#i`$ J }êwujuê` |jw}dhwh hgghd j }écêgjd jDkrj#Gxuv Nb}$

Jmiq#]wjmh Nb}$

Mhgwhehdi nòv|kd}}jo :995#gjd jojnxo}jn/hv imŚ joj}} j ajvji cźuvjni/ njwgjd}jw}êui|ije fhohd}Śu uvhwh|oŚféré rêo}jn$ I|jwrêo#ojoj}kn/ `yêw}õh`yué`hn/ rêoojoj}kn u}jgio/

ch`gãvaj}õ njwgjd}jw}êui éu uh`émjdyj`#hooê}êu} dyöf}õ |jw}dhwhi$ J eé` aêwkc kw#uvê`gjd òuuvhuhd :2 h`yué``ho cźnòmin/akvvêfêwxorj hvvho/ ak`y j uvÿnué`hu êwx#akv `ykwujd éu ohah}Śoh` ahoyghd akvvêohahuuhd béwdi$ J }êwujuê` né|riuhoŚfh j ri#oê`riuvkdyoj}gjd iu hoiuchw} eé`hndhn/ }hw#cénhndhn/ ã`y jv IDJ#BJ@ euj|ê`yjndjn/Ekd}idhd}jo uvãfjndjn/ Whdkom oêdekndjn/NU#]KKOU uvhwuvêckndjn/ Oke}i}h ]hwkukdrh`yi jdyj`kndjn/ jv X#\kphw rémŚei|Śn#dhn$Dhceujn j }hwcénhn uvéohu rêojuv}énê} nã#dêofên/ ajdhc rêoojofên u|heiêoiu }ã|xukn wjn}êwkvêuê}/ niahoyhvh}} néuvoh} giv}kuã#}êuê}• Jv hoŚwh ch`whdmho} êwx} 7= õwêdghoÿo niuvêooã}fên/ ohah} whdmhodi phgêwxaê#vkd nhwhuv}ÿo/ aé}ré`éd iu ÿ`yhoh}h} }jw}j#djn/ ak`y dh oh`yhd uvÿdh} j uvko`êo}j}êu#gjd$ ßvoh}hin rjddjn Gxmj|hu}hd/ Mhgwh#ehdghd/ Ciunkoekd/ Dyãwh`yaêvêd/ ]iuvjöf#rêwkugjd$

Rjwihdu Nb}$

Jv :99:#ghd Uko}rjmnhw}hd joj|ã}k}} Rjwi#hdu Nb}$ hohid}h jonj}wéuvhn niunhwhunhmho#cérho bkòjonkvk}}/ bkoyjcj}kujd bhfoŚm}hn/:999#ghd jojnxo} ni j fhohdohì eéùvhwnh#vh}/ jvjv j Ajuvkdfêwcź/ j Gxuv éu j Né|ri#

uhoh}i ÿvoh}ê`$ ]ògg cid} :< <<< }hwcénh}bk`jocjvdjn/ éu dhc cjwjmdjn ho jv haahvnj|eukoõmõ uvko`êo}j}êukn uhc$ Aj j Gxuvÿvoh}ê`j} }hnid}fÿn/ dideu koyjd h`yué`h/ jo#nj}wéuvh j uvhcéoyuvêooã}õ huvnòvòndhn/ oh#`yhd jv ck}kw éu chàjf}êu/ bén/ nkwcêdy/bhobÿ``huv}éu/ ÿvhcjdyj`/ aź}Ś#bź}Ś whdm#uvhwhn/ ni|xbk`õwhdmuvhw/ nhwénhohchn rj`y }jw}kvénkn/ nih`éuvã}Śn/ jchoyhn#nho dh }xmdêdjn uvko`êodi$ 7<:: huhcédyh6ak`y j Rjwihdu ch`rêuêwko}j jv Id}hwhq ’9:Nb}$ :<< uvêvjoénku }xojfmkdwéuvé}$ !J }êwuj#uê` }hrénhdyué`h j uhghuué`rêo}õ# éu mibbh#whdeiêocź#jonj}wéuvhn bkw`jocjvêuj$) Cé`hddéo iu bwiuuhgg aãw/ j }êwujuê` iméd ê|wioiuhohfé}Śo ch`nhvm}h j Akwdh} ck}kwkojfeuj#oêm bkw`jocjvêuê}$

Ekko=X Nb}$

J dhrÿngŚo dhc dhaév ni}joêodi bŚ }hrénhdy#ué`hin h`yiné}$ J }êwujuê` j Mho|ai#Mijrijnoãcênj} bkw`jocjvvj/ jchoyhn cidi# éu ci#migxuvknwj néuvÿodhn$ J Ujd}jbh/ j Uciwdh

éu j Ujd}jdj noãcên cjqicxc 58 uvhcéoyghbk`jmõné|huué`ź gxuvknwj jonjocjujn$Mho|ai#Mijrij :90< õ}j }hwrhv/ `yêw} éu éw}é#nhuã} noãcjwhdmuvhwhnh}$ Nkc|oh}} }hwcén#rêojuv}énk} éu j }hwcénhnahv nj|eukoõmõ#}jw}kvõ uvko`êo}j}êuknj} nãdêo$ Rêoojofj ÿ`y#béowh uvjgk}} noãcjwhdmuvhwhn }hwrhvéué}/ ju|heiêoiu i`édyhn}Śo uhc wh}}hddhn riuuvj$

\whu}kwh Axd`jwy Nb}$

Öf éu ö`y rhah}fÿn wéì niêooã}õn iu h`yghd$Ö f hvhd j dérhd/ nkwêggjd j \iw}k#Rioo Nb}$jvkdgjd whdmuvhwhu wéuv}rhrŚfh rko} jgxuvbhuv}irêokndjn$ J \whu}kwh Axd`jwyeé` bŚ }hrénhdyué`h j \whu}koi}h hohe}wie id#mã}õck}kwknnjo éu `hdhwê}kwknnjo nj|euk#oj}ku$ Hv j rêoojoj} h`éuv rioê`wj ni}hwfhmŚ`yêw}õ/ h`yégnéd} jd`ko―jchwinji `yêw}êu#nòv|kd}knnjo$ ]ògg hxwõ|ji fêwcź`yêw}õ fêwcźrhighd ch`}joêoaj}õ houŚ ghé|ã}éuhunéuvÿoénnéd}$ J \whu}kwh Axd`jwy Nb}$ dhc#eujn j }hwcénhn éw}énhuã}éué} }hnid}i bhojmj#}êdjn/ ajdhc j uvjnuvhwź uvhwrivuvko`êo}j#}êu hooê}êuê} iu$

J \whu}koi}h }hwcénhn chooh}} j \iw}õgjdcźnòmŚ }êwujuê` }hrénhdyué`hi nòvò}} uvh#wh|ho cé` j Akwdh} Hohe}wie }hwcénhn/ aj#uvkd`é|fêwcźrhnahv öf éu bhoöfã}k}} idmã}õ#ck}kwkn/ `hdhwê}kwkn éu h`yég jx}õriooj#ckuuêì jonj}wéuvhn nhmrhvŚ êw+éw}én jwê#dyö éw}énhuã}éuh$


Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 ▿ Fö di xu i ak wi vk d}7<

x



wêo} jnnxcxoê}kwkndjn nòuvòdah}Śhd hoh#chnwh uideu uvÿnué`$)Jv éwid}Śné|hwdyŚd 79 dyhorhd fhohdã}ah}Śch` j chdÿ$ Öf imŚvã}Ś bxdneiõ hcoénhv}h}j oh}òo}éuhn huhménhuué`éwh$ GŚrÿo} j néuvÿ#oén chcõwiêfj iu/ cêw 2<<< mjwjg dh`yhm#érhu oh}òo}éu h`yimhfź }êwkoêuêwj né|hu$J MON\wk Mkpdokjm Nhy ajwckdivêo j ]IU#Phg/ iooh}rh j ]IU#Kbbieh jweairêoõ éu niéw}é#nhoŚ uvkb}rhwhnnho/ hvéw} bok}}jbhoajuvdêoêu#wj jfêdok}}$ J néuvÿoén chcõwiêfêdjn gŚrã}#ah}Śué`h h`y néuvÿoéngh id}h`wêo} UM#nêw#}yj#korjuõrjo giv}kuã}k}}$

J 9$ Gxuv bhuv} irêo ghuvê ckoõfê }

éu né|hi} \j|| Hwvuégh} néuvã}h}}h

]wjdujx}kcj} Nb}$

Hvö}}jo dhc akv}jn RMO jx}õgxuvknj}j bhuv}irêowj hooê}k`j}õndjn$ J }êwujuê`jvkdgjd nòv}xmk}}jd j Ekd}idhd}jo#RMK}jeak`wêbkn né|riuhoh}h/ uvjnéw}Śfh iu$ Jbhuv}irêokd j }krêggbhfohuv}h}} jmj}oh}òo}Śnxoeuk}/ j MON\wõ} cx}j}}ên gh$Jv öf néuvÿoén 56:#ghd nãdêo éwid}Śné|#hwdyŚ}/ ucjw}nêw}yjkorjuõ} éu jmj}nòvoŚuvkb}rhw}$ J MON\wõ} 2 érh iuchwah}in j bho#ajuvdêoõn/ hv imŚ joj}} jv h`yuvhwź chck#wy u}iengŚo uvêcã}õ`é||é bhfoŚmò}}$ Jv öf oh#}òo}Śhuvnòv uvkb}rhwh éu ajwmrhwh cidmhdjmj}nhvhoéui bxdneiõ} h`y néuvÿoéngh uźwã}/éu uvÿnué`}hohddé }huvi j nÿouŚ nêw}yjohko#rjuõ ghwhdmhvéuhn ajuvdêoj}ê}$ !Jv id}h`#

Fö di xu i ak wi vk d} ▿ Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 7:


Né|òuuvhêooã}êuxdn j aê}}éwi|jw }krêggi niêooã}õiwõo

:$ Jv Jx}õÿrh` Ehd}wxc aj}êuku whnoêcjx}õfj bk`jm}j j bhuv}irêowj oê}k`j}õnj}$ Chooh}}h j \ionid`}kd Nb}$ gh cx}j}k}} uvéorémŚ riuvkd} }hofhu

giv}kduê`gjd rko}

7$ J ciunkoe i GŚué` ]wjmh Nb} $ jonj}wéuv# éw}énh uã}éuuho :998 õ}j uh`ã} ckv `êugjd }jw }jdi j fêwcźrhn h}/ j ohd` éueuiooj |ã}õ}õo j n x|oxd`j onj}wéu vhni`/

j cźjdyj` njwkuuvéwijhohchnhd ê} j mãuv}êweuêi` cidmhd ch`}joêoaj}õ dêoxn

5$ J Mwju|õ ]hc|k jx}õgxuv#/ ajuvkd`é|fêwcź#jonj}wéuvhn bhoöfã}êuêrjo/ nhwhunhmhocérho bkòjonkvin/ hvhd ghoÿo ci cidmhddho/ jv joi` béw} j ckoidõwj

=$ J uvénhubhaéwrêwi Kcdhq Nb}$ huh}éghd iu dhaév bhoukwkodi }hrénhdyué`hinh}$ J ujfê} }hwcénhinhd nãrÿo noãcjwhdmuvhwhnh}/ bź}Śnéuvÿoénhnh}/ x}ju#}êfénkv}j}õ whdmuvhwhnh}/ |õ}jonj}wéuvhnh} bkw`jocjvdjn/ bź}éuwhdmuvhwhnh} fjrã}jdjn/ uvhwrivuvko`êo}j}êuxn iu rjd$ H`yégnéd} éwmhchu wêfxn ajoo`j}di/

ciuvhwid} néwdi nhoo jfêdoj}xnj}

8$ Jv Jx}kmho}j \wkfhn} Nb}$ j Nkdrhn}j gxuvnoãcên éw}énhuã}Śfh/ jonj}wéuv#nhwhunhmŚfh/ uvhwrivh dhc aj`ydj ni h`y gxuvbhuv}irêo} uhc

2$ J Bohh}`xjwm Nb}$ h`yh}ohd jonjocj} uhc uvjojuv} ho/ jako rjd ohah}Śué` bhoaãrdi j bi`yhoch} j fõ cidŚué`ź uvźwŚn ajuvdêoj}êwj$ J }êwujuê` hchooh}}

bkòjonkvin cé` nhdŚjdyj`kn éu jnnxcxoê}kwkn bkw`jocjvêuêrjo

: 7

5

=

8 2


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2012-06-camion-truck-bus-magazin 24/84GXUVBHUV]IRÊO ― ]ÒNÒO 7<:7


Né|òuuvhêooã}êuxdn j aê}}éwi|jw }krêggi niêooã}õiwõo

:$ HoŚuvòw fò}} ho j gxuvbhuv}irêowj jv —j }jnêeu Nb}$– J eé` j Eahckuko }hwcénhn bkw`jocjvõfj/ mh aãwhuué j wx`õiwõo oh}}$ J eé` ]ònòoòd niêooã}õ rko}/ mh födixuhohféd Śn ohuvdhn j rhdméòê}õn jv êo}joxn uvhwrhvh}} dyão} dj|kd/ fêwcźniêooã}êukd

7$ J \wk}wxen N b}$ jv éwm hnoŚm Śnh} hoh `êdu ghcx }j}õnjcikdg jd rêw}j/ jc hoyghd rê o}õn/ iuch w}h}Śn uh `ã}h}}é n h bkd}ku bŚ mjwjg cźnòm éuédhn ch `éw}é ué} 5$ Kwkuaêvêwõo éwnhvin cidmhd érghd j bhuv}irêowj j WŚbòu }hq}io/ choy eé` jx}õ#nêw|i}jdyj`knj} nãdêo ajvji éu ic|kw} bkwwêugõo/ dkwcêo rj`y uvhddy}juvã}õéu é`éunéuoho}h}h}} niri}hoghd ― éu dhc x}kouõukwgjd cidŚuéì }jdöuã}rêddyjo =$ J Oighwj}xu Nb}$ uknbéoh }hrénhdyué`édhn h`yinh jv Id}j| ÿoéuhn bkw`jocjvêuj$ J Ajfmö Rkoêd gxuvêgjd |hmi` jv rko} ch`}j|juv}joaj}õ/ ci} fhohd} jOoxcjw bõoij jonjocjvêuj/ jchoy j dj|hdhwìj riuuvjrhwéuérho }huvi nhoohchuhggé éu koeuõggê jv x}jvêu} 8$ J Gik}hn wò`vã}éu}headinj j Oib}oidh êvwx`õnj}/ j Rjwioken wò`vã}ah}Ś êvwx`õnj}/ j Ukb}oidh ohd`éueuiooj|ã}õnj} jfêdok}}j j bhuv}irêooê}k`j}õn bi`yhocégh/dhc nhréugé j Dkwm#Oken eujrjwgiv}kuã}êui whdmuvhw} 2$ J GXUV I$ Nb}$ jv jx}õgxuvkn éu jonj}wéuvhidhn u|heijoiu}êfj éu jv IUWI ÿoéuwhdmuvhwhn cêwnjuvhwrivh iu h`yö}}jo 0$ Jnêw jv} iu ckdmaj}fxn/ Cj`yjwkwuvê` uhghuué`rêo}õ#dj`yaj}jokc$ J uvhd}`k}}aêwmi yêwgjd néuvÿoŚ jx}kcj}j uhghuué`rêo}õn né|riuhoh}éghd jv Jooiukdh`y ckmhooféd j rêo}õ cźnòméué} ohah}h}} joj|kujd }jdxocêdykvdi 1$ Jv Jxu}wk|jddkd Nb}$#wŚo cidmhd uvjncjghoi }xmfj/ jv Hghwu|íeahw ohrh`Śu éu rivhu bź}Śnéuvÿoénhn rhvéwné|riuhoh}h$ Mh Śn uhc h`y oêgkd êoodjn/ hggh dnòvwhfê}uvk}} j déch} jdyjeé`/ jchoy ch`rêuêwko}j j Uÿ}wjn eé`h}/ ã`y jv Jxu}wk|jddkd |joh}}êfj iu gŚrÿo} j Uÿ}wjn gxuvnoãcênnjo$ J gxuvnoãcj j eé` êo}jo bkw`jocjvk}} Ucjw}Pjuahw gikoõìji jonj}wéuvckuõ ghwhdmhvéu/ jv Idmhoo G êo}jo yêw}k}} Uohh|id` Phoo êooõahoyvh}i noãcjghwhdmhvéu éu jv Kock bÿonhaź}Śchooh}} uvhwh|ho j }êwujuê` nãdêoj}êgjd9$ Jv Jwcjbio} Nb }$ Cj`yjwkwuvê` oh`wé`hggi uvźwŚ`yêw}õfj/ }ògg cid} 2< érhu cöo}}jo/ }j|juv}joj}}jo whdmhonhvin$ ßvhcjdyj`/ ohrh`Ś/ x}ju}éwi ohrh`Ś/kojfuvźwŚnh} jfêdojdjn/ }ògg cid} :0<<#béoé}$ J yêw}cêdykn 1< uvêvjoénê} ghobòomòd éw }énhuã}in

: 7

= 8 2

1

90

5





EB jonjocjvêukn

J EB#uvéwij }j`fji i`hd uknkomjoöjd jonjo#cjvaj}õn/ j oh`nÿoòdbéoégg bxrjwbhojmj#}knakv !é|ã}Śi|jw/ chvŚ`jvmjuê`/ êwxho#kuv}õ/ `é|uvêooã}êu/ u cé` akuuvjd ukwkoaj}#dêdn)/ mh oh`bŚggné||hd ghobòomi riuvkdy#oj}gjd/ wòrim# éu akuuvö }êrkd h`yjwêd}$ Jeinnghd uvhwh|oŚ/ EB18#òu dyhw`hu uvid}édeujn |éomj j uvêc}jojd ohah}Śué` nòvÿo$J bÿonh cò`ò}}i mjwxrjo uvhwho} dyhw`hurkd}j}õn dêoxdn ckdmaj}di wi}njuê` uvêc#gj chddhn/ hoohd}é}ghd }ògg dyx`j}#hxwõ#|ji kwuvê``jo/ jako oédyh`huhd }ògg bx} gh#oŚoÿn/ bŚoh` jv é|ã}Śi|jwgjd éu hwmŚ`jvmj#uê`gjd/ cêwnê}õo bÿ``h}ohdÿo$J EB18#òuòn nhwénné|oh}}Śo bÿ``h}ohdÿo/ rê#ojuv}aj}õn dj||joi#/ aêoõahoyhu# rj`y j U|jehEjg bÿonérho/ 5/78> 5/2 éu 5/1 cé}hwhu }hd`hoy#}êrrjo$ HwŚbkwwêunéd} j :7/9 oi}hwhu/ \JEEJWCQ ck}kwkn uvko`êodjn/ 52<> =:<> =2< éu 8:<oõhwŚu }hofhuã}céddyho/ rjojcid} :008> 7<<<>75<< éu 78<< dhp}kdcé}hwhu dykcj}énnjoéu Hxwk R rj`y HHR ghukwkoêuujo$Jv hwŚê}ri}ho} uvéwiêgjd :7 bknkvj}ö/ jx}k#cj}ivêo} rêo}õrjo/ k|eiõgjd :2 bknkvj}ö/ névinj|eukoêuörjo !cidmnh}}Ś VB)/ hvhd ghoÿo mi#

whn} rj`y `ykwuã}õ ré`ê}}é}hooho$ J }jw}õubén CQ ck}kwbén VB Id}jwmhw rj`y j nh}}Ś nkc#gidêeiõfj ohah}$

EB18 B] mjwxrjo

Jv —B]– fhoòoéu cêw òdcj`êgjd jwwj x}jo/ak`y h`y =q7#hu dyhw`hu rkd}j}õwõo rjduvõ/ }ã|xuuvêc}õo rj`y j uvéwiê}õo bÿ``h}oh#dÿo$ Fhohd huh}ghd j ohàkuuvjgg/ 5/1 cé#}hwhu }hd`hoy}êrrjo/ né}uvhcéoyhu dj||joibÿonérho/ =:< oõhwŚu ck}kwwjo/ CQ ck}kwbén#nho éu :2 bknkvj}ö/ névi rêo}õcźrho néuvÿo}j rkd}j}õ$ J fêwcź }hofhu cj`juuê`j/ j mjwxjoj|ahoyvh}éghd 5/2= cé}hw/ oh`dj`ykgguvéohuué` 7/88 cé}hw$Jv houŚ bx}õcź/ j oh`hwŚuhgg/ 9 }kddj }h#ahwgãwêuö/ 5 }j`ku wx`õnò}h``ho/ j aê}uõ#}hd`hoy cźuvjnioj` :5 }kddj }hahwgãwêuö/ =oé`wx`õrjo/ uvid}êooã}êuujo$ J rkd}j}õ cźuvj#nioj` ch`hd`hmh}} òuuv}òch`h 7< }kddj/ j}hofhu uvhwhorédyé =< }kddj$

Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 ▿ Fê wc ź éu bh oé |ã }c éd y7=

:―7$ MJB EB 18 B] mjwxrjo/ 5/1 cé}hwhu}hd`hoy}êrrjo 5$ J 9 }kddêu houŚ bhobÿ``huv}éu

Dj`y}hahwghcx}j}õ

AJVJI MJB NßOÒDOH@HUUÉ@HNMjwxu#dyhw`huhn j }êrrhvh}én#é|ã}éughd

Jv h`yin ajvji hohn }wkcku uvko`êo}j}õ eé`déo êoo} cxdnêgj né} h`ybkwcj dyhw`hu

rkd}j}õ/ jvkdku mjwxrjo éu béo|õ}nkeuirjo/ jchoyhn jv öf hohn}wkcku }êrrhvh}énhn

é|ã}éuéghd éu j wéìhn whnkdu}wxneiõfêgjd rhuvdhn wéuv}/ hvhd ghoÿo iu bŚoh` jnòvö}i uvêooã}êu bkoyjcj}êgjd$

5

:

7

J u|heibinêeiõ honéuvã}éuhnkw/ j rkd}j}õ ch#dh}néuv òduöoyj j —uvjgrêdyku– é|nkeuirh#vh}Śrho !08 n`) uvêckorj :5 098 niok`wjccoh}}/ hggŚo 1<== niok`wjcc fx} jv houŚ }hd#`hoywh éu 808: niok`wjcc j aê}uõ }hd`hoywh$J ajuvdku dyhwh`}hwahoéu 8155 niok`wjccohah}/ mh né} }hd`hoyhd hddyi j ohah}Śué`/aiuvhd j mjwx òdcj`êgjd/ uh`émrêv déo#nÿo iu =:78 niok`wjcck} dykc$ J mjwx/ Bjuui52<MQ\$7= }ã|xuö/ 57/17 }kddjcé}hw hch#oéui nj|jei}êuujo$

Nkdu}wxneiõ éu uvhc|kd}kn

J mjwx/ j }êc}jo|jn éu j dyhwhùvhwnhvh}h`y nòvòu uh`émrêvwj nhwÿo}/ j }êc}jo|jn#akv rhvh}Ś aimwjxoinjrhvh}énnho h`yÿ}}$Hddhn eéofj/ j }hwahoéu h`yhdoh}hu hokuv}êujjv jorêvkd/ rjojcid} j rhvh}énhn h`yuvhwźhoahoyhvéuh/ uvÿnué` huh}éd nòddyhd akv#vêbéwah}Śn$ J nhooŚ u}jgioi}êu éu j aê}uõ }êc#}jo|jn cidicêoiu ghé|ã}éui ahoyi`édy cij}}/j uh`émrêv :571 ciooicé}hwhu aê}uõ }öodyö#oêuujo whdmhonhvin/ j dkwcêo jorêv 99< cio#oicé}hwéahv né|hu}$ Ã`y j }hofhu akuuv/ jvjoj| 2:0< ciooicé}hwwŚo/ 28<1 ciooicé}hw#wh dòrhnhmh}}$ J dj||joi bÿonh cò`ò}} =/=cé}hwhu uvjgjm jorêvakuuv rjd/ jvkdgjd j fêwcź nijojn ã}êuêdêo }òggbéoh uvhc|kd}k}iu bi`yhohcgh nhooh}} rhddi6 cid} |éomêxo jbÿonh gioohd}éuéahv uvÿnué`hu cidicêoiu 7:<



ciooicé}hw uvjgjm }êrkouê`/

j mjwx uvêooã}êui+chdh} ahoy#

vh}éghd ::<< ciooicé}hw akuv#

uvjd}i ahoyi`éddyho whdmho#

nhvin$ ]krêggê/ j béo|õ}nkeui

akcoknbjoêdjn giv}kduê`ku

hobkwmxoêui ux`jwj cij}}/ rj#

ojcid} j uh`émrêv aê}uõ }öo#

dyöoêuj éu j béo|õ}nkeui }êc#

}jo|ji nòv}i/ njdyjwkmêu nòv#

ghdi cidicêoiu }êrkouê`k} iu

bi`yhohcgh rérh/ j dyhwh`#

uvhwnhvh} |kd}kujd j aê}uõ

}hd`hoy bòoé nhwÿo} hoahoyh#

véuwh$ Hvhn h`yÿ}}huhd hwhm#

cédyhv}én/ ak`y j béo|õ}nk#

eui niwêoyeuj|fêdjn ghé|ã}éué} uvid}éd cõ#

mkuã}jdi nhooh}}/ hoŚwégg nhwÿo}$

Cirho j ch`whdmhoŚ wj`juvnkmk}} j |õ}#

nhwénahv/ hvéw} j aimwjxoinj}jw}êoydjn cêw

eujn j mjwxrêv gjo komjoêd cjwjm hoahoyh#

véui ohah}Śué`$

Nòrh}nhvvhd déaêdy uvõ j rhvh}ŚbÿonéwŚo

iu$ Dhceujn j cêw jorêvkd ch`nãrêd} ahoy#

i`édy/ mh j wòrimhgg }êrö ghobòomi bxrjwkn

éu j akuuvjgg mjwxvêui cxdnên cij}} huh}}

j ch`whdmhoŚ rêojuv}êuj j né}uvhcéoyhu

dj||joi bÿonéwh !nhréu rhvh}éui imŚ h`yax#

vjcgjd)$ H}}Śo bÿ``h}ohdÿo nj}h`õwiêfêgjd

}ê`ju/ dhc knkv `kdmk} jv ÿoéughêooã}êu$

Jv x}juÿoéu dhc wx`õvk}}/ mh ghouŚ komj#

oêd njw}êcjuv} iu nj|k}}$ J ck}kwjoj`ö}kd

|jojen}jw}õu/ bhmhohu }êwkoõwhnhuv nj|k}}

ahoyh}/ jci juv}jonéd} iu nirêoõ/ oh`yhd uvõ

dyhw`huwŚo/ êwx}hwã}Ś rj`y gioohdeuhu niri}ho#

wŚo$ Jci nÿoòd néwéu rko}/ j 5 mjwjg uvirjw#

`yöf}õu euj}ojnkvõ nié|ã}éuh/ }hohbkdniajd#

`kuã}õ/ djri`êeiõ éu huh}oh` oj|}k| êwjcho#

oê}êuakv$

Béo|õ}nkeui

J béo|õ}nkeui hvö}}jo h`y Nò`ho U 7= }ã|x#

uö/ joxcãdixc komjobjoju/ dyi}k}} wjnbhoÿoh}#

}ho éu ö`ydhrhvh}} }hnhweuê`yju nijojnã}êu#

ujo/ jci fhohd huh}ghd j nêghomkgkn uvêooã#

}êuê} airj}k}} nòddyhggé/ giv}kduê`kujggê

}hddi/ mh cid} hcoã}h}}ÿn/ rioojcku }êrrhvh#

}énkuvok|kn éu kuvok|hohchn uvid}éd wjnk#

cêdyji ohuvdhn$

J béo|õ} }hofhu akuuvj :5/98 cé}hw/ hggŚo j

wjnbhoÿoh} :5/10 cé}hw/ j }hofhu uvéohuué` 7/88

cé}hw$ J bhoajuvdêoõ êo}jo néw} niri}ho òduö#

oyj 8/5 }kddj/ j cźuvjnioj` ch`hd`hmh}}

òuuv}òch` 58 }kddj$ J }hd`hoyhn 1 }kddj

}hahwgãwêuöjn/ dykc}êrfxn 7<=< ciooicé}hw/

j }hd`hoy}êrkn :5:< ciooicé}hwhuhn$

Jo}hwdj}ãr `kdmkoj}

J einn ãwêuj nòvghd ― bŚoh` j uvêcknj}

uvhcoéorh ― bhochwÿo j `kdmkoj}/ rjfkd dhc

rkodj éuuvhwźgg h`y B]W fhoź/ jvjv/ 2q7#hu/

uvõoõ jgwkdeukvêuujo uvhwho}/ aê}uõ uh`ém#

}hd`hoyhu rkd}j}õ} rêuêwkodi/ jchoydéo j

dj||joi bÿonh cò`ò}} 8/: cé}hwhu/ mh cé`

aêoõbÿonh huh}éd iu =/20 cé}hw uvjgjm jorêv#

akuuv cjwjm éu j }hd`hoy}hwahoéuhn éu dyh#

wh`}hwahoéu uhc knkvk}} rkodj bhf}òwéu};

I`jv/ rjojcirho mwê`êgg j rkd}j}õ éu dj|#

|joi bÿonérho iu 0=< niok`wjccjo dhahvhgg/

mh h`y 7#}hd`hoyhu béo|õ}nkeuirjo hv fhohd#

}Śu céw}énghd/ ö`y 8<<#2<< niok`wjcc nò#

vò}} hoohduöoykvaj}õ* J né}}hd`hoyhu béo|õ}

}hahwgãwêuj uhc nhrhuhgg/ eujn nieui} fkg#

gjd nhoo bi`yhodi j }hwahoéuhokuv}êuwj/ mh j

rkd}j}õ ajf}k}} }hd`hoyh uhc ohuv koyjd

nòddyhd }öo}hwaho}$

U aj cêw bhochwÿo} j }êrrhvh}énkuvok|kn uvêo#

oã}êuj/ uvid}éd |wjn}inxc ohah} h`y joj|ahoy#

vh}ghd dkwcêocéwh}ź/ mh jnêw :9#7< cé}hwi`

iu niaövaj}õ/ }hohuvnõ|ku béo|õ}nkeui ghuvhw#

véuh/ hoòo hchoah}Ś/ aê}xo nkwcêdyvk}} }hd#

`hooyho$ I`jv/ hnnkw oh nhoo ckdmjdxdn j }h#

nhweuê`y ohah}Śué`éwŚo éu mwê`êgg iu rjojci#

rho/ mh bhohf}uÿn ho/ hvhnh} j fêwcźrhnh} oh`#

joêgg 1#:< érwh rêuêwkofên éu j bxrjwuvhwrh#

véu uvhc|kd}fêgõo dj`y hoŚdy ohah}/ aj rjd

h`y ioyhd }jw}joén j fêwcź|jwngjd*

Niuu G$

Fê wc ź éu bh oé |ã }c éd y ▿ Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 78

:―5$ Wòrim

bÿonéghd iu nirêoõ

cxdnjnkcbkw}

=$ J wjnbhoÿoh}/

bhodyi}aj}õ

}hnhweuê``yjo

8$ J aê}uõ

}êc}jo|jn

éu aimwjxoinj

rhvh}énhn

2$ Nò`ho U 7=

béo|õ}nkeui

:

7

5

= 8

2



U}wjoiu OD@ Dj}xwjo \kphw ckmhoo wh#

ìkdêoiu éu kwuvê`ku êwxuvêooã}êui bho#

jmj}knakv/ |éomêxo ÿvhcjdyj`#uvêooã}êu#

akv imhêoiu$

J niêooã}êukd uvhwh|oŚ/ béo|õ}nkeuirjo bho#

uvhwho} né}}hd`hoyhu dyhw`hu rkd}j}õ}/ h`y

55< oõhwŚu Exwukw 1 bòom`êvÿvhcź ck}kw#

wjo/ névi uhghuué`rêo}õrjo/ `yêwioj` ghé|ã#

}h}} id}jwmhwwho éu hohn}wkdinxujd rhvéwho}

bénwhdmuvhwwho !HGU) uvhwho}én bho$ J fêwcź

:1#=< }kddj òuuv`òwmÿoŚ }òch`ź rêo}kvj#

}kngjd éwah}Ś ho$

J bòom`êvÿvhcź fêwcźrhn ajuvdêoj}j dj|#

fjidn gjd dhceujn dj`y }êwujmjoci fhohd#

}Śué``ho gãwõ ghwxaêvêu/ ajdhc `jvmjuê#

ìoj` iu nhmrhvŚ j rêoojoj}kn uvêcêwj$ Jv

OD@#}headkoõìj h`yin oh`bkd}kujgg hoŚ#

dyh/ ak`y oédyh`huhd ch`dòrhoi j fêwcź#

rhn aj}õ}êrkouê`ê}/ jchoy ã`y jnêw j 08<

nc#} iu hoéwah}i$

J ED@#joj|ö !Ekc|whuuhm Dj}xwjo @ju ― uź#

wã}h}} bòom`êv) }headkoõìj giv}kuã}k}}j joj#

eukdyjgg nêwkujdyj`#nigkeuê}êu fhohd}Śu

hoŚdyhi chooh}} jv OD@#ajf}êu j fêwcź ch#

dh}néuv }òch`édhn euònnhd}éué} iu ohah}Ś#

ré }huvi/ jchoy j }hahwgãwêui nj|jei}êu dòrh#

nhméué} hwhmcédyhvi$ Whìkdêoiu êwxuvêooã#

}êuwj rjoõ ajuvdêoj} huh}éd/ érhd}h nòwÿogh#

oÿo =< <<< niokcé}hwhu }êrkouê`kd j gheuoé#

uhn uvhwid} ― jv ÿvhcjdyj`êwjn}õo bÿ``Śhd

Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 ▿ Fê wc ź éu bh oé |ã }c éd y72

J

Euh||bkoyõuã}k}} bòom`êvvjo j }iuv}j ohrh`Śfź x}jnéw} éu rêwkuknéw}

Jv Irhek jv jcu}hwmjci —Ghmwifbujx}k 7<:7– niêooã}êukd cx}j}}j gh öf U}wjoiu OD@ !Oizxhbihm Dj}xwjo @ju ― euh||bkoyõuã}k}}

bòom`êv) Dj}xwjo \kphw ckmhoofé}$ J bòom`êvÿvhcź fêwcź }ònéoh}huhd jonjocju j nòvh|hu }êrö rj`y éfuvjnji êwxuvêooã}êui

bhojmj}knwj/ éu cku}jd}õo h`éuv Hxwõ|êgjd ch`whdmhoah}Ś$

IRHEK

U]WJOIU OD@ DJ]XWJO \KPHW

Dj`y}hahwghcx}j}õ



― jnêw :< <<< hxwõu ch`}jnjwã}êu iu hoéwah}Ś

j aj`ykcêdyku mãvhoÿvhcź fêwcźrhnahv

né|hu}$ Axoojmén`yźf}éui éu öfwjajuvdkuã#

}êui bhojmj}kn huh}éd j ch`}jnjwã}êu érhd}h

jnêw 7< <<< hxwõ iu ohah}$

J bhfohuv}éuhn iwêdyj

—J bòom`êvÿvhcź fêwcźrhn cidmi` iu ni#

hcho} ahoyh} bkòjo}jn ho jv Irhek bhfohuv#

}éuhi nòvò}}$ Rêoojoj}xdn h`yinh jvkd nhréu

`yêw}õndjn/ jchoyhn fõ hoŚwh bhoiuchw}én

j ch}êd jo}hwdj}ãr hdhwìjbkwwêunéd} rjoõ

bhoajuvdêoêuêdjn fhohd}Śué`é}– ― ckdm}j

Johuujdmwk Ckw}joi/ jv Irhek dhaévnj}h`õ#

wiêu fêwcźrhnéw} bhohoŚu johodònh$

J bòom`êvajf}êuö fêwcźrhn é|ã}éuh cêw j

dykoerjdju érhn õ}j houŚggué`h} éorhvh}}

jv Irhek nòwdyhvh}gjwê} ckmhoofhidhn bhf#

ohuv}éuh ukwêd$ J rêoojoj} cêwj j ch}êdÿvh#

cź ajuvkd`é|fêwcźrhn ohùvéohuhgg |j#

oh}}êfê} nãdêofj j |ijekd$ Jv êoojci éu j cj#

`êduvbéwj bok}}êigjd ÿvhchoŚ :: <<< fêwcź#

rérho jv Irhek Hxwõ|êgjd |ijerhvh}Ś j bòom#

`êvÿvhcź fêwcźrhn bhfohuv}éuh éu éw}énhuã#

}éuh }hwéd iu$

J }headkoõìj hoŚdyhi

J ED@#}headkoõìêrjo cźnòmŚ fêwcźrhn

j ch}êd} `êv bkwcêfêgjd/ 7<< gjw dykcêu

joj}} }êwkofên jeéo}jw}êoykngjd$ Jv OD@#fêw#

cźrhn ―:78 ¼E#ku aŚcéwuénoh}ź aź}Ś}jw#

}êoykngjd/ bkoyénkdy ajocjvêooj|k}gjd }ê#

wkofên j euh||bkoyõuã}k}} bòom`êv}/ jchoyh}

h`y aŚeuhwéoŚghd rjoõ choh`ã}éu} nòrh}Ś#

hd `êvdhcź ajocjvêooj|k}gjd jmj`ko j

whdmuvhw j ck}kwdjn$

J ch}êdajf}êuö fêwcźrhn |ijei ohah}Śué#

`hi nÿoòdòuhd jv éohociuvhw# éu i}joi|jw/ jv

ÿvhcjdyj`#uvêooã}êu/ j okìuv}inj }hwéd/ rj#

ojcid} jv éfuvjnji uvêooã}êuujo bkòjonkvõ rêo#

ojoj}kn nòwéghd hwŚuhn/ jchoyhn uvêcêwj j

uvinwj`yöf}êuö ck}kwkn `jwjd}êofên jv joj#

eukdyjgg vjfuvid}h}$ J bòom`êvÿvhcź U}wjoiu

ckmhoohn ê}oj`kujd 5#2 mheighooho ajonjg#

gjn/ cid} jv jvkdku }hofhuã}cédyź mãvhoÿvh#

cź fêwcźrhn$ Jv x}õggi imŚghd fhohd}Śu

hxwõ|ji rêuêwoõn }huv}ho}én h fêwcźrhnh}$

J |kvi}ãr hwhmcédyhn jv} givkdyã}fên/ ak`y

j `êvÿvhcź fêwcźrhn }ògg cêu }hwÿoh}hd/

uvêcku nÿoòdbéoh uvêooã}êui bhojmj}wj bho#

ajuvdêoaj}õn$

Nkdu}wxneiõu ch`komêukn

Jv OD@#ckmhoohn j dyhw`hu rkd}j}õn ch`#

fhohdéuh x}êd ajcjwkujd 7 éu 5 }hd`hoyhu

}hahwjx}õ rêo}kvj}gjd iu nj|aj}õn ohuvdhn$

J :2 uhghuué`hu névi uhghuué`rêo}õrjo éu

aimwjxoinxu wh}jwmhwwho bhouvhwho} fêwcźrhn

rêwkui éu rêwkukd nãrÿoi ajuvdêoj}wj iu jonjo#

cjujn$ J fêwcźrhn aimwkmidjcinxu dykcj#

}énrêo}õrjo éu ghé|ã}h}} wh}jwmhwwho whdmho#

nhvŚ/ 2 uhghuué`hu jx}kcj}inxu uhghuué`#

rêo}õrjo iu whdmhoah}Śn$ J bòom`êvÿvhcź

Exwukw 1 ck}kw ch`bhoho j 7<:=#ghd aj}êoy#

gj oé|Ś Hxwk RI nigk#

euê}êui dkwcj aj}êwéw#

}énhidhn$

J bòom`êvÿvhcź Irhek

ajuvkd`é|fêwcźrhn

cêw né|huhn j gik#

ch}êd ajuvdêoj}êwj/

jchoy j oh`fkgg hwhm#

cédyhnnho whdmhonh#

vŚ ch`öfxoõ hdhwìj#

bkwwêukn nòvé }jw}kvin

j EK7#nigkeuê}êu euòn#

nhd}éuh }hwéd$

A$ D$




J —òkgêock}kw –

Rjoõfêgjd h`y éwmhnhu nkdu}wxneiõwõo rjd

uvõ/ choydhn goknnfj j cêw nòviuchw} éu

Hxwk RI#ku niri}hodéo iu uvhwh|oŚ/ ME:5#ju

goknnkd joj|xo$ Jv ÿvhcjdyj`#hooê}õ whdm#

uvhw jvkdgjd }hofhu h`éuvéghd j ME:7#hué#

rho jvkdku/ jvjv ahd`hwhdnéd}i ghbheunhd#

mhvéuuho whdmhonhvin/ cjqicxc 7:<< gjw

euöeudykcêuujo$ J }xwgõbho}òo}Ś biq `hk#

ch}wiêu/ dideu ni|xbk`õ`êv#riuuvjrhvh#

}éu/ eujn }òo}Śohrh`Ś#aź}éu$ J ni|xbk`õ`êv

x}êdnhvhoéuh JmGoxh#rjo éu UEW#who }òw}édin/

jchoy dhceujn jv Hxwk R#òu/ mh cé` jv HHR

uvid}dhn iu né|hu òdcj`êgjd hoh`h} }hddi/

cé` wéuvheunhuvźwŚ !M\B) déonÿo iu$ Hv} oê}#

aj}}xn j @ =7<#ju }huv}ÿdn jonjocêrjo$ Hvhn

j ck}kwkn 52<> =<<> ==< éu =1< oõhwŚu }ho#

fhuã}céddyho/ rjojcid} :18<> 7:<<> 75<< éu

7=<< dhp}kdcé}hwhu bkw`j}õdykcj}én#

njo nhwÿodhn bkw`jokcgj$ J nêwkujdyj`#ni#

gkeuê}êui uvid} |ije}õo éu i`édy}Śo bÿ``Śhd

Hxwk III/ Hxwk IR/ Hxwk R éu HHR ohah}$

Jv jonjocjvaj}õuê` h`yjwêd} ohah}ué`hu

}êrkouêì#/ ghobòomi#/ nkdu}wxneiõu }hahw`é|#

nkeuingjd éu ahoynòvi#/ iooh}rh }xwiu}j jx}õ#

gxuvkngjd$ ]hwcéuvh}huhd j ck}kwrhvéwoŚ

hohn}wkdinêd iu ajd`kodi nhooh}} h`y nieui}/

jv öf nkcgidêeiõ wéréd$

Fk``jo chwÿo bho j néwméu/ ciéw} rko} uvÿn#

ué` h`y ioyhd ck}kw nibhfohuv}éuéwh rj`y id#

nêgg òuuvhêooã}êuêwj; Jvéw}/ chw} j `yêw}êu#

éu `yêw}êunòo}ué`/ rjojcid} jv jonj}wéuv#ho#

oê}êu wjeikdj#

oivêoêuj cij}}

ch` bk` uvźd#

di j ME:7#hu ck}kwkn

`yêw}êuj/ cêuwéuvwŚo j nòvòu dykcõeuòrhu

ME:5#ju ck}kwkn/ hq}wj cj`ju ghbheunhd#

mhvéui dykcêuujo cźnòmŚ ÿvhcjdyj`#ho#

oê}õ whdmuvhwédhn fjrã}êuj/ uvhwriv# éu uvjn#

hcghwi`édyh j rioê` dj`ykggin wéuvéd

|wkgoécêngj ÿ}nòvin/ mh ajukdoõ ckdmaj#

}õ ho uvhw}h j dj`yrioê`gjd/ j `êvkojfkn ci#

dŚué`éwŚo$ Chw} givkdy chuuvh dhc x`yjd#

jv} }jdnkoaj}fên j é|nkeuirhvh}Śn |éomêxo

Oj}id#Jchwinêgjd/ Jbwinj nòvé|uŚ wéuvéd/

Nãdêgjd rj`y j Nòvho#Nhoh}hd/ cid} jci} ci

iu chùvkn}xdn$ U jnnkw cé` dhc uvõo}xdn

`êvkojfkn ajukdoõjd rêo}kvj}ku céw}énź

néd}jw}jocêwõo rj`y j uvhddyhvŚméuhnwŚo/

jcin j uvźwŚghd wjnõmdjn oh*

]huv} nòvghd

J ck}kw} ghidmã}rj nhoohchu mãvhoajd` ÿ}i

ch` jv hcghw bÿoé}/ cid}aj rj`y :< érh}

chddédn riuuvj jv imŚghd$ Fêwêuj uicj/ }ò#

néoh}hu$ Jv hoidmxoêu nhooŚhd midjcinxu rko}/

j ck}kw} uhc nhooh}} nÿoòdòuhgghd |òw`h}#

di j ohàkuuvjgg/ i37/89#hu aãmê}}é}ho hooh#

déwh/ jv jv éwvéuÿdn }êcjm}/ ak`y 5<#=< oõ#

hwŚrho éu 7<< dhp}kdcé}hwwho }ògg rjd j

UEJDIJ @ =<<


Dj`y}hahw}huv}

UEJDIJ @ =<< + HXWK R—@okgêock}kw– ― h`y éwmhnhu bhfohuv}éui iwêdyvj} éu nhmrhvŚ }j|juv}joj}kn

]jrjoy ér ré`éd cé` eujn ajoo k}}xdn wõoj h`y#né} uvjncji idbkwcêeiõ}/ cku}jdwj

jvkdgjd honéuvÿo} j Uejdij h`y öf/ éwmhnhu ck}kwfj/ jchoyh} houŚukwgjd jv

Hxwõ|êd nãrÿoi |ijekn uvêcêwj jonk}}jn ch`/ mh Hxwõ|êgjd iu cêw bkw`jokcgjd

rjd éu bkw`jokcgjd cjwjm/ h`éuvhd jv Hxwk RI#ku dkwcj éo h}gh oé|éuéi`$ Hwwh j

—wéì#öf– hwŚbkwwêuwj iwêdyxo} cku}jdi }huv}ÿdn$



:―5$ J —òkgêock}kw–/

j ME:5#ju goknnfj/

j cêw nkwêggjd

jonjocjvk}} cźuvjni

ch`komêuknnjo

=$ Dj`ykd |wjn}inxu

wéuvoh}öfã}êu6 ak`y

j |õ}nkeui rhvh}énhi

ohah}Śoh` h`yuvhw uh

`xgjdekoõmfjdjn òuuvh

8$ @okgêoiujd rjfkd

chddyi ÿvhcjdyj`k}

ohah}dh chù|õwkodi

éu chddyirho }iuv}êgg

ohah}dh j oé`nòw/

ioyhd uvhwhorédyhnnho

éu fõ cidŚué`ź

ÿvhcjdyj`knnjo;*

ck}kwgjd$ Jojeukdy bkwmxoj}uvêckd iu nho#

oŚhd dykcj}énkujd mko`kvk}}/ jv hohn}wk#

dinj fõo niuvêcã}rj }êck`j}}j j nkwji bknk#

vj}bhonj|eukoêuknj}/ ohah}Śué` éu rhvh}éui

u}ãoxu uvhwid}/ oh`néuŚgg :=<<―:=8< nòvò}}i

bkwmxoj}dêo$ Eujn hchonhmŚd rjoõ hoidmxoêu#

nkw ohah}h}} niohdmã}hdi j bkwmxoj}uvêccé#

wŚ} :8<<#i`$ J :7$ bknkvj}k} 08―01 nc+õwj

nòwÿo nj|euko}j/ j 18 nc+õwêu }hc|õ} ::8<#

déo éw}ÿn ho$ J ck}kw éu j rêo}õcź òuuvhajd#

`koêuj aigê}ojd rko}/ idnêgg }źd} niuué }ho#

fhuã}cédykwihd}êo}djn/ cid}uhc cêw#cêw

chu}hwnéo}hd/ j }jnjwénkuuê`wj niah`yhvh}}

ch`komêudjn$ J vjfuvid} uhc rko} cj`ju/

gêw jv jojeukdyjgg |jmoõuvid} éu cj`j#

ujgg ck}kwjoj`ö} cij}} j @#uvéwiêdêo cêu#

né|| aj}djn j vjfkn/ cid} jv W#uvéwiêdêo éu j

ajd`bwhnrhdeiên iu uhc jvkdkujn$

Ah`ychdh}ghd/ j ck}kw dykcj}énnjwjn}h#

wh j biq `hkch}wiêu }xwgõ hoohdéwh dj`ykd fõ

rko}/ i`jv/ cid}aj nieui} nkwêggjd nj|euko}

rkodj riuuvj j rêo}õcź ― ö`y ::8<―:7<< nò#

vò}} ― uvhcghd j rêo}kvõ `hkch}wiêu bho#

}òo}Śrho uvhwho}/ nòvòu dykcõeuòrhuhnahv

né|hu}$ J ck}kw hoŚdyhi} ojuuögg chdh}déo/

dhaév }hwh|hd/ nkdu}wxneiõu jonjocjvêugjd

iu cidmhd givkddyjo fõ ni ohah} ajuvdêodi$

]hc|kcj}}jo rjoõ ajojmêunkw/ nòvhohmrh jv

hchonhmŚ }h}hféahv eéouvhwźgg bhonj|euko#

di névvho/ ::$ bknkvj}gõo :7$ bknkvj}gj rj`y

ninj|eukodi j }hc|kcj}k}/ chw} j ohdmÿoh}

cêw ö`yiu ê}ohdmã}i j uvhwhorédy}/ u hvvho iu

ÿvhcjdyj`k} u|õwkoaj}xdn$


UEJDIJ @ =<<

x

: 7

=5

8





:―7$ J ck}kw}éw

éu j ck}kwh`yué` j biq

ê}}é}hooho/ joxodévh}ghd

5$ H`y ÿvhci+nòv}hwÿoh}i

}òo}Śh`yué` j déch}

Ueadhimhw Hohe}wie#}Śo/

`é|nkeuicêwnê}õo

bÿ``h}ohdÿo$ J eéo/

jv h`yué`hu/ nkc|j}igioiu

euj}ojnkvõn ohddédhn

uvhw}h Hxwõ|êgjd/ cid}

j ohhdmŚ fêwcź|ije h`yin

bŚ }édyhvŚfh=$ J bŚ nêgho/ jv hwhmh}ioh`

ni|xbk`õ joj`ö}gjd

8―2$ Jv jnnxcxoê}kw#

h`yué`

mhoohnnho/ j ajuvdku }hahwgãwêu cjqicxc

08< niok`wjcc ohah}/ hggŚo oh`bhofhgg :<<

niok`wjcck} wjnkmaj}xdn j }h}Śwh$

H`y bho}òo}éuuho :2< niokcé}hw ch`}é}hoéwh

né|hu éu :5< nc+õwj j euöeuuhghuué`$ Ck#

}kwfj niri}ho}Śo bÿ``h}ohdÿo h`yué`hu/ == ni#

okpj}}/ jvjv 2< oõhwŚ }hofhuã}cédyź/ bkw`j}õ#

dykcj}énj 772 dhp}kdcé}hw$ Jv hwŚê}ri}ho

h`ybknkvj}ö/ êoojdmõ/ 9/56: ojuuã}õ ê}}é}hooho/

cirho j ck}kw cjqicêoiu bkwmxoj}uvêcj ng$

:7 <<< |hwehdnéd}$ Jv hoŚwh#aê}wjchdh} j

ck}kw bkw`êuiwêdyêdjn ch`rêo}kv}j}êuêrjo

}òw}édin/ j aê}wjchdh}ghd j oh`dj`ykgg

uhghuué` ng$ :8 nc+õwj/ ohuvjgêoykvrj$ Jv

iwêdyrêo}êu jv jx}kcj}jrêo}õrjo uvhwho} `é|#

nkeuinéakv }hofhuhd ajukdoõ/ uŚ} j névibén

chooh}} ohah}Śué` rjd j ajf}êuoêde cheajdi#

nxu wh}huvhoéuéwh iu/ |éomêxo }éohd rj`y ah`y#

riménhd$ Cidmhv jv hoŚrêojuv}õnjw !\#W#D#M)

nÿoòdgòvŚ êooêujigjd ohah}ué`hu$ Rjd h`y

—Hek– `kcg iu/ jchoyh} ch`dykcrj }jnjwé#

nkunkmaj}xdn jv êwjcbhoajuvdêoêuujo/ i`jv j

`ykwuã}êu niuué okcaj ohuv$ Ck}kwbén !`hdh#

wê}kw) ÿvhccõmgjd ― jnêw uãn }hwh|hd bho#

hd`hmh}} —`êv|hmêoojo– xwxorj/ jnêw ohf}ch#

dh}ghd ― }òo}éuwh nj|euko j whdmuvhw/ cid}#

h`y 5< niokpj}} ck}kwbén#}hofhuã}cédy cho#

oh}}/ jci hgghd j nj}h`õwiêgjd i`hd nkckoy$

Ujfdku j bénoêc|ên ioyhdnkw !j fhohdohì }ã|x#

uknkd) cé` dhc oé|dhn cźnòméugh/ cid}

h`y njcikd rj`y gxuv wh}jwmhwédéo$

J cźuvhwbjo 5 bŚcźuvhwgŚo êoo6 uhghuué`cé#

wŚ/ }òo}ò}}uéì uvid}fhovŚ éu hdhwìjbhoajuvdê#

oêu$ Hv x}õggidêo i`yhnhvdÿdn nhoo j vòom ch#

vŚghd cjwjmdi/ cid}aj eujn ghdvidhu rj`y

mãvho`é|nkeui} rhvh}dédn$

J bhméovh}i uvêcã}õ`é| j oh`x}õggi 7<< niok#

cé}hw joj|fêd njonxoêofj ni/ j cé` ch`}hah#

}Ś }êrkouê`k}$

J `é|nkeui né} h`ycêu}õo bÿ``h}ohd êwjc#

nòwwho whdmhonhvin$ J :7 rko}ku/ 08 jc|hwõwêu

jnnxcxoê}kw uvko`êofj ni j oêc|ênj}/ j cź#

uvhwbjoj}/ j EM#u wêmiõ}/ jv hohn}wkcku jgojn#

hchoŚnh}/ nòv|kd}i vêwj}/ bź}Ś#uvhooŚv}h}Ś

rhd}ioê}kw}/ jv hohn}wk#cheajdinxu nkwcêdy#

cźrh}/ j 5 mjwjg rãvuvirj}}yö} !hwwh cé` riuv#

uvj}éwÿdn*) éu j noãcjghwhdmhvéu}$

J `é|nkeui |jmoõrêvêgj/ j aê}uõ }hd`hoy hoé

ghé|ã}h}}/ =<< rko}ku chàjf}õ jnnxcxoê}kw

eujn j ck}kw} }ê|oêofj/ iooh}rh uvÿnué` huh}éd

—wê}òo}– j :7 rko}ku jnnxcxoê}kwwj$

J djwjdeuuêw`j hwŚuêwjcö nêghohnahv j }xojf#

mkdkudjn akvvêdyöodi/ uvhwho`h}di uvi`kwöjd

}ioku/ chw} jnêw éoh}rhuvéoyhu êwjcÿ}éu iu éw#

ah}i j akvvê dhc éw}Ś uvhcéoy}* Cid} ch`#

}xm}xn/ cêw j ajvji }źvko}õn }krêggné|véuh iu

bkoyjcj}gjd rjd/ ak`yjd nhoo êwjc}jojdã}jdi

éu giv}kduê`kujd chd}hdi h`y }iuv}êd hohn}#

wkcku ÿvhcź rj`y aigwim é|nkeuigõo$

Jv jnnxcxoê}kw#h`yué` éu }òo}éu

Dhceujn j ck}kw éu j biq ê}}é}ho/ mh j bhuvÿo}#

ué`ê}jojnã}õ éu uvjgêoykvõ h`yué`/ j rhvéwoŚ#

h`yué` h`y nkc|oh}} goknnk} né|hvrh/ cidm

j ck}kw}éwghd rjddjn$ J `é|nkeui chàjf#

}êuê} giv}kuã}õ jnnxcxoê}kwh`yué` j aê}uõ

}hd`hoy hoé nhwÿo} hoahoyhvéuwh/ wéuvghd j

dkwcêo ÿvhcjdyj`}jw}êoy ahoyéwh/ hvéw} j

aê}xo oérŚ/ nÿouŚ |õ}nhwén}jw}õakv uhc nho#

oh}} akvvêdyöodi$ Jv hwŚuêwjcö nêghohn hoah#

oyhvéuéwh nirêoõ rémh}} ohah}Śué`h} dyöf} jv

hwhmh}ioh` ni|xbk`õwhdmuvhw hoahoyhvéuéwh

uvko`êoõ |jmoõohchv mkcgkwxoj}$

Jv jnnxcxoê}kw#h`yué` òuuvhuhd =1 mjwjg

niucéwh}ź ehooêgõo é|ÿo bho/ 7q7= mjwjgku ni#

jojnã}êuujo/ h`yhdnéd} 7<< rko}ku bhuvÿo}ué#

`h} giv}kuã}/ u hv òuuvhnj|eukorj jmfj j ch`#

ajf}êuakv uvÿnué`hu =<< rko}k} éu 77 niok#

pj}}õwj }hofhuã}cédy}$ Jv jnnxcxoê}kw#h`y#

ué` eujn cheajdinji rémhohccho whdmhonh#

vin/ dideu bź}rh éu aŚuvi`h}horh/ cidmhd gi#

vkddyjo j euhwh ch`nòddyã}éuh éwmhnéghd$

J é|nkeui bho}òo}éuh dkwcêo/ 75< rko}ku aêoõ#

vj}wõo ohah}ué`hu$ J cid}h`y :< cé}hw akuv#

uvö }òo}Śnêgho h`yin ré`éd uvjgrêdyku mx`#

riooê}/ j cêuinkd j `é|nkeuiakv rjoõ h`yhmi

euj}ojnkvõ} }joêoxdn/ u nòvghd rjd cé` h`y

id}hooi`hdu jmj|}hw/ jci gh# éu ninj|eukofj j

}òo}éu}/ rém j aiw}hohd }öobhuvÿo}ué`}Śo/ mh jv

êwjcbhoré}ho} iu nkd}wkooêofj/ dhak`y huh}oh`

}öo}hwahofÿn j aêoõvj}k} éu j aêoõvj}i whoé oh#

nj|euko/ j `é|nkeui |hmi` dhc ohuv bho}òo}#

rh$ !I`jv/ eéouvhwźgg h`y :2 jc|hwhu/ nhw}i#

rj`y jwêvueuj}ojnkvõwõo }òo}hdi/ jci j bźdyã#

wõ}/ ah`huv}Ś}wjbõ} rj`y ujwkneuiuvkoõ} iu —ho#

gãwfj–$) J whdmuvhw cidmi` hoŚgg j chàjf}õ

jnnxcxoê}kw} }òo}i bho/ cjfm uvÿnué` huh}éd

j dkwcêo :7 rko}kuwj iu wê}òo}$ J }òo}éui imŚ/ jv

jnnxcxoê}kw }òo}ò}}uéì uvid}fé}Śo bÿ``Śhd

2#9 õwj/ j Njd`kk#n huh}éghd cé` dhc oh#

ah}ué`hu j `ykwu}òo}éu$

J }òo}éu ch`nhvméué} jv iwêdyfhovŚn h`yuvhw#

wh }òw}édŚ/ akuuvjgg bhorioojdêuj fhovi$ J }òo#

}éu imhféwh j é|nkeui} j chùvknk}} cõmkd

ghvêwaj}fxn/ uŚ}/ j }òo}Śnêgho `é|nkeuigjd

oérŚ euj}ojnkvõfê} iu wh}huvhoi j nòv|kd}i vêw/

ã`y dhc ok|aj}fên ho$ J é|nkeui eujn j }òo}Ś#

nêgho `é|nkeuiwõo }òw}édŚ ohnj|eukoêuj x}êd

idmã}aj}õ/ bhohménhdyué` nivêwrj*

J }òo}Śnêgho} j wjf}j oérŚ jmj|}hwwho nÿoòd

nhoo ch`rêuêwkodi/ fhohdoh` ö`y :<< hxwõu

êwkd$

Fê wc ź éu bh oé |ã }c éd y ▿ Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 5:

WHDJXO] NJD@KK V$H$

x

: 7

5 =

28



Ak`yjd cźnòmin;

J whdmhvrédyhd cidmhdnidhn bho}źd} j ch`#

cjwjm}/ }jdnuj|nê} whf}Ś bhméo$ Hv} j }hwrhvŚn

j mãvho+gikmãvho ÿvhcź/ k|eiõu êooõbź}éu ohah#

}Śué`édhn aj`y}ên ch`/ ak`y nédyhochuhd

}òo}ahuuÿn bho j déaêdyoi}hwhu }jw}êoy}$

HouŚwh bxwj }joêdy/ ciéw} nhoo h`y rioojdyjx#

}õgj 5 mjwjg rãvuvirj}}yö éu né} aź}Śbkoyj#

ménnòw/ h`y#h`y nih`yhdoã}Ś }jw}êooyjo$ Jv

houŚ rãv|xc|j eujn j ck}kw aź}éué} giv}kuã}#

fj chdh} nòvghd/ h`y dkwcêo aź}Ś êo}jo$ Jv

ÿvhci aŚbkn eujn .8< ¼E$ J cêukmin eujn j bh#

uvÿo}ué`#uvjgêoykvõ h`yué`h} aź}i/ bŚoh` }òo#

}éu nòvghd/ uvid}éd j aź}Ś nòvghin}j}êuêrjo$

Hnnkw j ck}kw aź}Śnòwéwh dideu uvÿnué`$

J ajwcjmin bÿ``h}ohd/ eujn jv x}ju}éw bź}éué}

giv}kuã}fj j chùvknk}} wjmiê}kwkd nhwhuv}ÿo/

dkwcêo rhd}ioê}kwkn êo}jo$ J bkoyjménk} hohn}#

wkcku choh`ã}Śuvêo bź}i bho/ mh hv dhceujn

chdh} nòvghd ajuvdêoaj}õ/ ajdhc hoŚwh

|wk`wjckvaj}õ éu j }òo}éu x}kouõ h`y õwê#

fêgjd oé| cźnòméugh$ J bkwwõ ohrh`Śu ch`#

komêu} jv huh}oh`hu }źvrhuvéoy niréméuh éw#

mhnéghd }h}}én béowh j }hwrhvŚn$

Nkwcêdycź j }òggi Njd`kk#érjo jvkdku/ bk#

`juoéehu nkdu}wxneiõ/ mh hohn}wkcheajdinxu

ch`komêuujo$

J bénwhdmuvhw uvid}éd }hofhuhd jvkdku/ h`yh}#

ohd oédyh`hu nÿoòdgué``ho/ ak`y j wêuh`ã}éu#

ahv i}} nÿoòd hohn}wkcku rênxxcuvirj}}yöwj

rjd uvÿnué`$

J oé`nkdmieikdêoõ eujn hq}wjnéd} nj|aj}õ$

Uvhwriv éu uvko`êo}j}êukn

Jv hohn}wkcku Njd`kk#n huh}éghd jv jnnx#

cxoê}kwh`yué` cidmréì` j Whdjxo} }xojfmk#

dêgjd cjwjm/ jvéw} !fhohdoh`) ajri 07 hxwõu

géwoh}i mãfj} uvêckodjn bho/ jchoy }jw}jocjv#

vj jv jnnxcxoê}kw njwgjd}jw}êuê}/ euhwéfé}

h`éuv Hxwõ|j }hwÿoh}éd$ Cidmhd Njd`kk V$H$

`é|nkeuiwj 8 ér rj`y :<< <<< niokcé}hw `j#

wjdeij éwrédyhu/ jv hoŚãw} uvhwriv#id}hwrjooxc

=< <<< niokcé}hw rj`y 7 ér$

Gêwcioyhd fjrã}êu rj`y jnnxcxoê}kweuhwh

hoŚ}} j chàjf}êu} uvko`êoõ jnnxcxoê}kw} oh

nhoo euj}ojnkv}j}di j ck}kwakv rhvh}Ś bŚ nê#

ghowŚo/ j euj}ojnkvõ} jv jwwj j eéowj uvko`êoõ/

giv}kduêì mx`juuvjo nhoo hooê}di/ cjfm j é|#

nkeui} nòwgh nhoo nkwmkdkvdi$ 8 |hwe ho}ho}é#

rho j uvhwhoŚdhn bhuvÿo}ué`céwŚrho hoohdŚwiv#

di nhoo j `é|nkeui ck}kw}hwéghd/ ak`y rjoõ#

gjd dideu ghddh êwjc éu j fjrã}êuknj} rj`y

jnnxeuhwé} eujn hvx}êd ohah} honhvmhdi$

H`y nòw hwhféi`

J uvjncji idbkwcêeiõn x}êd ö}djn idmxoaj}#

}xdn h`y déaêdy niokcé}hwhu |wõgjnòwwh$ J

`é|nkeui nhvhoéuh/ rhvh}éuh dj`ykd h`yuvh#

wź/ uhcci whdmnãrÿoi dideu ghddh$ J cźuvhw#

bjo j né} komjouõ jdjoõ` nifhovŚ bxdneiõfê}/ nj#

oigwêoêuê} ohuvêcã}rj h`y éu x`yjdjv/ j nò#

vé|nkdvkokd oérŚ bź}éu#uvhooŚv}h}éu nj|euk#

oõirjo h`yÿ}}$

J bén|hmêo ghdykcêuê} nòrh}Śhd/ jv idmã#

}õnxoeu hobkwmã}êuêrjo j uvknk}} cõmkd dé#

aêdy cêukm|hwewh ch`fhohddhn j uò}é} aê}#

}éwghd oérŚ |in}k`wjckn/ j }òo}éufhovŚ cx}j#

}õfj j }òo}éui uvid}dhn ch`bhohoŚhd nickvmxo/

j bhméovh}i uvêcã}õ`é| `ykwujd hoohdŚwiv/ jv

idmã}õnxoeu jvkdgjd dhc bkwmã}aj}õ }krêgg*

Jv hoŚrêojuv}õ njw} nhoo —\–#gŚo —M– rj`y —W–

êooêugj }hddi éu cêwiu idmxoaj}xdn/ midjci#

nxujd/ ajd`}jojdxo$ Jci} uvkndi nhoo/ j bidkc

ckv`êukn uvźn ahoyhd/ eujn j |hmêo êo}jo$ ]ho#

fhuhd x`yjdö`y/ cid}aj h`y hohn}wkcku }jw#

`kdeê} rhvh}dédn$

Jv éuuvhwź/ }jnjwénku rhvh}éui u}ãoxuwj uhc

dhaév wêajd`koõmdi/ mh j ck}kw cé` hcho#

nhmŚd iu dykcj}énkujd/ jvkddjo/ cidmhd né#

uhmhohc déonÿo whj`êo$ Ohf}chdh}ghd jv ÿwhu

`é|nkeuidêo ckdmaj}di }öo hwŚu iu rko} j ck#

}kwbénaj}êu/ nieui} j |hmêowj iu nhooh}} oé|di/

ak`y dh ojuuxofxdn oh }öovk}}jd$ UŚ}/ bkw`jo#

ci ahoyvh}}Śo bÿ``Śhd/ hoŚwhoê}õ rhvh}éuuho

cé` j bén|hmêowj uhc nhoo oé|di/ chw} ck#

}kwbénnho/ nhooŚ nibx}êuujo }hofhuhd ch` ohah}

êoodi$ HchonhmŚd rjoõ hoidmxoêu jv iuchw} né#

vibénhu éu bidkc `ykwuã}êuku cõmuvhwwho oh#

ah}ué`hu/ ohbxoojmêu nivêwrj*

]éoi nòwÿocédyhn nòv} uhc ohah} `kdm/ ai#

uvhd j ni|òw`éu`ê}oõ eujn jddyi dykcj}é#

nk} hd`hm jv jgwkdeukn bhoé/ jci j euöuvêu#

chd}hu hoidmxoêu} giv}kuã}fj/ mh dyêwkd iu

ré`h j `xcieuinkw`õu —nioòréudhn– vòom fho#

véudéo$

Jv —Hek– `kcg ch`dykcêuê} nòrh}Śhd ni#

eui} uvkoimjgg chdh}midjcinêrjo nòvohnhm#

ah}ÿdn/ mh ch`dòrhoah}fÿn j aj}õ}êrkouê#

`k}$ Hv nÿoòdòuhd hwŚuhgg rêwkui bkw`jokc#

gjd hoŚdyòu/ jcinkw oê}aj}õ/ ak`y akuuvjgg

}êrkd dhc }xmxdn bkoyjcj}kujd riuvkdyoj`

`ykwu }hc|õgjd ajojmdi$

Cidmhd} òuuvhrh}rh dj`ykd nhmrhvŚhn rko#

}jn houŚ ghdykcêujidn$ J }hwrhn uvhwid} hv

ér kn}õghwé}Śo nhvmŚmin ch` j ajvji bkw`jo#

cjvêu/ u whcéofÿn nhmrhvŚ êwkd éu êoojci }ê#

ck`j}êuujo$ Hv Hxwõ|j dyx`j}i bhoéd ―8<<<

hxwõ} fhohd} j ré}hoêwgõo/ jci fhohdoh` }ã|xu#

}õo éu bhouvhwho}ué`}Śo bÿ``Śhd 7< <<<―7:

7<< hxwõ nòvò}} rêo}kvin$

J Whdjxo} Joj|ã}rêdy }êck`j}êuêrjo éu j

Cjd}hu#oj#Riooh#ghd oérŚ Rhwujioohu#Ujid}#

Zxhd}id H`yh}hccho nòvòuhd hv ér uvh|#

}hcghwéghd idmxo/ houŚ érghd 7< miên uvê#

cêwj h`y nÿoòd uvjniwêdyö né|véu/ né}érhu

}krêggné|véuuho nkcgidêorj éu hoŚuvòw

nj|djn cjfm uvjncji mi|okcê}/ hek#ck#

gioi}y uvjnkd/ jv jx}õ`yêw}êu }òw}édhocé#

ghd hoŚuvòw* Jv hocéoh}i éu `yjnkwoj}i né|#

véughd koyjd }êw`yjn uvhwh|hodhn }ògghn

nòvò}}/ cid} |éomêxo jv

hohn}wkcku fêwcźrhn

}hwrhvéuh#/ `yêw}êuj# éu

éw}énhuã}éu x}êdi uvko`êo#

}j}êukn/ bhméovh}i hohn}#

wkdinji whdmuvhwhn/ rjoj#

cid} bho}òo}Śaêoõvj}kn$

Whcéofÿn ioyhd rj`y aj#

ukdoõ nhvmhcédyhvéu

cidéo hoŚgg imhajvj iu

ch`rjoõuxo$

Niuu


:$ J Njd`kk V$H$ m ij`dkuv}inji |wk`wjcfj cêw

bx} 7$ Cźuvhwbjo éu nòvé|nkdvko

5―=$ BÿonhghouŚ éu wjn}éw/ cidmhd j chùvknk}}

WHDJXO] NJD@KK V$H$

:

7

5

=



ppp$uejdij$ax

Uvhwrivho}huuh fêwcźrhi} aé}ré`éd/

jcinkw dideu bxrjwbhojmj}xn

Uvkcgj}kdnéd} iu }hofhu cxdnjimŚghd j chùvknk}}uvhwrivuvko`êo}j}êuknnjo rêwfxn ß`ybhohidnh}*

]xmfxn/ ak`y jv ÿvhcho}h}Śndhn aigê}ojd fêwcźrhnwhrjd uvÿnué`ÿn cxdnêfxn horé`véuh éwmhnéghd$Jvéw}/ ak`y Òd bxrjwbhojmj}ji} imŚghd }hofhuã}ahuuh/j Uejdij cêwnjuvhwrivhi uvkcgj}kd iu dyi}rj }jw}jdjn$Jchddyighd uvhwrivho}h}di uvhwh}dé fêwcźrhi}/rêojuuvj j uvkcgj}i dj|k}$ Cêwnjuvhwrivhidn néuvhdêoodjn jwwj/ ak`y uh`ã}uén Òd} bhojmj}ji horé`véuéghd$

Uejdij uvhwrivuvko`êo}j}êukn # ch`gãvaj}õuê`/ `ykwujuê`/ |wkbhuuvikdjoi}êu$



fhohdoh` —h`y}kddêu– ― mh cjfm ohuv

dj`ykgg iu• ― Bkwm ajuvkdfêwcź#

rhn rjmkdj}öf `hdhwêeiõfê} né|riuhoŚ ]wjd#

ui} Exu}kc kuv}êoyhouŚ ohah} j cidmi` iu fho#

ohcvŚ niajuvdêoaj}õuê`/ j cêw fõo chùvk#

nk}} }jw}õuuê` éu jv jojeukdy bhdd}jw}êui nòo}#

ué`hn |êwj}ojd nkcgidêeiõfêrjo/ j nj}h`õwij

oh`fkgg bk`yjuv}êuj chooh}}$ U cé` rjojci

|oxuv/ hv |hmi` j nÿouŚ ch`fhohdéu/ j dj`ykd

fõo uinhwÿo} öf mivêfd éu j cêw#cêw oxqxu uvh#

céoy`é|nkeuiu rhvh}Ś}hwź ghouŚ niné|véu$

Né}ué` nãrÿo j ]wjdui} Exu}kc rko} j niêooã}êu

uv}êwfj/ mh jvéw} j Bkwm u}jdm nãdêo} }krêg#

gi éwmhnhuué`hnh} iu$ I}} rko} hoŚuvòw oê}aj}õ

j }hofhu Wjd`hw ckmhooeujoêm/ j rjmkdj}öf

Bkwm Wjd`hw cidmaêwkc njwkuuvéwijrêo}kvj#

}j$ Niêooã}k}}ên j Bkwm hmmiì oh`}jnjwénkujgg

êwxuvêooã}õfê}/ jv öf Bihu}j Rjd HEKdh}ie ]hea#

dkok`y ckmhoo}$ J Bkwm }òw}édh}édhn hmmiì

oh`dj`ykgg ajuvkdfêwcź#u}jdmfêd :1 ck#

mhoo rko} oê}aj}õ$

Giwcidàjc/ H`yhuÿo} Niwêoyuê`/ 7<:7$ ê|#

wioiu 7=$ ― Joiàjdhc j Bkwm }òo}ò}}h ch` j

giwcidàjci ajuvkdfêwcź niêooã}êuwõo }xmõ#

uã}õ oj|kn uvjojèãchi}/ aiuvhd j rêoojoj} hv}

jv huhcédy} rêojuv}k}}j j rjmkdj}öf Bkwm

]wjdui} Exu}kc rioê`|whcihwéahv/ u Śuvid#

}éd uvõorj j rhwuhdy}êwujn dhc dj`ykd }xm#

}jn rhwuhdygh uvêoodi/ i}}#k}} j|wõeunj wêde#

bhorjwwêuujo }xm}ên eujn bhomkgdi j wé`hggi

ckmhoohnh}$

J oê}rêdyku/ öf bkwcj}hwrrho ch`jonk}k}}/

uvhcéoyjx}õu ghouŚ }hwh} éu nirêoõ chdh}#

midjcinê} nãdêoõ Bkwm ]wjdui} Exu}kc j nk#

wêggidêo uvéohuhgg rêuêwoõnòvòdué`h} eéokv

ch`/ koyjd }hwh|wh }òw} gh/ jako hmmi` dhc

dj`ykd fhohunhmh}}$

—J ]wjdui} Exu}kc }hofhuhd öfbjf}j h`y}kd#

dêu ajuvkdfêwcź/– ckdm}j U}h|ahd Kmhoo/ j

Bkwm Hxwõ|j hodòn#rhvéwi`jv`j}õfj$ —Hv j u}ã#

oxuku/ ckmhwd êwxuvêooã}õ gÿuvnhué``ho }òo}i

cjfm ho }xojfmkdkuji}/ x`yjdjnnkw uhcci}

uhc rhuvã} ajuvdêoaj}õuê`êgõo éu ch`gãv#

aj}õuê`êgõo/ jci} rêuêwoõidn ho iu rêwdjn h`y

]wjdui}}õo$ Jv öf ckmhooukwkvj} ghcx}j}êuê#

rjo nhvmh}é} rhuvi h`y akuuvö }êrö bkoyjcj}/

choydhn ukwêd j Bkwm ê}bkwcêofj okgêoiu aj#

uvkdfêwcź#nãdêoj}ê}$ J nòrh}nhvŚ aõdj|kn#

gjd }ògg öf ckmhooÿdn ghcx}j}êuj iu rêw#

aj}õ/ ã`y j 7<:7#hu ér }édyoh` iv`jocjudjn

ã`éwnhvin ajuvkdfêwcź#ÿvoh}ê`xdn uvêcê#

wj$–

Cé` h`y imévh}6 —J rêuêwoõn jv} uvhwh}dén/

ak`y jx}õfxn ckmhwd éu |wkbhuuvikdê#

oiu né|h} cx}juukd/ u jv öf ]wjdui} Exu}kc

dhc knkv dhnin eujoõmêu}/– réohnhmh}} \jxo

Ejc|ghoo/ j Bkwm Hxwõ|j rhvh}Ś mivêfdhwh$

—U}ãoxuku/ ckmhwd ch`fhohdéuź fêwcźrh} jo#

nk}}xdn/ jci} cidmhd ÿvoh}ê`gjd uknwj }jw#

}jdjn cjfm$ Cirho jv jx}õ réwghoi ]wjdui}/ j

aiah}h}ohdÿo |wjn}inxu wjn}éw hohrh jmk}}>

x`yjdjnnkw u|kw}ku niêooêuj éu chwhmhnhd

hchonhmŚ rêoorkdjoj hwŚ}hofhu/ bwiuu ghdyk#

cêu} }huv j nÿouŚ uvhcoéoŚwh$ J nÿoòdoh`hu

njwjn}hw nijojnã}êuêgjd fhohd}Śu uvhwh|h}

fê}uvjdjn j Nidh}inxu Mivêfd fhooh`vh}hu bkw#

cji hohchi/ |éomêxo jv hwŚ}hofhu/ }wj|év bkw#

cêfö oé`ghòcoŚ/ jv ivcku rêoorkdjo éu jv

hwŚuhd mkcgkwkmõ uêwrémŚn$–

\ijei ch`fhohdéuhnkw j ]wjdui} Exu}kc wòrim

!UPG ― }hofhu akuuvöuê` =/90 c) éu akuuvö

}hd`hoy}êrrjo !OPG ― }hofhu akuuvöuê` 8/5=

c) iu nj|aj}õ ohuv/ ã`y j rêuêwoõn cé` nòdy#

dyhgghd nirêojuv}aj}fên jv i`édyhindhn oh`#

idnêgg ch`bhohoŚ rêo}kvj}k}$

Jchooh}}/ ak`y jv jx}õ fõo niajuvdêoaj}õ

wjn}hwh }öouvêwdyjofj j oh`hwŚuhgg rh}éoy#

}êwujn }éwnãdêoj}ê}/ uvêcku öf iddkrêeiõ

cx}j}nkvk}} gh6 ▿ J }ònéoh}huã}h}} rêojuv#

b jo# éu wjn}éw#nijojnã}êu wéréd jv UPG ckmho#

ohngh aêwkc Hxwk#wjnoj| iu hobéw/ h`y cé}hw

cj`ju wjnkcêddyjo$▿ J rêojuvbjokd niné|#

vh}} dyãoêudjn ― choy jv ÿoéu joê dyöoin ― nò#

uvòdah}Śhd jv jx}õgjd jnêw 5 cé}hw akuuvö

}êw`yjn !|éomêxo euòrhn rj`y oé}wên) iu giv#

}kduê`kujd uvêooã}aj}õn$▿J nhwénfêwj}i ãrhn

n òv}i }êrkouê` j oh`dj`ykgg j nj}h`õwiêgjd/

ã`y j wjn}éwghd j uvéohu !7==< cc q :77<

cc) wjnkcêdy iu nòddyhméd hobéw bhn}h}h}}

ahoyvh}ghd !mh uvÿnué` huh}éd jnêw bÿ``Ś#

oh`huhd iu)$ ▿ J rhwuhdy}êwujnakv né|hu}

oh`cj`jujgg éu ohùvéohuhgg komjouõ }koõ#

jf}õi wéréd h`yuvhwź j wjnkmêu$ ▿ Jv id}h`#

wêo} }h}Śeukcj`}jw}õ whdmuvhw j }h}Ś uvhwrhu

wéuvé} né|hvi/ ã`y uvÿnué` huh}éd h`yuvhwź#

hd ajuvdêoj}gj rhah}Ś$ Ajuvdêoj}kd nãrÿo j

nhwhuv}wxmjn `ykwujd ohajf}aj}õn/ ã`y euòn#

nhd j oé`hoohdêooêu éu j bk`yjuv}êu/ éu jv jx}õ

cj`juuê`j iu né} cé}hw joj}} cjwjm !j 55<#

ju ukwkvj} niré}hoérho)$ ▿ Jv öf ahoyhnwh }h#

oh|ã}h}} ohnò}Ś njc|õn éu wò`vã}Ś |kd}kn jv

komjobjokd }joêoaj}õn/ ã`y j fêwcź nòddyhg#

ghd wjnkmaj}õ éu }iuv}ã}aj}õ$ ▿ Jv öf |jmoõ#

gkwã}êu wéréd j wjn}éw hoohdêooõgg j uéwÿoé#

uhnnho uvhcghd/ éu nòddyhgghd }iuv}êd }jw}#

aj}õ$ ▿ J uvêcku nÿoòdbéoh bhoé|ã}céddyho

Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 ▿ Fêwcź éu bhoé|ã}cédy5=

J

:$ Jv —Śu– ]wjdui} 7―5$ J Bkwm ajuvkd`é|fêwcź#

ê`jvj} rhvh}Śi cx}j}}ên gh j fêw cźrhnh}

=―8$ ]kxwdhk Exu}kc/ öf bkwcjrioê`/

rioê`nojuuviu ch`fhohdéu

Dhcvh}nòvi bõwxc ▿ Fêwcźeujoêm#bhfohuv}éu

GiwcidàjciAjuvkdfêwcź Niêooã}êu

J BKWM 7<:=#i` }hofhuhd ch`öfã}fj j ajuvkd`é|fêwcź |joh}}êfê}$ Cé` h`y öfuvh`chdu iu ghnhwÿo} j ukwgj/ j nojuuvinxu —dj`y– ]wjdui} éu ]wjdui} Ekddhe} nòvé|kvãeikdêorj$ Hddhn uvhcéoyuvêooã}õ rêo}kvj}êrjo @hdbghd cêw }joêonkvaj}}xdn/|wõgêofxn jvõ}j iu ch`fh`yhvdi j —Exu}kc– uvõeunê}$ Éd ö`y bkwmã}jdêc/j givjocj} iu ch`hoŚoh`hvrh/ ak`y j —oh`fkggjd ch`bhohoŚ–$ J rjmkdj}öf Bkwm]wjdui} Exu}kc rioê`|whcihwh j rêoojoj} hmmiì oh`dj`ykgg ajuvkdfêwcź u}jdmfêd7<:7$ ê|wioiu 7=#éd/ Giwcidàjc#ghd jv DHE#ghd rko}$

BKWM ]WJDUI]EXU]KC RIOÊ@\WHCIHW



ch`whdmhoah}Ś ]wjdui} ajuvdku }hwahoah}Ś#ué`h 2<<―:=<< n` nòvò}} rjd$J ]wjdui} Exu}kc öfbjf}j/ uvhcéoyjx}õu rh#vh}éui éocédy} akdkuã} ch` nj}h`õwiêfêgjd$J ckmhwd/ rhvh}Śnòv|kd}ö cźuvhwbjo dhc#eujn cx}j}õu/ ajdhc ê}`kdmko} wjnkmõah#oyhnh} iu nãdêo j |jojenkn/ }hohbkdkn éu iwj}kn hoahoyhvéuéwh$ J rhvh}Ś ÿoéu|kvãeiõfj }ê` aj#}êwkn nòv} êooã}aj}õ !j rhvh}Śÿoéu 5< cc#whoaê}wégg euöuv}j}aj}õ/ ã`y j cj`jujgg ukbŚ#wòn iu fõo hobéwdhn)/ j nkwcêdykuvok| |hmi`cj`juuê`êgjd éu céoyué`éghd h`yjwêd}ckv`j}aj}õ/ ã`y jv jx}õu fõrjo nédyhoch#uhgghd ÿoah}$J rkoêd cò`ò}} ÿorh j rhvh}Ś cxdnê# fê} uvêcku/ j Bkwm oh`öfjgg uvhcéoyjx}õ#igõo iuchw} }headkoõìj nòddyã}i ch`6 ▿ UYDE ajd`rhvéwoéuhu/ bhméovh}i euj}ojnkvê#ui whdmuvhw ― uh`ã}ué`érho ckgio}hohbkdkn éu vhdhohfê}uvõ huvnòvòn euj}ojnkv}j}aj}õn éu ajd`rhvéwoéuuho nhvhoah}Śn$ ▿ Réuvahoy#vh}i Juuviuv}hdu ― j UYDE wéuvé} né|hvŚ mãf#dyhw}hu ghwhdmhvéu wéréd h`y gjohuh} x}êdjv jx}õgjd ÿoŚn nj|eukoj}gj oé|ah}dhn j uh#`éoyuvko`êoj}knnjo> j whdm#uvhw |kd}kujd ch`jmfj jvk|hwê}kwdjn j fêwcź ahoy#vh}é}$ ▿ ]koj}õnjchwj ― jriuuvj|ioojd}õ }ÿnòwgh id#}h`wêorj$ ▿ Uêrhoaj`yêuwjBi`yhochv}h}Ś Whdmuvhwéu Rhvh}Śbi`yhochv}h}ŚWhdmuvhw ― j oh`ckmhw#dhgg rhvh}Śuh`ã}Ś whdm#uvhwhn bi`yhochv}h}in jvjx}õu}/ aj j fêwcź jnjwj}#ojdxo ni}éw j uêrgõo/ rj`yaj jv jx}õukd j nibêwjmêu fhohi cx}j}nkvdjn$J Bkwm céwdònhi ê}mko#`kv}ên jv öf/ h`y}kddêurêo}kvj} òkgêoiu |jmoõoh#chvé}/ ã`y j ]wjdui} Exu#}kc cé` chwhrhgg oh}}/jci cidm jv iwêdyã}aj}õ#uê`/ cidm |hmi` j vjfuvid}euònnhd}éuh }hwéd hoŚwhoé#|éu} fhohd}$ J bhobÿ``huv#}éu éu j nkwcêdycź j|#wõoénku }ònéoh}huã}éuédhn hwhmcédyhné||hd fhohd#}Śuhd fjrxo} j chdh}né#dyhohc éu j nkwcêdyvêu|kd}kuuê`j$ Jnêweujn jvöf Bkwm Bkexugjd/ j ]wjd#ui} Exu}kc ckmhooghd iu

ch`}joêoaj}õ j }j|jmêu} éu j chdh}u}jgioi#}êu} cj`jujgg uvid}wh hchoŚ/ oh`öfjgg Ch#dh}u}jgioivêoõ Whdmuvhw j Dykcj}énrhn}kwUvjgêoykvêuujo$Jv jx}õgjd ÿoŚn cjqicêoiu rémhoch éw#mhnéghd j ]wjdui} Exu}kc ê}}hwrhvh}} bho#é|ã}cédyh ― j ]wjdui} }òw}édh}h ukwêd hoŚ#uvòw ― xo}wj dj`y uvioêwmuê`ö gõwjeéo} iu }jw#}jocjv$ J nkeui}hu} }ògg cid} =< uvêvjoéngjd}jw}jocjv dj`y uvioêwmuê`ö éu xo}wj dj`y uvi#oêwmuê`ö jeéohohchnh}/ ã`y j nòddyź éu hwŚunjwkuuvéwij nirêoõ ÿ}nòvéurémhoch} giv}kuã}$Jv öf ckmhoo }krêggbhfohuv}h}} x}jurémhociwhdmuvhwh jwwj iu ohah}Śué`h} dyöf}/ ak`y jrêuêwoõ houŚ bÿ``òdyoé`vuênnjo h`éuvã}uh nij rhvh}Ś# éu x}jukomjoi oé`vuênknj} éu jv ÿoé#uhngh é|ã}h}} komjooé`vuênknj}$ J Bkwm oh`#ckmhwdhgg uvhcéoyjx}õiakv ajukdoõjdhgghd j fêwcźghd iu ch`}joêoaj}õ j rãvuvid#}huhd òuuvheuxnoõ nkwcêdykuvok|> hv j ch`#komêu dj`y uhghuué`ź bwkd}êoiu ÿ}nòvéu huh#}éd euònnhd}i j bhf éu j choonju }hwahoéué}$J ]wjdui}wj aj`ykcêdykujd fhoohcvŚ ch`#gãvaj}õuê` éu jojeukdy ÿvhcghd }jw}êui

nòo}ué` j euhnéoy bk`yjuv}êudêo nhvmŚmin/jciwŚo j Bkwm / oi}hwhu Mxwj}kwz ]MEi mãvho#ck}kwfêdjn }krêggbhfohuv}h}} rêo}kvj}j kd#mkunkmin$ J :<</ :8 éu :88 oõhwŚu rêo}kvj}#gjd ch`whdmhoah}Ś/ dykcj}énku hwŚbkwwêu#akv iccêw joj|êwkd fêw jv Jx}k#U}jw}#U}k|whdmuvhw jv Hxwk R hciuuviõu uvid}ź ckmho#ohnghd/ jchoyhndhn nkcgidêo} bk`yjuv}êuj2/2 o+:<< nc/ EK7#nigkeuê}êuj |hmi` :0= `+nc> hv 1 uvêvjoénku fjrxoêu} fhohd} j fhohdohìckmhoo éw}énhiahv né|hu}$ : érhu jv ê}wkvu#mêukmêu hoohdi `jwjdeij éu j nj}h`õwij oh`#akuuvjgg/ ér+8< <<< niokcé}hwhu uvhwriv#id}hwrjooxcj iu j —eukcj`– wéuvh$Cé` <:#ghd j Bkwm ghcx}j}fj j dj`ykggcéwh}ź éu dj`ykgg }hahwgãwêuö ]wjdvi}#rêo#}kvj}knj} iu$ Hvhn j ckmhoohn j òkgêoiu |i#jewj néuvÿodhn ― Éuvjn#Jchwinê} iu ghohéw}#rh ―/ éu aê}uõnhwén ajf}êuöjn$ Jv öf ]wjdui}Exu}kc `yêw}êuj <: nòvh|éd nhvmŚmin jBkwm }òwònkwuvêì Nkejhoi ÿvhcéghd/ éu jvjx}õ jv ér néuŚggi uvjnjuvêgjd fhohdin ch`j cêwnjnhwhunhméuhnghd$

Gkdeuéw Uêdmkw


:―7$ J }i}kn dhc }i}kn

}òggé

5―8$ Jv öf ]wjdui} Exu}kc

nãrÿo#ghoÿo

2$ H`y i`jvêd ckmhwd/

}h}uvh}Śu rhvh}Ś}éw

:

= 5

8 2

7



FòrŚ} chàj}êwkvõ rêo}kvêu

J oh`dj`ykgg/ oh`fhohd}Śuhgg rêo}kvêu j

}xojfmkdkui uvhwnhvh}ghd }òw}éd}/ 7<::$ ér

ré`éd j Rkonupj`hd }ògguéì wéuvhuhméu}

uvhwvh}} jv CJD wéuvrédyeukcj`gõo$ J

Rkonupj`hd/ j Uejdij éu jv CJD h`yÿ}}cź#

nòméuh öf ohah}Śué`hn ukwê} dyi}fj ch`/ j uvi#

dhwìj |wkfhn}hn honhvmŚm}hn/ cêw }jw}jdjn

j rivu`êoj}kn jv h`yÿ}}cźnòméu nÿoòdgòvŚuvid}fhiwh !ghuvhwvéu/ bhfohuv}éu/ }hwrhvéu) rk#

dj}nkvõjd$

Jv CJD Akomid`gjd né} bŚ eéèuk|kw} rjd/

jv h`yin ÿvoh}i uvhn}kw} j ajuvkd`é|fêwcź#

rhn/ j cêuinj} jv hdhwìji|jw jonk}fj$ J aj#

uvkdfêwcźrhn `yêw}êuêgjd jv CJD ]wxen "

Gxu bkw`jocj 9 ciooiêwm hxwõ} }h}} ni/ j méo#

jchwinji CJD eéèuk|kw}/ jv CJD Oj}id

Jchwiej 5/2 ciooiêwm hxwõ}$ Jv h`éuv CJD

euk|kw} bkw`jocj :2/8 ciooiêwm hxwõ/ hddhn

jv òuuvh`dhn j 08 uvêvjoénê} akv}j j ajuvkd#

fêwcźi|jw$

Jv CJD bŚ cêwnêi jv hxwõ|ji |ijekd jv

CJD éu j Dhk|ojd/ Oj}id#Jchwinêgjd j RP

Ejcikdaøhu Kdigxu/ Nãdêgjd |hmi` j Ui}#

wjn$

Jv CJD jv érhn ukwêd uknuvkw uknbéoh mãfj}

nj|k}}/ }ògguvòw rko} ]wxen kb }ah Yhjw/ Ekjea

kb }ah Yhjw/ Gxu kb }ah Yhjw `yŚv}hu/ Hxwõ|j#

gjfdkn j njcikd `ykwujuêì rhwuhdyhnhd/

}ògg jonjokccjo }ÿd}h}}én ni bkwcj}hwrhvé#

ui mãffjo/ oh`x}õgg é|| 7<::#ghd$

J bkw`jokc ch`kuvoêuê} }hnid}rh 80 uvêvjoé#

nk} !=2#:: ch`kuvoêugjd) }h}}hn ni j dhaév#/

iooh}rh nòvé|# éu nòddyźnj}h`õwiêu fêwcź#

rhn/ 7: uvêvjoénk} jv jb}hw ujohu éu jonj}wéuv#

uvko`êo}j}êukn/ :: uvêvjoénk} j gxuvkn/ 8 uvê#

vjoénk} j ck}kwkn+nkc|kdhduhn/ 2 uvêvjoé#

nk} j ajuvdêo} fêwcźrhn$

J bkw`jokcgj ahoyhvéuhnh} rivu`êorj 7<<9$

ér hohféd rko} j céoy|kd}/ jvõ}j ako dj#

`ykgg/ ako niuhgg céw}énź jv hchonhméu/

mh j 7<<1#ju uvid} cé` dj`ykd chuuvh rjd$

Dhc fhoohcvŚ riuvkd} j axooêcvêu jv CJD

|ijei wéuvhuhméuéwh/ jci }jrjoy Hxwõ|êgjd

!]òwònkwuvê` déonÿo) :0/9 uvêvjoén oh}}/ hvvho

jv CJD aj} h`ycêu} nòrh}Ś érghd bkoyjcj#

}kujd }xm}j dòrhodi |ijei wéuvhuhméué}$

J gxuvkn whìuv}wêeiõfê} rivu`êorj iu rko} riuv#

uvjhuéu j rêouê` imhféd/ mh dhc koyjd dj`y

céw}énź/ cid} j }hahw`é|fêwcźrhn |ijeêd/ j

gxuvuvhn}kwgjd 7<:<#ghd }òw}éd} j oh`#

nhrhuhgg hojmêu/ 8=15 jx}õgxuv}

éw}énhuã}h}}hn/ hv 7<::#ghd cêw

8008 mjwjg oh}}$ !7<<0#ghd

05=9 mjwjgk}$)

Jv CJD dj`y ajdùöoy}

bhn}h} j bhfoŚmŚ |ijekn#

wj/ j GWIE kwuvê`knwj nÿoòdòuhd$ 7<:7 gŚ#

rhonhmin CJD#hu huhcédyhnghd/ jnêw Gwj#

vãoiê}/ jnêw Kwkuvkwuvê`k}/ Idmiê} rj`y Nãdê}

}hnid}fÿn$

]jrjoy @whhd ]wxen 7<:: mãfj} nj|k}} jv CJD

]@Q Hbb ieihd}Oidh dyhw`hu rkd}j}õ$ ]huv#

}hn/ }j|juv}joj}kn i`jvko}ên jv jnêw 5 oi}hwhu

ÿvhcjdyj`#ch`}jnjwã}êu} :<< niokcé}h#

whdnéd}$ J 7<:<$ éri kn}õghwi ghcx}j}õ õ}j

7<:7$ bhgwxêwi` 2<17 ch`whdmhoéu éwnhvh}}

jv CJD#ahv hwwh j rkd}j}õwj$

Jv CJD éohd fêw jv iddkrj}ãr }headkoõìên

}hwÿoh}éd iu/ jv CJD Oikd’u Ei}y Aygwim 7<:<

õ}j uvéwiêgjd néuvÿo/ jv CJD ]@O :7$77<

Aygwim |wk}k}ã|xuj jv ÿ`ybéo|wõgênkd fõo

uvhwh|ho}/ j niuhgg ukwkvj}`yêw}êu födixugjd

nhvmŚmin$ Nkw}wifngjd j gxuvniêooã}êukd 7<::

Śuvéd mhgÿ}êo} j Oikd’u Ei}y Hxwk RI/ iméd

Ajddkrhwghd jv IJJ#d |hmi` jv CJD ghcx#

}j}fj jv Hxwk RI#ku öf ck}kwfê}$

Cidmhd }hwÿoh}hd dòrhnhméu

Cj`yjwkwuvê`kd uvid}éd :2/8 ciooiêwm rko} j

b kw`jokc ― i`jv bkwid}gjd éu dhc hxwõgjd

― fh`yhv}h ch` jv CJD Njcikd éu Gxuv Nh#

whunhmhoci Nb}$ ÿ`yrhvh}Ś i`jv`j}õfj$ HggŚo

j bkw`jokcgõo 15 uvêvjoéngjd wéuvhuÿo} j

ajuvkd`é|fêwcź#éw}énhuã}éu !öf }hahwfêwcź#

rhn 0:/ ajuvdêo} fêwcźrhn 9/ gxuv 5 uvêvjoén)/

:0 uvêvjoénnjo jv jb}hw ujohu uvko`êo}j}êukn/

jvjv j = CJD uvhwriv éu jonj}wéuv#éw}énhuã}éu$

J 7<:<#hu érahv riuvkdyã}rj cidmhd }hwÿoh#

}hd dòrhnhméu nòrh}nhvh}} gh$ !:$ }êgoêvj})

Jv hocöo} érghd dhceujn òdcj`êakv né#

|hu} cx}j}k}} giv}j}õ dòrhnhméu} jv CJD

ajvji né|riuhoh}h/ ajdhc j }òggi cêwnêakv

riuvkdyã}rj iu/ j 2 }kddj bhoh}}i nj}h`õwiêgjd

j :9/7 uvêvjoénku |ijei wéuvhuhméuérho j cê#

ukmin ahoyh} uvhwhv}h ch` Cj`yjwkwuvê`kd

j cêwnên —rhwuhdyéghd–$

Ch`öfxo} ÿ`ybéonj|eukoj}i whdmuvhw

J 7<::#hu huv}hdmŚ} éw}énhorh Bjmhwo Whid#

ajwm hcoã}éu} }h}} jv HGUB |wk`wjcwõo/ j fòrŚ

hxwõ|ji gxuvwhdmuvhwh |wkfhn}wŚo/ jchoydhn

nhwh}éd ghoÿo h`y CJD Oikd’u Ei}y @O jx}õ#

gxuv 9 aõdj|kd nhwhuv}ÿo uinhwhuhd rh}} wéuv}

Gxmj|hu} nòvòuuéì nòvohnhméuéghd/ j bŚrê#

wku h`yin oh`dhahvhgg gxuvfêwj} ö}rkdjoêd/ j

}j|juv}joj}knnjo iu akvvêfêwxorj j fòrŚ nòvòu#

uéì nòvohnhméuédhn nijojnã}êuêakv$

Uinhwhudhn }hnid}ah}Ś Cj`yjwkwuvê`kd iu jv

CJD ]@Q Hbbieihd}Oidh ghrhvh}éuh$ Uvid}éd

jv hocöo} érahv nò}ah}Ś/ ak`y cêu joj|kn#

wj ahoyhv}én jv ÿ`ybéonj|eukoj}i whdmuvhw}$

Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 ▿ Whbohn}kw52

Bjmhwo Whidajwm6

Jv êo}jox dn

}òwvujuv}jodjn

dhrhvh}} nò}h}ohd

}joêonkvõn

jv ÿ`ybhohn

éu j né|riuhoh}

cxdnêfê} h`yjwêd}

uh`ã}in

Nhwhunhmhohc éu uvko`êo}j}êu ▿Dhcvh}nòvi éu ajvji huhcédyhn

HWHMCÉDYHNÉU ÖFMKDUÊ@KN

Whdmuvhwhu ÿ`ybéo}joêonkvõn/

uvhwriv cêw uvkcgj}kd iu/ céo}êdykuuêì }êck`j}êu

Jv CJD UH/ jv CJD ]wxen " Gxu éu jv CJD Njcikd éu Gxuv Nhwhunhmhoci Nb}$uvêcêwj 7<:: h`yjwêd} uinhwhu ér rko} ― nhvm}h }êfénkv}j}õfê} Bjmhwo Whidajwm/

jv CJD Njcikd éu Gxuv Nhwhunhmhoci Nb}$ ÿ`yrhvh}Ś i`jv`j}õfj j njcikd

`ykwujuêì bx}jcknkd uvé| hwhmcédyhnnho gÿuvnéonhmah}Ś KQQK euj|j}}jo }jw}k}}

nòvòu whdmhvrédyhd$ Hv jonjokcwj jvéw} nhwÿoah}h}} h`yÿ}} ukw/ chw} j ]wxen Wjeh

Hxwõ|j#gjfdkni bx}jcjid CJD rhwuhdynjcikddjo rh}} wéuv} uinhwhuhd jv KQQK

euj|j}$

:$ }êgoêvj}

Fêwcź }ã|x u 7<:< 7<:: Ν^(S

]hahw`é|fêwcź !mg) 528 22< .1:

Gxuv !mg) = 2 .8<

Ajuvdêo} }hahw`é|fêwcź !mg) :92 701 .=7

Bkw`jokc !jb}hw ujohu/ hvhw B}) 7 2:9 7<: 7 1:5 :0: .0

Bkw`jokc !hvhw B}) :: 105 9:1 :2 85= 1<7 .59

Jonjocjvk}}jn :<5 :<5 ―

Jmõvêu hoŚ}}i hwhmcédy !hvhw B}) =02 <=7 0:1 280 .8:

Cj`yjwkwuvê`kd iu

uinhwhu rko} jv CJD

]@Q Hbbieihd}Oidh

ghrhvh}éuh

CJD



Whdmuvhwhu ÿ`ybéo}joêonkvõnj} }jw}jdjn jv

kwuvê` nÿoòdgòvŚ |kd}fjid/ j nòvrh}ohd huv#

cheuhwh/ j nò}h}ohd ghuvéo`h}éuhn akvvêuh#

`ã}in j né|riuhoh} cxdnj}êwuji} jaakv/ ak`y

jv CJD#ÿ`ybhohn uinhwhuhgghn ohahuuhdhn

rêoojonkvêujingjd !jci |hwuvh aj}êuujo gãw jv

CJD Njcikd éu Gxuv Nhwhunhmhoci Nb}$ hwhm#

cédyhiwh iu)$

Ch`rêo}kvk}} horêwêukn Uvéoo ]jcêu/ jv CJD Njcikd éu Gxuv Nhwhu#

nhmhoci Nb}$ uvhwrivaêoõvj}i i`jv`j}õfj }ê#

fénkv}j}õfêgjd hockdm}j ak`y j fêwcźrhn

aj}énkdyuê`j ukn }édyhvŚ}Śo bÿ``$ Rjddjn

koyjdkn/ jchoyhnwh dideu wêaj}êuj j bxrj#

wkvõ rêoojonkvõdjn/ hvhn j nÿoòdgòvŚ jmõn/

giv}kuã}êukn/ ö}mãfjn$ Hvhdbhoÿo jvkdgjd j

nòo}ué`hn fhohd}Śu wéuvh i`hd nkckoy ch`#

}jnjwã}êui ohah}Śué`h} }jw}k`j}$ \éomêxo j

ré`vhdmŚ bhojmj}kndjn ohìdnêgg ch`bhoh#

oŚ fêwcź nirêojuv}êuj/ j fêwcź bidjduvãwkvêuj/

j uvhwrivnòo}ué`hn/ jgwkdeukn euhwéfh$

Nòvho né} érh iuchwnhm}ÿdn ch` jv CJD Hb#

bieihd}Oidh dyhw`hu rkd}j}õfêrjo/ jchooyho jv

CJD jv} mhckdu}wêofj/ ci cidmhddho ohah}

ÿvhcjdyj`k} ch`}jnjwã}jdi$ Fõo cx}j}djn/

mh hdhwìê} hcéuv}hdhn bho j nÿoòdgòvŚ

|oxuv rioê`ã}êui ghwhdmhvéuhn$ J oé`hoohdêo#

oêu fhohd}Śu }édyhvŚ j bk`yjuv}êugjd/ j u|ki#

ohwhn fõ ghêooã}êuêrjo/ j mãuvfhooh`ź }êw`yjn

hoaj`yêuêrjo/ j uhghuué` jnêw 8 nc+õwêrjo

rjoõ euònnhd}éuérho ohah}ué`hu nòo}ué`hnh}

ch`}jnjwã}jdi$

J fêwcź ujfê} }òch`h cidéo niuhgg/ jddêo

}ògg wjnkcêdy riah}Ś ho rhoh !ghddh)$ Dhc

nhréugé bkd}ku j }jnjwénkuuê`gjd j `òwmÿoé#

ui hoohdêooêu$ Cé` cidmi` uknjd rjddjn/ jnin

bi`yhochd nãrÿo aj`yfên jv jgwkdeukn hoŚãw}

dykcêuêdjn whdmuvhwhu hoohdŚwvéué}/ |hmi`

dhc nhréu ÿvhcjdyj` u|õwkoaj}õ ch` j

ch`bhohoŚ jgwkdeudykcêu gh}jw}êuêrjo$

MãvhomheingŚo òuuvhfò}} oi}hwhn J bhoukwko}jn x`yjd eujn mheioi}hwhnh} fhohd#

}hdhn/ mh j dj||joi chdh}bédy ajuvdêoj}ê#

gõo/ j dj|bédyrémŚ/ j oé`nÿw}!òn)/ j |oxuv

bédyuvõwõn hoaj`yêuêgõo/ jv komjo}jnjwõ

|jdho chòé}égŚo/ j euònnhd}h}} òduöoy#

gõo/ j 18 nc+õwêu uhghuué`nkwoê}kvêugõo/ jv

hdhwìj}jnjwénku jgwkdeukn ajuvdêoj}êgõo/

jv jgwkdeudykcêufhovéugŚo jmõmõ h`y#né}#

aêwkc mheioi}hwhngŚo :<< niokcé}hwhdnéd}

jnêw 5/< oi}hw ÿvhcjdyj` iu ch`}jnjwã}aj#

}õ$ Hv h`y ér joj}} }h}hchu chddyiué`/ jnêw

=8<< oi}hw iu ohah}/

dé`y ér joj}} |hmi`

jnêw 77 <<< hxwõrjo

iu nhrhuhggh} ohah}

mãvhowh nibivh}di$ Hoé`

bi`yhohcwh céo}õ

j }hwcéuvh} dyhwh#

ué`h iu/ jv Hbbieihd}#

Oidh dyhw`hu rkd}j#

}õ h`y ér joj}} :: 158

n`/ jvjv }ògg cid}

:: }kddj ni|xbk`k}}

uvéd#mikqim}õo nãcé#

oi ch` j nòwdyhvh}h}$

Cêw uvêc}jojduvkw/

mh ö`y }źdin/ cé`

cidmi` dhc hoéùvhw ajd`vk}} ho/ ak`y h`y

!rj`y }ògg) fêwcź rêuêwoêujnkw ukaj dh j

nkdnwé} ghuvhwvéui êw oh`yhd eujn mòd}Ś/

akuuvö }êrwj nhoo `kdmkonkvdi/ jv ÿvhcho}h#

}éui imŚ} éwmhchu uvhc hoŚ}} }jw}jdi$

Jcinkw ch`éwnhvin jv joj|ku céwoh`hoéu éu

uvêckoêu x}êd nirêojuv}k}} fêwcź/ nòrh}nh#

vin h`y öfjgg bhojmj}6 j fêwcźrhvh}Śn hocé#

oh}i éu `yjnkwoj}i né|véuh/ aiuvhd j oh`nkw#

uvhwźgg }headinj dyöf}k}}j hoŚdyònh} eujn

koyjd ukbŚwòn }xmfên niajuvdêodi/ jnin }iuv#

}êgjd rjddjn j fêwcź }xojfmkduê`jirjo$ Jv

k|}icêoiu rhvh}éui u}ãoxu }jnjwénku rhvh}éu}/

akuuvö fêwcźéoh}h}/ nhrhuhgg fjrã}êui nòo}ué#

`h}/ j nhrhuhgg êooêuimŚ cij}} dj`ykgg aj}é#

nkdyuê`k} —knkv–$

Òwònvòom }écj6 uvjnuvhwriv/ hwhmh}i jon j}wéuv Uvéoo ]jcêu cidmi` bhoaãrfj j bxrjwkvõn bi#

`yhocé}/ j fõo ch`rêojuv}k}} fêwcź/ j né|#

vh}} ukbŚw chooh}} j njwgjd}jw}êukn/ j fjrã}ê#

ukn fhohd}Śué`é} uhc uvjgjm ohgheuÿodi$ Cj#

`yjwkwuvê`kd = ujfê} CJD uvhwriv mko`kvin

Mxdjajwjuv}igjd/ @yŚwghd/ \éeuh}} éu ]iuvj#

öfrêwkugjd/ wjf}xn nãrÿo cé` 8 uvhwriv|jw}#

dhw rêwfj jv CJD fêwcźrhnh}/ Uvi`h}uvhd}#

cinoõukd/ Mhgwhehdghd/ Vjojh`hwuvh`hd/

Uvkcgj}ahoyhd éu Uvh`hmhd$

Cêfxu}õo }hofhuhd öf uvko`êo}j}êuujo rêoj#

uvko}jn j uvhwrivhn j bxrjwkvõn i`édyhiwh6 j

= ujfê} uvhwriv cêw uvkcgj}kd iu dyi}rj }jw}$

Hvvho ukn imŚ} dyhwah}dhn j bxrjwkvõn/ j fêw#

cźrh} |éd}hn hu}i` ohah} riddi uvhwrivgh/

aé}bŚd wh``ho |hmi` ê}rhah}Ś/ idmxoaj} iu

cxdnêgj$

J uvjnuvhwrivhn hoŚdyhi} uhc }xmfên hoé`#

uvhw ajdùöoykvdi j uvjnhcghwhn/ jv}/ ak`y

jvkngjd `yêwi }headkoõìêrjo mko`kvdjn/

j uvjnhcghw`êwmj bkoyjcj}kujd né|véuh#

nhd rhuv wéuv}/ jv idbkwcêeiõn dj|wjnéuvhn/

`yêwi uvkb}rhwhn/ eéouvhwuvêckn uh`ã}in j }h#

rénhdyué`h}$ Hxwõ|êgjd :7<< CJD uvhwriv

cźnòmin/ hv j uvêc òdcj`êéw} ghuvéo$

Jv ÿ`ybhohnh} uh`ã}hdmŚ fò}} oé}wh j céo}ê#

dykuuêì }êck`j}êu$ Hv} j uvko`êo}j}êu} jvkd#

gjd eujn jvkd ÿ`ybhohndhn }xmfj bhojfêdojdi

jv CJD/ jnin CJD uvjnuvhwrivghd ré`hv}h#

}in j njwgjd}jw}êuknj}/ j }êck`j}êu nivêwõoj`

uvjnuvhwrivhnghd rhah}Ś i`édygh$

Iméd dhc eujn j uvkcgj}i dyi}rj }jw}êu jv

h`yh}ohd öfmkduê` j uvhwrivhnghd/ x`yjdiu

}ògg/ niuhgg#dj`ykgg |wkfhn}h} rj`y cêw

hoidmã}k}}jn/ rj`y cé` j nòvhofòrŚghd id#

mã}jdjn j uvhwrivuvko`êo}j}êukn cidŚué`é#

dhn fjrã}êuj éwmhnéghd$ Hggh j }òwhnréugh j

`ykwuã}k}}/ uvjnuvhwźgg cxdnjbhoré}ho/ jv id#

`yhdhu pibi j rêwjnkvõ ÿ`ybhohndhn é||ö`y

ghoh}jw}kvin/ cid} j uvhcéoyhuhgg nj|euk#

oj}}jw}êu/ j nkccxdinêeiõu euj}kwdên hwŚuã#

}éuh/ j oh`fkgg êw#éw}én jwêdy/ jv jneiõn uvé#

ohuhgg nòwghd }òw}édŚ iuchw}h}éuh$

H`y öf cxdnj}êwu bhojmj}j jv ÿ`ybéooê}k`j#

}êu oh}}/ Ś dhc jv éw}énhuã}éu/ ajdhc jv jb}hw

ujohu éu uvhwriv rkdjokd `yźf}i jv CJD#}xojf#

mkdkukn}õo/ ÿvhcho}h}Śn}Śo jv idbkwcêeiõ#

nj}$ Jv CJD uvjnhcghwhi |hmi` i`yhnhvdhn

j nkdnwé} i`édyhnwh }hu}wh uvjgk}} rêojuvk#

nj} jmdi/ ch`komêu} bhojfêdojdi$

Bõnxuvgjd j cidŚuéÙvéoo ]jcêu niajdùöoykv}j/ j |wécixc nj}h#

`õwiêu fêwcź eujn jnnkw cjwjm |wécixc nj#

}h`õwiêu/ jchddyighd fjrã}êu ukwêd ch`bhoh#

oŚ cidŚué`ź jonj}wéuvhnh} é|ã}hdhn gh$ J |i#

jekd i`hd fhohd}Śu j nãdêoj} j nÿoòdgòvŚ hwh#

mh}ź jonj}wéuvhngŚo$ Dhc aj`yaj}õ b i`yho#

chd nãrÿo6 jv jonj}wéuvêwjn jv òuuvnòo}ué`hn#

ghd cidmòuuvh 5 uvêvjoénk} fhohd}hdhn$ Hvhd

dhc éwmhchu u|õwkodi/ nkenêv}j}di chài#

gêukmêu} j rhoh fêwõ nhoohch}ohd jdyjì nò#

rh}nhvcédyhnnho$ Cidmhdné||hd jfêdoj}ku

`yêwi jonj}wéuv} ajuvdêodi/ chw} jvkn bkoyj#

cj}ku cidŚué`#hoohdŚwvéuhd hudhn ê}/ cid#

mhd }hnid}h}ghd j fêwcź akuuvö }êrö/ ch`#

gãvaj}õ cźnòméué} jwjd}êofên$

Gjohuh} ujfdku gêwcinkw ch`huah}$ Ioyhdnkw

uh`ã}ué` jv h`éuv érghd 7= õwêd ê}/ aé}ré#

`énhd éu ÿddh|dj|knkd dyi}rj }jw}õ uvjn#

uvhwrivhn/ jchoyhn uvêcj Hxwõ|êgjd jv hc#

oã}h}} :7<<$ Jv ÿ`ybhohndhn j uh`ã}ué`dyöf#

}êu} dj`ycéw}énghd ch``ykwuã}fj jv ö`ydh#

rhvh}} bivh}éui `jwjdeijrêoojoêu/ jchoy dideu

dj|uvjnakv nò}rh/ jnêw éfuvjnji chàigêuk#

mêu huh}éd iu —éo–$

\j|| Hwvuégh}

Whbohn}kw ▿ Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 50

J gxmj|hu}ihn ajcjw ch`nhmrho}én jv HGUB |wk`wjckd ghoÿo éwnhvh}}/

niohde aõdj|kd ê} j bŚrêwkugjd nòvohnhmŚ CJD Oikd’u Ei}y euxnoõu gxuv}

Uvéoo ]jcêu6

7<:7#ghd }ògg/

j rhrŚuvko`êoj}}jo

nj|eukoj}ku

|wk`wjck }

idmã}k}}xdn



jfdku j ch`nòvhoã}éu cjdj|uê` cé`jn}xêoiujgg/ cid} rjojaj/ aiuvhd jv

ÿvhcjdyj` êwjn j nkwêggjd honé|vhoah}h}#ohd cj`juuê`kngj uvòn}hn$ Hoéw}h jv} j uvid#}h}/ ak`y cj cêw h`y ajuvkdfêwcź ÿvhcho#}h}éui nòo}ué`hidhn ch`nòvhoã}Śoh` jv 8<(#ê} }huvi ni j `êvkojf#bhoajuvdêoêu j nkwêggiérhnghd }j|juv}jo} 5<#58(#jo uvhcghd$J Rkork Axd`êwij j }jrjoyi rhwuhdy }j|juv#}joj}ji} bi`yhohcgh rérh niu céw}énghd cõ#mkuã}k}}j j rhwuhdy uvjgêoyji}$ Hvhn j rêo}k#vêukn cidmhd uvhc|kd}gõo hoŚdyéwh rêo#}kv}j}}ên j whdmhvrédy}/ aiuvhd uknnjo éoh}#uvhwźgg/ j aé}nòvdj|knakv dj`ygjd aj#ukdoõ nòwÿocédyhnh} }hwhc}h}}hn j bx}jckn ukwêd$ J }jrjoyi érahv ajukdoõjd fõcj`jciu idmxo}jc rhwuhdyvŚnéd}/ mh ujfdku iucé}eujn j oh`fkgg :7 !hoŚmòd}Śuòn) nòvé uinhwÿo}ghfx}dkc$

▿ J rhwuhdy chdh}h ― J rhwuhdy jv iméd iuh`y id}hwdh}hu whìuv}wêeiõrjo nhvmŚmò}}$ Hv}nòrh}Śhd }ògg aé} êoo} whdmhonhvéuwh/ ak`y j78 |kd}ku }huv}hoŚu bhojmj}ukwwj ch`jmfj jrêojuvknj} j fhohd}nhvŚ$ J néwméuukw ni}òo}Śinòvÿo rêojuv}k}}ên ni iméd iu j uvhwrhvŚn joh`fkgg 7<< rêojuvjmõ}$ Ŝn rko}jn jvkn/jnin whìuv}wêoaj}}jn j Rkork Axd`êwij Nb}$uvhwriv|kd}fjid chàiwmh}h}} hoŚmòd}Śnwh$Cidmhdni cj`j mòd}ò}}h ho/ choyin bhonãdêo}imŚ|kd}wj éu ahoyuvãdwh fhohd}nhvin$J rhvh}éuhn = }ònéoh}huhd h`ybkwcj/ céùvãdghd iu h`yhvŚ/ 57 }kddj òuuv}òch`źdyhw`hu uvhwhoréddyho vjfok}}jn$ J }jrjoyiérahv ajukdoõjd õwêdnéd} idmxo}jn déaêdy|hwehu imŚho}koêuujo j fêwcźrhn$ Chàj}ê#wkvk}}/ rhwuhdyahoyuvãdhdnéd} nÿoòdgòvŚ58#8< niokcé}hwhu ö}rkdjojnj} nhooh}} }hofh#uã}hdi chàj}êwkvk}} imŚ joj}} j ohah}Ś oh`#cidicêoiujgg ÿvhcjdyj`#bk`yjuv}êuujo jwéuv}rhrŚ |ioõ}êndjn$ J fêwcźrhnh} idmxoêuhoŚ}} ukwuko}xn ni h`ycêu nòvò}}/ aiuvhd ã`yrko} giv}kuã}rj j uvhwhorédy réoh}ohduvhwź#ué`h jv h`yhu chdh}hnhd$ J oh`bkd}kujgg

rêo}kvêu jv hoŚvŚ érhnahv né|hu}/ ak`y juvhwrhvŚn rjoõu chdh}}hc|õakv uvêcã}k}#}ên ni jv} jv imŚid}hwrjooxck}/ jchoy joj}}}hofhuã}hdi nhooh}} j bx}jcknj}$ Hvvho hoéw}én jv}/ ak`y jchooh}}/ ak`y j oh`bkd}kujgg jvÿvhcjdyj`#}jnjwénkuuê` rko}/ céìu rjoõuaé}nòvdj|i 1<#18 nc+õwêu uhghuué``ho nho#oh}} ajojmdi$ Dhc rko} }ò}ycòw`éu éu bkw`j#okcjnjmêoykvêu$ Hv nibhfhvh}}hd éorhvh}hu#ué éu iv`jocjuuê }h}}h j rhwuhdyvéu}$ Bkd#}ku rêo}kvêu rko} jv iu/ ak`y j }jrjoyidêo dj#`ykgg }òch``ho }hwaho}én jv huvnòvònh}$ Hv}hofhuhd cêu rhwuhdyu}wj}éìê} nòrh}ho} ch`j wéuv}rhrŚn}Śo$ Ioyhd }òch`jmj}knnjo/ ukn#njo cj`jujgg bkwmxoj}kd nhooh}} horé`hvdi j`ykwuxoêu}/ j ck}kwbkf}êu iméd cêw dhc rko} fõ }jn}inj$ J mko`kn ré`égh rê`rj jv} nhoockdmjdkc/ ak`y cj`jc iu ch`mògghd#}hc jvkd/ ak`y 1<#15 nc+ õwêu uhghuué`déoiu 7=#78 oi}hwhu nòwònh} bx}k}}xdn }ògghd iu j}ògg cid} 5< }kddêu huvnòvònnho$ Jv} aiuvhchv cidmhd né}honhmŚ} ch``yŚv jwwõo/ ak`yj Rkork }édyoh` h`y ÿvhcjdyj`#}jnjwénku fêwcź$ Chòê}êukc uvhwid} j uvÿoh}h}} hwhm#cédyhn jv} iu i`jvkofên/ ak`y cioyhd bkd}kuuvhwh|h rjd j fêwcźrhvh}Śi né|véuhndhn/ ai#uvhd ioyhd hwhmcédy} eux|êd j cöo} fêwcź#rhid uvhwvh}} }j|juv}joj}knnjo dhc ohah} ho#éwdi* I`hdiu bkd}ku j }krêggné|véu*▿HoŚuhoh f}hvŚn ― Cidmhd =#hu idmxoêugõoj oh`nhrhuhgg ÿvhcjdyj`k} bhoajuvdêoõrhwuhdyvŚ fx}k}} }krêgg jv hoŚmòd}ŚgŚoj nòvé|mòd}Śgh/ j cêuin aêwkc uvhcéoynihuh}}$ Hv j uvjgêoy jvéw} rko} |wjn}inxu/chw} ã`y dj|uvjndjn ch`bhohoŚhd j = fêwcźajukdoõ imŚfêwêui éu bkw`joci riuvkdykn nòvò}} nòvohnhmh}}$ ]haê} ajukdoõjn rko}jn jbho}é}hohn$ HggŚo nibkoyõoj` hoŚbkwmxo}/ ak`yh`y hwŚuhgg =#hu euk|kw}gõo }krêgg fx}õ|ioõ}j jnêw 7#5 oi}hwwho fkgg hwhmcéddyho fx}k} } h`yho cj`jujgg uvid}wh/ cid} |o$h`y `yhd`égg =#hu euk|kw}gõo ninhwÿoŚnkooé`êfj$ Bkd}ku rêo}kvêu rko} jv hoŚvŚérahv riuvkdyã}rj jv iu/ ak`y jni j ch`jmk}}imŚd }öo éwnhvh}} riuuvj j niidmxoêui |kd}wj/jv} dhc vêw}ên ni j rhwuhdygŚo/ ajdhc|hwehdnéd} béo oi}hw ÿvhcjdyj`k} uvêcko}jn bho gÿd}h}éunéd}$ ]haê} 7 |hwe néuéu/ h`y oi}hw|oxuv} fhohd}h}} jv jmk}} rhwuhdyvŚdhn jv hoéw}hwhmcédyéahv$ HoŚbkwmxo}/ ak`y nkooé`ên cé` gÿd}h}éuuho iu }krêgg }xm}jn fx}di jv

jmk}} =#hu euk|kw}fxngõo$▿Nò vé|mòd}Ś ― J nòvé|mòd}Ścêw Gxmj|hu}hd vjfok}} /h`yué`huhd cidmhdnidhn

Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 ▿ Whbohn}kw51

U

:$ J wéìõu mòd}Ś bŚmãfj 7$ Cź}hwahoéu5$ Bx}jc idmxo =$ Rhwuhdy nòvghd

UkbŚwrhwuhdy

—CIDMHD EUH\\ UVÊCÃ]*–Rkork ]wxenu ― hcghw éu `é| `yŚvhoch

Cêukmfêwj whdmhv}h ch` iméd j Rkork ]wxenu cj`yjwkwuvêì né|riuhoh}h j Rkork

Axd`êwij Nb}$ njcikdrhvh}Śndhn uvõoõ/ }jrjoy cé` —Hek Mwirhw– dérhd iuchw}

rhwuhdyé}$ J eéoni}źvéu iucé} jv rko}/ ak`y j dj|fjidngjd dj`y ajdùöoy} nj|k}}

ÿvhcjdyj`#}jnjwénkuuê` nhwÿofòd hoŚ}éwgh/ jvkd ghoÿo iu jv/ ak`y cioyhd aj}êuujo/

ghbkoyêuujo rjd j `é|fêwcźrhvh}Ś jv ÿvhcjdyj`#bhoajuvdêoêuwj$

:

7 5 =



cêfxu 8#éd uvkcgj}kd$ Imh j oh`fkgg =1

|ioõ}j nhwÿoah}h}} gh$ Hv jv} fhohd}h}}h/

ak`y j nòvé|mòd}Ś joj}} :7#uvhw idmxo} ho

j = fêwcź j ch`céwh}}h}éuwh$ J u}wxn}öwj

i}} iu ch`h`yhvh}} jv hoŚuhohf}hvŚrho$

]haê} cidmhd =#hugŚo j oh`fkgg fx}k}} j

mòd}Śgh/ jvjv òuuvhuhd :7 bŚ$ Jv ö}rkdjo j

nòvé|mòd}Ś huh}éd Gxmj|hu} Eidnk}ji ö}

idmxoêui ahoyuvãdwŚo―C<―C5:―@òmòooŚ―

C5 Gxmj|hu} iwêdy―C<―G|$ Eidnk}ji ö} nòw

ch`}é}hoh rko}$ J oh`fkggjn 7=/1#78/2 oi}hwhu

bk`yjuv}êuujo }hofhuã}h}}én j micghu#mkcgku

ö}rkdjoj}$

▿HoŚmòd} Ś#mòd}Ś ― Jv hoŚmòd}Ś cêudj|

cêfxu 2#êd rjuêwdj|/ Rkork uvjncji dj|

nhwh}hid ghoÿo vjfok}} j uvh`hmi Rkork gêviukd$

J :7 rhwuhdyvŚ jv hoŚmòd}Śd iu 5 uvjnjuvgjd

idmxo} dhni j = fêwcźrho j ch`céwh}}h}éudhn$

Jv ö}rkdjo Uvh`hm Rkork Uvhwriv―wéì 8#òu

ö}kd Wòuvnh iwêdyêgj―cjfm C8―C=5―8#òu

ö}rkdjokd riuuvj j u}jw}ahoyahv$ Jv idmxoõn

nòvÿo iucé} eujn j oh`fkgg fx}k}} }krêgg

j uvx|hwmòd}Śgh/ jako cêw eujn aêwcjd

cjwjm}jn$ Fõcj`jc j :7 bŚu hoŚmòd}Śghd

hu}hc ni$ Dhc réoh}ohdÿo/ aiuvhd jv éd

euk|kw}kcgõo nhwÿo} ni j néuŚggi dyhw}hu iu$

Hv x}êd dhc cjwjm} cêu aê}wj/ cid} j 5 mòd#

}Śu bx}jcj/ ak`y nijojnxofkd j réòh`hu ukw#

whdm$ Jnin j uvx|hwmòd}Śgh nhwÿo}hn/ iucé}

nêw}yjaövêuujo ukwuko}ên ni cj`xn nòvò}} j

fêwcźrhnh}/ cjfm ch`rãr}ên j mòd}Ś} j ré`#

oh`hu hwhmcédyéw}$

J dyhwhcédyhn jv iméd iu rkdvõjn rko}jn/

aiuvhd jv houŚ aêwkc ahoyhvh}} h`y#h`y :<0

ec#hu OHM#]R#rho }éwah}h}} ajvj$ Hvhd nãrÿo

jv houŚ ahoyhvh}} }krêgg fx}k}} j \wê`êgjd

ch`whdmhvéuwh nhwÿoŚ wéìõu mòd}Śgh/ jako

= kwuvê` oh`fkggfjirjo céwah}i òuuvh }xmê#

uê}$ K}} j bŚmãf h`y Rkork QE 5< uvhcéoyjx}õ

ohuv$ Cidmhd imhi wéuv}rhrŚ dhréghd uvxwnk#

okn dhni*

▿Mòd}ŚuŚn ― J réòh`hu ukwwhdm bhoêooêuj

uvkwku hwhmcédyhngŚo jojnxo} ni$ J mkgk`õ

houŚ né} bknê} j Ghdevin }hu}réwhn bkòjo}ên

ho$ Nkdnwé}jd Ghdevin Bhwhde :$ ahoyhvh}}

75/25 oi}hw+:<< nc bk`yjuv}êui éw}énnho/

Ghdevin Vko}êd 7$ ahoyhvh}} 75/1: oi}hw+:<<

nc hwhmcéddyho éu j }jrjoyi `yŚv}hu/

Uickd Vko}êd bok}}j}xojfmkdku hvö}}jo j

}hnid}éoyhu 5$ ahoywh nhwÿo} 7=/72 o+:<< nc#hu

hwhmcéddyho$ Cidmaêwkc mòd}Śu }ògguvòw

wéuv}rh}} cêw j Rkork é|fêwcźrhvh}Ś kn}j}õ

}wédid`féd$ Ghdevin Bhwhde né|riuhoah}i }haê}

Cj`yjwkwuvê`k} j |wê`ji wéìõu mòd}Śghd/

jako = kwuvê` houŚ ahoyhvh}}fhirho céwah}i

òuuvh }xmêuê}/ rhwuhdygh uvêoorj j Rkork

QE 5< uvhcéoyjx}õéw}$ Ukn uinhw} nãrêdxdn

dhni*

▿ J r hwuhdy oé}fk`kuxo}uê`j/ hoŚdyhi/aê}wêdyji ― J rhwuhdy iucé} }jdxouê`ku

rko}/ aiuvhd öfwj ch`}xmaj}}xn/ ak`y `é| éu

ukbŚw òuuvajd`fj ci} gãw h`ycêugõo niakvdi/

mh hvö}}jo cé` dj`ykgg }hwahoéuuho/ éu rjoõu

chdh}}hc|õrjo$ Uvjncjioj` éu cźuvjnioj`

h`yjwêd} chòh|Śhd jojeukdy ÿvhcjdyj`#

bhoajuvdêoêui éw}énhn nhoh}nhv}hn jv imhi

rhwuhdy joj}} iu$

J uvhwrhvŚn j }jrjoyi ér }jdxouê`ji uvhwid}

cõmkuã}k}}ên hoŚdyòuhggwh j uvjgêoyknj}$

Hvvho hoéw}én jv}/ ak`y j rhwuhdy uknnjo fkg#

gjd ajukdoã}k}} j rjoõu nòvohnhméui u}ãoxuwj/

}hc|õwj$ Jv h`yhu rhwuhdyuvjnjuvknwj jmk}}

chdh}imŚn dhc hd`hm}én ch` jv idmknk#

oj}ojd ojuuö ajojmêu}/ j rhvh}Śÿoéuhn chooé

uvhwho} njchwên giv}kuã}k}}ên/ ak`y j NWHUV

uvjgêoyji} gh}jw}uên !ri}êu huh}ghd givkdyã}õ

hwhfź ohah}h}} rkodj j bhoré}ho)$ Uvhwhdeuéwh

hwwh dhc rko} uvÿnué`$ J rhwuhdyvŚn |hmi`

ghgivkdyã}k}}ên/ ak`y h`y fõo u|heibinêo} fêw#

cźrho éu j fêwcź jm}j cźuvjni ohah}Śué`hn

cjqicêoiu niajuvdêoêuêrjo/ rjojcid} cj`ju

uvid}ź rhvh}éui }xmêuujo/ dj`ykd nkckoy

ÿvhcjdyj`#ch`}jnjwã}êukn éwah}Śn ho/ ö`y/

ak`y jv ê}ojùhghuué` dhc/ rj`y eujn hoaj#

dyj`koaj}õ céw}énghd rêo}kvin$

▿ J —rhwuhdyjx}õn– ― J Rkork Axd`êwij

= mg }hofhuhd h`ybkwcj =2< oõhwŚu/

I#uaib} jx}kcj}ivêo} rêo}õrjo éu Hekdkcy

uvkb}rhwwho hooê}k}}/ h`ybkwcêd :0 }kddêrjo

}hwaho} BA#uvhwhorédy} giv}kuã}k}} j rhwuhdy

ohgkdykoã}êuêakv$

J |õ}nkeuin h`yué`huhd Ueaci}v `yêw}cê#

dyöjn rko}jn/ bÿ``òdyòu }h}Ś# éu komjo|kdy#

rêrjo/ }hoh aê}uõ jf}õrjo$ Iméd dhc rko} hcho#

ah}Ś j |õ}nkeui houŚ }hd`hoyh/ mh hv dhc iu

oh}} rkodj aj}êuujo j rhwuhdywh/ aiuvhd nòvho

:0 }kddêu }hwahoéu huh}éd cidmaêwkc }hd#

`hoywh uvÿnué` rjd j rkd}j}cêdykd$ J cź#

}hwahoéu} uvjnuvhwźhd wò`vã}h}} gh}kdnkenên

jonk}}ên$

J rkd}j}õn/ |éomê} cx}j}rj j ahoyhu u|hei#

binêeiõwj/ }hofhu oé`}hwhoŚwhdmuvhwwho whdmho#

nhv}hn$ Dhc cjwjm} ni jv jo#

rêvj} gxwnkoõ komjo u|kiohw

uhc$ Jv iméd dhc cjwjm} ho j

}h}Śu|kiohwhn uvjnuvhwź ghêo#

oã}êuj uhc/ j `yêwi hoŚãwêu uvh#

wid}$ J fêwcźrhnh} Rkork My#

djbohh} whdmuvhwwho iu hooê}}ên$

Hv giv}kuã}k}}j j uvhwhorédyhn

}éwné|hd rjoõ dykckd nòrh#

}éué} éu j bk`yjuv}êui hwhmcédyhn dj`y |kd#

}kuuê`ö niéw}énhoéué} iu$

▿ Òuuv h`véu ― J Rkork Axd`êwij Nb}$

nÿomh}éuh jv iméd iu ajukdoõ rko} j }jrjoyiakv$

Rj`yiu ghgivkdyã}jdi jv}/ ak`y h`y bhojmj}wj

fõo u|h eib inêo} fêw cźrho éu fõo né|vh} }

|ioõ}ênnjo chddyiwh jojeukdy bk`yjuv}êui

hwhmcédyhnh} iu ho ohah} éwdi/ cé` dj`y

}hwahoéuź uvhwhorédyhnnho iu$ J nÿomh}éu

uinhwÿo}/ aiuvhd j }ògg cid} 5< }kddêu

fêwcźrhnnho j dj`y bok}}êndêo chùvjgk}}

ÿwhu ÿvhcjdyj`dkwcênj} joi`#joi` ch`#

ajojmõ bk`yjuv}êui éw}énhn uvÿoh}}hn$ H}}Śo

uvhgg givkdyã}én dhc iu nhoo jv éwrhn chooé$

Jv iu ghi`jvkoõmk}} }ògg chdh}ghd iu/ ak`y

cioyhd ukn cöoin j `é|nkeuirhvh}Śd$ Jv

hoŚmòd}Śn joj}} x`yjdjggjd j bx}jcgjd

=#8 oi}hw+:<< nc bk`yjuv}êui nÿoòdgué`hn

iu nhoh}nhv}hn j rhwuhdyvŚn nòvò}}$ Hv ajri

}ãvhvhw niokcé}hwhu bx}êu}hofhuã}céddyho

uvêckorj gkwvjuv}õ dj`y òuuvh`h} fhohd}$

Hvhd j nÿoòdgué`hd uknj} fjrã}aj} jv/ aj j

bok}}j}xojfmkdkukn whdmuvhwhuhd i`édygh

rhuvin j Rkork `é|nkeuirhvh}Śi }wédid`hnh}/

jako j uvjnhcghwhn cidmhd |wjn}inê} éu

fêwcźu|heibinxu ujfê}kuuê`k} ch`}jdã}jdjn

j |ioõ}êndjn$

J é|nkeuirhvh}Śi }xmêu énhu givkdyã}énj jv

iu/ ak`y jv hoŚmòd}Śgh ghfx}k}} :7 bŚ hwhm#

cédyhi nòvò}} cêw eujn mheioi}hwghd !ukn

huh}ghd ehd}ioi}hwghd*) céwah}Ś nÿoòdgué#

`hn rko}jn$ Jv hoŚuhohf}hvŚghd }j|juv}jo}

ukn huh}ghd oi}hwhu nÿoòdgué`hnahv né|hu}$

]haê} hvhd j uvid}hd cêw jvkdku }xmêuuvid#

}hd oérŚ wéuv}rhrŚn rhwuhd`}hn h`ycêuujo$

J Rkork }haê} iméd iu hoéw}h j eéofê}$ Dhc#

eujn j fêwcźÿvhcho}h}Śn/ ajdhc j `é|nk#

euirhvh}Śn uvêcêwj iu ghgivkdyã}k}}j/ ak`y

h`y dj`y `kdmkuuê``jo jv jmk}} bhojmj}#

wj fõo u|heibinêo} fêwcźuvhwhorédy/ h`y }òné#

oh}huué`wh }òwhnhmŚ ukbŚwwho/ rjoõu nòvohnh#

méui nòwÿocédyhn nòvò}} iu ch`mògghd}Śhd

fõ ― bhdd}jw}êui nòo}ué`hnh} fhohd}Śuhd euòn#

nhd}Ś# bk`yjuv}êui hwhmcédyhnh} }xm hoéw#

di$ Hv j cji |ijei ahoyvh}ghd nxoeubkd}kuuê#

`ö néwméu$

Bêevêd @hw`hoy/ `é|éuvcéwdòn/ }huv}|ioõ}j/ H`hw

Whbohn}kw ▿ Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 59

Dyhw}huhn !gjowõo fkggwj)6

GhdevinVko}êd/ Ghdevin

Bhwhde/ Uickd Vko}êd



Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 ▿ Whbohn}kw=<

Fêwcź ê}j mêu

▿

Ch``yŚvŚ }huv}hwhmcédyhn

ÖFJGG WHDJXO] \WHCIXC BOK]]J

― UVHCHWHY ]WJDU\KW] VW]$W]BU bidjduvãwkvêu/ 8 érhu }hofhu nòwź njwgjd}jw}êui uvhwvŚméu

]jrjoy mhehcghwghd j Mho}j#]wxen Nb}$ }hoh|ahoyéd j Uvhchwhy ]wjdu|kw} Vw}$

uvêcêwj j 78 mjwjg Whdjxo} \whcixc dyhw`hu rkd}j}õ ê}jmêuê} nòrh}Śhd

Uvhchwhy Oõwêdm hodòn#rhvéwi`jv`j}õ ghfhohd}h}}h/ öfjgg 78 \whcixck} whdmho$

Iucé} \whcixc Wkx}h ukwjnkvõ rko} j Mho}j#

]wxen }hoh|ahoyéd/ jddjn nòuvòdah}Śhd/

ak`y j fêwcźrhn ghrêo}k}}ên j akvvêfxn

bźvò}} whcédyhnh}$ J Uvhchwhy ]wjdu|kw} Vw}$

bok}}êfj hvö}}jo iu 78 mjwjg Whdjxo} \whcixc

dyhw`hu rkd}j}õrjo yjwj|kmk}}#bij}jokmk}}$

J fêwcźrhn j cj`yjw ghob òomi bxrjw kvêu

oh`dj`ykgg }êwujuê`êdêo nòvwhcźnòmdhn

j rêoojoj} aj}énkdyuê`êdjn fjrã}êuêgjd

éaêdy aõdj| }ho} ho/ éu cêfxu hoh#

féd iucé} ÿddh|éoyhu ê}jmêuwj uvõo} j

chàãrêu$ J ahoyuvãd x`yjdjv/ j wéuv}rhrŚn

!cjfmdhc) x`yjdjvkd uvhcéoyhn éu jv ê}#

jmk}} Whdjxo} \whcixc Wkx}h dyhw`hu rkd#

}j}õn iu uvid}h eujn uvãdÿnghd }éw}hn ho j nk#

wêggijn}õo$

Jv ÿddh|éoyhu ê}jmêu} fhohdoé}érho ch`}iuv#

}ho}h \aioi||h @kwfxq/ j Whdjxo} ]wxenu Ehd}#

wjo#Hju} wéìõfêdjn hodònh/ jni ò} érhd ê}/

7<<9#i` rko} j Whdjxo} ]wxenu Axd`êwij Nb}$

ÿ`yrhvh}Ś i`jv`j}õfj$ Hockdm}j/ jddjn imh#

féd/ jcinkw 7<<9#ghd cêu bhojmj}k} nj|k}}

éu hoaj`y}j Cj`yjwkwuvê`k}/ dj`ykd ujfdêo#

}j/ ak`y jv ÿ`yrhvh}Śué`h imhféd j Uvhch#

why ]wjdu|kw} Vw}$ wéuvéwh dhc uinhwÿo} Wh#

djxo} fêwcźrhnh} hojmdi$ Hvéw} cku} nÿoòdò#

uhd òwòcéwh uvko`êo}/ ak`y h`y ioyhd jonj#

okcwj oê}k`j}aj}k}} ho Cj`yjwkwuvê`wj/ cid}

jak`y jv iu òwòccho }òo}ò}}h ho/ Uvhchwhy

Oõwêdm iucé} givjocj} uvjrjvk}} j Whdjxo}

]wxenu fêwcźrhidhn/ jchoyhndhn j Uvhchwhy

]wjdu|kw} bok}}êgjd bkoyjcj}kujd ohuv jonjo#

cxn j givkdyã}êuwj$

J Uvhchwhy ]wjdu|kw} Vw}$ j aź}Śu éohoci#

uvhw#okìuv}inêgjd |ijerhvh}Ś$ J }êwujuê`#

gjd j fêwcźrhn uvêcj 28< !ê}oj`éoh}nkwxn

2 ér)$

Jv :99<#ghd joj|ã}k}} ciunkoei uvénahoyź rêo#

ojoj} :< }hoh|ahooyho/ ê}wjnõ|kd}}jo whdmhonh#

vin jv kwuvê`gjd$ J }êwujuê` êwghré}hoédhn

98 uvêvjoénj uvêwcjvin j ghobòomi bxrjwkvêu#

gõo/ j fêwcźrhn né}ajwcjmj aź}ò}}êwx#uvêo#

oã}êu} ré`hv$ Uvêdménjin uvhwid} j fòrŚghd iu

ch`cjwjmdjn j ghobòomi bxrjwkvêudêo/ uvêo#

oã}cêdykvêudêo/ jci dhc jv} fhohd}i/ ak`y j

eé` |joh}}êfêd dh uvhwh|hodh j dhcvh}nòvi

bxrjwkvêu iu$

Uvhchwhy Oõwêdm hockdm}j/ j okìuv}inji

uvjncêgjd jv j rêoojonkvêu ohah} uinhwhu/

jchoydhn dj`y jv êwxjoj|fj/ éu né|hu j oh#

ah}Ś oh`koeuõggjd ch`komjdi j uvêooã}êu}$ J

bxrjwkvêugjd j oh`dj`ykgg nòo}ué`}édyhvŚ

jv ÿvhcjdyj`/ hv j Uvhchwhy ]wjdu|kw} Vw}$#

déo éri = ciooiêwm bkwid}k} }huv ni$ Hvéw} oédyh#

`hu/ cioyhd bk`yjuv}êuö fêwcźrhnnho }òw}é#

din j uvêooã}êu$ J rêuêwoêudêo bŚ uvhc|kd}}ê j

fêwcź ÿvhcjdyj`#}jnjwénku cźnòméuh oé#

|h}} hoŚ$ J Mho}j#]wxen Nb}$#}Śo né} }huv}jx}õ}

iu nj|k}} j rêoojoj}$ J }huv}hn ukwêd ch`hoé#

`hméuuho }j|juv}jo}ên j Whdjxo} \whcixckn

—niu é}rê`yê}–$ Né}#aêwkc oi}hw ch`}jnjwã}êu

j nkdnxwhdu fêwcźrhnahv né|hu} :<< niok#

cé}hwhdnéd} õwiêui |édvòuuvh`$

J }jrjoy chìuchw} K|}ibxho |wk`wjcgjd jv

h`yin bŚuvhwh|oŚ j fêwcź$ J Whdjxo} \whcixc

ckmhoohn hmmi` iu ukn hoiuchwéu}/ mieuéwh}h}

akv}jn j Whdjxo} ]wxenu uvêcêwj$ J bk`yjuv#

}êuk|}icjoivêo} \whcixc Wkx}h fêwcźrhnghd

nòo}uéàj}énkdy/ fõ bk`yjuv}êuö ck}kwkn

mko`kvdjn$ Jv K|}ibxho |wk`wjcgjd j `é|#

fêwcźrhvh}Śn uvid}éd bŚuvhwh|ahv fx}djn/ jv

K|}ibxho ]wjidid`hd ghoÿo hocéoh}i éu `yjnkw#

oj}i kn}j}êugjd wéuvhuÿodhn jddjn éwmhnéghd/

ak`y j fêwcź }headinêfêgõo jmõmõ hoŚdyònh}

cjqicêoiujd niajuvdêoajuuên jv jojeukdyjgg

ÿvhcho}h}éui nòo}ué`hn éwmhnéghd$ J bkoyj#

cj}ku hoohdŚwvéué j |wk`wjcgjd j ajwcjmin

bŚuvhwh|/ jv Idbkcjq dyöf}k}}j idbkwcêeiõn

uvid}éd akvvêuh`ã}hdhn j fêwcźrhn `jvmjuê#

`ku ÿvhcho}h}éuéahv$

Cidmhvhn akvvêfêwxo}jn jaakv/ ak`y j Wh#

djxo}#djn uinhwÿo} riuuvjnhwÿodi j Uvhchwhy

]wjdu|kw} Vw}$ ghuvêooã}õi nòvé$ Jv Idbkcjq

|wk`wjc chooh}} dhc nhréugé bkd}kujn j ni#

h`éuvã}Ś uvko`êo}j}êukn uhc$ J bidjduvãwkvêu}

jv W]BU/ jvjv j Whdjxo} ]wxenu Bidjdeijo Uhw#

riehu ré`hv}h$ J fêwcźrhnwh bxoo uvhwriv uvhw#

vŚméu} nò}ò}}hn/ jvjv ò} érwh uvõoõ/ }hofhu nòwź

niokcé}hw#houvêckoêuö uvhwvŚméu fò}} oé}wh j

Uvhchwhy ]wjdu|kw} Vw}$ éu j Mho}j#]wxen Nb}$

nòvò}}/ jci jv} fhohd}i/ ak`y j njwgjd}jw}ê#

ui éu j uvhwrivcxdnênj} j Mho}j#]wxen Nb}$

ré`vi$ J uvko`êo}j}êueukcjàkv akvvê }jw}k#

vin/ ak`y j Mho}j#]wxen Nb}$ :< érhu jx}õnj}

uvêcã}k}} gh j rêuêwoêunkw/ iooh}rh 8 ér ho}ho#

}érho riuuvjrêuêwoêui jwjdeij rjd$

Uvhchwhy Oõwêdm rhvéwi`jv`j}õ ré`ÿo ho#

ckdm}j/ j fõ fêwcźrhnh}/ j né|vh}} !éu hoohd#

Śwvò}}) `é|fêwcźrhvh}Śnh} iu ghohéw}rh j oh#

ah}ué`hu nòo}ué`ch`}jnjwã}êui ohah}Śué`h#

nh} cêw chòé|}én/ j fòrŚghd cêw h`ywh id#

nêgg j rêoojoj}dêo hoŚ}éwgh nhwÿo j aj}énkdy#

uê`fjrã}êu/ jchoygh j uvidhwìên ch`}joêoêuj

x`yjdö`y ghoh}jw}kvin/ cid} jv ÿwhuhd bx}k}}

niokcé}hwhn uvêcêdjn euònnhd}éuh$

\$ H$

D

:$ Uvhchwhy Oõwêdm éu \aioi||h @kwfxq/ j Whdjxo} ]wxenu Nòvé|#nhoh}#hxwõ|ji wéìõfêdjn johodònh

7$ J ujf}õ}êf énkv}j}õ wé uv}rhrŚ i6 U}hbnõ \é} hw !Mho}j #]wxen Nb}$)/ Uvhc hwhy Oõwêdm !Uv hchwhy ]wjdu|kw } Vw}$)/ \aioi| |h @kwfx q/ Fjd Rhuhoy !W hdjxo} ]wxen u Nòvé|# hxwõ|j i wéìõ)/ ]wid`hw Vko}ê d !Whdjxo}

]wxenu Axd`êwij Nb}$) 5$ J \whcixc Wkx}h =2<$:9] dyhw`hu rkd}j}õgjd MQi II Hxwk R HHR bknkvj}ö

ck}kw mko`kvin$ ]hofhuã}cédyh =2< OH :1<< bkwmxoj}+|hwehd/ cjqicêoiu dykcj}énj 77=< Dc :7<<#ju

|hwehd néd}i bkwmx oj}kd$ J uhg huué`rêo}õ j x}kcj}ivêo }/ jv K|}im wirhw. uvid}éd wé uv} rêoojo j b k`yjuv}ê u

céwuénoéuéghd

: 7 5





iuajuvkdfêwcźrhn }hwéd né} eé`/ aêwkc

cêwnêrjo rkdxo} bho$ J \j||ju Jx}k Cj#

`yjwkwuvê`/ j Chwehmhu#Ghdv nãdêoj}gõo h`y

Ri}õ} éu h`y U|wid}hw} akvk}} ho/ jchoyhnh}

bŚoh` cidi cźahoynkeui eéofêwj éu niuvêooêuku

cxdnênakv jfêdok}}jn/ x`yjdã`y j cêuin

u}jdmfxnkd oérŚ Bij} Mkgo÷} éu Mxej}õ bxw#

`kd}$ ]hwcéuvh}huhd dhc aiêdykvaj}k}} jv

ér öfmkduê`j/ j Bij} Mkgo÷ Pkwn X| |oj}õu

|ienx|/ nhwhnhd : }kddêu }hahwgãwêuujo$

J Ei}wkîd Axd`êwij h`y Ghwoid`õrjo éu jv

öf E= \wkbirjo rko} fhohd$ Hv x}õggi 8=8 niok#

`wjcc }hahwgãwêuö/ wjn}hwh :7=2 oi}hw }éwbk#

`j}ö$ J cxdnj bwkd}fêd fõo cx}j}k}} rkodj

cé` h`y mx|ojbÿonéu/ 0 uvhcéoyhu/ |oj}õu/

rkdõakwk``jo iu bhouvhwho} Fxc|hw$

Jv Hxwk}wjmh Nb}$ u}jdmfêdjn nòvh|éd h`y

50 cé}hw cxdnjcj`juuê`ö Ujdy gh}kd#

uvirj}}yö cj`jukmk}}/ jci j Ujdy nk}wõ`é#

|hn x}êd h`y öfjgg }hwcéneuk|kw}k} fhohd}$

Nòwÿoò}}h ré`wh imhajvj iu oê}aj}}j j dj`y#

nòvòdué` jv Irhek Mjioy uźwã}h}}bòom`êv#

ÿvhcź rêo}kvj}jidjn h`yiné}$ J bÿonéu jorêv

fõo uvhcoéo}h}}h j whdmuvhw bhoé|ã}éué} éu j

nò}ò}}ué`hn déonÿoi bhoé|ã}cédyhvah}Śué#

Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 ▿ Cźuvjni aê}}éw=7

N

:―5$ Chwehmhu#Ghdv éu Bij}

niuajuvkdfêwcźrhn

=―2$ Ghwoid`k/

E= \wkbi éu wjn}hwh

0$ Ujdy gh}kduvirj}}yö

50 cé}hwhu

cxdnjcj`juuê``jo

1―9$ Irhek Mjioy 28E:=

uźwã}h}}bòom`êv#ÿvhccho

Dhcvh}nòvi bõwxc

EKDU]WXCJ 7<:7Öfmkduê`kn/ jn}xjoi}êukn

Ujfdku érhn õ}j }jw} j ajvji é|ã}Śi|jw céoywh|ÿoéuh/ h}}Śo bÿ``h}ohdÿojv é|ã}Śjdyj`kn chooh}}/ é|ã}Śi|jwi# éu wjnkmõ`é|hn/ rjojcid} ajuvkdfêwcźrhn iu bhoukwjnkv}jn/ i`jv eujn euhnéoy uvêcgjd$ J né|riuhoh}hn dj`yuvjgêuöajuvkdfêwcźrhu niêooã}êukn aãfêd ― jci uvid}éd j rêouê`djn }xojfmkdã}aj}õ ― idnêggj uvjnniêooã}êuknwj nkdehd}wêodjn$

:

7

5

=

2

9

0

8

1





J gho`j CKO eéèuk|kw}

J eé`h} j II$ rioêàêgkwö ghbhfhvéuh x}êd/

:9==#ghd joj|ã}k}}ên/ uvénahoyh Akkòhmh

rêwkuêgjd }joêoaj}õ/ mh rjddjn cé` ÿvh#

chin Ivh`hc éu Hidàhc rêwkujigjd/ rjoj#

cid} j bwjdeijkwuvêì Gkhueah|h#ghd éu jv

jdòiji Uahh|gwim`h#ghd$ J `yêw}êu u|heiê#

oiu/ nŚkojfi|jwi ― hvhd ghoÿo iu uirj}jì niri#

}hoź ― }hahw`é|nkeuinnjo/ béo|õ}nkeuinnjo

nhvmŚmò}}/ cjfm nòvö}i dhaév rkd}j}õn#

njo bkoy}j}õmk}}/ ajukdoõjd/ cid} |éomêxo

j déch} Bjxddêo/ rj`y bwjdeij Ghwoih}déo éu

Piooiách#déo$ Hv x}õggi :901#gjd euŚmgh

chd} éu hnnkw uvêcku }ã|xu `yêw}êui fk`ê}

rêuêwko}ên ch` `yêw}cêdygŚrã}éunéd}$

J CKO EY DR `yêw}cêdy|wkbiofj dj|fjidnwj

cêw niuvéohuhmh}}/ axoojmén`yźf}Ś bhoé|ã}#

cédyhnnho/ dyi}k}} |oj}õu rkdõaêwkcuvò#

`hu |õ}nkeuinnjo/ nkd}édhwuvêooã}õrjo/ gio#

ohdŚu béo|õ}nkeuirjo/ dhaév`é|uvêooã}õ# éu

nj}kdji eéoö béo|õ}nkeuinnjo/ rjojcid} }hw#

cidêo }wjn}kwknnjo éu j cku} ghcx}j}êuwj

nhwÿoŚ rjuö}i rkd}j}õn nÿoòdgòvŚ }ã|xuji#

rjo gŚrÿo} ni jv ér}ivhmhn ukwêd$

J Wk}wje nãdêoj}/

b Śgg fhoohcvŚn éu jonjocjvêu

J rjuö}i rkd}j}õ fêwcźrhin jn}xêoiu nãdêoj#

}j òuuvhuhd 1 nÿoòdgòvŚ }ã|xurêo}kvj}gõo

êoo$ J rkd}j}õn òduöoyj :2―=< }kddj/ j rkd#

}j}õnj|jei}êu uãdhd :1<<―=8<< }kddj$ HwŚ#

bkwwêunéd} :=<―=9< oõhwŚu Mhx}v ck}kwkn

uvko`êodjn$ J aimwjxoinxu }hd`hoynj|euk#

oõn éu jx}kcj}j rêo}õcźrhn j Eojwn eé`#

}Śo uvêwcjvdjn$ Cidmh`yin }ã|xu né}}hd`h#

oyhu/ êoojdmõ =q=#hu chàjf}êuö/ hoòo#aê}xo

uvõoõ jgwkdeukvêuujo$ J uãdhd rjoõ ajojmêu}/

iwêdy}jw}êu} uvõoõ rj`y |êwku jeéonhwhnhn

giv}kuã}fên/ }ã|xu}õo/ òduöoy}õo bÿ``Śhd$

J nkwcêdyvêu jv jn}xêoiu ÿvhccõmdjn

ch`bhohoŚhd ohah} eujn houŚ !nòvö}i ajojmêu)/

houŚ#aê}uõ éu jnêw komjojvõ iu$ H né} x}õggi

j rê`êdyknwj }òw}édŚ wê# éu ohêooêu}/ iooh}rh

j nòvrh}ohd ê}êooêui cjdŚrhwhnh} uh`ã}i hoŚ$

J nkwcêdyvêu }hwcéuvh}huhd h`yhdhu ch#

dh}ghd wh}huvhoah}Ś éu uvÿnué`hu iu/ j rjuö}i

rkd}j}êu joj}}$ Niri}ho}Śo bÿ``Śhd :<<<―:221

ciooicé}hwhu dykc}êrö rê`êdyknkd jonjo#

cjvaj}õn/ jvjv j rioê` cidmhd }êfêd$

J rkd}j}õn nÿoòdòuhd hoŚdyòu éu wx`jocju

rkd}j}õnj|jei}êu} fhohd}hdhn ê}wjnõ }hwci#

dêokngjd/ ninò}Śnghd/ mh nòvohnhméui }êw#

ujuê`kn nò}ò}}|êoyêu fêwcźrhidhn fjrã}õ

}hoh|ahoyéd }òw}édŚ ckv`j}êuêakv rj`y

dyão} |êoyêwõo }òw}édŚ cźuvjni chd}éuéahv/

nkeuiuvãdgh rkd}j}êuêakv iu jonjocjujn$ J

rkd}j}õuvhwnhvh}hn }êrrhvéwoéuźhn/ jx}k#

cj}ivêo} nj|eukoêuujo/ j }koj}êui ÿvhccõm

uvid}éd ohah}ué`hu j dyjngj jnjuv}aj}õ }êr#

rhvéwoŚ uh`ã}ué`érho$

J rj`kdkn rj`y cêu nò}ò}}|êoyêu fêwcźrhn

giv}kduê`ku bénhvéuéahv uvÿnué`hu uźwã}h}}

ohrh`Ś}/ h`y nÿoòdêooõ/ dj`y }hofhuã}cédyź

eujrjwku oé`nkc|whuuvkw uvko`êo}j}fj éu

}òo}i j }ògg uvêv oi}hw }éwbk`j}ö oé`}jw}êoy}$

J rkd}j}õn bénwhdmuvhwh uźwã}h}} ohrh`Śu/

mkgbénhu$

Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 ▿ Cźuvjni aê}}éw==

:―7$ Jv WW5<== hoòowŚo éu aê}xowõo

5$ J rhvh}Śbÿonh

Cxdnj`é| ghcx}j}õ

CKVMKDY @XCINHWHNHNHDNÿoòdoh`hu gho`j CKO E Y DR yêw}cêdyö rkd}j}õ Cj`yjwkwuvê`wj

H`y dhc i`jvêd cidmhddj|i `xcinhwhnhu/ mh rjuö}i rkd}j}õ fêwcź êoo} uvko`êoj}gj

Cj`yjwkwuvê`kd/ jchoyh} cé` jv ê}jmêu hoŚ}} uinhwÿo} nòwghbédyné|hvdÿdn/joj|kujd uvhcÿ`ywh rhddi éu cku} ghcx}j}di$

: 7

5



J rkd}j}õn cidmh`yin }ã|xuj joj|fêgjdrérh jonjocju nòvö}i ajojmêuwj/ j rjuö}iuvjgrêdyö ÿ}nòvŚnnho h`yÿ}}/ `kdmkorj j}hoh|ahoyhn nòv}i/ wòrim }êrö ahoyrêo}kv}j#}êuwj$ Céwh}hin/ bédyuvõwõin/ oêc|êin nh}}Śuwhdmuvhwź !nòvö}i#rjuö}i) nijojnã}êuj hddhn

ch`bhohoŚn/ mh j }hd`hoy}hwahoéuhn aêwkc}ã|xu niré}hoérho hv} j ohah}Śué`h} cêwhoé``é ghaj}êwkofên$

Jv houŚ ajvji rkd}j}õ

J ghcx}j}k}}/ CKO Wk}wje WW5<== }ã|xu jvhouŚ/ jchoy Cj`yjwkwuvê`kd éw}énhuã}éuwhnhwÿo} éu h`y dj`y i|jwrê`êdy#aêoõvj}}jo éu fhohd}Śu rjuö}i uvêooã}êuujo whdmhonhvŚ ÿvhc#ghd êoo} cxdnêgj$ Cjqicêoiu uhghuué`h 5<nc+õwj/ rkd}j}êui nj|jei}êu 5<<< }kddj$

Niuu

Cźuvjni aê}}éw ▿ Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 =8

J `yêwi |wku|hn}xuknj} ê} }jdxocêdykv#rj i`hd éwmhnhu }édyhnwh bi`yho}ÿdn bho/ak`y j `xci }j|jmêuj uknnjo fkgg juãdhd/ cid} j ckvmkdykn bécnhwhnhi huh}éghd$ Imhêoiu huh}ghd !}iuv}j uãd/ dyêwi choh`ghd) j rkdõhwŚ#ê}jmêu céw}énh j`xcijgwkdeuku rkd}j}õndêo 18 uvêvjoén/

j ckvmkdykndêo eujn 55 uvêvjoén$ Ê}oj#`ku |êoyêd 25#78 uvêvjoén jv jwêdy/ h`y wi}nêggjd ajuvdêo}/ niuué uvhddyhvŚmò}} i|jwrê`êdy huh}éghd 88 éu :1 uvêvjoén#wj euònnhdhn jv éw}énhn$ HuŚghd cêw =<éu :8 uvêvjoénwj euònnhd j rkdõhwŚ cj#

qicxcj/ u givkdy j bénhvéu aj}êubknj iu fhohd}Śuhd wkcoin* Ajrju/ fh`hu uãdhn huh#}éd cêw j `xcijgwkdeudêo iu mwjuv}inx#ujd/ 5< uvêvjoénwj huin riuuvj jv ê}riah}ŚrkdõhwŚ/ h`y ckvmkdydêo cêw cidmòuv#uvh :: uvêvjoén ohuv$

Jvkdgjd dh bhohf}uÿn ho/ j Wk}wje rkd}j#

}õn oh`bhofhgg 5< nc+õwêrjo ajojmdjn/mh j oh`dj`ykgg }hofhuã}cédyź rêo}kvj}jcêw h`y 82 rj`kdgõo êooõ uvhwhoréddyho iu né|hu ch`giwnõvdi/ 1< }kddêu/ =#}hd#`hoyhu rj`kdknnjo uvêckorj$

J RKD]J]ÊU BIVINÊFJ

:―7$ Nj|eukoõn éu nifhovŚn j uvéorémŚ bòoò}}/

nhvhoŚnkdvko jv ÿoéu komjoêd

5$ Cźuvhwbjo

=$ Eujn oê}uvj}wj uicj/ rjoõfêgjd éwmhu

bhoÿoh}ź/ börk}} xcijgwkdeu/ nickdmk}}jd

uãdhd rkd}j}êuakv !@kkmyhjw u|heijoi}êu)

8$ J dyjngj jnjuv}aj}õ }êrrhvéwoŚ

2$ Jv h`yin rhvh}Ś}hd`hoy

0$ Jv jx}kcj}inxu rkdõuvhwnhvh}

Ck}kw6 Mhx}v ]EM 7<:5 O<2 =R }ã|xuö/ ukwku/ 2 #ahd#`hwhu/ nòvòu dykcõeuòrhu/ nòvrh}ohd ghbheunhdmh#véuź/ ahd`hwhdnéd} = uvhoh||ho/ biq `hkch}wiêu }xw#gõbho}òo}Śrho/ }òo}Śohrh`Ś#riuuvjaź}éuuho éu ni|xbk#`õ`êv#riuuvjrhvh}éuuho HX U}xbh IIIJ + ]ihw 5 hciuuvi#õu dkwcêrjoBxwj} q oònh}6 :<1 q :5< cc ‧ òuuvoònh}}éw bk`j}6 0:8<ec5 ‧ cjqicêoiu }hofhuã}cédy6 770 nP !5:< OH)+75<<bkwm$+|hwe ‧ cjqicêoiu bkw`j}õdykcj}én6 :<8<Dc+:8<< bkwm$+|hwe ‧ uźwã}éui jwêdy6 :1/:6:]hd`hoynj|eukoõ6 Eojwn `yêw}cêdyö/ aimwkuv}j}i#nxuUhghuué`rêo}õ6 Eojwn `yêw}cêdyö/ iwêdyrêo}õrjo/ =

hoŚwh# éu = aê}wjchdh}i bknkvj}}jo$ Ê}}é}hohn6 :$ =/==/7$ 7/7:/ 5$ :/72/ =$ </07$

Mibbhwhdeiêocź6 i3:9/16:Bx}õcźrhn6 Hoòo#aê}xo chwhr }hd`hoyhn/ hoòo |jwj#gkojwx`õu bhobÿ``huv}éu ohd`éueuiooj|ã}õrjo/ aê}xochwhr bhobÿ``huv}éu$Bénwhdmuvhw6 Uźwã}h}} ohrh`Śu/ hoòo#aê}xo mkgbénhn$Rj`kdbénhn oé`}jw}êoyj6 1<< oi}hwHohn}wkcku whdmuvhw6 7= Rßvhcjdyj`}jw}êoy6=8< o@xcijgwkdeukn6 :=$<< W 7=Rhvh}Śnhwhnhn ê}céwŚfh6 =<< ccÒduöoy !ÿvhcnéuv)6 5: }kddj/ }hd`hoy}hwahoéu hoòo#aê}xo :8/8 }kddjBŚgg céwh}hn !cc)6

Akuuv6 01<< ‧ }hd`hoy}êr6 52<< ‧ uvéohuué`6 78:< ‧ cj#`juuê`6 520<

CKO WK]WJE WW5<== CżUVJNI/ CÉWH]# ÉU ]ÒCH@JMJ]KN

: 7

5 =

8 2

0



J rhvh}éu} }êck`j}õ whdmuvhwhn euk|kw}kuã}êujJ rhvh}éu} }êck`j}õ whdmuvhwhn né} euk#

|kw}fj6

:$ J chdh}iwêdyö midjcinê} ghbkoyêukoõ whdmuvhwhn

Eujn j ajf}êuoêdegj jrj}nkvdjn gh !Ewxiuh

Ekd}wko)$ Hvhn riuvkdyoj` cêw uvéohunòwźhd

ho}hwfhm}hn$ Jv h`yin oh`wé`hggi ioyhd whdm#

uvhw j uhghuué`}jw}õ rhvh}éu} ohah}Śré }hrŚ

—}hc|kcj}–/ iooh}rh —}hc|kuh}– bxdneiõn$ J

ck}kw dykcj}énê} uvjgêoykvvj éu j `é|nk#

eui hoŚwh ghêooã}k}} uhghuué`é} }jw}fj$ Hvhn

h`yin }krêggbhfohuv}h}} rêo}kvj}j j nòrh}é#

ui }êrkouê`k} }jw}fj giv}kduê`ku éw}énhd$ J

ck}kw dykcj}énê} iu uvjgêoykvvj éu bénhvéu}

iu nhvmhcédyhv JEE !Je}irh Ewxiuh Ekd}wko)$

7$ J nhwhuv}iwêdyö midjcinê} ghbkoyêukoõ whdmuvhwhn

Jv x}õggi érhnghd fhohd}hn ch` j nhwhuv}#

iwêdyö midjcinê} iu ghbkoyêukodi né|hu

whdmuvhwhn$ Imh ukwkoaj}õn j u}jgioi}êu} dò#

rhoŚ whdmuvhwhn/ cid} jv HU\/ rj`y j uêrho#

aj`yêunkw bi`yhochv}h}Ś !Ojdh Mh|jw}x#

wh Pjwdid`)/ iooh}rh ghjrj}nkvõ whdmuvhwhn

!Ojdh Nhh|id` Uyu}hc)$ Hvhn déaêdy érhd

ghoÿo/ cid} nò}hohvŚ }jw}kvénkn bk`djn

ch`fhohddi j ajuvkdfêwcźrhnghd$

J rhvh}éu} }êck`j}õ whdmuvhwhn whj`êoêujJ rhvh}éu} }êck`j}õ whdmuvhwhn nÿoòdgòvŚ

cõmkd whj`êodjn j rhuvéoyahoyvh}hnghd/

huvhwid} iu nÿoòdgòvŚ whdmuvhwhn oé}hvdhn$

:$ J rhvh}Ś} bi`yhochv}h}Ś whdmuvhwhn

Rjddjn koyjd whdmuvhwhn/ jchoyhn eujn

bédy éu ajd`fhovéuuho/ rj`y |éomêxo j nkw#

cêdynhwén whv`h}éuérho bi`yhochv}h}in j

rhvh}Ś}/ ak`y rhuvéoyhu nòwÿocédy jojnxo}

ni$ Hvhndhn jvkdgjd dideu nÿoòdòuhgg nò#

rh}nhvcédyh$ Rjddjn koyjd rhvh}éu} }êck#

`j}õ whdmuvhwhn/ choyhndéo rêo}kvêu} `h#

dhwêodjn j `é|nkeui rhvh}éui fhoohcvŚighd$

Ch`rêo}kvin |éomêxo j nkwcêdyvêui dykcj#

}énuvÿnuéòh}/ chw} euònnhd}i j wêuh`ã}Ś

dykcj}énk}$ Hvvho bi`yhochv}h}ah}i j `é|#

nkeuirhvh}Ś} jwwj/ ak`y dh bkwmã}uj ho koyjd

céw}énghd j nkwcêdynhwhnh}/ chw} ho bk`fj

aj`ydi j bkw`joci uêrk}$ J `êv|hmêo fhoédhn

nkwoê}kvêuêwj iu rjd ohah}Śué` jv hohn}wkdi#

nxu whdmuvhwhndéo$ Ioyhdnkw aiêgj dykcfj

}òri` j `êv|hmêo} j rhvh}Ś/ j ck}kwhohn}wk#

dinj céùhc nj| koyjd dykcj}éni`édyfh#

oh}/ cid} jci} j rhvh}Ś uvhwh}dh$

7$ Òdêooõjd ghjrj}nkvõwhdmuvhwhn

Rjddjn koyjd whdmuvhwhn/ choyhn cêw dhc

eujn bi`yhochv}h}dhn/ ajdhc gh iu jrj}nkv#

djn j fêwcź midjcinêfêgj/ mh hddhn fkì rk#

dj}nkvêuji iu rjddjn$ Aiuvhd j ghjrj}nkvêu#

nkw j whdmuvhw bhoÿogãwêofj j rhvh}Ś euhohn#

réué}$ Ioyhdnkw ni rêoojofj j nòrh}nhvcédyh#

nh}/ aj ghnòrh}nhvin h`y gjohuh}; J mxwrj

ghjrj}nkvêu} j cji fkì uvjgêoykvêukn dhc

hd`hmin ch`$ J ghjrj}nkvêu eujn koyjd

céw}énź ohah}/ ak`y j rhvh}Ś}Śo dh rh`yh

ho }hofhuhd j fêwcź iwêdyã}êuê}$

J nòrh}éui}êrkouê`#}jw}õ whdmuvhw Hddhn j whdmuvhwdhn jv joj|fj j uhghuué`#

}jw}õ jx}kcj}inj$ Aj hv} j whdmuvhw} ghnj|#

eukofj j `é|nkeuirhvh}Ś/ jv jmk}} |ioojdj}#

gjd ch`fh`yvi j uhghuué`h} éu hv} bk`fj

}jw}jdi bkoyjcj}kujd$ Aj `é|nkeui hohféd

hoahoyhvh}} wjmjwéwvénhoŚ h`y hoŚ}}h aj#

ojmõ `é|nkeui} éwvénho/ jnnkw ghnj|euko j

}êrkouê`}jw}õ cźnòméu$ Euònnhd}i j fêwcź

uhghuué`é}/ jchddyighd j giv}kduê`kudjn

ã}éo} }êrkouê`dêo fkggjd ch`nòvhoã}i jv}$ J

`é|nkeuirhvh}Ś hv} j cźnòméu} bhoÿogãwêo#

aj}fj/ ni iu nj|eukoaj}fj$ Jv hoŚgg iuchw}h#

}h}} cźnòméu} ni ohah} h`éuvã}hdi jv ÿ}nò#

véu} céwuénoŚ whdmuvhwwho/ choyh} riuvkd} j

rhvh}Ś cêw dhc }xm ninj|eukodi$ Aj |éomêxo

h`y njdyjw cij}} j rhvh}Ś dhc oê}fj/ ak`y

êoo j nkeuiukw hoŚ}}h éu jddjn j =<#}kddêu

uvhwhorédy dhniajf}/ uöoyku nòrh}nhvcé#

dyhnnho fêw$ Aj wjmjwéwvénhoŚ jv} fhovi/ ak`y

êooõ nkeuiukw bhoé dj`y uhghuué``ho nòvhoã}

j `é|nkeui/ j bénwhdmuvhw jx}kcj}inxu cź#

nòm}h}éuérho ojuuã}jdi bk`$ Hvvho céwuénoi jv

ÿ}nòvéui hdhwìê}$ Jv ÿ}nòvéu gh bk` x`yjd

nòrh}nhvdi/ mh oédyh`huhd niuhgg hdhwìê#

rjo/ cid} j déonÿo }òw}éd} rkodj$ Ch` ohah}#

dh ö`y iu êooã}jdi j `é|nkeui}/ ak`y dh nò#

rh}nhvvhd gh ÿ}nòvéu/ mh bhochwÿo h`y fkì

néwméu/ ― ak`y j `é|nkeui j rhvh}Ś jnjwj#

}j hoohdéwh bénhvh}}$ Ioyhdnkw jv ÿ}nòvéu j

givkdyã}én jwwj/ ak`y j whdmuvhw/ aj dhc

jrj}nkvin gh/ j nòrh}nhvcédyhn cé` uö#

oykujggjn ohddédhn$ J wjmjwéwvénhoŚ/ }ògg

uvêv cé}hwwh oê} hoŚwh 7#8¼ nòwÿoi uvò`}jw}k#

cêdygjd$ Hddhn j whdmuvhwdhn iu rjd ujfê}

hohn}wkdinêfj/ mh nÿoòd ghjrj}nkvõ h`yué`#

wh dideu uvÿnué`/ chw} j `é|nkeuigj ghé|ã#


Nòvohnhméugiv}kduê`▿ Nkdbhwhdeij

ID]HOOI@HDU RHVH]ÉU# ]ÊCK@J]Õ WHDMUVHWHN

—J oh`koeuõgg/ j uvêcã}õ`é|hu nòwdyhvh}ghd }òw}édŚ bhfohuv}éu$–

J ::$ Rêw`huv}hui Ajuvkdfêwcź Nkdbhwhdeiêd Uvjgõ Gêoid} /

― GCH Hohn}wkdinxu Fêwcź éu Fêwcźiwêdyã}êui ]xmêunòv|kd}

―/ }êfénkv}j}êu} jmk}} j nòvhofòrŚ ajuvkdfêwcźrhighd

jonjocjvk}} hohn}wkdinxu rhvh}éu}êck`j}õ whdmuvhwhnwŚo

éu j }êrkojggi fòrŚghd jonjocjvêuwj nhwÿoŚ ch`komêuknwõo$

J nòvö}i fêwcźrhn uvêcêdjn dòrhnhméuh h`yÿ}}

fêw} j gjohuh}hn uvêcêdjn dòrhnhméuérho$ Rioêùvhw}h

jv h`yhu kwuvê`kn koyjd id}évnhméuhnh} }h}}hn/ choyhnnho

j gjohuh}hn uvêcj euònnhd}ah}Ś$ Gêw j ajoêoku nichdh}hoź

gjohuh}hn wéuvjwêdyj euònnhd}/ mh dhc

jv horêw} céw}énghd$ J dhaév ajuvkdfêwcźrhndéo ioyhd

rkdj}nkvêugjd uvid}h u}j`dêoêu cx}j}nkvin$ Hvhndéo j dj`y }òch` j gjohuh}hn

nichdh}hoé} uöoykujggê }huvi$ J gjohuh}hn fhohd}Śu wéuvh honhwÿoah}Ś rkodj/ aj

koyjd rhvh}éu}êck`j}õ whdmuvhwhnh} jonjocjvdêdjn j `é|nkeuingjd/ jchoyhn

gjohuh}nòvhoi uvi}xêeiõngjd j rhvh}Ś} bi`yhochv}h}in/ rj`y jnêw gh iu jrj}nkvdjn$

J `é|nkeuirhvh}éu} }êck`j}õ whdmuvhwhn cźnòméuéahv bho ohah} ajuvdêodi

j `é|nkeuigj uvhwho} nÿoòdgòvŚ hohn}wkdinxu aêoõvj}knj}/ choyhnh} h`yégnéd}

j fêwcźmidjcinê} ghbkoyêukoõ hohn}wkdinxu whdmuvhwhn ajuvdêodjn$ Nÿoòd

ghjrj}nkvõ h`yué`hnh} uhc nhoo nijojnã}jdi/ |éomêxo j `é|nkeui bénhvéuéwh/ aiuvhd

jv} cêw j `é|nkeuiwj bhouvhwho}én$

J nòrh}éui

}êrkouê`

uvjgêoykvêuêwj

ajuvdêoj}ku

wjmjwéwvénhoŚ

Dj`y

uhghuué`ź

hohn}wkdinxu

né|bhomko`kvêu



:$ Hohn}wkdinxu

fêwcźnòrh}Ś whdmu vhw

7$ J uêr}jw}ê u

}êck`j}êuj

}h}} hohn}wkdinxu aêoõvj}kd nhwhuv}ÿo j ujfê}bénwhdmuvhw} }xmfj cźnòm}h}di$

J uêrhoaj`yêu ch`jnjmêoykvêuj

J uêrhoaj`yêu} ch`jnjmêoykvõ whdmuvhw iuj bénwhdmuvhwhd nhwhuv}ÿo }xm ghjrj}nkvdi$Jv HU\#ahv ajukdoõjd j nhwhnhn h`yhmi bé#nhvéuérho akv oé}wh koyjd bkw`j}õdykcj}é#nk}/ jcirho j bkw`joci uêrkd ghoÿo ohah} }jw#}jdi j fêwcźrh}$ I}} iu hoŚuvòw bi`yhochv}h}éu}nj| j rhvh}Ś/ aj dhc uvêdménko} uêrrêo}êu}ajf} ré`wh/ rj`yiu hoŚgg dhc cźnòm}h}}hjv iwêdyfhovŚ}$ Aj eujn bi`yhochv}h}Ś whdm#uvhwwŚo ghuvéoÿdn/ j `é|nkeuirhvh}Śdhn nhooriuuvjnkwcêdykvdi j `é|nkeui} j bkw`jociuêrgj$J ajuvkdfêwcźrhndéo j nhwhuv}iwêdyö midj#cinêgj }òw}édŚ ghjrj}nkvêu dhaévué`é} jv fhohd}i/ ak`y j aimwjxoinxu uvhwrknkwcêdy} fhohdoh` nÿouŚ ghjrj}nkvêuujo dhc }xmfxn cźnòm}h}di/ |ioojdj}dyioj` eujn j rhvh}Śjrj}nkvaj} gh jv iwêdyã}êugj$ J uvhcéoyjx#}õngj cêw uvhwhodhn gh koyjd jn}ãr uvhwrk#nkwcêdyknj}/ choyhn nÿouŚ fhowh ghjrj}nkv#djn/ jdéonÿo ak`y j `é|nkeuirhvh}Ś nhvéghdch`ckvmxodj j nkwcêdynhwén$ J ajuvkd# fêwcźrhndéo riuvkd} fhohdoh` eujn bénhvéujoj|ö ghjrj}nkvêu ohah}ué`hu$ J bkw`jociuêr éwvénhoéuh eujn né|i idbkwcêeiõ joj|fêdrimhknjchwêrjo éu jv jaakv }jw}kvõ dj`y uh#ghuué`ź niéw}énhoŚ uvkb}rhwwho ohah}ué`hu$ Hvj oh`gkdykoxo}jgg wéuvh j whdmuvhwdhn$ Dhceujn jv jmk}} uêrgjd oérŚ/ ajdhc j uvkcuvé#mku uêrgjd nòvohnhmŚ fêwcźrhn éwvénhoéué#wh iu uvÿnué` rjd$ J whdmuvhw eujn jmmi` cź#nòmŚné|hu/ jcã` j bkw`joci uêrkn fõo oê}aj#}õn éu jv} éwvénhodi né|hu j njchwj iu$

Fêwcźeuk|kw}kn h`yÿ}}hu iwêdyã}êuj

J néuŚggi bhfohuv}éuhnghd koyjd eéoni}źvé#uhn iu rjddjn/ ak`y dhc eujn h`y/ ajdhcjnêw }ògg fêwcź h`yÿ}}huhd iu iwêdyã}aj}õ oh#`yhd$ Jv hoòo ajojmõ fêwcźrh} j `é|nkeuirh#vh}Ś iwêdyã}fj éu jv Ś} nòrh}Ś j euk|kw}gj }jw#}kvõ fêwcźrhnh} jx}kdõc cõmkd iwêdyã}fj jwhdmuvhw$ Ö`y nhoo honé|vhodi/ cid}aj j }hofhu fêwcźeuk|kw} h`y uvhwhorédy ohddh$ Jggjd j|ioojdj}gjd/ jcinkw jv hoòo ajojmõ fêwcźghd

j rhvh}Ś wêoé| j bénwh/jv h`y hohn}wkcku fhoh} `hdhwêo éu wêmiõ#bwhnrhdeiêu fho joj|fêddj`ykd nieui imŚnéuh#mhohccho j euk|kw}#gj }jw}kvõ rjojchddyi fêwcź bénhvdi bk`$ ]hw#céuvh}huhd `ykwuã}jdiiu h`yuvhwwh bk`djn j euk|kw}gj }jw}kvõ é|#nkeuin$ Ã`y giv}kuã}jdi ohah}/ ak`y koyjd nòvhoajojmajuujdjn h`ycêu cò`ò}} j fêwcźrhn/ak`y j nòrh}Ś fêwcźrhn oé`hoohdêooêuj céw#uénoŚmfén$ Hvvho j uvêooã}êu aj}énkdyuê`j éuh`yö}}jo j `jvmjuê`kuuê`j iu dòrhoah}Ś$

J bhfohuv}éuhn ohah}Śué`hi

J oh`koeuõgg/ j uvêcã}õ`é|hu nòwdyhvh}ghd}òw}édŚ bhfohuv}éu$ Fhohdoh` cêw koyjd uvê#cã}õ`é|hu uvkb}rhwhn êoodjn whdmhonhvéuwh/choyhnnho j fêwcźrhn ckv`êuj éu riuhonhmé#uh ckmhoohvah}Ś$ Rivu`êodi ohah}/ ak`y j rh#vh}Ś euhohnréuhiwh/ éu jv hohn}wkdinxu whdm#

uvhwhn ghjrj}nkvêuêwj j `é|nkeui ak`yjd ri#uhonhmin$ Jv hohn}wkdinxu jo`kwi}cxukn/ ch#oyhnh} j rhvh}éu} }êck`j}õ whdmuvhwhndéoajuvdêoxdn/ ã`y nibhfohuv}ah}Śn$Cêukmin oé|éunéd} nòrh}nhvin j ajwmrhw bhf#ohuv}éuh$ H`y |wõgj|jmkd j fêwcź bénwhdm#uvhwh j rjoõuê`ku hohchirho fhohd rjd/ j fêwcź ckv`êuê} riuvkd} j uvêcã}õ`é| uvi#cxoêofj$ Hddhn jv hoŚdyh jv/ ak`y |éomêxo jnéuhmhoci imŚnh}/ jci} j uvkb}rhw ohh`yuvh#wźuã}/ ã`y rjoõuê`ku nòwÿocédyhn nòvò}} rivu#`êoaj}fxn$

Uvjgõ Gêoid} hoŚjmêuj

dykcêd ohfh`yhv}h NŚbjoxui \êo


Dhcvh}nòvi Uvêooã}cêdykvêuiéu Rêcnhvhoéui Nb}$

:<90 Gxmj|hu}/ Rjunj|x x$ 2+j$ :+:$

\ku}jeãc6 :=81 Gxmj|hu}/ \b$ 15$

]hohbkd+bjq6 7:8#<:95/ 7:2#:818/ 7:2#:810/ =02#<995/ =02#170:H#cjio6 j`hd}u|hmLjqhohwk$ax ‧ ppp$j`hd}u|hm$ax

Nkc|oh}} dhcvh}nòvi

éu ghobòomi uvêooã}cêdykvêu/

ghobòomi `ykwubx}êwuvko`êoj}/

bxrjwkvêu éu }hofhu nòwþ

rêcÿ`yid}évéu*

:

7



òw}éd}/ ak`y Gxmj|hu} h`yin ghouŚ nhwÿ#

oh}éghd ré`vh}} bxrjwbhojmj}k} j ukbŚw/

u|heiêoiu ciqhw bhoé|ã}cédyź/ dé`y}hd`hoyhu

fêwcźrérho/ j gh}kd}jw }êoy} dkwcêo uvid}wh

wjnkm}ên/ j mkg j uvknêuku cõmkd bkw`k}}/

ch`jnjmêoykvjdmõ jv jdyj` ch`nò}éué}/

j wjnkcêdy chddyiué`h dhc ajojm}j ch`

j ch`hd`hmh}} chddyiué`h}$ Cidmhd huh}#

wh jv h`yégnéd} iu cj`ju uöoy|kd}ö uvhwnh#

vh}/ |oxuv j wjnkcêdy cij}} j fêwcź cj`ju#

uêì uöoy|kd}fj nwi}inxu |kvãeiõgj nhwÿo} ã`y/

u j bkw`êuiwêdy cij}} jv j fêwcź akuuv}hd`h#

oyéahv né|hu} niuué fkggwj iu }koõmk}}$ J é|#

nkeuirhvh}Śdhn hvhd }édyhn chd}éd }haê} j

gjowj njdyjw j nwi}inxujgg$ Jv ö} éu imŚfêwê#

ui nòwÿocédyhn nirêoõjn rko}jn/ }joêd }öouê#

`kujd iu —hojo}j}}ên– j rhvh}Ś}$ J dhrhvh}}

ahoy nòvhoéghd/ choy h`y dkwcêo ö}nhwhuv#

}hvŚméu ― gêw j uvknêukudêo }ê`jgg }éwwho ―/

j `é|nkeuirhvh}Ś j chdh}iwêdyj uvhwid}i né}

uêr nòvÿo j gjo komjoi !ghouŚ) uêrgjd ajojm}$

Huh}oh`hu hoŚ}}h ajojmõ fêwcźrh} rj`y rj#

ojcioyhd cêu vjrjwõ nÿouŚ nòwÿocédy} dhc

wò`vã}hdhn j fh`yvŚnòdyrhn/ u ã`y éwnhvh}} j

fhovŚoêc|êu rhvéwoéuź nhwhuv}hvŚméu ghaj#

ojmêui |kd}fêwj$ I}} vòom rko} j oêc|j/ ã`y dhc

nhooh}} ch`êoodij/ j }jeak`wêb oj| }jdöuê`j

uvhwid} dhc rko} dj`y j uhghuué`h/ mh jvéw}

ohdmÿoh}hu }hc|õgjd éwnhvh}}/ j nhvmh}i uh#

ghuué`h cid}h`y =8 nc+õ rko}$ Ch`nhvm}h

j fêwcź jv hobkwmxoêu}/ cjfm j nwi}inxu ãruvj#

njuvwj éwrh j rhvh}Ś êooã}êuj uvhwid} jv} éwvé#

nho}h/ ak`y rjojcioyhd bxweuj vjf fò}} j aê}uõ

bx}õcź/ huh}oh` j bhoé|ã}cédy bhoŚo/ —cid}aj

ho}òw} rkodj rjojci–/ bk`jocjvk}}$ Ch`ã}éoé#

uh uvhwid} }haê} hv j ujfê}ku/ nkdnwé}jggjd

dhc ch`fhoòo} cźuvjni |wkgoécj `hdhwêo#

}j jv}êd j }krêggi }òw}édéuhnh}/ ã`y j nj#

dyjw} dhc }xm}j ghrhddi/ ukmwõmõ dykck}

aj`yrj bknkvj}kujd fkggwj }éw} ni/ j fêwcź

gjo komjoi nhwénukwj j }jojf}õo hohchonhmh}}/ j

fêwcź j fkgg komjoêwj gkwxo}$ J fêwcź j fkgg

komjoêd iu cé` wòrim ö}kd euöuvk}}/ cjfm j

fkgg komjoi ö}uvh`éoyhd ê}bkwmxorj ― jv i}}

oê}aj}õ bédyné|hndhn iu ch`bhohoŚhd ―/ j

fêwmêd jv ö}|êoyênj} horêojuv}õ fêwmj/ iooh}#

rh |jwnkuã}k}} }hwÿoh}éd fx}k}} dyx`jokcgj$

Hvhd réàhoyvh}ghd j bhoé|ã}cédy dhc rêo}

oh jv jorêvwõo/ h`y nhréu gh}kd bkoy} ni j }jw#

}êoygõo jv ö}}hu}wh$ J ukbŚw aj}êwkvk}} êooã}êuj

uvhwid} }haê} rjojcioyhd cźuvjni aigj ohah#

}h}} jv knj jddjn ― j nkwêggijngjd h`yég#

néd} |wkgoécê} dhc éwvénho}/ ― ak`y fêwcź#

rérho dhc }xm}j jv jmk}} ãrh} }hofhuã}hdi/ u

hggh j réòh}hu ahoyvh}gh nhwÿo}$ J gjohuh}

nòrh}nhv}éghd j fêwcź joj|kujd ch`wkd`ê#

oõmk}}/ j rhvh}Ś} uvhcéoyi uéwÿoéuuho nõwaêv#

gj uvêooã}k}}ên$ Dhc rko} niu bhojmj} j nòrh}#

nhvcédyhn bhouvêckoêuj/ j chd}éu*

]ògg cj`yjwêvj} iu ohah}h}} rkodj/ u ö`y iu

êoo}jc j rivu`êoj}akv ― cidmi` h`yégnéd} ã`y

fêwkn ho ―/ }joêd j rhvh}Śdhn i`jvj ohah}/ hvéw}

nhwhuuÿn ch`/ }ògg uvhc }òggh} oê} joj|kd

}ògg jonjokccjo iu ê}rivu`êo}xn j }hofhu fêw#

cźuvhwnhvh}h}$ J ahoyuvãdhd néuvÿo} né|h#

nhd/ jako j fêwcź jv komjoêd bhnrh j bx}õcź#

wéuvhd fõ ch`bi`yhoah}Śuéì ohah}Śué`hnh}

nãdêo}/ dhc oê}uvin uhcci nÿoòdòu$ Gêw éd

dhc rko}jc fhohd/ mh j chd}Śuòn j }jo|wj êo#

oã}k}} fêwcźrh} rkd}j}di iu }xm}ên nÿoòdòuhgg

|wkgoécj déonÿo$ \hmi` hv ohah}dh jv h`yin

nwi}inxu }hwÿoh}/ j bhobÿ``huv}éu nòwdyhvh}h$

Jvjv rjojcioyhd wx`õ}òwéu/ jorêv horêo}kvêu

whêoiujd knkvaj}dj koyjd nòwÿocédy}/ jci

chd}éd j fêwcź u}jgioi}êuj h`yin |ioojdj}wõo


]

J nòrh}nhvcédyhn

Nòvohnhméugiv}kduê`

GH]KDNHCÉDY GKWXOÊUH`y njdyjwkmêu }òw}édh}h•

Hv ukajuhc bk` hocöodi/ cêw chìd} h`y }hahwjx}õ#gkwxoêu; Dhc ohah}dh hv}

rjojak`yjd ch`jnjmêoykvdi rjojci knku niu cźuvjni ch`komêuujo; \hmi` dhc

iu rko} dj`y j uhghuué`/ ak`y ohah} hv; Néwméuhn éu néwméuhn }koxo}jn hoŚ/ jcinkw

ch`nj|}jc jv ÿ`yh}/ j gh}kdciqhwhu }hahwjx}õ bhogkwxo} j ghorêwkugjd h`y

h`yuvhwź nhwhuv}hvŚméughd$ U chnnkwj uvhwhdeuéfh rko} j ukbŚwdhn/ ak`y —eujn– j fêwcź uéwÿo}/ ch` h`y nieui} Ś éu j fêwmj éu j |jwnkuã}k}} niu }hwÿoh}$ Mh uhcci cêu/

|o$ dhc êeukw`k}} h`y iunkoêu yhwhneuk|kw} j fêwmêd• Cidmhd érghd }joêonkvkc

h`y#né} jonjokccjo ioyhd huh}}ho/ u jciéw} j cźuvjni uvjnéw}Ś oê}õ}hwégh nhwÿo jv

huh} jv jvéw} rjd/ chw} j `é|nkeuirhvh}Ś cźuvjni aigê} réo jv huhcédyhn cò`ò}}$



j cêuinwj mwjuv}inxujd ch`rêo}kvin$ Oê}}jc

cêw ioyh}* ]ògghd iu réì`cêuv}xn j fêwcź

jouõ wéìõfê}/ mh cé` eujn j|wõeunj/ cidicê#

oiu horêo}kvêu} uhc }xm}xdn wò`vã}hdi$ Cêuin

ohah}Śué` ohah}dh/ aj j bhoé|ã}cédy hockv#

mxo/ ohrêoin/ jvjv ã`y rêo}kvin ch` j fêwcźuöoy|kd}fj/ u nhwÿo koyjd ahoyvh}gh/ jci givk#

dyku ckv`êuiwêdykngjd chùknuvkwkvvj j

nkenêvj}k}/ j gkwxoêurhuvéoy}$ Mh dhc/ ioyhd

uhc rko}/ cidmòuuvh j }jw}êoy bhoé|ã}cédy

h`yh}ohd |kd}fêd uvjnjm} ho jv h`yin wò`vã#

}Ś|êd} eujrjwfj$ Jv iu hoé` dyiorêdrjoõ/ ak`y

hv dhc hoŚvcédyh/ ajdhc idnêgg nòrh}nhv#

cédyh rko} jv huhcédyhndhn$ Mh cé` aj

nkwêggi horêo}kvêu iu oh}} rkodj/ j bhoé|ã}cédy

j }òggi wò`vã}éui |kd} chd}éd dhc }xmk}} ho#

ckvmxodi/ jvjv hddhn huh}oh`hu nòvwhaj}êuj

nivêwaj}õ$

]haê} j oh`dj`ykgg fõidmxoj} hoohdéwh uideukoyjd hwhmcédy/ jci joê}êcjuv}jdê j rhvh#

}Ś êooã}êuji}/ rj`y cj`yjwêvdê j gkwxoêu hoŚv#

cédyhi}$ Jv jv i`jvuê`/ ak`y éw}hc éd j rh#

vh}Ś hockdmêuê}/ jcinkw j bxweuj vjfknj} hc#

oã}i/ jcinkw j fêwcź gjo komjoi nhwénukwj j }j#

ojfwõo hohchonhmh}}/ u j nwi}inxu ahoyvh}gh nh#

wÿo}/ wheuh`h}}/ wk|k`k}} cidmhd/ aiuvhd jg#

dkwcêoiu }hwahoéuhn fhohd}nhv}hn/ uvhwnhvh}i

wéuvhn hockvmxo}jn/ eujrjwkm}jn$ \hmi` eujn

=8 nc+õa rko} j fêwcź uhghuué`h/ fòd j nò#rh}nhvŚ bhorh}éu* I`hd hddyi iu hoé`/ h`yuvhwź

bivinj* Jv j gjf hvvho j bwêdyj njdyjwkmêuujo/

ak`y jddjn uhghuué` òuuvhbÿ``éuhi dhc

h`yhdhuhd jwêdykujn$ Jvjv aj h`y jvkdku

ãrchdh}h} dévÿdn/ j uhghuué` dé`yvh}érho

jwêdykujd nòvhoã}ÿdn j nwi}inxu }jw}kcêdy#

akv/ u cé` jv iu |wkgoécj jv ioyhd cj`ju

uöoy|kd}ö fêwcźrho/ ak`y jv dhc nieuöuvêu#

wj/ ajdhc idnêgg gkwxoêuwj ajfojcku/ nÿoò#

dòuhd fõ }j|jmêuö ö}bhoÿoh}hd$ Dhc aiuvhc/ak`y dh oh}} rkodj }iuv}êgjd hvvho jv jmk}}

fêwcź rhvh}Śfh/ eujn gheuöuvk}} h`y aigj ―

ukn niu j|wõ }édyhvŚ h`yuvhwwh òuuvhhunÿ#

mò}} hoohdh ―/ ã`y ohuvdhn j gjohuh}hn/ ujfdê#

oj}ku cõmkd j é|nkeuirhvh}Ś ÿo j rkoêddêo/

ã`y fhohd huh}ghd iu dhaév chd}Ś nòwÿocé#

dyhnh} }joêodi$

Gkdeuéw Uêdmkw ‧ 5<+912#8=18


:―7$ J nêghonò}h`

éu hohn}wkcê`dhuhu

nj|eukoõ/ rjojcid}

jv xffohdykcj}

jvkdkuã}êuêwj uvko`êoõbhméovh}i h`yué`

Jonjocjvaj}õuê` éu cźnòméu

Jv joj|hor/ jv xffohdykcj}#ohko#

rjuõ òdcj`êgjd dhc uvêcã}

öfmkduê`djn/ h}}Śo bÿ``h}ohdÿo

dhc }hwfhm} ho uvéohu nòwghd$

Jci öfmkduê`/ ak`y nÿoòdgòvŚ

nj}h`õwiêfö `é|nkeuin !bxw`kd/

njcikd/ jx}õgxuv)/ dj`y éw}énź

cxdnj`é|hn/ wjn}êwi }jw`kdeên/

wjnkmõmjwxn/ mh jnêw nkwcêdy#

vj}i `é|nkeuin rj`y |êdeéokvk}}

éw}énuvêooã}õ }hahw`é|nkeuin ré#

mhocéwh h`yjwêd} nirêoõjd jonjo#

cjvaj}õ$ Dideu fêwcźok|êu/ iooh#

}én}hohd ajuvdêoj} rj`y jv jmk}}

`é| nhvhoéui iuchwh}hi déonÿoi

cxdnj/ jci bknkvk}} gjohuh}rh#

uvéoy} fhohd} rj`y fhohd}Śu jdyj#

ì nêwwjo fêwaj}$

Dj`ykd |wjn}inxu/ ak`y dideu

uvÿnué` nõmuvêcknwj/ fhouvj#

rjnwj/ jcinh} jv hcghw ajfojcku

hobhohf}hdi/ òuuvhnhrhwdi/ hvêo}jo

j uvkw`kudjn idmxoõ cxdnjnhv#

méu jnêw oh}io}êuujo/ cjfm dhaév#

nhu öfwjnõmkoêuujo/ —dxooêvêuujo–

iu nhvmŚmah}/ jci eujn imŚrhuv#

}hué` éu gkuuvöuê`$ Dhc nhoo

béodi jv idmã}õnxoeukn hook|êuê}õo

rj`y iooh`êoiu cêukoj}néuvã}éu}Śo$

Jv xffohdykcj}#éwvénhoŚu whdm#

uvhw uvid}éd j cźnòméuahv uvÿn#

ué`hu êwjcnòw} rj`y jv ÿvhc#

jdyj`#hooê}õ whdmuvhw} goknnko#

fj/ iooh}rh komfj bho/ mh jnêw bÿonh#

jf}õ dyi}êui bxdneiõfj iu ohah}$

\jwjcé}hwhn

J néuvÿoén h`y eukcj`k} jonk} j

akvvê nj|eukoõmõ 7 cé}hwhu rh#

vh}énnò}h``ho éu hohn}wkcê`dh#

uhu nj|eukoõrjo/ jv houŚ ghcx}j#

}k}} }ã|xu 7= rko}ku h`yhdbhuvÿo}#

ué`wŚo cźnòm}h}ah}Ś/ giv}kuã}én

nòvghin}j}êuêrjo$

J néuvÿoén 0< ciooicé}hw uvéohu/

8= ciooicé}hw cj`ju éu =< ciooi#

cé}hwhu j ghé|ã}éui céoyué`h$

Chcõwiêfj cjqicxc 7<< xff#

ohdykcj} }êwkoêuêwj jonjocju/

h`y bŚdhn eéouvhwź jnêw 7#5 xff#

ohdykcj}ê} iu wò`vã}hdi$ J |wk`#

wjckvêuakv éu cźnòm}h}éuahv

uhccibéoh nih`éuvã}Ś néuvÿoénwh

dideu uvÿnué`$ Jv jmj}bhoiuchwéu

nhrhuhgg/ cid} : cêukm|hwe$

J nòrh}nhvŚ ckmhoohn bhfohuv}é#

ui iwêdyê} }hwcéuvh}huhd dj`y#

gjd ch` bk`fj aj}êwkvdi j |ijei

bk`jm}j}êu éu éwmhnoŚméu/ jci

cidmhd givkddyjo uinhwhu ohuv/ u

ohah}/ ak`y ajcjwkujd cêw ioyhd

cõmkd }hah}fÿn rémh}}é jnêw

ujfê} uvhcéoy`é|nkeuifjidnj} iu$

N$ G$

:$ J }jeak`wêb j }źwhv`éuuho/ jcinkw j fêwcź

jv komjoêwj rê`õmk}}•

7$ Eujoõn j njdyjw j ahoyuv ãdwjfv uvhwid } iu

Giv}kduê`}headinj

IDMÃ]ÊU@Ê]OÕN OH@ÖFJGG @HDHWÊEIÕFJ

Iooh}én}hohd+fk`kuxoj}ojd cźnòm}h}éu rj`y ok|êu nivêwrj*

Gêw cid} }xmfxn/ êoojdmõ j rhwuhdybx}êu/ j —fõn– éu —wkuuvjn–

nòvò}}/ jvkdgjd h`y fõ imhi` cidmhdné||hd ch`dyx`}j}õ

ch`komêu} dyöf}aj} j oh`öfjgg idmã}êu`ê}oõ#whdmuvhw

!icckgioiuhw)/ jchoy jnêw x}õoj` iu ghé|ã}ah}Ś éu j chòérŚ

whdmuvhw nih`éuvã}ah}Ś/ uknnjo giv}kduê`kujggê jojnã}aj}õ$

Hv dhc cêu/ cid} h`y ö`ydhrhvh}} gikch}winxu jvkdkuã}êuujo

― h`éuvhd |kd}kujd xffohdykcj}#ohkorjuõrjo ― cźnòmŚ

rémhohc$

: 7

: 7



Ci} nj|djn

j fêwcźrhvh}Śn euhwégh;

H`y i`jvi uh`ã}Ś}êwuj} jv x}jnkd

j }hofhuhd öf U}kdhwim`h Hqjn}

Mxk ]C }jeak`wêbk}/ jchoy uh`ã}

j dj|i bhojmj}kn ch`}hwrh#

véuéghd éu j uvjgêoykn gh}jw#

}êuêgjd$ Jcinkw j ukbŚw rhvh}/

bkoyjcj}kujd oê}fj/ ak`y jv jn#

}xêoiu einoxugõo chddyi imŚ rjd

riuuvj$ Jv} iu oê}fj/ ak`y ci ohuv

j nòrh}nhvŚ }hrénhdyué`h éu jv

cioyhd akuuvö nhoo/ ak`y oh`yhd$

Aj uvÿdh}h}/ rj`y |iahdŚ} }jw}

oê}fj/ ak`y chmmi` dhc idmxo#

aj} ho/ éu x}êdj cioyhd akuuvö

imhi` rhvh}ah}$

Hv j nifhovŚ !:$ né|) jv} cx}j}fj

j fêwcźrhvh}Śdhn/ ak`y cé` 7

õwj 81 |hweh} rhvh}ah} éu x}êdj

h`y =8 |hwehu uvÿdh}h} nhoo }jw#

}jdij$

Uvid}h j }hofhu 82:+7<<2 HN whd#

mhoh}h} —ghoh|wk`wjckv}ên– j

urém `yêw}õn j }jeak`wêbgj$ Aj

j fêwcźrhvh}Ś nòrh}i j }jeak`#

wêb fhovéuhi}/ jv joêggi uvjgêoyk#

nj} giv}kujd dhc bk`fj chùéw#

}hdi$

▿ Bkoyjcj}ku rhvh}éu !=³ õwj)

▿ Uvÿdh}hn !:8.5< |hwe)

▿ Dj|i rhvh}éui imŚ

― Whdmuvhwhu !9 õ)

― Ni}hwfhuv}h}} !:< õ)

Ni}hwfhuv}éuhn bi`yhoéuh h`y

aé}hd ghoÿo !cjq$ 7)

▿ Dj|i |iahdŚ

― Whdmuvhwhu !:: õwj h`y rh#

vh}Ś)

― Euònnhd}h}} !9 õwj)

― Hokuv}k}} !5.9 õwj)

― Euònnhd}éuhn bi`yhoéuh

!cjq$ 5)

― 7= õwêu einoxu !h`y rhvh}Ś)

▿ Ah}i rhvh}éui imŚ !82 õwj)

▿ Né}ah}i rhvh}éui imŚ !9< õwj)

▿ Ah}i |iahdŚ

― Whdmuvhwhu !=8 õwj)

― Euònnhd}h}} !7= õwj)

― Né} ah}i |iahdŚ nòv}i imŚ

!cjq$ 2 dj|)

― Whdmuvhwhu + euònnhd}h}} 7

ah}hu |hwiõmxugjd !:.:)

― Akvvêwhdmhoéu h`y aé}ahv

▿ Uv jgêoykvj}ojd ÿvhccõm

▿ Dé`ynhvhu

― J rhvh}éui einoxu nhvmh}h

― Dj|i rhvh}éui einoxu !5<

õwj)

― Dj|i |iahdŚ !9 õwj)

▿ Oh}òo}éu éu njoigwêoêu

― Nêw}yj éwrédyhuué`wh bi`yho#

chv}h}éu !nêw}yêdnéd})

― Nêw}yj oh}òo}éuwh bi`yhochv#

}h}éu !nêw}yêdnéd})

― ]jeak`wêb oh}òo}éuwh b i`yho#

chv}h}éu

― Nòrh}nhvŚ njoigwêoêuwj bi#

`yhochv}h}éu

J U}kdhwim`h Hqjn} Mxk ]C j }h#

rénhdyué`hn ghbhfhvéuh hoŚ}}

:8 |hweeho bi`yhochv}h}i j fêwcź

rhvh}Śfé}$

]hw cé uvh }h uh d/ aj jd jo õ`

}jeak`wêbku jx}õ} iu rhvh}/ j

fêwcźrhvh}Ś mòd}éué} }êck`j#

}õ ö`ydhrhvh}} MMU& whdmuvhw

dhc ajuvdêoaj}õ/ hvéw} ioyhd

huh}ghd j bxdneiõ wéuvoh`huhd/

rj`y }hofhuhd ninj|eukoaj}õ$

Gêw jv öf fêwcźrhn huh}éd eujn

kn}õghw :$ x}êd nò}hohvŚ jv öf

Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 ▿ Gxuvrioê`8<

}jeak`wêb/ j urém `yêw}õ ajvji

né|riuhoŚfédéo !j Uvho|k Jx}k#

Ekd}wko Uyu}hcu Nb}$#déo) 7<:7

cêfxu}õo cêw ghuvhwhvah}Ś$

Aj j }jeak`wêb koyjd ahoyhd

rjd/ ak`y chdh} nòvghd dhah#

vhd oê}aj}õ/ ohah}Śué` rjd jwwj/

ak`y ― h`y niu goxh}kk}a oh}òo#

}Ś nxoeukd nhwhuv}ÿo ― j }jeak`#

wêb jmj}ji} j fêwcźrhvh}Ś ujfê}

Jdmwkimku }hohbkdfêdjn dj`y#

céwh}ź nifhovŚféd dykckd nò#

rh}ahuuh$

J 7$ né|hd j dyão cx}j}fj jv jn#

}xêoiu imŚ}$ Oê}aj}õ ak`y chd#

dyi} rhvh}ah}/ jv} cioyhd céw}é#

nź |iahdéu nhoo/ ak`y nòrhuuhd/

rjojcid} jv} iu/ ak`y chmmi`

rhvh}ah} jv jmk}} dj|kd$

J 5$ né|hd jv oê}aj}õ/ ak`y

chddyi imhi` nhoo cé` |iahdŚ}

}jw}jdi j fêwcźrhvh}Śdhn/ rjoj#

cid} jv}/ ak`y j nòrh}nhvŚ }h#

rénhdyué`h h`y cjqicxc = éu

béo õwj rhvh}éu ohah}$

Jv öf bhfohuv}éudhn nòuvòdah#

}Śhd j fêwcźrhvh}Śn dhceujn

j dj|fxnj} }xmfên ch`}hwrhv#

di/ ajdhc rjoõu imŚghd oê}aj}#

fên/ ak`y chmmi` rhvh}ah}dhn/

rj`y chmmi` nhoo |iahddiÿn$ J

]jeak Ehd}hw |wk`wjccjo oh#

}òo}ah}in éu honÿomah}in j rh#

vh}Śnêw}yj iooh}rh ― ÿvhcho}h#

}Ś nêw}yj ghahoyhvéuérho ― j

}jeak`wêb jmj}ji} iu$ J oh}òo}ò}}

jmj}knj} h#cjioghd iu }krêggã}#

aj}fên• !=$ né|)

Hvhd jonjocjvêukn eujn j 0$=

rhwviõfö U}kdhwim`h Hqjn} Mxk ]C

}ã|xuö }jeak`wêbknnjo cźnòm#

dhn h`yÿ}}$

\$ @y$

Aê}}éwi|jw

RÉ@H J FHOJMÕ#CÊ@DHUHVÉUDHN;

CI] NJ\DJN

J FÊWCżRHVH]ŜN EUHWÉGH;7<:7$ kn}õghw :$ x}êd eujn koyjd fêwcźrh} ohah} bkw`jokcgjahoyhvdi/ jcighd j }jeak`wêb jonjocju né} uhghuué`fhoh}bi`yhodi$ Aj j }jeak`wêb jv} éwvénhoi/ ak`y : |hwedéo akuuvjggimhi` hoohd}ckdmêu rjd j né} fho nòvò}}/ wò`vã}i jv huhcédy}$

Ã`y j fhojmõwj ahoyhvh}} cê`dhu cêw dhc uh`ã} —|oxuv |iahdŚimŚ}– uvhwhvdi$ J nkwêggjd ÿvhcgh ahoyhvh}} fêwcźrhndéoj cêukmin fhobkwwêu bi`yhoéuh ninj|eukoaj}õ j U}kdhwim`hHqjn} Mxk]C miì}êoiu }jeak`wêbkd$

& MMU !Mwirhw Mheiuikd Ux||kw}) 3 Fêwcź#

rhvh}Ś mòd}éué} }êck`j}õ whdmuvhw

:

7 5

=



Dhceujn Wkx}hcju}hw rko}

Rjoõ i`jv/ j okdmkdi x}ejné| fõ béoéruvêvjm joj}} rjoõgjd òuuvhbkw#wk}} j Ohyojdm eé` Wkx}hcju}hw}źv|iwku hchoh}hu gxuvjirjo/ né#uŚgg cêu }ã|xuknnjo iu/ jcã` j Ohy#ojdm oé}hvh}}$ ]hofhuhd ajukdoõ u}ã#oxugjd jv JHE/ j Gwiu}ko éu @xy uvid#}éd `yêw}k}} hchoh}hu gxuvknj} éuj Ohyojdmmjo h`yÿ}}/ j @jwmdhw eé`#}Śo rêuêwko}jn ck}kwknj}/ j Ohyojdm|hmi` j uhghuué`rêo}õnj} uvêooã}k}#}j$ J }źv|iwku uvãd eujn okdmkdi fho#oh`vh}huué`/ aiuvhd }êwujuê`kdnéd}éu kwuvê`wéuvhdnéd} givkdy rko}jn gkwmõ/ vòom/ nén hchoh}huhn iu/ bhd} `yjn#wjd bhaéw rj`y rjfuvãdź uêrrjo/ rj`y hcoã}#ah}dédn j mxgoidi rj`y ghobju}i vòom éu uêw`jhchoh}hu gxuvknj}$J Wkx}hcju}hw bok}}ê} bknkvj}kujd j Ohy#ojdm ]i}jdkn rh}}én ê}/ mh nòvghd ch`fhohd#}hn cêu `yêw}õn }ã|xuji iu/ cid} |éomêxo jvJiouj rj`y CEP/ Rkork jorêvkd$ J Ohyojdmchùvźdéuh x}êd }ògghn nòv} j Pwià}/ jvHju} Ojdeu !jv h`yin oh`wé`hggi eé`) njwkuv#uvêoõn rh}}én ê} j okdmkdi gxuvkn ohuvêooã#}êuê} éu ch`fhohd}hn koyjd nkc|oh}} gxuv}`yêw}õ eé`hn iu/ cid} j Uejdij Kcdi#uvéwiê# fêdjn hchoh}hu rêo}kvj}j$ Jvkdgjd j niuhggbkw`jocö rkdjojnkd/ cidm j cji dj|i` uvé|uvêccjo hoŚbkwmxodjn h`yuvid}hu gxuvkn iuéu i`jvêd nÿoòdoh`hu huhcédydhn uvêcã}k}}/j Chwehmhu#Ghdv Ei}jwk @#n/ jvjv j euxnoõugxuvkn ch`fhohdéuh$Jv houŚ/ Okdmkddjn uvêd} aigwim gxuv |wk#}k}ã|xuê} é||hd 2 érh/ j giwcidàjci —GxuHq|k–#d cx}j}}ên gh j Pwià} niri}hohvéu#éghd/ chùvknk}} nÿouŚrho éu ghouŚrho/Rkork jorêvkd$

Cöo}imévŚ dj|wjnéuv }headinj

J bkwcj}hwrhvŚndhn uinhwÿo}/ öf/ rjoõgjdh`yhmi/ u niuué uvknj}ojd ch`fhohdéuź fêw#cźrh} jonk}dixn$ J rêvoj}wjfvkn}õo uvêcã}#rj cidmòuuvh 7= aõdj| }ho} ho jv houŚ jx}õ#gxuv/ iméd bhgwxêw 70#i bkw`jokcgj êooã}êuêi`$Jci i}} niré}hohudhn uvêcã}k}}/ j 7.7.7 jf}õ#howhdmhvéu/ jako j aê}uõ jf}õ wêjmêuxo 7+5#:+5jwêdygjd/ jnêw ch`kuv}rj iu dyi}aj}õ/ wêjmê#uxo j niuhgg jf}õuvêwdy ãrhu nijojnã}êuö j |h#

wkdwéuuvho h`yÿ}}$ J uvéorémŚ juvicch}winxu/j fêwmj bhoòoi komjokd céoyhggwh dyöoin$ Jdj||joi chdh}bédy ohmhu nijojnã}êuö ― jnêw#eujn j aê}uõ oêc|ên h`yué`huhd ― éu nòwghrhuvi j bŚbédyuvõwõ}$J ::/5 cé}hwhu/ né}}hd`hoyhu fêwcź 7/8 cé}hwuvéohu/ =/= cé}hw cj`ju éu ::/1 }kddj jv òd#uöoyj/ bkwmxoêui nòwê}céwŚfh ng$ 7:/: cé}hw$Òuuvhuhd 10 bŚ uvêooã}êuêwj jonjocju/ j réì`jojeukdy|jmoõu jouõ uvid}hd 77 ÿoŚ# éu 78 êo#oõahoy rjd/ jv ÿoŚahoyhn nòvÿo = bhdd}jw}k}}ÿoéu$ J uvjgjm |hwkdwéuv j 7$ jf}õrjo uvhc#nòv} nhwÿo} nijojnã}êuwj$ J bhouŚ uvid}hd =<ÿoŚahoy rjd/ jakrê né} oé|euŚd/ j fkgg houŚnhwéndéo éohu bkwmxoõrjo/ rj`y i`jvêd nojuuvi#nxu cõmkd/ béonòwãrhuhd/ j aê}uõ |hwkdwõo fx}aj}xdn bho éu oh$ Cidné} oé|euŚ ― houŚnéd}jv hchoh}hu gxuvkndêo ― komjoÿrh`hvéu} iunj|k}}$ J ch`êooõngjd }éwmh|oŚwhdmuvhwnòddyã}i ch` j bho# éu ohuvêooêu}/ ―0< ciooicé#}hwhu uvid}êooã}êuujo$J ajf}êuoêde j gxuv fkgg aê}uõwéuvéghd nj|k}} ahoyh}/ mh j }hw#rhvéu} éu j niri}hohvéu} fhohd#}Śuhd ch`nòddyã}h}}h/ j Uih#chdu |êwaxvjcku aigwim ajf#

}êuoêdej éu j ck}kw nòvrh}ohdÿo ajf}fj ch` jaê}uõ }hd`hoy}$ Jv HHR uvid}ź Exccidu IUGhuvéwijfhoź/ =/8 oi}hwhu/ dé`yahd`hwhu ck}kw78< oõhwŚu rêo}kvj}j ajf}fj ch` j hdhwê}kw}$J gxuv bk`yjuv}êuj j okdmkdi 51#ju rkdjokd/jchoyhd jv houŚ fêwcź iu bkw`jokcgj êoo}/7=/=0 oi}hw+:<< nc éw}énwh jmõmk}}/ j ch`#uvknk}} bkw`joci riuvkdykn nòvh|h}}h/ jci|kd}kujd bhoh/ j dkwcêo mãvhock}kwku/ jx#}kcj}jrêo}õu gxuvkndêo céw} =1/98 oi}hw+:<<nc éw}éndhn$ J fhohd}Śu nòo}uéèuònnhd}éuchooh}} dj`ykd oédyh`hu uvhc|kd}/ ak`y jbhoéwh euònnhd} ÿvhcjdyj`#bk`yjuv}êudjn nòuvòdah}Śhd/ j di}wk`éd#kqimkn uvid}fh }k#rêggi =</ cã` j uvioêwm wéuvheunén uvid}fh 55uvêvjoénnjo euònnhd}*J ajcjwkujd nhvmŚmŚ okdmkdi koic|ij imh# féwh cêw :9 mjwjgkuwj bk` gŚrÿodi jv öf gx#uvkngõo êooõ bok}}j$

N$ G$

Gxuvrioê` ▿ Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 8:

I`hd éwmhnhu éu h`yhmi fêwcź uvÿoh}h}} dhcwé` éu cêw bkw`jokcgj iu êoo}jn jv houŚ

|éomêdyji jv öf okdmkdi hchoh}hu gxuvkndjn$ J bkwcji wéuvoh}hnghd jv :98<#hu

érhn nhvmh}é} imévŚ/ j Ohyojdm Wkx}hcju}hw rkdêuji bhmhvah}Śn bho/ mh jv x}ju}éw iu

cöo}imévŚ joj|rh}Ś rkdêujigjd éu jv ÿoéuhn bkwcêfêrjo/ dhc ghuvéorh j béonòwãrhu

aê}uõ |hwkdwõo$ J nÿoohc cò`ò}} dj|fjidn h`yin oh`nkwuvhwźgg ajf}êuoêdejéu cźuvjni ch`komêuji whfohdhn/ jv jouõ uvid}hd réì` jojeukdy|jmoõu nijojnã}êuujo

éu uvjgjm |hwkdwéuuvho$

Jv koic| ij ch`nhv méuéi` :9 fêwcź ê oo bkw`jok cgj

:―7$ Jci ò}oh} cjwjm}6 jv h`ynkwi 5#}hd`hoyhu/

hchoh}hu JHE }wkoinj} imévŚ/ õwiêu hchoh}hu

5―=$ H`yuvhwwh ckmhwd éu nojuuvinxu bkwcji

u}ãoxu ― òcgòoyź aê}bjo éu }h}Śê}chdh}/

béonòwãrhu aê}uõ |hwkd/ j né}}j`ku jf}õrjo

8$ J bhouŚ x}ju}éw 2$ Jouõ uvid}/ jv houŚ oé|euŚrho

:

7

= 5

8

2

Gxuvghcx}j}õ

ÖFFÊUVßOH]H]]OKDMKDI HCHOH]HUHN

J QQI$ uvêvjm aigwimgxuvj/ nojuuvinxu u}ãoxufh`yhnnho



Nwjr}hq#Nÿadh eéèuk|kw} oh`öfjgg

bhfohuv}éuź jx}õgxuvj dkwcêo |jmoõ#

cj`juuê`ö/ :7 cé}hwhu jx}õgxuv$ Nòvho h`y

érh hoaj}êwkv}xn/ ak`y j :9/8 ekoku nhwén#

whdmuvhwź jx}õgxuvknj} nkwuvhwźuã}fÿn$ J

ckmhwdivêoêu ahoyh}} jvkdgjd öf jx}õgxuv

uvÿoh}h}} ― ckdmfj Uvkcgj}a Icwh bŚnkdu}#

wxn}Św/ j nx}j}êui#bhfohuv}éui rhvéwi`jv`j}õ#

ahoyh}}hu$ ― Hddhn fh`yéghd oh}} hoŚuvòw jv

Hekdhoo/ cjfm niu imŚ cöorj jv Idkrhoo$ Jv HE

éu IE }ã|xukn bhfohuv}éuhnéd} oé}whfò}} Hekdhoo

7<:: mhehcghwéghd mhgÿ}êo}/ jv Idkrhoo

uvjncji |whcihwfh j }ònòoi gxuvbhuv}irêokd

rko}/ iooh}rh jv hv} ch`hoŚvŚ dj|kd @yŚw#

ghd$ Dh`yrhd cj`yjw céwdòn/ }headkoõ#

`xu/ uvhwuvêc}hwrhvŚ cxdnêfêdjn cjfm h`y

érhu cxdnêfj jv jv jx}õgxuv/ jchoyh} j }ò#

nòoi gxuvbhuv}irêo nòvòdué`h oê}aj}k}}$

Ckmhwdivêoêu ahoyh}} bhfohuv}éu

Jv hoŚmònh}/ jvjv jv HE éu IE }ã|xuknj} nhm#

rho}én j Rkoêd#}êwujuê`kn/ iooh}rh x}jujin$

HoŚggihn j niu bk`yjuv}êu}/ jv jojeukdy ÿvh#

cho}h}éui nòo}ué`hnh} éw}énho}én/ x}õggijn

|hmi`/ ak`y j 1<< cc#hu |jmoõcj`juuê#

`kd nédyhochuhd x}jvaj}}jn/ cirho j dj#

`ykgg eukcj`fjinj} joxo/ nÿoòd iu ho }xm}ên

ahoyhvdi$ Jv hcoã}h}} gxuvkn ÿvhcho}h}éuh

ukwêd ukn }j|juv}joj}/ éuvwhré}ho yźo} òuuvh$

Hvhn giw}knêgjd/ iooh}rh j |ije i`édyhi} bi`yh#

ohcgh rérh nhvmŚmò}} ho j bhfohuv}éu$

@jvmjuê`ku ÿvhcho}h}éu

Jv h`yin bŚ eéo j gxuv `jvmjuê`ku ÿvhcho}h#

}éuh rko}$ Hddhn éwmhnéghd ch`cjwjm}xdn

jv òdakwmõ njwkuuvéwij rêvuvhwnhvh}déo ―

cjqicêoiujd bi`yhohcgh rérh j gxuv giv}kd#

uê`ê}$ Cjwjm}jn j aj`ykcêdykudêo/ j uvknê#

ukudêo niuhgg/ mh j Ewhmk gxuvkndêo ghrêo}

:9/8 ekoku céwh}ź nhwhnhn/ hv cêw òdcj`ê#

gjd iu jv} fhohd}i/ ak`y jojeukdy chdh}néuv

}òch`ź jx}õgxuv} }xm}xdn nãdêodi ÿ`ybh#

ohidndhn$ J cêw givkdyã}k}}/ midjcinxu Bij}

ck}kw} h`y ch`bhohoŚ cheajdinxu rêo}õrjo

|êwkuã}k}}xn$ Jv hwhmcédy6 dj`ykd nhmrhvŚ

ÿvhcjdyj`#bk`yjuv}êu$

Hw`kdkcinxujgg cxdnjahoy

Bkd}ku uvhc|kd}néd} nhvho}ÿn j ukbŚw nòw#

dyhvh}é} iu$ J fhohdoh` bx}õ fêwcźrhndéo ukn#

njo nédyhochuhgg cxdnjahoyh} jojnã}k}}xdn

ni j gxuv rhvh}Śfh uvêcêwj$ Nédyhochuhgg/

chw} dj`ykgg oh}}$ Hv} ö`y éw}ÿn ho/ ak`y

h`ywéuv} j gxuv choouŚ }öodyöoêuê} ch`dò#

rho}ÿn/ cêukmukwgjd |hmi` j Ewhmk gxuvkn#

wj hmmi` fhoohcvŚ —ghaövêu}– chùvÿd}h}#

}ÿn$ Dj`ykgg/ uvéohuhgg oh}} j uvéorémŚ/ ã`y

cé` }ê`jgg oê}õchvŚ} giv}kuã}xdn j gxuv#

rhvh}Ś uvêcêwj$ J ukbŚw nòwdyhvh}édéo cj#

wjmrj/ j cźuvhwbjokd iu cõmkuã}k}}xdn/ j

nj|eukoõnj}/ jv hoohdŚwvŚ oêc|ênj} névnòvh#

ohggwh ahoyhv}ÿn/ hvêo}jo hw`kdkcinxujggê

}h}}ÿn j nhvhoéuÿnh}$

Hohn}wkcku }h}ŚuvhooŚvŚnh} é|ã}h}}ÿdn gh$

]xmfxn/ hv dhc h`y oxqxubhouvhwho}ué`/ mh

jddyigjd ch`nòddyã}i j rhvh}Ś cxdnêfê}/ aj

j noãcê} ghnj|eukofj/ rj`y jcinkw j `yöf}êu}

ohrhuvi/ jv jgojnkn jx}kcj}inxujd vêwõmdjn$

Jv jx}õgxuv dj`ykgg ÿvhcjdyj`}jw}êoy}

nj|k}}/ j }ògg cid} 7=< oi}hwhu }jdnnjo ch`#

dòrho}ÿn j gxuv aj}õ}êrkouê`ê}$

J nÿouŚ wéuvghd uvhneikdêo} akcoknbjoö wéuv}

jojnã}k}}xdn ni/ jv hoòo oérŚ oònaêwã}õ ― j aê}#

uõakv ajukdoõjd ― }ògg wéuvgŚo êoo òuuvh$

Hddhn jnnkw rjd fhohd}Śué`h/ aj nkeejd j

gxuv/ hv huh}ghd hoé` j uéwÿo} wéuv} nieuhwéo#

di/ dhc uvÿnué`hu jv h`éuvh}$

J aê}uõ wéuv nijojnã}êuêdêo }òwhnhm}ÿdn jwwj/

ak`y nimhwÿofòd/ h`y eujoêmwõo rjd uvõ$ J

Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 ▿ Gxuvrioê`87

J

EWHMK IDKRHOO :7 ― AHOYNÒVI/ UVÕOÕ JX]ÕGXUV:9/8 ekoku nhwénwhdmuvhw/ aj`ykcêdyku ajf}êuoêde/ öfmkduê`kn nãrÿo#ghoÿo

Joi` iuchwnhm}ÿdn ch` j Nwjr}hq Nb}$ Ewhmk Hekdhoo dhrh} nj|k}} hoŚrêwkui

jx}õgxuvêrjo/ déaêdy aõdj| ho}ho}érho cêwiu i}} j }hu}réw/ jvjv j Ewhmk Idkrhoo

rêwkunòvi jx}õgxuv$

J Nwjr}hq# Nÿadh euk| kw} öf bhf ohuv}éuh jv Idkrhoo dhrh } nj|k}} /

:7 cé}hwhu rêwkunòvi jx}õgxuv$ Dh`yrhd céwdòn nòvho h`yéri cxdnêfêdjn

hwhmcédyh j 1:.: uvhcéoy uvêooã}êuêwj jonjocju gxuv

Gxuvghcx}j}õ

▿ J oh`cj`yjwjgg jx}õgxuv

:

7

:$ Jv jx}õgxuv bŚnéd} nkwwõviõêooõ jeéo|wkbiokngõo ah`huv}h}} òdakwmõ rêvuvhwnhvh}ź$ J né} x}jujf}õ

h`yuvêwdyö$ J njwkuuvéwij nÿouŚ gxwnkoj}i ohchvhi nkwwõviõêooõ jeéoohchvgŚo/ joxcãdixcgõo/ ÿrhùvêo

hwŚuã}éuź cźjdyj` hohchngŚo néuvÿodhn$ J ckmxoêwiu hohcgŚo bhoé|ÿoŚ rêvuvhwnhvh} ohah}Śué`h}

giv}kuã} }òggbéoh jf}õhowhdmhvéu ch`rjoõuã}êuêwj/ ã`y cidmhd jonjocjvêuakv fõo ioohuvnhmin

7$ J ck}kw cêw j ghrêo} Bij} B\]/ DHB 2/ Hxwk R + HHR cidŚuã}éuź$ Jv 811< ec 5#hu ck}kw }hofhuã}cédyh

:9= nP/ bkw`j}õdykcj}énj :<<< Dc$ J dykcj}énrêo}õ VB 2U :<:< GK !H`hwghd néuvÿo)/ j nkwcêdycź

WGO/ E 8<< R/ jv houŚ éu j aê}uõ bx}õcź Wêgj J# 2<8/ iooh}rh Wêgj J#5<9

}ã|xuö$ J }jw}õu ojuuã}õbén Rki}a `yêw}cêdy !RW :75)$ Jv Idkrhoo

êwjwêdykujd 18 uvêvjoéngjd cj`yjwdjn cidŚuÿo/

j oh`cj`yjwjgg jx}õgxuv* J bŚh`yué`h}/

j ajf}êuoêdek} }hnid}rh dideu oédyh`hu

rêo}kvêu/ hddhn cj`yjwêvj}j/

ak`y j néuŚggi bhoajuvdêoõn

jv Idkrhoo} kdm déonÿo

ioohuv}ahuuén j chòérŚ

|jwngj / dh oh`yhdh n

jv HE/ IE gxuvknakv né|hu}

}ã|xuimh`hd h`yué`hn



aê}uõ oònaêwã}õ/ j ck}kw}éwjf}õ

jv h`yué`huã}éu nòrh}nhv}éghd

x`yjdjv/ cid} jv Hekdhoodéo$ !J

ck}kw}éwjf}õ ch`komêu} uknjd

mieuéw}én jv Hekdhoodéo/ j ck}kw

njwgjd}jw}êuêdêo/ fjrã}êuêdêo hoŚ#

dyòu/ j ck}kw nòddyhd akvvêbéw#

ah}Ś$) Jvéw} aj j né} gxuv aê}uõ

wéuvé} joj|kujd ch`rivu`êofxn/

bhobhmhvah}Śn nÿoòdgué`hn$

Dj`ykgg x}junédyhohc

]hwcéuvh}huhd dhceujn j nÿouŚ

oh}} jv hoŚm fêwcźrhnahv né|hu} j

nkw i`édyhidhn idnêgg ch`bhohoŚgg/ ajdhc

jv x}ju}éw iu$ Nkcbkw}kujggê rêo} j gxuv jv#

êo}jo/ ak`y jv jf}õn uvéohuuéì céwh}é} ch`#

dòrho}ÿn/ j aê}uõ jf}õ |éomêxo 1< cc#who oh}}

uvéohuhgg/ jv houŚ jf}õdêo iu }xm}xdn —gh}ko#

mjdi–$ H}}Śo jv} rêwfxn/ ak`y j bho# éu ohuvêooêu/

jv x}juêwjcoêu `ykwujgg oh`yhd$

Jv ÿoŚahoyhn uvêcj 8: !.:)/ jv êooõahoyhné

5</ cjqicxc 1:.: hcghw x}jvaj} j fêwcź#

ròd$ Jv x}juuvêc x`yjd cjwjm} jv hoŚm ck#

mhooahv riuvkdyã}rj x`yjdjddyi/ mh jv x}ju#

}éwdéo iu ch`cx}j}nkvin j gxuvakuuvjggã}êu

hoŚdyh$ Jggõo/ ak`y jv Idkrhoo :0 ehd}icé#

}hwwho akuuvjgg j nkwêggi gxuvknakv né|hu}/

j rhvh}Ś}éw éu jv x}ju}éw h`yjwêd} |wkbi}êo}$

Jv x}jukn cidmhdné||hd |oxuv }hwh} nj|}jn

hvvho j rêo}kv}j}êuujo$ Whcéoah}Śoh` jv x}j#

võnòvòdué` }h}uvéué} iu hodyhwin j nkwuvhwź

éu cx}j}õu ÿoéuhn$

Dj`y }hofhuã}cédyź noãcj uh`ã} cjfm j nêdi#

nxoj horiuhoéuéghd/ j oé`nkdmieikdêoõdjn ri#

uvkd} j }ahwck|ojd ÿrh`hvéu uh`ã}$ J uvÿwné#

wh uvãdhvh}} ÿrh`h} dhceujn jv öfmkduê`gjd/

ajdhc j }òggi Ewhmk gxuvgjd iu }hwrhvvÿn

ajuvdêodi$ J aimh` éruvjnwj iu bhonéuvÿo}ÿdn/ j

bź}Ś}hu}hn huh}éghd öfbjf}j/ dj`y }hofhuã}cé#

dyź rkdjoju wjmiê}kwknj} jonjocjvxdn$

OHM i}} iu/ k}} iu

X}kofêwj aj`y}jc j gxuv mivêfdfê}/ fõoohah}

houŚdhn hv }źdin uvhcgh cidmhdnidhn$ Eéo#

}xmj}kujd }òwhnhm}ÿdn jv h`yhmi bkwcjrioê`

nijojnã}êuêwj$ Jv houŚ éu j aê}uõ akcoknbjo#

dêo/ jv komjobjojndêo öf nkdeh|eiõ} jojnã}k}#

}xdn ni/ gêw jv komjobjodêo cjwjm} j bhuvã}h}}

ohchvhu ch`komêu hvhndéo j }ã|xukndêo iu$

Riuvkd} —ho}źd}– j Ewhmk gxuvknwj fhoohcvŚ

oêmjjf}õ ch`komêu/ cêubjf}j bhobk`j}êu} é|ã#

}h}}ÿdn ni j oêmjjf}õn dyi}êuêwj$

Jv Idkrhooghd bŚuvhwh|ahv fx}k}#

}jn j OHM bédybkwwêukn/ j akc#

oknbjo bŚbédyuvõwõi} nirérh cidm

j gxuvnÿouŚghd/ cidm j ghouŚ

}éwghd OHM oêc|ênj} jonjocjv#

}xdn$ Hv cx}j}õujgg iu j nkwêggi

bédybkwwêukndêo/ hvhndhn jvkd#

gjd oédyh`huhd dj`ykgg hoŚdyh

j niuhgg bk`yjuv}êu/ akuuvjgg

éoh}}jw}jc/ jv hggŚo nòrh}nhvŚ

`jvmjuê`kuuê`$

J Rkoêd#}êwujuê`kn horêwêujiakv

i`jvã}rj

J bhfohuv}éu nihcho} uvhc|kd}fj rko}/ ak`y jv

Idkrhoo ch`bhohofhd j Rkoêd#}êwujuê`kn ÿvh#

cho}h}éui éu cźuvjni nòrh}hocédyhidhn/ j

ajvji ahoynòvi nòvohnhméu ujfê}kuuê`jidjn$

J }ònòoi ghcx}j}õ} nòrh}Śhd j |wk}k}ã|xu

Idkrhoo jv hcoã}h}} }êwujuê`knakv nhwÿo }huv#

}hoéuwh$ Jv hvhn ukwêd òuuvh`yźf}ò}} éuvwhré#

}hohn/ nwi}inên/ ò}oh}hn bi`yhohcghré}hoérho

nhvmŚmah} ch` ― whcéoah}Śoh` ― j uvéwij#

`yêw}êu/ hvéw} nòwÿoghoÿo h`y ér cöorj cêw

jnêw bkw`jokcgj iu êooaj}djn jv houŚ

uvéwij`yêw}êuö Ewhmk Idkrhoo gxuvkn$

\j|| H$

J Ewhmk Idkrhoo :7 bŚ céwh}# !cc) éu }ò#

ch`jmj}ji !n`)6 akuuvöuê` :: 99</ uvé#

ohuué` 7878/ cj`juuê` 57<</ ch`hd`h#

mh}} òuuv}òch` :2 8<</ choouŚ bx}õcźrh

81<</ aê}uõ bx}õcźrh :< 0<<$

Gxuvrioê` ▿ Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 85

J gxuv :0 ehd}icé}hwwho akuuvjgg jv hoŚm }ã|xukndêo/ hv }ê`jujgg rhvh}Ś# éu x}ju}hwh} }h}} ohah}Śré$

Jv Idkrhoo }hofhu akuuvêgjd jvkdku / 7878 cc uvéohuué`ź/j rhvh}Ś cxdnjahoyh ã`y cé` nkcbkw}kujgg oh}}$

Öf j ghouŚ uvãdrioê`/ rjmkdj}öf ÿoéuhn bk`jmfên jv x}juknj}/ uvéohuhgghn oh}}hn jv x}jujf}õn

J nkw i`édyhidhn ch` bhohoŚhd j gx uv j akcokn bjo bŚbédybkwwêuê}õo ho}hnid}rh OHM bédybkwwêuknj} nj|k}}/jchoyhn cé` h`yhmiggé }h}}én j gxuv ch`fhohdéué}/

éu cx}j}õuuê`xn chooh}} cé` jvmjuê`kujn iu



nhoohch}ohd ahoyvh} iu/ ak`y h`y öfmkduê`

dhc rêo}fj gh j akvvê bźvò}} whcédyhnh}$ Hv

}òw}éd} j Ei}icjwn huh}éghd iu$ J `yêw}õ jv

hbòoò}} éwvh}} göuojnkmêu ahoyh}}/ j }j|juv#

}joj}knj} òuuvh`yźf}rh/ j nwi}inênj} ch`#

uvãrohorh öf rêwkui gxuv bhfohuv}éuégh nhv#

mh}}$ Cid}aj j ukwu nêw|õ}kodi nãrêddê jv

Jdjmkox Iuxvx}/ jv öf rêwkui jx}õgxuv/ j Ei#

}igxu wòrim imŚ joj}} aj}jocju uinhwhnh} éw ho/

béo ér joj}} 7<< mjwjgwj éwnhvh}} ch`whdmh#

oéu ]òwònkwuvê`gjd$ J `yêw}õ whcéoi/ dhc#

eujn uvÿoŚajvêfêgjd nhmrhoin ch` j cimi#

gxuv}/ jchoyh} oê}rj dhc iu }jw}fxn }öovõdjn

hvhnh} j whcédyhnh}$Cj`yjwkwuvêì ghcx}j}õfêwj niuué éoédn

—òo}òvh}ghd– éwnhvh}}/ mh ré`ÿo iu dhc j

fêwcź uvãdh jv/ jchoydhn ho nhoo jmdij j

gxuv}$ H`yégnéd} nÿouŚwh uknnjo ch`dyh#

wŚgg j Ei}igxu !niuué j`whuuvãrjgg ch`fhoh#

déuź) hoŚmfédéo$

J ghcx}j}k}} gxuv 5 jf}õu/ hv jv joj|niri#

}ho/ mh oé}hvin 7 jf}õu rêo}kvj}gjd iu$ Hvhnhd

jv jf}õnkd }ògg cid} 0< x}ju uvêooaj} bho j

gxuvwj/ éu i}} nòrh}nhvin j uvhdvêeiõ6 jv ÿoŚ#

éu êooõahoyhn howhdmhvéuh }ògg cid} :<<#

béoh ohah}/ hddyibéoh ghouŚahoy#rjwiêeiõ whd#

mhoah}Ś ― }ã|xugivkdyã}rêdy uvhwid}*J u}jdmjwm 5 jf}õu niri}hodéo jv ÿoŚahoyhn

uvêcj :0―72/ jv êooõahoyhné 52―82 nòvò}}

ohah}ué`hu$ J 7 jf}õu niri}hodéo :1―79 ÿoŚ#

ahoy béw j gxuvgj/ jv êooõ x}jukn uvêcj 52 éu

81 nòvò}}i$ J rjwiêeiõu ohah}Śué`hn uvêcê}

dòrhoin j ohajf}aj}õ ÿoéuhn/ hvhn nòvÿo :/ 7

rj`y jnêw 5 iu hoahoyhvah}Ś j cimigxuvgjd$

Dhc x}kouõukwgjd dhc bhohmnhv}hn ch`

Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 ▿ Gxuvrioê`8=

Cimigxuv#ghcx}j}õ

▿ Hxwõ|êdjn bhfohuv}rh

RÊWKUI#HOŜRÊWKUI

JX]ÕGXUV JV IUXVX]ÕOEI]IGXU]ògg cid} 0< x}ju/ }ògg :<<#béoh ÿoŚahoy#rjwiêeiõ

Jv Iuxvx jx}õgxuvkn fõo iuchw}hn Cj`yjwkwuvê`kd iu$ Aj dhc iu dj`y uvêcgjd

bx}djn jv x}jnkd/ }xojfmkdkujin/ ÿvhcho}h}Śin hoé`hmh}}hn j 72#55 uvhcéoyhugxuvknnjo$ Jv érhn õ}j nhmrho} }êrkouêì#}xwiu}j gxuvdjn oé}hvin }hu}réwh iu/

hv }joêd j gxuvku nòv}xmj}gjd nhréugé fhohd oérŚ Iuxvx Dkrk Xo}wj/ jchoy 70 x}ju

uvêcêwj nhoohchu/ nédyhochu ö}i}êwu$

cêfxu hohféd ch`}jw}k}} uvknêuku

Rkoêd H`yhuÿoéu uvjncji uvic|õvixc#

wj jv Iuxvx}õo h`y öf ckmhoo/ jv Iuxvx Ei}igxu

éwnhvh}}$ J dhrh jvkddjo hoêwxofj whdmho#

}h}éué}6 hv j nòvòuuéì nòvohnhméui huvnòv

j rêwkukn#hoŚrêwkukn jx}õgxuvj/ j `yêw}õ

dhrégŚo |hmi` j gxuv céwh}éwh ohah} nòrh}#

nhv}h}di$ J cimigxuv`yêw}õ Iuxvx hvvho j 9/8

cé}hwhu uvhcéoyuvêooã}õ fêwcźrho uvhwh}dé

chàõmã}jdi Hxwõ|ê}$ Hddhn éwmhnéghd jv

hxwõ|ji i`édyhnh} iu bi`yhohcgh rh}}én j

bhfohuv}éu ukwêd$

]jrjoy dkrhcghw ré`éd }jw}k}}ên ]òwònkw#

uvê`gjd j Ei}igxu |whcihwfé}$ Jv korjuõn

}joêd hcoénhvdhn wê/ déaêdy érrho hvhoŚ}}

cêw Ei}icjwn dérhd cx}j}k}} gh rêwkui ci#

migxuv} jv Jdjmkox Iuxvx$ HoŚbkwmxoaj} jv j

J



j ckv`êunkwoê}kvk}}jnwõo uhc$ Uvêcxnwjnÿoòd ahoyh} jojnã}k}}jn ni/ éu joj|niri}hoghdwêc|êrjo akvvên bkw`jokcgj j gxuv}$J cimigxuvgjd Iuxvx = AN : H8U = ahd`hwhu/8:95 ec5#hu ck}kw mko`kvin/ jchoydhn }hofh#uã}cédyh 7<= oõhwŚ !72<<#ju bkwmxoj}kd)/ cj#qicêoiu bkw`j}õdykcj}énj 250 Dc !:2<< éu72<< |hwehdnéd}i bkwmxoj} nòvò}})$ Nòwdyh#vh}rémhoci ghukwkoêuj Hxwk R/ HHR$ Jv jx}õ#gxuv ê}oj`bk`yjuv}êuj j `yêwi jmj}kn uvhwid}:1#7: oi}hw/ mh j }j|juv}joj}kn uvhwid} }hofhu}hwahoéuuho/ oé`nkdmieikdêoõ#cźnòm}h}éuuhoiu 77 oi}hw joj}} cjwjm j bk`yjuv}êuj$J rêo}õ uvid}éd Iuxvx `yêw}cêdy/ 2.: bknkvj#}ö/ cheajdinxu$ Hxwõ|êgjd rêwkui gxuvkn#gjd jvéw} idnêgg jv jx}kcj}j uhghuué`rêo#}õ jv horêwêu/ hvéw} j nãdêoj}gjd Jooiukd 8.:bknkvj}ö jx}kcj}j rêo}õ iu uvhwh|ho$Uvid}éd k|eiõ j njwgjd}jw}êuchd}hu Rki}acê`dhuhu wh}jwmhw$Cé` déaêdy fhoohcvŚ6 j bkwmxoõnòwux`êw292< cc/ j nj|juvnkmõné|huué` 51/2 uvê#vjoén/ jv ÿvhcjdyj`}jw}êoy 7:8 oi}hwhu$J rêwkui cimigxuv `jvmj` bhouvhwho}ué`ź6j cêw hcoã}h}} ckv`êunkwoê}kvk}}#wêc|êdnãrÿo u}jdmjwm jv êooã}aj}õ oé`wx`õu rhvh}Ś#ÿoéu/ j ukbŚw chooh}}i éu jv houŚ jf}õ bź}ò}}

ÿrh`h/ j gxuvrhvh}Ś uvêcêwj vêwaj}õ iwj}#}jw}õ} jojnã}k}}jn ni/ uvid}éd j ukbŚw cxdnê# fê} uh`ã}i j nòmoêc|j/ uhghuuéàj}êwkoõ iurjd j gxuvgjd$ J }éwmh|oŚwhdmuvhw jv x}j#ukn nédyhocé} uvko`êofj/ j miì}êoiu oé`nkd#mieikdêoõ ghwhdmhvéu ö`yuvid}éd$ J }koj}õajd`fhovéu j }òggi nòvohnhmŚ} bi`yhochv}h#}i$ Jv x}juÿoéuhn cźjdyj` rêvöjn/ uvòrh}#gkwã}êuujo$ Joj|bhouvhwho}ué` cé` j wêmiõEM#ohfê}uvõrjo/ rjojcid} j miì}êoiu õwj$Bi`yhohcwh céo}õ jv k|eiõu oiu}j iu$ Cêw hc#oã}h}}ÿn jv Jooiukd 7:<< 8.: bknkvj}ö jx}k#cj}j rêo}õfê} éu jv jx}kcj}j rêo}õu niri#}hoahv j Rki}a wh}jwmhw}$ Nÿoòd whdmhoah#}Ś Hghwu|íeahw bź}Śnéuvÿoén/ aŚuvi`h}ho}mx|oj ÿrh`hvéu/ ÿvhcjdyj`#hoŚchoh`ã}Ś/hohn}wkdinxujd êooã}aj}õ nÿouŚ }ÿnwòn/ |jw#nkoõwhdmuvhw/ }koj}õnjchwj/ x}ju}éwi njch#wj/ djri`êeiõu whdmuvhw/ OEM ckdi}kw/ MRM/C\5#ohfê}uvõ/ ukbŚwnjgid/ uvŚdyh`hvéu/mãuv}êweuên éu ch}êobédy$Éwmhnhuué`6 jv Jdjmkox Iuxvx dhc vêwnõvin ho j}}õo/ ak`y cj`yjwjgg oh`yhd j gxuv/ jvic|kw}Św éu jv Iuxvx `yêw nhwhui jddjn ohah#}Śué`é}/ ciné|| ohah}dh j cj`yjw bŚh`yué#`hnh} ghé|ã}hdi j gxuvgj* Hv ÿ`yghd cêw hoiu nhvmŚm}hn j }êw`yjoêukn* \$ H$

Jv Iuxvx jx}õgxu vkn cj`yjwkwu vêì ic|kw}Ś wh6

Ic|i`hw ]wjmh Nb}$

::8: Gxmj|hu}/ Céoyböwõ x$ =$

]ho$6 .52#7<+805#57#97

H#cjio6 idbkLiuxvx$ax/ nhohchdLiuxvx$ax

ppp$iuxvx$ax

BŚgg cźuvjni/

céwh} !cc) éu }òch`jmj}kn !n`)6Ck}kw6 IUXVX = AN : H8Uekcckd wjio/ }xwgk id}hwekkohw/ = ahd`hwhu

]hd`hoynj|eukoõ6 aimwjxoinxu/ h`y}êweuêu/uvêwjvRêo}õcź6 IUXVX CVP#@BBénwhdmuvhw6 houŚ#aê}uõ }hd`hoy }êweujbén/ né}#nòwòu oé`bénwhdmuvhw JGU+JUW#who/ aê}uõ }hd`hoy#wh aj}õ ohrh`Śu névibén/ ni|xbk`õbén Bhobÿ``huv}éu6 houŚ }hd`hoy6 oé`wx`õu bÿ``h}#ohd/ aê}uõ }hd`hoy6 oé`wx`õuNkwcêdycź6 aimwjxoinxu uvhwrknkwcêdyX}jujf}õn6 houŚ jf}õ h`yuvêwdyju/ ohrh`Śu/ nòvé|#uŚ jf}õ6 mx|oj uvêwdyju ohrh`Śu/ aê}uõ jf}õ6 h`y#uvêwdyju/ ohrh`ŚuCéwh} !cc)6 Akuuvöuê`6 98:8 ‧ Uvéohuué`6 7=<9 ‧Cj`juuê`6 5::0 ‧ ]hd`hoy}êr6 ==58 ‧ HouŚ }öodyö#oêu6 7:58 ‧ Aê}uõ }öodyöoêu6 79=8 ‧ HouŚ dykc}êr67<:7 ‧ Aê}uõ dykc}êr6 :08: ‧ GhouŚ cj`juuê`6

:9=:―7=2<Uöoyjmj}kn !n`)6 Òuuv}òch`6 := <<< ‧ Ujfê}}òch`6 01<<―17<< ‧ HouŚ}hd`hoy#}hwahoah}Śué`68<<< ‧ Aê}uõ}hd`hoy#}hwahoah}Śué`6 9==<

Gxuvrioê` ▿ Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 88

ßOÉUHOWHDMHVÉUHN

:0 ßOŜ ÉU 80 ÊOOÕ X]JU6

7< ßOŜ ÉU 85 ÊOOÕ X]JU6

78 ßOŜ ÉU == ÊOOÕ X]JU6

78.: ßOŜ ÉU 52 ÊOOÕ X]JU6

70 ßOŜ ÉU =< ÊOOÕ X]JU6



v Jwjdy Fêdku :7 érbkoyj#cku icdêvixcgjd éwh}}#

uéìv}hc ― nhvm}h j riuuvjhc#oénhvéu} Akwrê}a Cinoõu$ ― Wh#|ÿoŚcéwdòn uvhwh}}hc rkodjohddi/ mh Cj`yjwkwuvê`kd dhcrko} ioyhd né|véu/ eujn j Uvkr# fh}xdiõgjd/ kmj |hmi` eujoêmiknkn cij}} dhc chd}hc/ dhcjnjw}jc émhujdyêcj} h`yhmÿoaj`ydi$ J Gxmj|hu}i CźuvjniH`yh}hcwh fhohd}nhv}hc jx}õ#`é|éuvcéwdòndhn/ :907#ghdré`hv}hc$Cé` jv h`yh}hchd/ jcinkw ho#cjwjm} wjfvknj} |õ}ko}xdn ―|hwuvh j ohjmêui aj}êwimŚ hoŚ}}8 |hweeho ―/ j }hwhcgh ajwcjm#érhuhn iu ghfò}}hn/ cjfm ch`fh#ohd} h`y i`hd wêchdŚu hcghw/éu honhvmh}} ghuvéodi j Axd`j#wkejcikdwõo jvvjo j eéoojo/ ak`yj ajwcjmérhuhn nòvÿo òuv}òdmã# fjuknj} }kgkwkvvkd$ Ci ckdm}xn dhni/ dh j ajwcjmérhuhnnho rh#uvŚmfòd/ ci dhcuknêwj ré`vÿdn$Cid} nimhwÿo}/ hv jv hcghw j Axd#`jwkejcikd bhfohuv}éui bŚkuv}êoyrhvh}Śfh/ Uvh`Ś Oêuvoõ rko}$ Jv Śhockdmêuj joj|fêd ho iu mòd}ò}#}hc/ j Axd`jwkejcikdakv ch#`yhn mko`kvdi$Ã`y iu }òw}éd}/ mh cxdnêgj êooêu

hoŚ}} gh nhooh}} chddi h`y gh#uvéo`h}éuwh$ Hv cjfmdhc gjoxoÿ}ò}} ni/ x`yjdiu hoŚvŚ dj| rko}j gjwê}kc hunÿrŚfh/ ã`y dhci`jvêd ni|iahd}hd éu }iuv}j bhf# fho idmxo}jc j Ehòémi ö}wj$ Dj`yuvhwhdeuécwh Uvh`Ś Oêuvoõdjn é||hd uÿw`Śu hoid}évdirjoõfjjnjm}/ j ghuvéo`h}éu hocjwjm}$

Céwdònnéd} jx}õuvhwhoŚ Ioyhd hoŚvcédyhn x}êd uvh|#}hcghwghd j Axd`jwkejcikd#dêo nhvm}hc ― jx}õuvhwhoŚnéd}$H`y éri` mko`kv}jc nÿoòdgòvŚcźahoyhnghd/ éu eujn hv} nò#rh}Śhd nj|}jc céwdòni bhojmj#}knj}$ J Axd`jwkejcikddêo nò#}hohvŚ rko} mi|okcêunéd} givk#dyku imŚ} uvhwrivghd ho}òo}hdi$Hv} h`yégnéd} dhc iu }jw}k}}jcwkuuv yjnkwoj}djn/ cj cêw dhc}xmkn ioyhdbjf}j whdmhonhvéuwŚo jcxdnjahoyhnhd$Oé|euŚwŚo oé|euŚwh ajojm}jcbhobhoé$ :912#gjd horé`hv}hc jNÿonhwhunhmhoci BŚiunkoj ÿvhc#`jvmêuv uvjnê} iu/ hv ohìdnêggj nÿonhwhunhmhohc }headinêfê#wj rkdj}nkvõ iuchwh}hnh} jmk}}$Jv êo}joêdku rioêùvhcoéoh}h}jvéw} éd céìueujn j cźuvjnih`yh}hc}Śo nj|}jc/ hv aj}êwkv#

}j ch` j nÿoòdgòvŚ mko`knakvrjoõ akvvêêooêukcj}$ I`yhnuvhccidmhd} wjeikdêoiujd uvhcoéo#di/ j oêdykc uvhwid} }headknwj#}j j`yjc rjd$ Hv} euh||h} uhcgêdkc/ ö`y `kdmkokc/ j wjei#kdjoi}êukccjo dhc rjook}}jcuvé`yhd} j cxdnêc ukwêd$

Öf }hwÿoh}/ öf bhojmj}kn :911#gjd j Axd`jwkejcikdgéeui ohêdyrêoojoj}êakv nhwÿo#}hc/ 97#i` mko`kv}jc k}}$ Jci#nkw riuuvjfò}}hc/ rjojak`y dhc}h}uvh}}/ jak`y j Axd`jwkejci#kddêo chddhn j mko`kn/ hoaj#}êwkv}jc/ nhwhuhn rjojci cêucxdnjahoyh}$ Hnnkw }joêonkv#}jc Id`h Pjw}aj juuvkddyjo/ jvI`djv @hoohw} @cgA ÿ`yrhvh#}Śférho$ Hv j eé` rko} jv h`ynkwiN@U]#kwuvê`kn ]ahwck Nid`#nh#whunhmŚfh$ :997#ghd Śn iu éwhv#}én/ hofò}} j rêo}êu imhfh/ ÿvoh}nò#}Śnh} nhwhu}hn é||hd$ Hv dhnhcj oh`fkggnkw fò}}/ h`y érhd ê} fx#}joénku whdmuvhwghd mko`kv}jc$J ]ahwck Nid` jvkdgjd hoaj}ê#wkv}j/ h`y ahoyi eé``ho nò} nh#whunhmŚi uvhwvŚméu}$ Hnnkw |ê#oyêvk}} jv jnnkwi J`hd}xc Nb}$éu éd$ Jv hoŚdyòcdhn jv uvêcã#}k}}/ ak`y fõo iuchw}hc j |ijek}/cj`ê} j }hwcénh} cźuvjnioj`/ ri#uvkd} dhc rko} eé`hc$ Jv J`hd#}xc whdmhonhvh}} eé``ho/ hvéw} j]ahwck Nid` rhoÿn nò}ò}} uvhw#vŚméu}/ hd`hc |hmi` hojmêui#éw}énhuã}éui/ uvhwrivchdhmvuhw#néd} jonjocjv}jn$ Cj`yjwkwuvê`chooé cé` ch`nj|}jc jvkddjoWkcêdiê} éu Gxo`êwiê}$ HoŚuvòwjv J`hd}xc Nb}$#dhn uh`ã}h}}hc

uvhwriv} oé}whakvdi/ jggj cxd#nj}êwujnj} }joêodi$ ß`ybhohnh} oê#}k`j}}xdn/ ak`y ghidmxofkd jvÿvoh}$ Hvx}êd Wkcêdiêgjd nhwhu#}ÿdn ]ahwck Nid`#mãohw} h`yÿ}}jv ãwkwuvêì bŚdònòccho$ H`yjchwinji êoojc|ko`êw êo}jo iwê#dyã}k}} eé``ho nò}ò}}ÿdn uvhwvŚ#méu}$ Hv jvkdgjd dhc givkdyxo} fõ rêojuv}êudjn/ hvéw} :990#ghdh`y cêuin eé` oé|h}} hddhn j ah#oyégh/ jvõ}j iu ni}źdŚhd ré`vin jcxdnêfxnj}$ ]xojfmkdné||hdx`yjdhv j bkoyjcj} vjfok}} Gxo#`êwiêgjd/ k}} h`y nkwêggi iuch#wh}ué` uh`ã}h}} j nhwhuéughd$J ]ahwck Nid`}Śo :990#ghdöfjgg kwuvê`knj} —nj|}jc–/ Uvok#rédiê}/ Akwrê}kwuvê`k}/ Uvhwgiê}/Cjehmõdiê}/ jako jnnkwigjd cé`möo} j aêgkwö/ j bhohué`hc dhciu jnjw} hohd`hmdi/ mh uvhwhdeué#wh dhc }òw}éd} uhccibéoh nho#ohch}ohdué` jv ö} ukwêd$ J ch#dh}whdm ajukdoõ rko} hvhnghdjv kwuvê`kngjd iu/ cid} nkwêg#gjd$ Jnjm}/ jako h`y wé`hgghdjv xoci ]ahwck Nid` uvhwrivghdmko`kvõ hcghwwho uinhwÿo} uvhw#vŚméu} nò}dòc/ cêuako jv hc#oã}h}} I`djv @hoohw} eé` h`yin nk#wêggi ÿvoh}nò}Śférho•

Riuuvji`jvkoêuJ 9<#hu érhnghd dykoe mãohwuvhw#vŚméu} nò}ò}}hc/ cj/ 7<:7#ghdx`yjdjv j dykoe mãohw mko`kvin/hv} cidmhdné||hd j cxdnêcriuuvji`jvkoêuêdjn éwvhc$Hv j bhojmj} whd`h}h` x}jvêuujo fêw}$ H`y érghd cidmhd mãohw }oh`joêgg dé`yuvhw chòê}k`j}#}jc/ éu }hwcéuvh}huhd jv Ś ÿ`y#bhohinahv iu hochd}hc$ J bhohué#`hc uvhwhdeuéwh cêw j Axd`j#wkejcikddêo chùvkn}j jv x}j#vêujicj}$ Jv} aiuvhc/ aj dhc êoocò`ò}}hc/ hv} j cxdnê} dhciu }xm}jc rkodj ré`hvdi/ Ś cid#mi` giv}ku aê}}hwh} dyöf}k}} uvê#ckcwj$ImŚnòvghd j ]ahwck Nid`déo }x#ojfmkdkurêo}êu }òw}éd}/ j Phu#}idàkxuh }hofhuhd niuvêoo} jvi|jwi }hrénhdyué`gŚo/ j ]ahwckNid`h} x`yjd ch` jnjw}j }jw}jdi!giv}ku |wkbi}k} akvõ rêoojonkvêu#néd})/ mh dhc ohah}h}}/ 5/8 ciooi#êwm mkooêwéw} hojm}j jv Id`hwukooWjdmdhn$ Jvõ}j/ :991 õ}j j ]ahw#ck Nid` jv Id`hwukoo Wjdm oh`#hwhmcédyhuhgg rêoojonkvêuj$J ]ahwck Nid`déo ― rioê`céwh#}ź eéàhv né|hu} ― eujn 8<<<#hd

CXDNÊU ÉRHN

Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 ▿ Uvjncji bõwxc82

J

Hqnoxvãr

CXDNÊU ÉRHN ― J AXD@JWKEJCIKDDÊO ÉU J ]AHWCK NID@DÉOAkwrê}a Cinoõu6 Òwÿoòn/ ak`y nòvho 7< érh} j ]ahwck Nid`déo }òo}ah}}hc ▿ Aé}kwuvê`kuéw}énhuã}éui éu uvhwrivchdhmvuhw

Ghuvéo`h}éuÿdn imhféd h`éuvhd bwiuu dyx`mãfju rko} Akwrê}a Cinoõu/ joi` né} ah}h iuchwnhmh}}jv öf —bhojmj}}jo–/ ghrjook}}j/ cé` dhc i`jvêd éo}h ghoh cj`ê} j }ògg ér}ivhmhu ckv`jocju#x}jvõu#id}évnhmŚu éoh}bkwcj x}êd jv öf ahoyvh}gh$ Givkdyêwj uvknj}ojd êooj|k} hv h`y koyjdhcghwdhn/ jnidhn dhré}/ }hrénhdyué`é} j aź}Śbxrjwkvêuujo bkòjonkvõn Cj`yjwkwuvê`k} iughohéw}rh Hxwõ|j aé} kwuvê`êgjd iuchw}én$

Jv Ér Ujoh u Cjdj`hwh m ãf ê}jmêuj!nòvé|hd Akwrê}a Cinoõu)



ic }òggué`h j aź}Śi|jwakv nò#}Śmò}}$ J ]ahwck Nid` néuvÿoén fõoohah} rjoõgjd aź}Śi|jwi }hw#cén/ mh joj|rh}Śhd bxrjwkvêu#wõo rjd uvõ$ J ch`gãvõ} jv éw#mhnoi/ ak`y êwxfj j ch`bhohoŚcidŚué`ghd éwnhvvhd j eéoêo#okcêuwj$ J bxrjwkvõdjn iu éwmh#nh jv êwx é|ué`ghd rjoõ ê}jmê#uj/ cku}jdêgjd haahv fò}} cé`j bk`yjuv}êu ch`nÿoòdgòv}h#}h}} bi`yhohccho nãuéwéuh$ Hv jaêwkc mkok` j bkd}ku/ hgghdnhoo fõ} dyöf}jdi h`y aź}Śnéuvÿ#oén#`yêw}õdjn$ Cidmi` jwwj nkd#ehd}wêo}jc/ hvhndhn jv i`édyhn#dhn bhohofhn ch`$Dhc }hofhuhd i`jv/ ak`y j bxrj#wkvõn j oh`koeuõgg }hwcénh} rê#ojuv}fên$ Cidmhdni} i`yhnhv}hcch``yŚvdi/ j uvêcêwj oh`jonjo#cjujgg néuvÿoénh} rh`yh ch`/ j|oxuvnòo}ué` ajcjwkujd ch`}é#wÿo$ Jv ÿ`ybhohndhn jv} uvkn}jcckdmjdi/ jni koeuõd rêuêwko/ né}#uvhw rêuêwko*

Uvhwriv cidmhdhnhoŚ}}

]hwcéuvh}huhd nkdnxwhdu hvhd

j }hwÿoh}hd iu h`ywh }ògg jnjm/

|hmi` h`y imŚghd j fêwcźwh

uvhwho} aź}Ś`é| uvidkdicêfê} j

]ahwck Nid` fhohd}h}}h$ J ]ahw#

ck Nid` õwiêui hoŚdyh j fõo ch`#

uvhwrhvh}} uvhwrivaêoõvj}/ éu hv

dhc öf nhoh}ź mkok`$ :951#gjd/

jcinkw hojm}ên jv houŚ fêwcźwh

uvhwho} aź}Ś`é|h}/ jchoy fêwcź

Ciddhj|koiu éu Eaiej`k nòvò}}

bj`yjuv}k}} euiwné} uvêooã}k}}/ houŚ

mko`xn jv rko}/ ak`y cidmné} rê#

wkugjd ch`êooj|km}jn h`y#h`y

jx}õuvhwhoŚrho/ aj gjf rjd/ uh`ã#

}hdhn$ J uvhwriv }krêggwj iu ho#

uŚmoh`hu j ]ahwck Nid` wéuvéwh/

hvéw} dideu iu nòvrh}ohd éw}énhuã#

}éu/ aiuvhd jnnkw ch`komaj}j}ojd

ohddh j uvhwriv$ J uvhwrivnéw#

mko`kvdjn/ dj`ykd fõ dyhwhué`#wê}êrjo$ ]hwcéuvh}huhd j ]ahw#ck Nid` iu ê}éo} dhaév imŚuvjnk#nj}/ |éomêxo j ckuvnrji }Śvumh#nwjeak}/ j cku}jdi rêouê` uhcnhwÿo}h ho/ mh cé` h`y érh} uhcvêw}jn rhuv}hué`huhd* Òwÿoòn/ak`y :9 érh} éu = aõdj|k} ohah}#}hc j ]ahwck Nid` jonjocjvk}}# fj !ö`y/ ak`y cidmhd jmõ}/ fêwx#oénk} Cj`yjwkwuvê`kd bivh}}hcgh)$ 7<::$ ér ré`éd jvkdgjd ö`ymòd}ò}}hn/ fòffòd h`y b ij}jojgg*Nhmrho}hc hv} j cxdnê}/ uhakodhc iwêdyã}õnéd} cźnòm}hc/uknnjo idnêgg nòoeuòdòu }jdêeu#jmêu rko} fhoohcvŚ j mãohwhnnho$H`y koyjd õwiêu eé`déo/ cid} j]ahwck Nid` jv ÿvoh} iu gkdyk#oxo}/ hoŚbkwmxodjn |wkgoécên$ Jvjonj}wéuv}é}hohn uvêcj :<< <<<#hu dj`yuê`whdmh} }h}} ni/ jnjm#}jn béowhéw}éuhn$ Hvhn id}évé#uéghd cźnòm}hc nòvwh/ uh`ã}h}#}hc/ i`yhnhv}hc aê}}éw}êck`j#}êu} jmdi j mãohwhndhn$

Dyhor}jdxoêu }hohbjqgõo

Jv ÿ`yid}évéu j 9<#hu érhnghd|hwuvh cé` }òggdyiwh rhvh}é#nhu }hohbkdkd/ }hohbjqkd }òw}éd}$H`yégnéd} }hohbjqkngõo }jdxo#}jc ch` jd`koxo$ Déch}ÿo fõo}xm}jc/ j ]ahwck Nid`déo jvhouŚ bŚdònòc déch} rko}$ Jak`yjoêãw}jc j uvhwvŚméu}/ h`y érh}nj|}jc/ ak`y jd`koxo ch`}j#dxofjn$ Ghiwj}nkv}jc éd dyhor#}jdbkoyjcwj/ eujn é||hd imŚcdhc fx}k}} j cxdnj chooh}} fêwdi$Ré`ÿo iu ö`y }jdxo}jc ch`/ ak`yj nj|k}} né}cé}hwhu bjqknj} ni#uvõ}êwjv}jc$ Hoé` ukn éfuvjnêcwêchd}$ Hv koyjd mkok`/ aj rj#ojni dhc }xm öuvdi éu ghmkgfên j rãvgh/ rj`y nihrienéo rjojak`y/rj`y ch`bxoojm$ Éd dhc jnjw#}jc —ch`bxoojmdi–$ Jv h`yh}h#ciu}ênnjo iu jv j ahoyvh}/ dideuh#dhn i`jvêd nédyuvhwahoyvh}ghd/ak`y ch`}jdxofjdjn h`y rj`yné} imh`hd dyhorh}/ dhc iu éwvin ê} j bkd}kuuê`ê}$ Dhnhc jv êooê#ukc bÿ``ò}} }Śoh ― |hwuvh ak`ycidmhd} ch`}h}}hc$J ghuvém iu éwmhnhuhd jojnxo}$J ]ahwck Nid`déo joj|rh}Śhdjd`ko jdyjdyhorź hcghwhnnhonhwÿo}hc nj|eukoj}gj/ jnin aj#}jocju ch`éw}éuuho riuho}h}}hn j nÿobòomihnnho uvhcghd$ Dhc#ak`y dhc `ödyko}ên jv jd`ko#}xmêukcj} rj`y nihf}éuhch}/mh ukaj cé` h`y ch`fh`yvéu}

uhc }h}}hn/ uŚ} cidmi` mieuéw#}hn/ hv dj`ykd uknj} uvêcã}k}}j `ê}oêukn ohnÿvméuéghd$ !Ãwkw#uvê`gjd jv éw}hociué` ghuvéoimh`hd dyhorhnh}/ bŚoh` bwjdei#ê} éu u|jdyko}$ Éd jv jchwinjijn#gjd rh}}hc éuvwh niuhgguéì éw#véu}/ jcinkw ê}fòddhn Hxwõ|êgj/jcij}} ak`y eujn jd`koxo }xmdjn nkccxdinêodi$)J ukn kwuvê` nòvÿo h`yinh} uhcnhmrho}hc fkggjd j cêuindêo$ J fõ éwvéu jv ÿvoh}}Śo bÿ``ò}}$ Cid#mhd kwuvê`gjd rko}jn uinhwéocé#dyhic/ cid} jak`y nxmjwekn iu$J mãohwhnnho i`yhnhv}hc cidmi` fõ riuvkdy} ê|kodi$ Jv rko} j ré#ohcédyhc/ jcã` j mãohwhn gko#mk`kn/ jmmi` j ]ahwck Nid` iugkomk`/ jvjv ch`y jv ÿvoh}$ J]ahwck Nid` ÿ`ybhohi j mãohwhn/aiuvhd Śn rêuêwkofên ch` j `é#|hnh}$ !Jwwj cidmi` bi`yho}hc/j mãohwhn bij}jojggjn oh`yhdhn dêojc/ éd chdfhn hoŚgg dyx`#mãfgj$)J ]ahwck Nid` dhc niu horêwêuk#nj} }êcjuv}k}}/ érhd}h aé}#dykoe fh`yź uvêck} nj|}jc/ jvjv jddyihxwõu bkw`jocj} nhooh}} akvdkc$Jv kwuvê`kn nÿoòdgòvŚ bhfoh}}#ué`é} jvéw} bi`yhohcgh rh}}én/}ògghn nòvò}} jv iu j bhojmj}jicnòvé }jw}kvk}}/ choyin kwuvê`}õociwh ohah} uvêcã}jdi$ Jv x}õg#gi érhnghd h`ywh bhuvã}h}}hggoh}} j ahoyvh}/ ak`y jv Id`hwukooWjdmdhn !iooh}rh jv Ś wéuvrédyh#uhindhn) j ]ahwck Nid`/ hvhdghoÿo jv h`yhu kwuvê`kn mãohwhihoh`h} }h`yhdhn$

J cźuvjni ré`vh}}ué`

é u j |ijeiuchwh} hoŚdyhi

J aź}Śnéuvÿoén dhc }òch`#einn/ ajdhc u|heiêoiu i`édyhn#wh uvjgk}} }hwcén/ uknuvkw rh}#}hc ajuvdê} j cźuvjni ré`vh}}#ué`dhn$ Eujn h`y |éomê} hcoã#}hn/ }jdmhc uvhwhorédywh nhooh}}néuvÿoén/ jchoyh} ö`y wjnkm#}jn/ ak`y j }jw`kdej j |õ}nk#euid chd} hoŚwh$ J dj`y néwméu/ako oh`yhd jv ho|êwkok`}j}õ; H`yimhi` hori}j}nkv`j}}xdn wjf}j/ré`ÿo bk`}jc cj`jc/ hochd#}hc j eéàhv$ J }jw`kdeêu ch`#cx}j}k}} h`y wjnkmêu} ― éu cêwiuch`rko} j ch`komêu$J cźuvjni ghêooã}k}}uê`kd nãrÿo

uvêckcwj dj`y hoŚdy} fhohd#}h}} j ]ahwck Nid`déo/ ak`y jbxrjwkvêugõo fò}}hc/ iuchw}hcj cj`yjw éu nÿobòomi bxrjwkvõeé`hnh}/ j bhoé|ã}cédy`yêw}õ#nj}$ Ukaj dhc ohah} }xmdi/ cigŚoohuv jv ÿvoh}$ \éomêxo j Piooy Gh}vdéch} cjcx} bxrjwkvõ eéàhvnòvwhcźnòméuhccho nhwÿo} j]ahwck Nid`$ :90=#ghd Wênku#oi`h}hd h`y déch} njcikd ujf#dku rkdj}}jo }joêonkvk}}$ J Axd#`jwkejcikd}õo chd}ÿdn chd}h#di$ Cxdnj}êwujic bhouvjgjmã}k}#}ên j rê`êdyknj}/ òuuvhuvhm}én/jci j wjnkcêdygõo éu j njcikd#gõo ch`cjwjm}/ uvhwhdeuéwh jukbŚwdhn dhc huh}} gjfj/ Ś} h`yuvêookmêgj ri}}én$ Jv huh} x}êdné} dj||jo wécÿo}hd ch`fhohd}j Axd`jwkejcikddêo/ jv iwkmêc#gjd Piooy Gh}v éu h`y ÿ`yrém/ mhoh`dj`ykgg ch`mògghdéuÿdn#wh cidmhd ho rko} id}évrh/ oh|j#|ãwkvrj/ giv}kuã}õu}õo/ cidmh#dhu}Śo$ Riah}}én j njcikd}/ j wj#nkcêdy} !cêw jci ch`cjwjm}ghoŚoÿn)/ j ukbŚw}$ Jnnkw nj|#}jc h`y dérfh`yh} Piooy Gh}v}Śo$]ògg cid} 7< ér ho}ho}/ Piooy Gh}vch`rêuêwko}j j UKCJ] bxrjwkvõrêoojoj}k} !hv rko} j gko`êw Axd#`jwkejcikd)$ Rh}} 8< mjwjg béo#|õ}nkeui}/ mh j mkooêw#cêwnj êw#bkoyjc cij}} j Ejwwihw aź}Śné#uvÿoénhn chooh}} mòd}ò}}$ Hnnkwéd bhoaãr}jc j dérfh`yhd oérŚ}hohbkduvêck}/ h`y aòo`y nò#vòo}h/ Piooy Gh}v riuuvjrkdxo}/ mhoh`dj`ykgg chòh|h}éuhcwhakvvê}h}}h/ j bij/ \h}hw Gh}v uvã#rhuhd bk`jm$ J déch} bŚdònòc#cho hochd}ÿdn akvvê• éu wòri#mhuhd ch`éwnhv}hn j aź}Ś`é|#whdmhoéuhn j Piooy Gh}v eé`}Śo j]ahwck Nidàhv*J Axd`jwkejcikd dj`y iunkojrko}$ J ]ahwck Nid`#hu nkooé`ê#

Uvjncji bõwxc ▿ Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 80

CXDNÊU ÉRHN

x

J wkcêd

]ahwck Nid` euj|j} h`y wéuvh





uvêcêwj 82/ Oku Jd`hohudhn :<</]hc|édhn 1 mjwjgk} éu : mjwjgmãvhoÿvhcź |wk}k}ã|xu} Eaiej#`k rêwkuêdjn$ Uvhwhdeué}ohdnÿouŚ nòwÿocédyhn cij}} !ch`#aiöuxo} j Eaiej`õdjn }hwrhvh}}:72 mãvhoÿvhcź nkc|kvi} gxuv`yêw}êuj)/ 7<<8#ghd j nj|kurêwi`yêw}êu ohêooã}êuêwõo !uŚ} éw}énhuã#}éuéwŚo iu) uvÿoh}h}} mòd}éu$Cidmòuuvh h`y nkckoy éwmhnoŚ#mŚ rhrŚ jnjm}/ uvid}éd jchwinjiiooh}Śué`ź eé`/ jchoy j nkc|k#vi}ÿvhc jmk}}uê`ji} niajuvdêo#rj fjea}kn/ niuhgg ajfõn néuvã}é#ué} }hwrhv}h i}}$ J nj|kurêwi `yêwõwiêui uvhwhdeuéfh/ ak`y hggŚo jvÿvoh}gŚo uhcci dhc oh}}/ x`yjd#iu 7<<0#ghd j Ekc|kGxu iwêd}inhwhuoh} éu j rhrŚi hoé`hmh}}uéàj}êuêwj iucé} mòd}éu uvÿoh}h}}j `yêw ukwuêwõo/ hvö}}jo jvkdgjdjv öfwjidmã}êuwõo$ 7<<1 }jrjuvêdöfwj/ iccêwkd cêukmuvkw ch`#nhvmŚmò}} j `yêw}êu* 7<<9#}Śo7<::#i` 72< . =: . 9: mjwjg =8EOBP jx}õgxuv néuvÿo} i}}$

v jeéo jo}hwdj}ãrêfjnéd}jx}õgxuvrêv néuvÿoah}

|éomêxo cźjdyj`gõo iu$ Ak`y hvchddyiwh éoh}né|hu ohah}Śué`/ci uhc givkdyã}fj fkggjd/ jvJchwinji H`yhuÿo} Êoojckn dé#aêdy dj`yrêwkuêgjd }ògg uvêvcźjdyj` gxuv/ ö`ydhrhvh}}Ekc|kGxu !nkc|kvi} rêvuvhw#nhvh}ź jx}õgxuv) bx} ― déchoyin cêw }ògg cid} :< érh$

H`yhmÿoêooõ

}hwcén éu `yêwh`yué`

Jv XUJ déaêdy dj`yrêwkuêgjdnòvohnhmŚ Ekc|kGxukn Cj#`yjwkwuvê`kd/ j DJGI nj|kurêwiÿvhcéghd uvÿoh}dhn/ hv j `yêw#h`yué` h`yhmÿoêooõ j rioê`kd/uhako cêuako dhc néuvÿodhn }hofhuhd nkc|kvi} rêvuvhwnhvh#}ź gxuvkn$ J fõ aãw/ ak`y cêwei#xu hohféd öfwjidmxo} j }hwchoéuNj|kurêwkd$ Jv kn/ jciéw} iucé}ghdé|huÿo} j `yêw/ j njoibkwdi#ji Oku Jd`hohu nòvohnhméui rêo#ojoj}j öfjgg :8< mjwjg ch`whd#mhoéu} aãrk}} oh j DJGI#rjo cé`7<<1#gjd ch`nò}ò}} nhwh}uvhw#vŚméugŚo$ Hddhn j ch`whdmhoéu#dhn nòuvòdah}Śhd j }hofhu nj|j#ei}êu hoéwéuhnkw 7<< hcghwdhn rjd iucé} cxdnjahoyh$ J `yêw födixugjd éwi ho j rhrŚ êo}jo ho#rêw} euöeunj|jei}êu}/ jci jv} fh#ohd}i/ ak`y ah}i 5/ ajri :7 mjwjgaj`yfj ho j nj|kurêwi `yêwj}$Uhdni dh `kdmkofkd jvkdgjdnéuv/ jvkddjo bkw`jokcgj êooã}#aj}õ gxuvknwj$ X`yjdiu oé}hvin j Gxy Jchwiej }òwrédy/ hv h`yê}aêàj}j}ojd uvjgêoy jv H`yh#uÿo} Êoojckngjd/ h uvhwid} nòv#ghuvhwvéui hofêwêu nhwh}éghd ic#|kw}êo} êwx huh}éghd =< uvêvjoén ohah} j cjqicxc jv ic|kw}êo}aêdyjm/ 2< uvêvjoéndjn XUJ hwh#mh}ź jdyj`kndjn/ iooh}rh akv#vêjmk}} éw}éndhn nhoo ohddih$ Hvjv knj jddjn/ ak`y Nj|kurêwwõoeujn j gxuv njwkuuvéwiêfj idmxo j}hd`hwhd }öowj/ j DJGI jddiu}k#di `yêwêgjd }òw}édin j `é|éuvh}ghuvhwhoéuh/ j réùvhwhoéu$

XUJ#gõo Nj|kurêwwj

:991#gjd j DJGI rhvh}éuh akv}jjv} j mòd}éu}/ ak`y j bhfohuv#}éu iwêdyj j nkc|kvi} jx}õgxuvoh`yhd$ J rioê`kd cidmhdako/cidmh`yin `yêw}õ jwwj }òwhn#uvin/ cidéo nòddyhgg njwkuuvéwi#ê} êooã}ukd hoŚ$ Jv h`yin ö}/ ak`yjoxcãdixcuvhorédyhngŚo êooã}fên

òuuvh j }hahwakwmõ uvhwnhvh}h}uvh`heuhoéuuho rj`y ah`huv}éu#uho$ J cêuin ohah}Śué`/ jci} jDJGI rêojuv}k}}/ jcinkw nkc|k#vi}gõo/ jvjv cźjdyj`gõo néuvÿonjwkuuvéwij$ Jv òuuvhêooã}êu ah#`huv}éu déonÿo/ eujn wj`juv}êu#ujo }òw}édin$ J ch`rjoõuã}êu éw#mhnéghd j }êwujuê` ch`nhvm#}h j }êw`yjoêuknj} jv XUJ#ghoi]\I eé``ho j nkc|kvi} jx}õgxuvbhfohuv}éuh éwmhnéghd/ cjfm j]\I eé`}Śo j DJGI ch` iu rêuê#wko}j j UEWIC\ }headkoõìê}$ Hvkoyjd uvjgjmjocjv}j}k}} hofêwêu/jchoydhn ukwêd rênxxcidbövi#õrjo néuvã}hdhn cźjdyj` hoh#chnh}$ J UEWIC\ ckvjinuvõ6 U jUhhcjdd dérgŚo/ E j Ekc|kui#}hu nkc|kvi}/ W j whuid/ `yjd}j/ Ijv Idbxuikd/ C j Ckomid` bkwcê#vêui/ \ j \wkehuu hofêwêu uvjrjn#gõo nhoh}nhvh}}$J DJGI rhvh}Śué`h aj}êwkvk}}jwwõo iu/ ak`y j ]\I#}õo j cź#jdyj` rêvju jx}õgxuvkn `yêw}ê#uj Cj`yjwkwuvê`wj nhwÿofòd/ jv

kwuvê`kd ghoÿo |hmi` nkdnwé}jdNj|kurêwwj/ jv k}} oé}huÿo} i|jwi|jwngj$ H mòd}éu 7<<<#ghd rko}/7<<:#ghd honhvmŚmò}} j `yêwé|ã}éuh/ rjojcid} j ]\I }headk#oõìj ê}ré}hoéahv j mko`kvõn }k#rêggné|véuh \kw}uckxd}a#gjd$]ãv érrho hvhoŚ}} 7<<7#ghd/ födi#xu ré`éd }jw}k}}ên jv ÿddh|é#oyhu yêwjrj}õ}/ j nkc|kvi}ÿvhcch`nhvm}h j uvéwij`yêw}êu} =<oêgju/ nkc|kvi} jojeukdy|jmoõujx}õgxuvkn !=<E OBP) néuvÿo}hn i}}$ \êwaxvjckujd bhfohuv}h}}hn h`y =8 oêgju/ öf bkwcj}hwrź jx#}õgxuv} jv jchwinji ãvoéurioê`#djn ch`bhohoŚhd$ Fhohdoh` iu hvné|hvi j `yêw}êu joj|fê}/ hddhn oé}hvdhn nÿoòdgòvŚ rêo}kvj}ji$Jv öf =8E OBP gxuvkn ukwkvj}#`yêw}êuj 7<<5#gjd nhvmŚmò}}$7<<7#ghd rh}}h nhvmh}é} j `yêwé|ã}éuédhn cêukmin ÿ}hch/hvhd ghoÿo j bédyhvŚwéuvoh` éu juvhwhomh nijojnã}êuj$ 7<<8 dyjwê#i` òuuvhuhd :28 mjwjg =8E OBP#}`yêw}k}}jn 5 rhrŚdhn/ \akhdiq


J

DJGI @YÊWOÊ]K@J]ÊU

:$ Gjwjdyji Bhwhde/ j DJGI Nb}$ ÿ`yrhvh}Ś i`jv`j}õfj/ \jiu

Dicwõm/ j DJGI nj|kurêwi `yêwêdjn i`jv`j}õfj uvêcko} gh

òwòccho jv öfgõoi/ hvö}}jo :8< mjwjgku whdmhoéuwŚo

7$ J Ekc|kGxu =8E OBP }ã|xueujoêm j DJGI nÿ oòdoh`hu /

h`yhmÿoêooõ nkdu}wxneiõfj/ =8 oêg/ jvjv :5/07 cé}hw

akuuvö/ nÿoòdbéoh ajf}êuoêdeejo éu bŚh`yué`hnnho

néuvÿoah}$ J rêv nÿoòdbéoh uvêohowhdmhvéuź ÿrh` éu njwgkd

uvòrh}hngŚo/ nÿoòdbéoh cźjdyj`kngõo ojcidêoêuujo éu

rênxxcidböviõrjo néuvã}h}} aéfwhdmuvhwź òdakwmõ !*)

njwkuuvéwij$ Jv komjogxwnkoj} id}h`wêdu wéuvh j aéfwhdmuvhwź

rêvuvhwnhvh}dhn

5$ J Ekc|kGxu |wk}k}ã|xuj !*) riuuvj}éwŚ rhdmé` j }ònòoi

gxuvbhuv}irêokd$ J =< oêgju !:7 cé}hwhu) gxuv cêw }ògg cid}

:< érhu/ mh jv imŚ cöoêuj dhc aj`yk}} dykck} wjf}j

x

FòrŚ né| ▿ @yêwoê}k`j}êu

DJGIEkc|kGxukn Nj|kurêwwõo ▿ Dj`ykd nòddyź/ dj`ykd giv}kduê`ku/ dj`ykd `jvmjuê`ku

Ajook}}xn }jrjoy j uvkckwö aãw} j DJGI nj|kurêwi ÿvhcédhn ghvêwêuêwõo$ Cêw jv} iu

whghu`h}}én/ uvhwhoin oh j `yêw}õukwknj}$ Jv hoŚggi aãw }édyoh` i`jv rko} ― éu j rko}kd/ j cöo }imŚd j ajdùöoy/ jv x}õggi uvhwhdeuéwh eujn wécaãwdhn givkdyxo}$ HwwŚo uvhcéoyhuhd ch` iu

`yŚvŚmah}}ÿdn h`y yêwoê}k`j}êu nj|euêd$

:

5 7

JX]ÕGXUVKN CżJDYJ@

NJWKUUVÉWIÊRJO



Cé` ak`y j }òw}édhohc dhc

iucé}oi cj`ê}* Njoibkwdij êoojc

|édvÿ`yi dhaévué`hi cij}} Oku

Jd`hohu uvÿdh}ho}h}}h gxuvbok}#

}êfêdjn bhfohuv}éué}/ hddhn h`yin

nòrh}nhvcédyh oh}} j nj|kurê#

wi `yêw öfgõoi ghvêwêuj$ Uvhwhd#

euéwh hv j ghvêwêu rj`y idnêgg

}hwchoéubhobÿ``huv}éu cêw dhc

rko} koyjd akuuvö cid} jv houŚ/

chw} Oku Jd`hohu bkwwêuknakv

fx}rj bkoy}j}fj j nòvòuuéì nòv#

ohnhméuédhn bhfohuv}éué}/ ã`y

Nj|kurêwkd öfwj bhorh}}én j nk#

wêggjd hogkeuê}k}} mko`kvõnj}/

cirho fhohdoh` :8< mjwjg =8 oêgju

gxuv `yêw}êuêwj nj|}jn ch`whd#

mhoéu}/ jchoyh} whcéoah}Śoh`

öfjggjn nòrh}dhn*

Nÿoòdoh`hu yêw}êui bkoyjcj}

J nj|kurêwi `yêwgjd houŚnéd}

é|ÿo} ch` j nkc|kvi}ÿvhc$

H`yin komjokd j gxuv jouõ/ j cêui#

nkd j bhouŚ }hu}hn néuvÿodhn$ Né}

uvhwuvêc`jwdi}öwj }huvi ohah}Śré

j |êwaxvjcku `yêw}êu}$ Jv h`yin

uvhwuvêc ckmxoêwiu bhoé|ã}éuź/

hvéw} ohah}Śué` rjd j gxuv akuv#

uvê} 8 oêggjo euònnhd}hdi/ ã`y :7

rj`y := cé}hwhu gxuvrêvj} yêw#

}jdi$ Hv j oh`nwi}inxujgg bêviu/ éu

h`yö}}jo j oh`cxdnji`édyhuhgg

iu$ Jv jx}õgxuv jouõ wéuvédhn oh#

néuvã}éuéahv 8 cźuvjn uvÿnué#

`hu/ ak`y wé}h`}hwr uvhwid} bho#

é|ã}uén j uvhwnhvh}h} éu ch`#

}òw}édfhd jv idböviõ$ Jv UEWIC\

}headkoõìj uvhwid} cidmhd}/ jv

òuuvhu u}wxn}xwêoiu }hahwakwmõ

hohch} uvêwjvkd ahoyhvin j uvhw#

uvêcgj$ Jcinkw cidmhd j ah#

oyéd rjd/ j u|heiêoiu `yjd}ê} rê#

nxxc uh`ã}ué`érho jv òuuvhu wé#

}h`hd ê}i}j}fên$ Hv} nòrh}Śhd 2

õwêu j |koichwivêeiõu imŚ$ Jcinkw

j |koichwivêeiõ ghbhfhvŚmò}}/ j

uvhwuvêck} ni+uvé}dyi}fên/ mjwx#

rjo nihchoin j néuv rêvj}$

Bkd}ku cźrhoh} j uvhwuvêc bho#

|koãwkvêuj j nhooŚ bhoÿoh}i }iuv}j#

uê` chòé}h éwmhnéghd$ J uvhw#

uvêc ÿrhùvêo hwŚuã}éuź cź#

jdyj` jvkd bécgh}é}hn niré}hoé#

rho/ jchoyhn j dyãoêuvêwõn ahoy#

vh}é} chàj}êwkvvên$

Nxoeuuvhwh|oŚ j bkoyjcj}gjd j

gjovjbj$ Whdmnãrÿo nòddyź bjf#

uöoyö/ cinwk|kwõvxu uvhwnhvh}ź/

dòrhnhméuéahv cj`ju |êwj}jw#

}jocö éu uvéochd}hu ahoy uvÿnué#

`hu$ Jv Hexjmkwgõo uvêwcjvõ bê}

h`y jchwinji eé` cêw hoŚnéuvã}rh

nÿomi Nj|kurêwwj$ Dj`ykd |kd}k#

ujd/ oé`wéu déonÿo nhoo j ch`jmk}}

ahoyhnwh ioohuv}hdi/ cirho hv jmfj

j chwhrué`é} j fêwcźdhn$

Cj`j jv idböviõu bkoyjcj} :1 ¼E#

dêo cj`jujgg aŚcéwuénoh}hd

ch`y nhooŚné||hd ré`gh/ hvéw}

j }éoi imŚuvjngjd bź}hdi uvÿnué#

`hu/ jddjn hoohdéwh/ ak`y cj`j

hv j néciji bkoyjcj} aŚ}hwchoŚ/

j `yjd}êrjo aŚbhfoŚméuuho }òw}é#

din ch` j |koichwivêeiõ$

Né}béoh rênxxcwhdmuvhw rjd ni#

é|ã}rh/ j 9<< ciooigjwku whdmuvhw

jvéw} uvÿnué`hu/ ak`y j rênxxc#

bõoij joj}} j `yjd}j cidmhdakrj

hofxuukd/ j uvòrh}uvhwnhvh} cid#

mhdako ê}i}j}õmfkd$ J =<< ciooi#

gjwku rênxxc |hmi` jwwj uvko#

`êo/ ak`y j bhohuoh`hu ohrh`Ś }ê#

rkvvkd j ojcidê}xcgõo/ dh cj#

wjmfjdjn oé`vêwrêdykn$

J néuv/ uvhwuvêcgõo nirh}} mj#

wjgkngõo cj`ju bkwmxoj}uvêcö/

ohrh`Ścźnòm}h}éuź `yécêd}#

}êweuênnjo rê`fên ni j dyãoêuknj}$

Rémhohc bhouŚbknkd

J gxuv}h}Śdhn dj`y }hahwgãwêuö#

djn nhoo ohddih/ aiuvhd j ch`whd#

mho} gxuvkn `êvÿvhcźhn/ jvjv j

`êv|jojenkn j }h}Śwh nhwÿodhn$

Jv jchwinji giv}kduêì nòrh}ho#

cédyhn hoŚãwfên/ aj h`y `êv}jw#

}êoy réoh}ohdÿo bhowkggjddj/ jv

x}ju}éwghd uhdni uhc uéwÿoah}$

Hvéw} j oh`dj`ykgg uvjnã}õuvi#

oêwmuê`k} giv}kuã}õ u}wxn}xwêoiu

!njwgkd) uvòrh}h} ajuvdêodjn bho/

jv hvvho hwŚuã}h}} }h}Ś} 1 `#dhn

ch`bhohoŚ éw}énź hwŚ uhc }xmfj

ê}uvjnã}jdi$

Dhc nhréu òuuvh`gh nhwÿo j }źv#

rémhoci hoŚãwêukn gh}jw}êuj uhc$

Jv é`éugiv}kduê``jo bÿ`` òuuvh

j }hwcén kqi`édidmhqh/ jvjv j

}źv dhc }hwfhmah} koyjd ykwujd/

ak`y jv hcghwhn dh }xmfjdjn ni#

chdhnÿodi j gxuvgõo$

H`y cêuin uvjgrêdy j `êvidmhq/

jchoy jv} ãwfj hoŚ/ dhc nhoh}nhv#

ah}dhn koyjd }kqinxu jdyj`kn

!h`y huh}oh`hu }źvhuh}déo)/ jch#

oyhn hwŚuhd iwwi}êoõjd/ bkf}õjd

aj}djn jv x}juknwj$ J ajwcjmin

uvjgrêdy jwwj nò}hohvi j `yêw}õ}/

gêwcioyhd }źv huh}éd béo õwêdêo

nhrhuhgg imŚ joj}} j gxuv dhc

kckoaj} òuuvh/ hddyi imŚ joj}} jv

x}jukn hoaj`yaj}fên j fêwcźrh}$

J ch`bhohoéu éwmhnéghd j nÿouŚ

bhoÿoh}hd é`éu`ê}oõ `yjd}ê}

ajuvdêodjn/ j `yjd}êakv }krêg#

gi kqi`édhorkdõ rh`yÿoh}h} nh#

rhwdhn$ J u}wxn}xwêoiu uvòrh}hn

ghouŚ rémhocéghd uvid}éd kqi#

`édhorkdõ jdyj`k} jonjocjv#

djn$ H`y }krêggi/ jv XUJ#gõo ic#

|kw}êo} jdyj` j nÿoòdòuhd nwi#

}inxu ahoyhnh}/ bhoÿoh}hnh} rémi/

|éomêxo j ck}kw}éwdhn éu j nh#

wénmkgdjn j }źvêooõuê`ê} giv}k#

uã}fj :9<< Bjawhdahi} bkni`$

Hvhd rémhochnhd nãrÿo j gxuv

òdnikomõ }źvko}õ uvhwnhvh}}ho ho#

oê}k}}/ gêwako }źv nhoh}nhvin/ jx#

}kcj}inxujd honhvmŚmin j |kwko#

}õ |jojengõo jv ko}êu$ ]ògg uvêv/

bkw`jokcgjd oérŚ Ekc|kGxu

nòvÿo h`yh}ohd uhc é`h}} oh*

Cidicêoiu uvhwhoéui cxdnj

Cj`êdêo j rênxxcbkwcêoõ hofê#

wêudêo uvÿnué`hu cxdnjbêviu j

euiuvkoêu/ j fjrã}êu/ j bédyhvéuwh

hoŚnéuvã}éu$ Uvid}éd j bédyhvéu

hoŚ}}i cźrhoh}/ ak`y 2<#0< ¼E#kd

7 õwê} h`y njcwêgjd }òo}hdhn jv

hohchn$ J aŚnhvhoéu knj/ ak`y

bho`ykwuã}uên j |koichwivêeiõ

ghbhfhvŚméué}/ j `êvkukmêunkw

né|vŚmŚ gxgkwénkn/ vêwrêdykn

ho}êrkvvjdjn j njwkuuvéwiêgõo$

J uvhwhoméghd bkoyõ cxdnêoj}kn

j Gxy Jchwiej nòrh}hocédyhi#

dhn rjoõ ch`bhohoéu uvhwid}ihn/

jvjv cidicêoiu uvhwhoéui cxdnê}

ré`hvdhn jv honéuvÿo} njwkuuvé#

wiêd6 bhowjnfên j `yêwgjd néuvÿo}

hohchnh}/ j dyãoêuvêwõn nòvÿo j

oêmjjf}õnj}/ x}jujf}õnj}/ nkc|#

oh}}ãwkvvên j gxuv} jwwj j uvid}#

wh/ ak`y imhiòhdhu }hd`hoyhnhd/

imhiòhdhu jgwkdeuknnjo ni}ko#

ajuuên j `yêwxmrjwwj/ jako }wé#

ohwwh wjnfên/ j Ekc|kGxu rêvj

hoaj`yfj Cj`yjwkwuvê`k}$

Dhc rko} hv cidmi` ã`y/ j nj#

|kurêwi `yêw 7<<7 éu 7<<8 nò#

vò}} dj`ycéw}énghd néuvwh uvh#

who} nkc|kvi} gxuvknj} `yêw}k}}$

Hgghd jv imŚuvjngjd bhochd#

}éu} nj|k}} j Gxy Jchwiej hoŚ#

ãwêukn joõo/ Jddiu}kdgjd eujn j

ck}kw/ j rêo}õ/ jv ÿoéuhn nhwÿo#

}hn gh/ j `êv}jw}êoykn bhoÿowh$

Hvhd gkomk` érhndhn ré`h oh}}/

cj cêw niuhgg néuvÿo}uéì bkn#

gjd ohah} j gxuv} oh`yêw}jdi$ Jv

öfwjidmxoêu x}êd j bédyhvéu cé`

h`y imhi` j nj|kurêwi `yêwgjd

}òw}éd}/ mh Jddiu}kdgjd ÿvhc#

gh ahoyhv}hn h`y wkgk}ivêo} bhu#

}Śukw}/ ã`y cj cêw j bédyhvéu iu

ê}nhwÿo} Jchwinêgj/ Nj|kurêwkd

eujn |wichw joj|kvêuö nkeuin né#

uvÿodhn !déaêdy hohc bédyhvéuh

}òw}édin eujn j `yêwgjd)$

Bhochwÿoah} j néwméu/ ciéw} éwi

ch` Cj`yjwkwuvê`kd `yêw}jdi

j gxuvrêvj}$ J cj`yjwêvj} i`hd

éuuvhwź6 j nkc|kvi} njwkuuvéwij

i`hd cxdnji`édyhu ― hvhd j


x

:$ Cxdnêoj}kn j gxuv fòrhdmŚ bhouŚ wéuvéghd 7$ Jv jx}õgxuv jouõ wéuvédhn honéuvã}éuéahv 8 cźuvjndyi cxdnj

uvÿnué`hu 5$ J gjovjbj cj`jdyj`néd} j uvhwnhvh} chwhrué`é} dòrhoi$ Céwh}wh rê`rj éwnhvin jv XUJ#gõo

7:

Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 ▿ Uvjncji bõwxc2<

5



gjd uideu hwwh j gxuvwj bivh}Śné#

|hu nhwhuoh}/ cé` jddjn }xmj}ê#

gjd uhc/ ak`y j gxuv êwj éoh}ein#

oxuj joj}} i`hdeujn ch`}éwÿo$ !J

DJGI :1 ér u}wxn}xwêoiu jwjdeiê}

jm j nkc|kvi} gxuvknwj$)

J ghnhwÿoéui éw}énh j gxuvdjn

é|| j njwkuuvéwij u|heiêoiu fho#

oh`égŚo jmõmõjd fõrjo mwê#

`êgg/ cid} h`y —dkwcêo–/ jeéo#

rêvju jx}õgxuvé$ Jggjd eujn

whcédynhmdi ohah}/ ak`y Oku

Jd`hohuhd éu déaêdy cêu jch#

winji ch}wk|koiukd nãrÿo cêu

bòomwéuv cêu rêwkuji iu ch`hd#

`hmah}dhn cj`xndjn Ekc|k#

Gxu#whdmhoéu}*

Jv öfwjajuvdkuã}êu j nkc|kvi}

njwkuuvéwij `yhd`h |kd}fj rko}/

cj cêw hv j |wkgoécj iu ch`#

komõmdi oê}uvin ― fõoohah} whein#

oêoêuwj dideu ohah}Śué`$ Jv h`yin

ohah}Śué`6 ohmjwêorj ö}joj|gjd

fõo ajuvdkuã}aj}õ !j |koichwivê#

oõmk}} `yjd}j/ jv

ÿrhùvòrh} cêw

dhc rhuvéoyhu)$

H`y cêuin ch`ko#

mêu iu nòwrkdjoj#

võmin6 uvid}éd oh#

mjwêorj j ehchd}#

`yêwjn bho }xmfên

ajuvdêodi$

\j|| Hwvuégh}

uvid}hd 75<< cxdnjõwê} bkwmã}j#

djn j njwkuuvéwij honéuvã}éuéwh$

Jddjn hoohdéwh/ ak`y j `yêw j

fõo bivh}Ś eé`hn nòvé }jw}kvin Nj#

|kurêwkd/ mh jv XUJ#ghoi cxd#

njgéwhnahv riuvkdyã}rj j eé`#

dhn cé` cidmi` hoŚdyòuhgg j

cj`yjw cxdnjhwŚ !j uvêooã}êu

dhc niu òuuvh`é} iu ghohéw}rh)

jonjocjvêuj$

Nkc|kvi} gxuv hoŚdyònnho

J nkc|kvi} gxuv uvêcku hoŚdy#

dyho whdmhonhvin$ Jv h`yin/ 7<#78

uvêvjoénnjo nòddyhgg j ajukd#

oõ céwh}ź jeéorêvju gxuvknnjo

òuuvhajukdoã}rj/ j nkc|kvi} nj#

wkuuvéwij ohah}Śré }huvi/ ak`y }k#

rêggi uöoy} fhohd}Ś hohchn nhwÿo#

ahuuhdhn j gxuvwj/ |éomêxo ED@#

}jw}êoykn j }h}Śwh rj`y j aigwim

ajf}êu h`yué`hi j gxuvgj$ J nòdy#

dyhgg njwkuuvéwij ch`hd`hmi j

}hd`hoy}êrkouê` dòrhoéué}/ jvjv

akuuvjgg/ dj`ykgg ghbk`jmõ#

né|huué`ź jx}õgxuv} ohah} yêw#

}jdi mx|oj G }hd`hoy jonjocjvêuj

déonÿo$ J niuhgg uöoy cij}} euòn#

nhd jv ÿvhcjdyj`#bk`yjuv}êu/

}haê} nòwdyhvh}nãcéoŚ éu nòo}#

uéàj}énkdy j fêwcź !cé` id#

nêgg jv/ aj uźwã}h}} rj`y euh||#

bkoyõuã}k}} `êvvjo ÿvhcho)$

J njwgjd}jw}êu h`yuvhwź/ j nk|õ

jonj}wéuvhn nhréugé ajuvdêoõm#

djn ho$ Oku Jd`hohugŚo éwnhvh}}

jv j riuuvjfhovéu/ ak`y j nkc|k#

vi} gxuvkn né}uvhw jddyi bx}êu}ho#

fhuã}cédy} éwdhn ho né} dj`yfj#

rã}êu/ njwgjd}jw}êu nòvò}}/ cid}

jeéorêvju }êwujin$ ]hofhu j nkwwõ#

viõchd}huué`/ jv éoh}einoxu joj}}

dhc uvÿnué`hu öfwjbédyhvdi$

Nirêoõjn j }òwéu}huv}hwhmcé#

dyhn/ j nkc|kvi} njwkuuvéwij

fhooh`égŚo jmõmõjd dideu cj#

wjmjdmõ jojnrêo}kvêu/ j njwkuv#

uvéwij riuuvjwx`õvin$

J nj|kurêwi `yêwxmrjwkd ré`hv#

}hn }huv}h}6 j }h}Ś} 7: }kddêrjo

ch`}hwaho}én/ j nòvé|uŚ jf}õdêo

déaêdy ciooicé}hwhu ghajfoêu

oh}}/ jci jvkddjo riuuvjwx`õvk}}/

—ho}źd}–/ ciahoy} chùvÿd}h}}én

j }h}Ś}hwahoéu}/ jv jojnrêo}kvêu

dxooj rko}* Jv koyjd dj`yrêwk#

ukngjd/ jako uvid}h honhwÿoah}h}#

ohdhn j niuhgg nkeejdêukn/ hv j

wx`jocjuuê` dj`y nideu/ aiuvhd

h`y niuhgg hwhfź ÿ}nòvéu ch`

uhc oê}uvin j gxuvkd/ mh h`y dj#

`ykgg hwhfź }joêonkvêu fjrã}êuj

uhc }hoin ukn imŚgh$

J giv}kduêàkv cé` h`y jmj#

oén6 j Ekc|kGxukn nirêoõjd uvh#

wh|hodhn jv ö`ydhrhvh}} Jo}kdj

}huv}hnhd iu$ J }huv} ukwêd j gxuv#

wj chwŚoh`huhd ÿ}nòv}h}dhn h`y

=< nc+õwj uhghuué`ź uvhcéoy#

jx}õ}$ Jv komjobjo ch`hd`hmh}}

mhbkwcêeiõfêdêo oédyh`huhd ni#

uhgg/ ò}òmh j Ekc|kGxudêo j

ghdykcõmêu/ mh hv iu eujn imh#

iòhdhu/ chw} riuuvjêoo jv hwhmh#

}i êooj|k}$

@ykwujd ch`}éwÿoŚ ghbhn}h}éu

]édy/ cidmhv hoŚdyòu }xojfmkd#

uê`kn djn êwj rjd/ nòwÿoghoÿo 7<

uvêvjoénnjo nhwÿo }òggh j Ekc#

|kGxu hxwõ|ji gxuvknakv né#

|hu}/ mh hv j ré}honkw oérŚ }ògg#

oh}nijmêu 7#7/8 ér joj}} ch`}éwÿo$

Fhohdoh` jvkdgjd cé` Hxwõ|ê#

Uvjncji bõwxc ▿ Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 2:


:$ Bédyhvéuahv j bhoÿoh}h}

fjrã}êuujo néuvã}in hoŚ

7$ J cźjdyj` wéuvhn `yêw}êuj

nÿoòd }hwhcghd }òw}édin

5$ 2<#0< ¼E#kd 7 õwê} }jw}õvnkmin

j rêv/ ak`y j `êvvêwrêdykn

ho}źdfhdhn

=―8$ J réùvhwhoméghd j Gxy

Jchwieêdjn rjoõ ch`bhohoéui

uvid}i` néuvÿo ho j gxuv

!jgojnkn ahoyéd bjwku} ohchv/

rhdmé`bx}õcź imhiòhdhu

jgwkdeuknnjo•)

HOŜVCÉDYHN ― J DJGI @yêw}õ éu Nhwhunhmhoci Nb}$ j DJGI Euk|kw} cj`yjwkwuvêì ohêdyrêoojoj}j/ j DJGI Euk|kw}

|hmi ` j Ehwgh wxu Ej|i}j o Cjdj` hchd} }xojf mkdj/ Śn jv XUJ ajwcjmin oh`dj`ykgg ghbhn}h}Śi euk|kw}fj$ J EhwghwxuEj|i}jo Cjdj`hchd} }ògghn nòvò}} }xojfmkdkuj !}hofhuh`éuvéghd rj`y wéuvghd) j Eawyuohw/ j @hdhwjo Ck}kwu/ j BIIJ/jv Jiw Ejdjmj/ j Dj}ikdjo Ejw Whd}jo rêoojoj}kndjn$ ‧ Cj`jj DJGI Euk|kw} jv XUJ h`yin chàj}êwkvõ rêoojonkvêuj/jv XUJ rêwkui jx}õgxuvkn |ijekd fhohd}Śu uvhwh|h} }òo} gh!jv iunkojgxuvkn |ijeêd rhvh}Ś)$ J euk|kw} j DJGI/ j Goxh

Giwm/ jv K|}icj cêwnên }xojfmkdkuj éu fêwcź}ã|xujidjn `yêw}õfj$ ‧ J cj`yjwkwuvêì ohêdyrêoojoj}/ j DJGI Nb}$j DJGI Euk|kw} jx}õgxuvjidjn bhfohuv}éuéghd jeéo éunkc|kvi} njwkuuvéwiêfêdjn `yêw}êuêgjd rh}} wéuv}$ ‧ J DJGI !j Dkw}a Jchwiej Gxu Idmxu}wihu wòrimã}éugŚo jmõmin) éu jcj`yjwkwuvêì jx}õgxuv`yêw}êu nj|eukoj}j :902#i` dyöoin riuuvj$ Hv érghd uvÿoh}h}} h`y ch`êooj|kmêu jv jnnkw cé` rioêàãwź Injwxu éu jv jchwinji Ewkpd Ekjea nòvò}}$

Hddhn éw}hocéghd Cj`yjwkwuvê`kd }òw}éd} j gxuv}hwrhvéu/j rêv`yêw}êu/ jv H`yhuÿo} Êoojckngjd j réùvhwhoéu$ Jv h`yÿ}}cźnòméu houŚ }hwcénh ― j Cj`yjwkwuvê`kd }hwrhvh}} euxnoõu jx}õgxuv ― :900#ghd fhohd} ch` Oku Jd`hohu x}eêid$ !Oku

Jd`hohu h`yé gnéd} dj|fjidng jd iu j DJGI h`y in oh`dj`ykg gch`whdmhoŚfh$) ‧ J 1<#ju érhnghd jv XUJ öf u}wj}éìji ch`êooj|kmêu} nò}ò}} jv Xdikd Ei}y Gkmy Ekc|jdyrho/ jv h`yÿ}}cźnòméughd oédyh`hu rêo}kvêu jvkdgjd dhc }òw}éd}$‧ :997#ghd jv XEGE j Biwu} Axd`jwy Bkxdm !HouŚ Cj`yj w Joj|)}xojfmkdêgj nhwÿo}/ Jojgjcj êoojc Jddiu}kd rêwkuêgjd

ch`jojnxo} jv Jchwiejd Injwxu Ide$‧

:995#gjd jv Injwxu W}$éu jv Jchwiejd Injwxu Ide$ ch`joj|ã}fj j DJGI#}$ J eéo6 jv Jchwiejd Injwxu hooê}êuj jx}õgxuv# njwkuuvéwiên njo$ ‧ :99=#ghd j DJGI Nb}$ jv Injwxu =52 }ã|xu yêw}êuêrjo jv Injwxu h` yin cê}yêubòomi }hoh|éd ch`nhvm}h }hrénhdyué`é}$ :992#gjdDJGI Ide$#wh rêo}kvk}} jv Jchwiejd Injwxu eé`/ ch`}òw}édin jv Injwxu W}$ }xojfmkdêdjn nirêuêwoêuj/ ch`jojnxo j DJGI W}$!jchoyh} j Gxmj|hu}i Éw}én}Śvuméwh iu ghrhvh}dhn)$

:

7

= 8

5



Uvjncji idbkwcêeiõn

J Di] Axd`jwy iméd }jrjuuvjo iu ch`}jw}k}#}j aj`ykcêdyku kwuvê`ku }joêonkvõukwk#vj}ê} j whìkdêoiu iwkmên nÿomò}}hi éu }j`# fji uvêcêwj$ J }joêonkvõn h`ywéuv} j cêfxu7=#hi nÿomò}}nòv`yźoéuwh rjoõ bhonéuvÿoéu fh`yéghd nhwÿo}hn ch`whdmhvéuwh/ hvéw }j nÿomò}}hn wéuvoh}hu }êfénkv}j}êu} nj|}jn jv Joj|uvjgêoy cõmkuã}êuêdjn idmknjiwõoéu jvknwõo j aj}êwkvj}i fjrjuoj}knwõo/ ch#oyhnh} j uvhwrhvh} hodònué`h j nÿomò}}nòv#`yźoéu uvêcêwj hoŚ}hwfhuv}éuwh fjrjuko}$ Jvi|jw}hu}ÿoh} rhvh}éuh j nòvö}i bxrjwkvêu}éwid}Ś bkd}kujgg jmj}knj}/ rêo}kvêuknj} iuch`kuv}k}}j j whdmhvrédyhnhd wéuv} rhrŚ}j`rêoojonkvêukn né|riuhoŚirho$ Ã`y }ògghn nòvò}} }êfénkv}j}}j j }jùê`k} j 7<:5 föoix#uêgjd Cj`yjwkwuvê`kd iu ghrhvh}éuwh nhwÿ#oŚ/ j ch`}h}} ö}}jo jwêdyku mãfbivh}éui whdm#uvhwdhn j rêoojonkvêukn nòo}uéùvhwnhvh}éwh`yjnkwko} rêwaj}õ aj}êujiwõo éu j ajvji bx#rjwkvõnj} chìooh}Ś nkc|hdvêeiõ ohah}Ś#ué`hiwŚo/ iooh}rh j 7<:7$ föoixu :#féd aj}êoy#gj oé|Ś uvhcéoyuvêooã}êui uvko`êo}j}êuknwõouvõoõ }òwrédy bkd}kujgg hohchiwŚo$

Bhonéuvÿoéu

j nòo}ué`dòrhnhméuwh

J bhd}i }écênkd nãrÿo j fhohd oérŚ bxrjwk#võn idbkwcêeiõnj} nj|aj}}jn j Di] Axd`jwyêo}jo jv hocöo} imŚuvjngjd hoéw} éwmhn#né|#riuhoh}i hwhmcédyhnwŚo éu j nòvhofòrŚwh rk#dj}nkvõ éwmhnéwrédyhuã}éui }òwhnréuhnwŚo/niaãrêuknwõo$ J uvhwrhvh} bhoaãr}j j bi`yho#

ch} j `é|fêwcź#nòvohnhméuuho nj|#eukoj}ku h`yhu whdmhoh}hn cõmkuã}ê#uêdjn }hwrhvh}éghd bkòjo} mãfdòrhnhméuwh/ch`hcoã}rh |éomêxo j bkw`jokcgj ahoyhvéuhoŚ}}i éu imŚuvjnku cźuvjni rivu`êoj} mãfê}/j nòwdyhvh}rémhoci bhoÿorivu`êoj}i mãfj}/ j`é|fêwcźrhvh}Śi éu ÿvhcghd }jw}õi nêw#}yên mãfê}$ Uvhcoéoh}hu |éomênnjo dykcj}é#nkuã}k}}j j giv}kuã}êui jmõ/ j |édvÿ`yi }wjd#vjneiõu iooh}én/ rjojcid} j }êrnòvoéui jmõnijmêudòrhoŚ aj}êuji}$ Dé`y dyhw`hu uvh#whoréddyho dhcvh}nòvi bkw`jokcgjd êwxbx#rjwkvêu} ré`vŚ rêoojonkvêu huh}éghd hvhn òuuvhuhd }ògg cid} :1 uvêvjoénku nòo}ué#`hchonhméu} fhohd}hdhn érhu uvid}hd/ cã`dé`y mjwjg/ 8#:< érhu/ 8: béwŚahoyhu fêwcź#rho dhcvh}nòvi jx}õgxuvku uvhcéoyuvêooã#}êugjd }hrénhdynhmŚ bxrjwkvõdjn :2 uvê#vjoénk} chàjojmõ érhu nijmêudòrhnhméu#uho nhoo uvêckodij j bhd}i jmõn éu iooh}én gh#rhvh}éuh huh}éd$

H`yhmi êwhoŚdy j }jùê`djn

J fhohdohì dhaév `jvmjuêì nòwdyhvh}#wh éu jv icéd} rêvko}/ rêwaj}õjd i`hd }h}h#chu nòo}ué`hchonhméuuho fêwõ bkoyjcj}kn#wj bi`yhohccho/ éu j }jùê` rhwuhdyahoyvh#}é} uvhc hoŚ}} }jw}rj/ jv i|jw}hu}ÿoh} j nòo}#uéàj}énkdyuê` éu nòo}ué`}jnjwénkuuê` fh`yéghd cidmhd ahoyuvãdhd eujn j }joêonk#võn dj|fêd éwrédyhu/ h`yhmi êwhoŚdy} dyöf#}õ }hwcén# éu uvko`êo}j}êuéw}énhuã}éui |wk`#wjccjo wxnnko} hoŚ$ J }j`rêoojonkvêukn ÿm#ròvòo}én jv éwmhnné|riuhoh}dhn j bxrjwk#

või rhwuhdyné|huué` dòrhoéuh éwmhnéghd}h}} hwŚbhuvã}éuhi}/ éu j oh`}ògghd éo}hn iuj |ijekd cjwjmêui huéoyhnh} dj`ycéw}én#ghd fjrã}õ nhmrhvcédyhu rêuêwoêui ohah}Ś#ué``ho !ECW bxrjwohréo/ ÿvhcjdyj`nêw}yj/}jeak`wêb nkwkd`/ nhdŚjdyj` u}g$)$ X`yjd#ã`y nkckoy éwmhnoŚméu nãuéw}h j uvhwrhvh}oh`öfjgg uvko`êo}j}êuê}/ j cźnòméui nòo}ué#`hn euònnhd}éuéwh jonjocju JH]W Ekd}wkochdh}ãwõ#niéw}énhoŚ éu dyiorêd}jw}õ |wk`wj#ck}/ rjojcid} j }hohnkccxdinêeiõu nijmê#ukn fhohd}Śu céwuénoéué} giv}kuã}õ uvko`êo#}j}êu} iu$ Hddhn joê}êcjuv}êuêwj ukn }j`rêo#ojonkvêu fhohv}h uvhwvŚméunò}éui uvêdménê}j }joêonkvõ ahoyuvãdhid$

Bxrjwkvõn Jmõnoxgfj

J }jrjuvi }joêonkvõn cêuin öfmkduê`jnéd}j Bxrjwkvõn Jmõnoxgfj aêwkc ahoyuvãdhd/Uvkodknkd/ \éeuh}} éu @yŚwghd nÿoòd |wk`#wjccjo rêw}j whìuv}wêo} }j`fji} éu j }j`rêo#ojonkvêukn |édvÿ`yi/ uvêcri}hoi }hwÿoh}}hobkòjonkvõ cxdnj}êwuji}/ ak`y ê}}hnid}uén j bxrjwkvõ uvjncê} éwid}Ś jn}xêoiu rêo}kvê#uknj}/ éu uvjncji nkdvxo}êeiõd euhwéofén ni joh``yjnkwigg dj|i néwméuhnnho nj|eukoj}kuchòê}êujinj}$

M$ Vu$

Di] Axd`jwy ::<1 Gxmj|hu}/ Öfah`yi ö} 5+J―8$]ho$6 72=#8<=</ 72=#8<=8H#cjio6 di}Ldi}$ax ‧ ppp$di}$ax


]jì }joêonkvõ Uvh`hmhd !bòd}) éu @yòd`yòuòd

Di] Axd`jwy aãwhn

]J@I ]JOÊONKVÕN6 ÊWHOŜDYJ RHWUHDYNÉ\HUUÉ@ÉW]

J Di] Axd`jwy ― h`yhmÿoi uvjncji éwmhnné|riuhoh}néd} ― }òggbwkd}ku jneiõ}idmã}k}} j ]ÊCK\ |êoyêvj}i bkwwêukndjn j nòvö}i nòvohnhméui joê`jvj}gjd

mko`kvõn né|véuéwh }òw}édŚ bhoajuvdêoêuj éwmhnéghd$ J nòrh}nhvh}hu éu ykwuéwmhnéwrédyhuã}éui cxdnj chàkv}j yÿcòoeué}6 j |êoyêvj} nhwh}éghd céìu eujn

houvêckoaj}õjn j aj}õuêì né|véuhn$

]ÊCK\ \ÊOYÊVJ]6 UINHWHU ÉWMHN#NÉ\RIUHOH]I BHOOÉ\ÉU

Hohci nò}hohuué` j }êck`j}êu

7<:7$ cêweixu houhféd hoidmxo} j —Cxdnjah#oyi né|véuhn }êck`j}êuj/ ]ÊCK\#7$:$5$J#E+:7+:#7$– eãcź |êoyêvj}/ jchoy j ajvji rêo#ojonkvêukn uvêcêwj êoojci }êck`j}êu i`édy#ghré}hoé} }huvi ohah}Śré j cxdnjrêoojoõin né|véuéahv$ Bxrjwkvõ eé`hn éwmhnoŚméuéwhj Dhcvh}i Bhfohuv}éui ß`ydònué` !DBß) éuj |êoyêv}j}êugjd nòvwhcźnòmŚ HUVJ Dkd#|wkbi} Nb}$ koyjd êooêubkòjoêu} jm}jn ni/ ci#uvhwid} j aj}õuêì né|véuhn h |êoyêvj} nh#wh}éghd dhc uvêckoaj}õjn ho$ Hv j uvjn#cjioj` j chòh|h}éu hwhférho aj}õ êooêu#bkòjoêu jvkddjo euhohnréuwh néuv}h}}h jv

i|jw}hu}ÿoh}h}/ aiuvhd dhc nhrhuhggwŚo rko}uvõ/ cid} ak`y j bxrjwkvõ rêoojonkvêukn }k#rêggwj iu hohudhn j}}õo j ohah}Śué`}Śo/ ak`yêoojci }êck`j}êu} rh`yhdhn i`édygh mko#`kvõin né|véuéahv$ Wêjmêuxo h}}Śo jv ér}Śoj bxrjwkvõ cxdnêo}j}õn j uvjnné|véui akv#vêfêwxoêu} uhc bkwmã}aj}fên cxdnjrêoojoõin né|véuéwh$ Ö`y dévh}} ni }haê}/ ak`y j nòv#ö}i bxrjwkvêu idmknkoj}ojd aê}wêdygj nhwÿocêu uvjncênnjo uvhcghd/ hvéw} j ajvji bx#rjwkvõn éwmhnhi} né|riuhoŚ Di] Axd`jwyhohci nò}hohuué`édhn }jw}k}}j/ ak`y hgghdj ahoyvh}ghd j cj`j huvnòvhirho ch`|wõ#gêofkd uh`ã}ué`h} dyöf}jdi$



Dyhw}hu6 j }hofhu joê`jvj}

J Di] Axd`jwy j wê fhoohcvŚ aj}êwkvk}}uê`#`jo éu honò}hohvh}}ué``ho njwko}j bho hv} jnéwméunòw}/ éu j |wkgoécj kwrkuoêuêwj iwê#dyxoõ hwŚbhuvã}éuhi ajcjw eéogj iu éw}hn$ JRêoojonkvõn éu Cxdnêo}j}õn Kwuvê`ku Uvò#rh}ué`h }êck`j}êuêdjn iu nòuvòdah}Śhd/wòrim imŚd ghoÿo ch`dyx`}j}õ ch`komêuuvÿoh}h}} h dj`y akwmhwhfź/ j }hofhu ajvjinòvö}i nòvohnhméui uvko`êo}j}õ joê`jvj}k}éwid}Ś ÿ`yghd$ J Dhcvh}i Bhfohuv}éui ß`y#dònué` hodònh jwwõo }êfénkv}j}}j jv éwmhn#né|riuhoh}h}/ ak`y j rêoojonkvêukn cźnòm#}h}éuérho nj|eukoj}ku/ oh`joêgg E/ iooh}rhE.H rj`y M éu M.H rhvh}Śi hd`hméoynj}h#

`õwiênakv nò}ò}} cxdnjnòw hooê}êuêakv/ io#oh}rh jv hvhnahv nj|eukoõmõ joj|né|huã#}éuhnahv/ }krêggné|véuhnahv/ }jdbkoyjciné|véuhnahv bhoajuvdêoaj}õn j ]ÊCK\ bkw#wêukn$

I|jw}hu}ÿoh}i rêoojoêukn

J bhd}ihn éw}hocéghd j |êoyêvj}i }êck`j#}êu} `é|nkeuirhvh}Śn nj}h`õwiêu né|véué#wh/ joj|né|huã}éuédhn chùvhwvéuéwh !@NI)/}krêggné|véuéwh !@NI)/ JMW éu niu`é|nhvh#oŚi uvjn}jdbkoyjcknwj/ êwxbxrjwkvõi éu uvh#céoyuvêooã}õ rêoojonkvõi uvjnrivu`êwj iu bkw#mã}aj}fên j rêoojonkvêukn$ J 7<:7$ cêfxu ho#uhfé}Śo ghdyöf}aj}õ |êoyêvj} nhwh}éghd j

niurêoojonkvõn huh}éghd mko`kvõdnéd} =8<hvhw bkwid}/ rêoojonkvõdnéd} cjqicxc :<ciooiõ bkwid} riuuvj dhc }éwã}hdmŚ }êck`j#}êu dyhwah}Ś ho$ J }êck`j}êui whdmuvhwhdghoÿo j né|véui nòo}ué`hd bhoÿo houvêcko#aj}õ j cxdnjrêoojoõn nihuŚ cxdnjgéwh/ juvÿnué` uvhwid}i uvêooêunòo}ué`h éu hooê}êuj/rjojcid} j |êoyêvj}ãwêu mãfj iu$ J Di] Axd`j#wy cidmhd éwid}h}} }j`fj uvêcêwj rêoojofj j|êoyêvj} òuuvhêooã}êuê}/ }krêggê jnnwhmi}êo}né|véui id}évcédyh/ j Njcikduxoi rjojchdy#dyi né|véui bkwcj }hnid}h}éghd j }j`fji whd#mhonhvéuéwh êoo$

― M$ Vu$ ―


▿ Nêkuv j |ijekd ― J ajvjijx}õchd}Śu |ijekd êomj}ojd êooj#|k}kn xwjonkmdjn/ cj fõuvhwirhouvid}h cidmhdni ré`hvah}i hv} j}hrénhdyué`h}/ jni hgghd ÿvoh#}i |hwu|hn}ãrê} oê}$ Nêkuv éu uvj#gêoykvj}ojduê` fhoohcvi j |ijek}/jci h`ywéuv} j cj`xnj} jx}õ#chd}Śu rêoojonkvõdjn niniêo}õ—aiédên– cjocêwj ajf}fj j rivh}j }iuv}huué`hu éu uvjncjioj` bho#néuvÿo} rjoõmi rêoojonkvõn nêwê#wj/ cêuwéuv} j nòvohnhméugiv#}kduê`/ j nòvrj`ykd !x}jn) wkd#`êoêuj/ j nòwdyhvh}uvhddyhvéuuvhc|kd}fêgõo iu wk||jd} j``ê#oyku$ Ci }ògg/ j riuuvj}jw}õ hwhfźaj}õuêì hoohdŚwvéudhn éu idmk#

nko} huh}ghd uvjdneikdêoêudjn uh aãwh/ uh ajcrj$▿ Néuin j fkùvjgêoy ― J Di]Axd`jwy éu j cxdnjuvhwrhvh}édghoÿo ch`jojnã}k}} Jx}õchd}Ś]jdêeu eéoxo }źv}h ni j oh}iuv}xo}/h`yéw}hocź éu uvjgêoykvk}} fkìnhwh}hn nòvò}} cźnòmŚ/ j uvjn#cj uvhwh|oŚi uvêcêwj h`yhd#oŚ rhwuhdybho}é}hohnh} giv}kuã}õnòvö}i fêwcźchd}Ś |ije ch`}h#whc}éué}$ I`yhnuvin dj|iwhdmhd}jw}jdi j }écê} ö`y j fk`jonk#}õn/ cid} jv éwid}h}} aj}õuê`kn/nòvö}nhvhoŚn/ uvjncji uvhwrhvh#}hn hoŚ}}/ bkoyjcj}kujd }êfénkv#}j}fj jv KWBN―Kwuvê`ku Gjohuh}#ch`hoŚvéui Givk}}uê`k} j |ije

jn}xêoiu ahoyvh}éwŚo$ Éu gêw }jrjoydyêwkd chìdmxo} j fkùvjgêoy#hoŚnéuvã}Ś cxdnjbkoyjcj}/ u jnkwcêdydjn ch`rjd j bhoaj}jo#cjvêuj/ ak`y jv jx}õchd}éui}hrénhdyué` ré`véuédhn bho}é}h#ohi} fkùvjgêoygjd êooj|ã}uj ch`/j oj|vêw}jnkw whdmhonhvéuwh êooõidbkwcêeiõn uvhwid} j rkdj}nkvõnkwcêdywhdmhoh} hoŚnéuvã}éuhcé` dhc nhvmŚmò}} ho$▿Cinkw ohuv i}} whdm; ― J Di]Axd`jwy éu jv Jx}õchd}Ś]jdêeu cidmjvkdêo}jo ni}jw}õjd}huvi j mko`ê} j fkì uvjgêoykvêuhoŚckvmã}êuj éwmhnéghd$ Jvi|jw}hu}ÿoh} né|riuhoŚfh jv KGG7<:7$ cêfxu 5#ji ÿoéuéd iucé}uvãdhu |whvhd}êeiõgjd jmk}}}êfénkv}j}êu} j fêwcźchd}éu fhohdohì ahoyvh}éwŚo$ Rêwaj}õjd

uvh|}hcghw cêukmin bhoéghd|hmi` ch`whdmhvéuwh nhwÿo jvJx}õchd}Ś ]jdêeu II$ Kwuvê`kuUvjncji Bõwxcj/ jako j whcé#dyhn uvhwid} oh`joêgg h`y réoh#cédyhvah}Ś uvid}ź nkwcêdy#whdmhoh}#}hwrhvh}wŚo iu uvõ} }xm#djn cjfm rêo}jdi j wéuv}rhrŚn$Jcã` }haê} éwmhnéwrédyhuã}éuiuvid}hd `ŚvhwŚrho bkoyin j cxdnj― i`jv/ j fkùvjgêoyjonk}õn h`yh#oŚwh dhc }xm}ên bhorhddi j wi}#cxu} ―/ jmmi` jv x}jnkd uhccidhc rêo}kvk}}$ X`yjdjv jv jdjw#eaij/ uvjnuvhwź}ohd éu gjohuh}rh#uvéoyhu cźuvjni chd}éuhn uk#njuê`j fhoohcvi j |ijek}/ cid}hmmi`$ Fk`ku j néwméu6 cinkw ohuvi}} whdm; U ohuv#h whdm h`yêo}j#oêd; J rêojuv h`ywh uÿw`h}Śgg•

M$ Vu$

NÒVÖ]I FÊWCżCHD]ÉU6

HOJNJM] J WHDM]HWHC]ÉU

▿ Nòvohnhméugiv}kduêì |ojnê}kn

Hxwõ|êéw} ― Jv Hxwõ|ji Givk}}uê` Ckgioi#

}êu|koi}inji éu Nòvohnhméui BŚi`jv`j}õuê`j

!M@ CKRH)/ h`yÿ}}cźnòmrh jv Hxwõ|ji

Ibföuêì Bõwxc j Nòvohnhméu Giv}kduê`êéw}

nkkwmidê}kwêrjo/ —]hwrhvv h`y nòvohnhméu#

giv}kduêì |ojnê}k} Hxwõ|êéw}*– eãccho

|êoyêvj}k} ãw} ni :918 x}êd uvÿoh }h}}/ jv Hxwõ|ji Xdiõ rjojchoy }j`kwuvê`êgjd éoŚ

bij}jokn uvêcêwj/ jninh} éwmhnho j `wjbinji

}hwrhvéu$ J uvhwrhvŚn koyjd ò}oh}huhd ni`kd#

mko}/ uvhcgh}źdŚ/ hwhmh}i/ jv HX nòvohnhméu#

giv}kduêì njc|êdyêdjn whnoêckvêuêwj

bhoajuvdêoaj}õ |ojnê}knj} rêw}jn j |êoyê#

võn}õo/ jchoyhn j :1#78 érhu hxwõ|ji `é|#

nkeuirhvh}Śnaòv uvõodjn éu `kdmkonkmõgj

hf}in Śnh} j nòvx}jn giv}kduê`êrjo nj|euk#

oj}gjd$ Cj`yjwkwuvê`wõo }ògghd fhohd}nhv#

}hn j |êoyêvj}wj/ éu nÿom}én ho h`yhmi/ òdêo#

oõjd ch`}hwrhvh}} éu ho`kdmkonkm}j}õ |oj#

nê}fjinj} j niãwõndjn$▿Dh`yhmin ahoy ― ni}źdŚ* ― J M@ CKRH

né|riuhoŚi/ jv Hxwõ|ji Ibföuêì Bõwxc j

Nòvohnhméu Giv}kduê`êéw} nkkwmidê}kwj éu jv

HXWHUID cźréuvh}i i`jv`j}õfj rêojuv}k}}ên ni

j :< mòd}Śu |êoyjcźrh}/ uvhc hoŚ}} }jw}rj cid#

mhdhnhoŚ}} j ghdyöf}k}} cxdnên hwhmh}iué`é}/

cźréuvi cidŚué`é} éu jv}/ ak`y chddyiwh uvõ#

oã}fên ch` j bij}jo hxwõ|ji êoojc|ko`êwknj}$ J

mòd}Śgh fx}k}} |êoyêvj}knj} ― choyhn nòvò}} h`y 7: érhu miõumi miênoêdy/ Gk`õ Nwiuv}idj |oj#

nê}fj iu k}} rko} ― j rhwuhdy akdoj|fêd nhwhuv#

}ÿo dyiorêdku kdoidh uvjrjvêuwj gkeuê}k}}ên j

uvhwrhvŚn/ ã`y cidmhd xdiõu êoojc|ko`êw h`y

jonjokccjo uvjrjvaj}k}} jv êo}joj oh`fkgg#

djn/ nòvohnhméugiv}kduêì uvhc|kd}gõo

oh`nibhfhvŚggdhn ã}éo} |êoyjcxdnêwj$ J uvj#

rjvêu ré`hwhmcédyhnéd} h`y euha/ ohd`yho

éu gko`êw rhwuhdyvŚ x}êd Nwiuv}idj jv i`j#

vêd hoŚnhoŚ dh`yhmin ahoyhvéu} éw}h ho$

▿ N ÿoòdmãf Nwiuv}idêdjn ― J Di]

Axd`jwy/ jv hxwõ|ji éu ajvji nòvohnhméu#

giv}kduê` fjrã}êuêgjd honò}hohvh}} uvjn#

cji éwmhnné|riuhoh}néd} éu }ògg/ j giv#

}kduê`kujgg nòvohnhméu ch`}hwhc}é#ué} vêuvojfêwj }źvŚ uvhwrhvh} !|éomêxo jv

Hxwõ|ji Nòvohnhméugiv}kduêì Eajw}j rj`y

jv KWBN―Kwuvê`ku Gjohuh}#ch`hoŚvéui

Givk}}uê` nkdvxo}êeiõu }hu}ÿoh}h) }j`fjnéd}/

jv houŚn nòvò}} ÿmròvòo}h j |êoyêvj} niãwê#

uê}/ éu jddjn fhohd}Śué`é}/ j bij}jo nkwkuv#

}êoykn uvhcoéoh}bkwcêoêuêgjd gh}òo}ò}}

uvhwh|é} céwoh`horh/ jv KGG#rho nòvòuhd

h`y nhwén|êw} jfêdok}} bho j oh`fkgg ahoyh#

véu} hoéwŚ cj`yjw idmxoõ uvêcêwj$ J nÿoòd#

mãfj} Mi}}ho @êgkw/ jv i|jw}hu}ÿoh} ÿ`yrh#

vh}Ś bŚ}i}nêwj éu Niuu Eujgj whdmŚw johvwh#

mhu/ jv KWBN―KGG bŚ}i}nêwj jm}ên ê} Gk`õNwiuv}idêdjn$ ― M$ Vu$

NHWÉN\ÊW J OH@FKGG CJ@YJW IDMXOÕDJN



]ivhdò} .: ohah}Śué`

nhmrhvcédyhu }jdnkoêuwj

Njwcku @êgkwdjn/ jv CNBH bŚ#

}i}nêwêdjn hoŚjmêuê} jv h`yh#

uÿoh} öf uvko`êo}j}êujiwõo/ òw#

rhdmh}huhd dòrhnrŚ }jùê`ê#

wõo nkwêggjd uvid}éd iuchw}h}#

}ÿn cêw$ Dhc }h}}ÿn cé` nòvvé

― éu cku} |õ}kofxn ― jvkndjn j

}òwvunx}jndjn jv hoéwah}Śué#

`é}/ jako j CKO#CNBH#nêw}yj

}xojfmkdkukn gwx}}õ :7 B} 98 bio#

oéw nhmrhvcédy} nj|djn jv öd$

nö}i oiu}j êwjnakv né|hu}$

J bŚ}i}nêw bhoaãr}j j ajoo`j}õuê`

bi`yhocé} jwwj j }jì fhouvõrjo ho#

éwah}Ś éu mãfchd}huhd oh}òo}ah#

}Ś uvkb}rhwwh/ jchoydhn uh`ã}ué#

`érho jv CNBH }j`fji nòddyhg#

ghd i`édyhoah}in j nhwhunhmho#

ci êvkojf riuuvj}éwã}éu}$

Ch`hoŚvdi

j njcikdok|êuknj}

J njcikdok|êuknwõo/ j eujoõn

cõmuvhwhiwŚo/ j rémhnhvéui oh#

ah}Śué`hnwŚo \ju}yin \ixuv/ jv

CNBH idbkwcêeiõu whbhwhduh éu j

]ickEkc né|riuhoŚi/ Aken#Wi}#

}hw Iominõ éu Uêwmi Iominõ }jw}k}}jn

hoŚjmêu}$ J }écj jn}xjoi}êuêwj

ci uhc fhoohcvŚgg/ cid} ak`y

hgghd jv érghd hmmi` 78 njci#

kddyi êwx} ok|}jn rj`y —}éwã}h}#

}hn ho– cj`yjw bxrjwkvõn}õo$

▿ Jv h`yin cõmuvhw6 j gźdò#

vŚn oé}hvŚ rêoojonkvêukn gŚ#

wégh göfdjn$ J nòvhocöo} huh#

}hi jwwõo }jdöunkmdjn/ ak`y j

bxrjw|ijei eujoõn cêw dhc ni#

}joêo} eé`dhrhnnho |wõgêonkv#

djn !choyhn oé}hvéuh id}hwdh}hu

eé`fh`yvéngŚo hoohdŚwivah}Ś)/

ajdhc rjoõu/ cźnòmŚ éu ohidbkw#

cêoaj}õ bxrjwkvõ rêoojonkvêukn

gŚwégh göfrj/ jvkn jonjocjvk}#

}jidjn jmfên ni cj`xnj}$ J rioê`#

aêoõd bhoohoah}Ś/ dyiorêdku jmj}#

gêviukngõo fx}djn j eé`jmj}kn#

akv !eé`fh`yvénuvêc/ jmõuvêc/

uvénahoy/ ÿ`yrhvh}Ś dhrh u}g$)$

Hvx}êd j rjoõmi}õo ho}éwŚ h#cjio#

eãch} nwhêodjn cj`xndjn !hvhn

}òggdyiwh bwhhcjio rj`y `cjio#

hu eãchn)/ u jwwõo ghfhohd}nhvrh

nò}dhn ÿvoh}h}/ cjfm ajciuã}k}}

mknxchd}xcknj}/ ajciu }hré#

nhdyuéì hd`hméoy}/ ê}nkvch}i#

nêvk}} ECW#giv}kuã}êui i`jvkoêu}

nÿomhdhn j ch`gãvõdjn$ Cix}êd

Ś} wêuvhm}én/ ok|k}} whdmuvêcö

fêwcźrho fhohddhn ch` j ch`#

gãvõ }hoh|ahoyéd/ jako bho iu rh#

uvin j wjnkcêdy}/ êc jv êwx uk#

ajuhc éwnhvin ch`$ J cidmhw#

wŚo ci} uhc uhf}Ś i`jvi bxrjwkvõ

eé` rhvh}Śfh cêw eujn jnnkw fòd

wê/ ak`y j dhréghd imh`hdhn }h#

rénhdynhmdhn/ jcinkw j ch`gã#

võ }ògg dj| x}êd wjf}j nhwhui jv

ho}źd} êwx}$

Jv huh}dhn êo}joêgjd né} nêwk#

uxo}fj rjd6 h`yuvhw jv/ jnidhn j

dhrérho riuuvjéo}hn/ cêuuvkw jv/

jnidhn j wjnkcêdyê} hook|}ên$

▿ J cêuin cõmuvhw6 j eujoõn

eé`hn h} rêuêwkodjn$ J cõm#

uvhw oédyh`h/ ak`y gźdòvŚn ho#

jmêuwj nãdêo}/ j|wõgg bxrjwkvõ

eé`hnh} rêuêwkodjn/ cjfm `ykw#

ujd bxrjw} rêoojodjn$ Jwwj é|ã}h#

dhn/ ak`y jv jmmi` }iuv}huué`h#

uhd cźnòmŚ éu cidmhdni êo}jo

fõo iuchw } rêooj onkvêu éoh}éghd

ghnòrh}nhvh}} }xojfmkdkurêo#

}êuwõo j bxrjw|ije uvhwh|oŚi !ho#

uŚukwgjd j eé` ch`gãvõi) eujn

dj|kn rj`y ah}hn ho}ho}érho éw#

}huÿodhn cjfm/ u hv} jv ê}bx}êui

imŚ} niajuvdêorj/ Śn uvjgjmkd

`jwêvmêonkmaj}djn éu ok|aj}#

djn wjnkcêdy}/ riuuvjéorh j eé`

wéì }xojfmkdkuêdjn fõ aãwérho$

J bxrjwrêoojoêu riooêc`ykwujd/

ohah}Śoh` j eé` }xojfmkdkurêo#

}êuj x}êd déaêdy dj||jo }òw}é#

din$ J eé` éoh}éghd }òw}éd} rêo#

}kvêu} aiêgj iu nhwhu`éodé }haê}

gêwni gêwcioyhd jmj}gêviugjd$ J

gÿwknwêeij fõrjo ojuujgg jddêo/

cid} jchddyi imŚ nhoo h`y njci#

kddyi aöu rj`y euknkoêmé —horj#

wêvukoêuêakv–$

▿Nhmrho} êwxn6 j gźdòvŚn oh`#

idnêgg jvknwj jv êwxbéohué`hn#

wh —gxndjn–/ choyhnhd nòddyhd

éu `ykwujd }öo ohah} jmdi$ Cidm#

hvhn nòvò}} houŚ ahoyhd êoo j bj#

Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 ▿ Uvjncji bõwxc2=

J njcikdok|êuknwõo \ju}yin \ixuv/ jv CNBH idbkwcêeiõu whbhwhduh

éu j ]ickEkc né|riuhoŚi/ Aken#Wi}}hw Iominõ éu Uêwmi Iominõ }jw}k}}jn hoŚjmêu}

`yjuv}k}} aöu/ cjfm j euknkoê#

mé/ j njnjõ|kw/ j aêv}jw}êui }iuv#

}ã}õuvhw/ u}g$ Hvhnh} j `é|i jonj}#

wéuvhn nòrh}in j ukwgjd$

▿Uêwku whdmuvêckn6 jv hocöo}

imŚuvjngjd jv joêggi whdmuvê#

cknnjo fhohd}hn ch` cj`yjw#

kwuvêì eujoõn hxwõ|ji bhowjnõ#

ahoyhnhd !j whdmuvêckn bho}h#

ah}Śhd ok|k}}jn)6 NUA#::7> OJ]#

=:0> O\]#::5> OU@#2:0> OFP#0<:>

QQM#517> QYF#120> QQX#200>

QRN#<5= éu QXO#=79$

J ]ickEkc né|riuhoŚi ajdùö#

oykv}ên/ ak`y cidmhd/ whdmho#

nhvéuÿnwh êooõ idbkwcêeiõ} ê}jm#

djn jv CNBH#dhn jwwõo/ ak`y ci

j cõmuvhw oédyh`h/ ak`yjd eui#

dêofên/ choyhn j nÿoòdòuhd rh#

uvéoyhv}h}h}} bxrjwkn$ Jv CNBH

|hmi` j ujfê} euj}kwdêid i`yhn#

uvin cidmhv} hofx}}j}di j }j`kn#

akv$ Jv houŚ huh}hn dyiorêdku#

uê`wj akvj}joj x}êd i}}akd euòn#

nhd} hvhndhn j gźdeuhohncé#

dyhndhn j uvêcj/ j }h}}ahoy Wk#

cêdiêgj nhwÿo} ê}$ HggŚo iu jwwj

nòrh}nhv}h}ÿdn/ ak`y cj`yj#

wkn ohah}dhn jv honòrh}Śi hddhn

j eujoêuukwkvj}djn iu$ J oédyh`

jv imŚvã}éu/ éu j uhghuué`$ J oh`#

rhuvéoyhuhgg j |éd}hn méox}êdi

bxrjwrêoojoêu/ jv êo}joxdn iuchw}

huh}hnghd j bxrjwuvhwrhvŚn

dhc hoohdŚwiv}én oh j dyiorêdku

eéìdbkwcêeiõnj}/ j ch`jmk}}

hoéwah}Śué`hnh}$ Jv hoohdŚwvéu#

wh cidmi` imŚ} nhoo uvjnã}jdi/ ai#

uvhd j eujoõn é||hd jwwj j|hooêo#

djn/ ak`y j bxrjwuvhwrhvŚn imŚ

aiêdyêgjd dhc bi`yhodhn kmj j

wéuvoh}hnwh$ X`yjdjnnkw |êw ho#

ohdŚwvŚ oé|éuuho j eujoêukn dj`y

wéuvh ch`hoŚvah}Ś ohddh$ \jw}#

dhwhidn uvêcêwj jmk}} j ohah#

}Śué`/ ak`y j dêoxdn dyiorêd#

}jw}k}} jmj}knj} òuuvhajukdoã}#

CNBH aãwhn

BKD]KU UVJNCJIIDBKWCÊEIÕNJciwh bi`yhodi éu ri`yêvdi nhoo

Jv hocöo} ah}hnghd 0 ahoyuvãdhd whdmhvh}} nÿomò}}rêojuv}õ`yźoéuhnh} jv CNBH/ jak`yjd hwwŚo hoŚvŚ oj|uvêcxdngjd

cêw }êfénkv}j}}xn Korjuõidnj}$ Hvhnhd j whdmhvrédyhnhd

j bxrjwkvõ rêoojonkvõn éu j `é|nkeuirhvh}Śn uvêcêwj

iu bkd}ku idbkwcêeiõn ajd`vk}}jn ho/ |éomêxo j CKO#

CNBH#nêw}yj }xojfmkdkuji uvêcêwj fhohd}Śuhd gŚrã}h}}

nhmrhvcédyhu }jdnkoêui ohah}Śué`hnwŚo/ jv h`ywh

`yjnwjggjd hoŚbkwmxoõ njcikd# éu wjnkcêdyok|êuknwõo/

iooh}rh jv hoohdÿn ohah}ué`hu rémhnhvéuwŚo éu j @K#Gkq ahoyhu

ajuvdêoj}êwõo$

]HOH\ßOÉU Ö] nc

Gjoj}kdohooh C0 !I$) :51

Gjoj}kdohooh C0 !II$) :51

@òwghaêvj C5 !I$) :17/8

@òwghaêvj C5 !II$) :17/8

Nheunhcé} C8 ! I$ ) 9</8

Nheunhcé} C8 ! II $) 9</8

Ckukdcj`yjwõrêw C: !I$) :27

Ckukdcj`yjwõrêw C: !II$) :27

Uvh nu vê wm C2 !I $) :5=

Uvhnuvêwm C2 ! II $) :5=

Rheuéu C< !I$) 51

Rheuéu C< !II$) 51

Vjojnk cêw !IDJ# nö}) C0 !I $) :97

Vjojnk cêw !IDJ# nö}) C0 !II $) :97

Wêgjbÿvhu 1#ju bŚö}

. : nö}/ jchoyh} j nêw}yj}xojfmkdku

rêojuv}aj} ni j CKO oiu}êfêgõo



gjd oérŚ jgojn}òwoŚ oj|ê}k} dhc}jnjwaj}fj oh$ !J wéuvoh}hu cźnò#méui éu ghuvhwhoéui ohãwêu} cid#mhdni ch`}joêoaj}fj j ppp$`k#cjx}$j} komjokd$)Aiêgj cźnòmŚné|hu j cźuvhw/aj dideu fõo ghuvhwhorh$ Hgghdjv huh}ghd dhc }òw}édin ch`jv ö}mãfghuvhméu$ Jv hoŚjmõn déaêdy }i|inxu |éomê} iu bhouk#wko}jn j ahoy}hohd bhouvhwhoéuwh6hoŚbkwmxo/ ak`y j @K#Gkqk} bkw#mã}rj wj`juv}fên bho/ rj`y |éomê#xo j uvéorémŚ ahoyh}} j cźuvhw#bjowj wò`vã}in$ Uvid}éd riuvkdyoj``yjnkwi huh}/ ak`y jv jgojn}òw#oŚ êo}jo ohbhmh}} rkdjogjd uvhwh#oin bho j néuvÿoénh}$ Jnnkw uhccźnòmin j whdmuvhw/ aj j @K#Gkqkd }êwko} whdmuvêc ho}éw j}édyoh`hu whdmuvêc}õo$

]IW#kncêdy} ajuvdêoõ

bxrjwkvõn }krêggné|véuh

X`yjdeujn bkd}ku huhcédyrko} jv CNBH éoh}éghd j ]IW#kn#cêdy} ajuvdêoõ bxrjwkvõn hvéri }krêggné|véuh$ J né} ahoy#uvãdhd ― Gxmj|hu}hd éu Dyãw#h`yaêvêd ― ch`}jw}k}} }jdbk#

uên jvvjo/ jci} j eé` dhréghdghfhohd}nhvŚ ch`jm$ Bkd}ku fho ohah}/ aj cêu }hohbkduvêcrjd ch`jmrj/ cid} ckdmfxn jeé` akdoj|fêd/ rj`y dhc jvk#dku j bjquvêc/ iooh}rh jv hcjioeãc iu eujn ajukdoõ$ Eux|j j|wõ#uê`/ jci dj`ykd `yjdöuuê }hah}h`y jfêdoj}k}$ J eé` dj`yuê`ê#}õo bÿ``h}ohdÿo gêwni êomkvj}}êrêoaj}$ H`y dj`y/ iuchw} nÿobòomiuvêooã}cêdykvõ eé` iu jv êomkvj#}kn nòvò}} rko}/ jddyiwj dhc bi#`yho}hn/ ak`y koyjddjn jm}ên jbxrjw}/ jnidhn uhccioyhd hd`h#méoyh dhc rko}/ h`yêo}joêd dhciu bxrjwkvaj}k}} rkodj$ Uvkwkujdh`yÿ}}cźnòmÿdn }ògg whdm#Świ uvhwrrho/ @yŚw}Śo Uvh`hmi`$]ògg oé|euŚghd uvźwfÿn jvknj}j eé`hnh}/ jchoyhn j ci whdm#uvhwÿdnh} uvhwh}dén ajuvdêodi$Rjd h`y öf/ id`yhdhu uvko`êo}j#}êuxdn/ j ]E Imhd}iby$ Hddhn nh#wh}hid ghoÿo jv ÿ`ybéo ghnÿomi dh#nÿdn j ch`gãvêui źwoj|k}/ jakobho}ÿd}h}i j |k}hdeiêoiu |jw}dhw#who nj|eukoj}ku né}hoyhi}$ Hcho#oh}} honÿomi dhnÿdn j ghnéw} mk#nxchd}xcknj}/ éu ci ê}dévvÿn Śnh}$ H`ywh }ògghd rhuvin i`édy#gh hv} j uvko`êo}j}êu}/ éu néwmhv#dhn ch` cidnh} j bxrjw horêooj#oêuj hoŚ}}/ aj rjojci `yjdöu$ Dê#oxdn aêwcjd bkòjonkvdjn giv#}kduêì néwméuhnnho/ j déch}nòv|kd}gjd :=#hd$ Né}nòwòu jeé`hoohdŚwvéuÿdn/ houŚnéd} ci/cjfm j déch} nòv|kd} iu hoohd#Świv$ J oh`bkd}kujgg/ ak`y jv id#bkwcêeiõn hofxuujdjn j bxrjwk#võnakv/ bi`yhofhdhn kmj/ hvéw} fõ/ ak`y uvkwkujd h`yÿ}} }xmxdn cźnòmdi jv CNBH#rho$

Jci} j @K#Gkqwõo }xmdi nhoo

J whdmhvrédyukwkvj}k} vêwõ/gxmj|hu}i }joêonkvõd }jw}k}#}jn hoŚjmêu} j @K#Gkq néuvÿoén ajuvdêoj}êwõo/ houŚukwgjd ch`#bhohoŚ bhoahoyhvéuéwŚo jv kuv}#wên JUBIDJ@ eéèuk|kw} né|ri#uhoŚi/ Phwdhw Bwi}v éu Uhghu}yédNj}joid$Jv hoŚjmêudjn nihcho} jn}xjoi#}êu} jmk}}/ ak`y dhc uknnjo j}joêonkvõ hoŚ}} fhohd} ch` j Nkw#cêdy nòvohcédyh/ choy uvhwid}j fòrŚ ér föoixuê}õo Cj`yjwkw#uvê`kd iu ghrhvh}in j ajuvdêoj}#jwêdyku hohn}wkdinxu ö}mãfj} j5/8 }kddj ch`hd`hmh}} òuuv}ò#ch`h} chàjojmõ }hahw`é|fêw#cźrhnwh j `ykwubkw`joci éu jv

kwuvê`ku nòvö}aêoõvj} bŚö}i nÿo#}hwÿoh}i uvjnjuvjid$ Hxwõ|j }òggkwuvê`êgjd cêw akuuvjgg imhfhnÿoòdgòvŚ cźuvhwhnnho bhouvh#whonhvrh nhoo nòvohnhmdiÿn j }h#ahwfêwcźrhndhn/ jchoyhn jv H#mãf bivh}éu nhooénhi$ U gêw jv xdiõu}òwhnréu h`y h`yué`hu whdmuvhwnijojnã}êuj ohddh/ fhohdoh` òuv#uvhuvêcoêodi iu dhaév/ aêdybéohnÿ}yÿ} nédy}hohdhn bhohwŚuã}hdij uvéorémŚwh$ Éu dhc cidmh`y/ak`yjd* J oh`}ògg |wkgoécê}x`yjdiu jv knkvvj/ aj jv huv#nòv}/ huh}ÿdnghd j @K#Gkqk}wkuuvxo ahoyhvin ho ― cj`yjwêv#}j Uhghu}yéd Nj}joid/ jv JUBI#DJ@ cxdnj}êwuj$Jxuv}wiêgjd 7<<=#}Śo rhvh}}én gh j @K#Gkq ajuvdêoj}ê}/ choy#dhn hoŚnéuvã}éuh né} éri` }jw}k}}$Ni nhooh}} é|ã}hdi jv ö}mãf whdm#uvhw}/ nijojnã}jdi jv ö}mãf uvjnj#uvknj}$ Cidmhd h`yhu ö}mãf uvj#njuvkd bhoêooã}k}}ên j ghuvhmŚnj|xnj}/ jchoyhnwh jd}hddênj}uvhwho}hn$ Jcinkw j fêwcź ê}aj#ojm j nj|x joj}}/ j @K#Gkq nj|#eukoj}gj nhwÿo j nj|xrjo/ éu jcinwkaxooêcö jd}hddj uh`ã}ué#`érho ohrkdõmin j ch`bhohoŚ òuv#uvh`$ Oédyh`hu uvhc|kd}/ ak`yj @K#Gkq fõo oh`yhd bhouvhwhorh/hv j bho}é}hoh/ ak`y j ahoyhu òuv#uvh`h} rkdfj oh$Jv kuv}wên Ö}mãfwhdmhoh}dhn ch`bhohoŚhd j }hahwfêwcź rhvh#}Śfh nò}hohu hoŚãwêuuvhwźhd gh#uvhwhodi j @K#Gkqk}/ cé`|hmi`òd}j|jmõ }é|Śvêw uh`ã}ué`érhonhoo wò`vã}hdih/ j uvéorémŚ gho#uhféwh$ J @K#Gkqdjn jv jgojn#}òwoŚn ckv`êu}hwéghd/ j fêwcźnòvh|h éu j nkwcêdywöm nòvò}}/j uvéorémŚ jofêdjn nòvhoéghdnhoo ohddih$ J dyx`joci êooj|k}#


J @K#Gkq n éuvÿoé nwŚo }jw}k} } hoŚjmêu} Ph wdhw Bwi}v éu Uh ghu}yé d Nj}joid

oyjckd }ògg cid} né}uvêvjdrh}}hn wéuv}$ Jv êo}joêdku iuch#wh}hn chooh}} nihcho} }écjnéd}uvhwh|ho} jv IWX êo}jo oé}whak#vk}} hohn}wkdinxu jmj}}krêggã#}êui |wk`wjc/ j ]IW H\M ajuvdê#oj}j$ Hddhn jv hofêwêudjn j ajuv#dêoj}j whdmnãrÿo bkd}ku ohah}jvkndjn/ jnin aêwkc nkwêggiBÊN }j`êoojc/ Kwkuvkwuvê`/ jNjvja Nòv}êwujuê` éu Ghokwxuv#uvij }hwÿoh}éd bxrjwkvdjn$ Hvj aêwkc kwuvê` x`yjdiu rêc#xdiõ} akvk}} oé}wh/ u jwwõo iu aj#}êwkv}jn/ ak`y }hwÿoh}ÿnòd jdhcvh}nòvi bxrjwkvêuwj rkdj}#nkvõjd éoh}gh oé|}h}in jv Hxwõ#|ji Xdiõgjd jonjocjvk}} rêc#hofêwêuknj}$ U ö`y mòd}ò}}hn/ak`y jv IWX êo}jo nibhfohuv}h}}]IW H\M whdmuvhw} rhvh}in gh$ Jvhofêwêuujo nj|eukoj}ku yjnkwoj#}i }xmdirjoõnnjo @jivhw ]jcêu/ jWé`hdu Idbkwcj}inji Vw}$ ÿvoh}ê`rhvh}Śfh iuchw}h}}h ch` j ajoo#`j}õuê`k}$ J ]IW#bxrjwkvêuujonj|eukoj}ku idbkwcêeiõnwõo Uvi#wêni Vko}êd rêcuvjncji }jdêeu#jmõ }jw}k}} }êfénkv}j}êu}$

& J Cj`yjw Nòvö }i Bxrjwkvõn

H`yhuÿoh}h oj|vêw}êdn x}êd/

cêfxu 72#êd }jw}k}}j Kwuvê#

`ku Nÿomò}}nòv`yźoéué}/ u

hnnkw nhwÿo} ukw jv h`yciooiõ

niokcé}hw} gjohuh}chd}huhd

rhvh}h}} `é|nkeuirhvh}Śn IWX

jwjdyfhorédy ni}ÿd}h}éuéwh iu$

Jv huhcédywŚo nòrh}nhvŚ uvê#

cxdngjd nòvoÿdn wéuvoh}hu }x#

mõuã}êu}$

Jv òuuvhêooã}êu} néuvã}h}}h6

Wkfnõ Föoij

@jivhw ]jcêu !bhd}) éu Uviwêni

Vko}êd j ]IW#kncêdy} ajuvdêoõ

bxrjwkvõn }krêggné|véuéd

}jw}k}} hoŚjmêu}



rivu`êoj} }êw`yê} né|hv#}h }ògg rjuö}rkdjo/ nòv#

}ÿn j nkwêggi érhnghd uvÿdh#}ho}h}h}}/ cjfm öfwjdyi}k}} rju#ö}rkdjojn chdh}whdmfh iu/ rj#ojcid} déaêdy dj`y bkw`jocö/ fõ uvãdrkdjoö rjuö}rkdjojn njo|êwaxvjckujd nòvohnhmŚ jx#}õgxuvfêwj}$ Jv x}juuvêcoêoêuijmj}kn joj|fêd j rjuö}i chdh}#whdmgŚo cid}h`y =<< niajuvdê#oj}ojd fêwj} nhwÿo} }òwoéuwh/ hvêo#}jo fhohd}Śu uvêcö/ `jvmjuê`k#ujd ÿvhcho}h}ah}Ś nòddyź ck#}kwrkdj} uvjgjmxo} bho/ éu rêo}ê}euk|kw}kuã}aj}õrê koyjd rk#djojnwj/ jako dj`y bk`yjuv}ê#uö/ dhaév mãvhockvmkdykn êo}jorkdj}k}} uvhwhorédyhnh} }xmdjn nirêo}jdi$J rjuö}i nòvohnhméughd ghrhvh#}h}} cõmkuã}êuknnjo òuuvajd`#gjd rêo}kvk}} j RKOÊD }êwujuê#`kn chdh}whdmfh iu$ H`ywéuv} j fõ uvãdrkdjoö/ fhoohcvŚhd ÿ}h#chu rjuö}i Id}hwEi}y nòvohnh#

méuuho niuvko`êo} }êrkouêì ri#uvkdyoj}kngjd euònnhd}/ rj`ychùvźd} jv jx}õgxuv#nòvoh#nhméu/ cêuwéuv} j niuhgg bkw`jo#cö rjuö}rkdjojnkd oheuònnhdŚnãdêoj} i`édy uvhwid}i |õ}oêuêdjn eéofêgõo gŚrÿo} jv jx}õgxuv#ch#dh}whdm$

@yŚw/ Ciunkoe/Dyãwh`yaêvj éu Uvh`hm Jv jx}õgxuv#nòvohnhméughd joh`dj`ykgg akwmhwhfź rêo}kvêu}j Gxmj|hu}―@yŚw―Uk|wkd rkdjo fêwj}jidjn chùvźdéuh fhohd}h}#}h$ Jv C:#hu jx}õ|êoyj honéuvÿo#}h x}êd hvhd jv ö}rkdjokd joj#nã}k}}j ni ajvêdngjd hoŚuvòw jvÿ}hchu }êrkouêì hq|whuuvfêwj}inòvohnhméu} j RKOÊDGXUV éu jNiujobòom Rkoêd$ J rkdjo j 9<#huérhn ré`éd éw}h ho nãdêoj}êdjn euöeu|kd}fê}/ hnnkw dj|i :8 fê#wj}|êw nòvohnhmh}} @yŚw éu j bŚ#rêwku nòvò}}/ cidmné} rêwkugõoh`éuv õwjnkw idmxorj$ Givkdyku

fêwj}kn }krêggnòvohnhm}hn Eukw#dj/ Nj|xrêw/ Uk|wkd/ Ghohm/ Ck#ukdcj`yjwõrêw éu \kvukdy bhoé$J |êwaxvjcku Gxmj|hu}―Ah#`yhuajokc rjuö}rkdjo bhfohuv#}éuh wéréd j rkdj}kn chdh}imh# fh euònnhd}/ n ãdêoj}j éu cidŚué#`h |hmi` fjrxo}/ hv} j Rkoêd }êw#ujuê`kn bknkvj}kujd ohnòrh}#}én j fêwj}nãdêoj} i`jvã}êuêrjo$7<<0 jx`xuv}xuêgjd }òw}éd} jvhouŚ fhohd}Śu euònnhd}éu/ j ch#dh}whdm õwêuwõo né}õwêu ÿ}hcź#wh wi}nxo}/ hv} eujn déaêdy ÿ}h#chd bhoÿoi fêwj} uźwã}h}}h$ Jv ê}#uvhwrhvéuuho h`y imŚghd j Niu#jobòom Rkoêd ohckdmk}} j fêwj#}kn @yŚwòd }öoi nòvohnhméuéwŚo/j RKOÊDGXUV riuvkd} cidmhdch`cjwjm} fêwj}ê} akuuvjgguvjnjuvkd ÿvhcho}h}}h6 dj|i7 fêwj} idmxo} Uk|wkdi` éu h`yEukwdêi`/ iooh}rh \kvukdyi`$ Jnãdêoj} néuŚgg bknkvj}kujd }k#rêgg euònnhd}/ hoŚgg h`y cxd#njdj|ku fêwj}|êw nhwÿo} aé}bŚ}Śoeuÿ}òw}òni` ohckdmêuwj/ cjfmj niu imŚwh Wjfnêi` wòrimÿoŚ |k#vukdyi fêwj} uvźd} ch` }hofhuhd$7<:7 cêfxuêwj j nãdêoj} : dj#|kd}j nòvohnhmŚ fêwj}|êwwj/ éu= |éd}hn―rjuêwdj|i bkwmxoõwjuvźnÿo}/ hvhd bhoÿo eujn j RJUIRKOÊD ah}i h`yuvhwi gÿni bÿwmŚ# fêwj}êrjo ohah} x}jvdi Gxmj|hu}éu @yŚw nòvò}}$ Cirho j RKOÊD#GXUV Uk|wkdgõo Gxmj|hu}wh id#mxoõ fêwj}j cidmné} iwêdygjd fh#ohd}Śu airj}êubkw`jocj} ré`vh}}Uk|wkd―@yŚw nòvò}}/ j NiujobòomRkoêd hgghd j whoêeiõgjd hv} jbhojmj}k} ê}rh}}h$Eujn aõdj|kn rêojuv}k}}ên ho jUVJGKOEU RKOÊD Dyãwh`yaê#vj―Gxmj|hu}/ éu j RJUI RKOÊDUvkcgj}ahoy―Gxmj|hu} nòvò}}idj|i whdmuvhwhuué`ź hq|whuuv#

fêwj}|êwfê} j}}õo/ ak`y gh}òo}uh:1$ éoh}éré}/ ajukdoõjd j Gxmj#|hu}―Ciunkoe nòvò}}i jx}õgxuv#nòvohnhméuahv/ choy rjojaj dj#|kd}j giv}kuã}k}} rko}/ uŚ}/ givk#dyku imŚuvjnkngjd h`éuvhd Uê#}kwjofjöfahoyi` rj`y Uiõbkni` éw}/jv x}õggi érhnghd jvkdgjd cêweujn aé}ré`éd oé}hvh}}$ J ch`#uvźd} }êrkouêì jx}õgxuvfêwj#}kn nòvÿo oh`bij}jojggjn j ]IUVJRKOÊD Gxmj|hu}―Uvh`hm nò#vò}}i `ykwufêwj}ji rko}jn/ choyhn h`y wéuvh eujn j aé}réì ajvj#x}jvêukn nãrêd}j nj|jei}êuuvÿn#uéòh}hn cij}} cjwjm} ch` joh`hwŚuhgg bkw`jocö dj|knkd$

ß}hchu chdh}whdm Õvm bhoéJ rjuö}}jo |êwaxvjckuuê`k}cx}j}õ }êrkouêì jx}õgxuvfêwj#}kn ohêooã}êuêrjo h`y imŚghd }òw#}éd} ch` j Gxmj|hu}―Gê}kdy#}hwhdyh―Õvm jx}õgxuvrkdjo öf/ÿ}hchu chdh}whdmfédhn ghrh#vh}éuh iu$ J 1<#ju éu 9<#hu érhn#ghd whdmnãrÿo midjcinxu bhf#oŚméu} cx}j}õ jx}õgxuvrkdjoDõ`wêm éu Gkwukm#Jgjöf#Vhc|#oéd ch`yh aê}wêdyku ahoyvh#}ź/ h`ycêuujo uvkcuvémku }h#wÿoh}hid ojnõn uvêcêwj giv}kuã}# fj Gxmj|hu} hoéwéué}/ rj`y jnêwj dj|i id`êvêuujo h`yÿ}} fêwõcxdnjrêoojoêu} j bŚrêwkugjd$J rkdjokd nòvohnhmŚ fõurjbŚi fêwj} jv J``}hohi Dhcvh}i \jwn hoéwah}Śué`é} iu ohah}Śré }huvinòvrh}ohdÿo Gxmj|hu}wŚo$J rkdjokd jv x}õggi érhnghd fhohd}Śuhd oheuònnhd} jv x}jvê#ui i`édy/ jv jx}õgxuvkn fhoohc#vŚhd :<#7< x}juujo nòvohnhm}hn$Jv öf/ uvźnã}h}} nãdêoj}ö/ éu nix`#wõjd huvnòv}jnjwénku chdh}#whdmi u}wxn}öwj né}õwêu joj|ÿ}h#ch} }jw}jocjv/ choyh} déaêdy

NÒVOHNHMÉU]XMKCÊDYI ID]ÉVH] WKRJ]J


J

N]I ▿ ]xmkcêdy j `yjnkwoj}gjd

FHOHD]ŜU ÉRNÒVI

CHDH]WHDMIRÊO]KVÊUKNÊeu Gjoêvu }jdxocêdyj

J Uvéoo Nêocêd ]hwrghd bkòjo}jn }hofhuã}éuh éwmhnéghdj ahoynòvi uvhcéoyuvêooã}êui nòvuvko`êo}j}êukn ch`whdmhoŚfh/j Dhcvh}i Bhfohuv}éui Cidiuv}éwixc bhoÿorivu`êo}j}}j}ògg rjuö}rkdjo bkw`jocê} iu/ choydhn hwhmcédyhnéd}ê|wioiu :8#}Śo fhohd}Śu rêo}kvêukn oé|}hn éoh}gh cidmj rjuö}i/ cidm jv jx}õgxuv#nòvohnhméughd$ J bkoyjcj}k}j N]I Uvhcéoynòvohnhméui I`jv`j}õuê`j nkkwmidêo}j$

Ê|wioiu}õ o aé}nòvgh d cêw dhc idmã} hq|whuuvfêwj}k} Uvh`hmwŚo Gxmj|hu}wh j ]IUVJ RKOÊD

Jv x}kouõ G xmj|h u}―Eukwdj fê wj} idmxoêu h oŚ}} j dé| oi`h}i jx}õgxuvêookcêukd/ ê|wioiu :=#éd



ak`y niajuvdêoj}ojduê` cij}} jRÉW]HU RKOÊD#dêo chùvźd}j ]j}jgêdyj―Nheunhcé} nòvò}#}i rkdjo/ imhéw}rh jv j`êwmi gh#}é}fêwj}knj} iu/ rjojcid} j ]j}j#gêdyj―Rhuv|wéc nòvò}}i h`yh#}hci eéofêwj} iu eujn |éd}hnhdéu rjuêwdj| nòvohnhmin/ oédyh#`huhd cõmkuã}k}} chdh}whdmuvhwid}$Nkwoê}kvêuwj nhwÿo} h`y ]j}jgê#dyj―Gxmj|hu} riuvkdyoj}ö fê#wj}|êw iu$ J GÊEU RKOÊD rjuêw#dj|kdnéd} néuŚgg/ j miênbkw`j#okcdjn fkggjd ch`bhohoŚ méo#x}êdi imŚbhnréughd nòvohnhm#}h}i Généueujgj―\éeu riuvkdy#oj}ö fêwj}ê}/ Uvh`hmwŚo Gjfêd ê}Nj|kurêwwj :565<#nkw cidmhddj| idmxo `ykwufêwj} j \JDDKD/iooh}rh j ]IUVJ RKOÊD êo}jo nòv#ohnhm}h}rh$Ê|wioiu bkoyjcêd }krêgg fjrxo}j nheunhcé}i Chwehmhu `yêw ho#éwah}Śué`h iu/ j nòwdyén uvid}hcidmhd }hoh|ÿoéuéwŚo chdh}#whdm uvhwid}i fêwj}knnjo ch`ko#mk}} j cxdnêgj fêwêu jv jx}õ#i|jwi ÿvhcgh$

euöeuimhi fêwj} h`éuvã} ni jv x}j#vêui êwjcoj}kndjn ch`bhohoŚ#hd$ J fêwj}kn i`jvkmdjn j airj#}êubkw`joci i`édyhnahv/ éu fõaêoõvj}i euj}ojnkvêui ohah}Śué#`hnh} giv}kuã}jdjn Õvmkd j }k#rêggx}jvõn uvêcêwj$ Gxmj|hu}#wŚo 065<#}õo :965<#i` né}õwêdnéd}idmxodjn jx}õgxuvkn/ rjojcid}:=65< éu :265< õwjnkw/ éu ch`#cjwjm} h`y õvmi fêwj}|êw H`hwrêwkuêd nhwhuv}ÿo iu j nkwêg#gi nh}}Ś ahoyh}}$ Rjuêwdj| hu}hh`y néuhi fêwj} wéréd j aé}ré#`éd k}}akd/ rj`y niwêdmxoêuujo}òo}ò}} imŚ õwênnjo chàkuuvjg#gã}aj}õrê rêo}$Jv õvmi rkdjokd bhouvjgjmxo}huvnòvòn éu ch`}jnjwã}k}} ni#okcé}hw#}hofhuã}cédy h`y wéuvhcêu rkdjojnwj nhwÿo}/ iooh}rhnhwÿo ê}euk|kw}kuã}êuwj/ hddhn fh`yéghd wé`õ}j }hwrhvh}} bhf#ohuv}éuhn rjoõuxoaj}djn ch`$NihchohdmŚ hvhn nòvÿo j Gxmj#|hu}―\xuv}jvêckw riuvkdyoj}#gjd jv C0 jx}õ|êoyêd nòvohnh#mŚ 1 |êw `ykwufêwj}/ j ]õjocêu―@òmòooŚ nòvò}}i hofx}êui ohah}Ś#ué` ch`}hwhc}éuh/ iooh}rh j Gx#mj|hu}―Nj|kurêw nòvò}}i nãdê#oj}bhfohuv}éu$

Rkdj}|õ}oõ bhojmj}kn

Jv joj|rh}Ś airj}êubkw`jocix}jvêui i`édyhn rjuö}i nãdêoj}#uvźnã}éu hoohdéwh }òw}édŚ nãdêoj#}êdjn bhdd}jw}êuj/ j nòvohnhmé#ui whdmuvhw id}h`wi}êuêdjn bhdd#cjwjmêuj/ bhfoŚméuh éwmhnéghduvid}h rjojchddyi Rkoêd }êwuj#uê` cõmkuã}k}} j chdh}whdm# féd$ Gjojuuj`yjwcj} nòwdyénédj DÕ@WÊM RKOÊD éu j RKOÊD#GXUV j N]I UvhcéoynòvohnhméuiI`jv`j}õuê` uvjncji iwêdyã}êuê#rjo nòvòuhd }jnjwénku éu òuuvh#

ajd`ko} bhfohuv}éuhn ghrhvh}é#uérho fjrã}k}}j j }éwué` hoéwah#}Śué`é}/ j }éwué` nòvohnhméui`hwideé} fhohd}Ś Gxmj|hu}―Wé}#uê`―Uvéeuédy―Ujo`õ}jwfêd jx#}õgxuvrkdjoakv euj}ojnkvrj/hvêo}jo givkdyku whoêeiõngjdjnêw : õwêrjo iu euònnhd}rh jvhofx}êui imŚnh}$ J Aj}rjd―Ujo#`õ}jwfêd nòvò}}i }òwoéuwh nhwÿo}rkdj}knj} wéuvghd rj`y h`éuv#ghd j AJ]RJDI RKOÊD/ @yòd#`yòu―Rêcku`yòwn―Fêuvj|ê}irkdjokd |hmi` j CÊ]WJ RKOÊD fêwj}ji |õ}kofên$ Uviorêurêwjm ho#éwah}Śué`é} fjrã}fj jv J@WIJRKOÊD fêwj}#òuuvhnj|eukoêujGxmj|hu}―Dj`yriudyõ riuvkdy#oj}gjd$ J GKWUKM RKOÊD Õvm―Njvidegjweinj/ j UVJGKOEURKOÊD Dyãwh`yaêvj―Cê}éuvjo#nj nòvò}} ré`hv rjuö}i uvko`êo#}j}êu} |õ}oõ bhojmj}k}/ j FÊUV#NXD RKOÊD Fêuvj|ê}i/ Njwej`éu Niuöfuvêooêu nòwdyénéd gŚrã#}h}}h h eéogõo j uvko`êo}j}êu}$ JNÒWÒU éu ]IUVJ RKOÊD h`yÿ}}#cźnòmrh uvko`êofj ni j Uvhd}hu―Kwkuaêvj rjuö}rkdjo chooh}}i}hoh|ÿoéuhnh}/ j uvhd}hui rjuö}#êookcêu} iu éwid}rh$J Mxdêd}öokd j @HCHDERKOÊD j Uvhnuvêwm―Bêeêd#nhw} nòvò}}i hofx}êui ohah}Śué#`hnh} fjrã}fj/ rjojcid} |éd}h#nhd h`y Gxmj|hu}―Gkdyaêmnòvò}}i chd}huã}Ś fêwj}k} Nkc#oõi` chàkuuvjggã}rj nòvoh#nhm}h} !j fêwj} rjuêwdj|i |êwfê}j RKOÊDGXUV ré`vi)$ J NJ\KURKOÊD Chwdyh―Nj|kurêw nò#vò}} giv}kuã}fj j méox}êdi cź#uvjnwj rjoõ hofx}êui ohah}Śué`h}/j Vjoj Rkoêd @x}kwbòomh éu Euò#còméw }éwué`éghd déaêdy fêwj}chàkuuvjggã}êuêrjo giv}kuã}# fj j rjuö} êo}jo ni dhc uvko`êo}

i`édyhn nihoé`ã}éué}/ \jeuêd|hmi` euj}ojnkvêuknj} giv}kuã}BhouŚwjfn éu Vjojh`hwuvh` nò#vò}}$ J RJUI RKOÊD VjojoòrŚdj chùvźd} rkdj} ahoyh}} jx}õ#gxuv}õo giv}kuã} euj}ojnkvêu} jvŜwué` bhoé/ j RÉW]HU RKOÊD ]j#}jgêdyj―Kwkuvoêdy riuvkdyoj}#gjd jv x}kouõ fêwj} néuŚggi idmã#}êuêrjo |õ}kofj j nihuŚ rkdj}k}$Jv JOGJ éu j RÉW]HU RKOÊD öfchdh}whdmfh j Uvénhubhaéwrêwrjuö}êookcêu―Nkcêwkc rkdj#okd j fêwj}kn fhohd}Śu hockvmã#}êuj wéréd j euhnéoy x}jubkw`j#okc êo}jo i`édyho} imŚuvjnkngjd}krêggwj iu giv}kuã}fj jv hofx}êuiohah}Śué`hnh} j }éwué`ghd$J cõmkuã}êukn hwhmcédyhnéd}cid}h`y 7<< fêwj} cõmkuxo}/ éugêw }ògg öf rkdj}|õ}oõ bxdneiõ# fö fêwj} idmxo}/ òuuvhuué`éghd jRkoêd }êwujuê`kn }hofhuã}cédyhéu huvnòvi`édyh ― j rjuö}éakvajukdoõjd ― euònnhd}$

H`yég cõmkuã}êukn

J dj`ykgg }êrkouê`ö fêwj}kn cõmkuã}êuji nòvÿo nihchohdmŚ/


NÒVOHNHMÉU]XMKCÊDYI ID]ÉVH] WKRJ]J

Cêfxu}õo `yjnkwigg rhdmé`hn j RKOÊDGXUV#ku fêwcźrhn Nj|kurêwkd

Gxmj|hu}―Õvm nòvò}} j GKWUKM RKOÊD éu j RKOÊDGXUV nòvòuhdgiv}kuã}fj jv ÿ}hchu chdh}whdmh}

Ê|wioiu}õ o cidmhd dj| i dmxo :565<#nkw Uvh`hmwŚo Nj|kurêwwj jx}õgxuvfêwj}/ gjfji |iahdŚrho



`y wken#nkdehw}ahv aj#ukdoõ uakpcźukw rko} j

ghrhvh}Śfh j \jeejw euk|kw}oh`öfjgg njcikdfêdjn/ j Nhd#pkw}a ] 21<#djn j airj}jokughcx}j}õfêd$ Bÿu}nòmgŚo göf}hoŚ né} euiook`õuêw`êwj bhu}h}}] 21<#ju njcikd/ h`y aêoõ# éuh`y wòrimbÿonéu rêo}kvj}gjd$ Jnòm hoÿo}h x}êd j eé` né|riuhoŚ# fh wéuvoh}huhd ghcx}j} }j j nj#cikd aêoõbÿonéu rêo}kvj}ê}/ iooh}#rh jv hwwh jv jonjokcwj néuvÿo}

mhck bÿoné}/ jci} j rhvh}Śÿoéucò`ò}} nidyi}k}}jn cid} h`ynòdyrh}$ Ã`y cidmhd oê}k`j}õnédyhochuhd ch` }xm}j dévdijdéonÿo/ ak`y h`y oé|euŚwh rj`ymkgk`õwj nhooh}} rkodj oé|dih$Oêuuxn jv öfmkduê`knj}6 j airj#}joku iuchw}h}Ś uvhwid} fhohdoh`hv j eé` oh`êwjcrkdjojujgg }ã#|xuj éu hv ch` iu oê}uvin$ J }hw#rhvéuégh ghrkd}jn dj`ykd ukn uvjncjghoi}/ 08 cźuvjni miuv|é#euhw} éu jci j oh`bkd}kujgg6 18<

njcikdku ré#ohcédyé} éu fj#

rjuoj}ê} néw}én nij }hwrhvéunkw* É|ã}h}}hn

h`y koyjd bÿoné} jcidhn cidmhdhohch ckv`j}aj}õ rko}/ éu cid#mhdni hockdmaj}}j ci} éu ak#`yjd uvhwh}dh wjf}j rêo}kv}j}di$J }hwrhvéu joj}} j fhouvõ réì` hvrko}6 ojndi/ mko`kvdi/ rhvh}di/ hv}nhooh}} uvhc hoŚ}} }jw}jdi/ hddhn j nx}j}êudjn j `yÿcòoeuh jv öfnjcikd$ J cźuvhwbjo}õo j aê#oõbÿonéi` cidmhd} hvhndhn jvhcghwhndhn j fjrjuoj}ji joj|# fêd jojnã}k}}jn ni$ Nhvmrh j nÿo#uhférho6 dideu niêooõ wéuv/ jci vj#rjwdê j oé`êwjcoêu}/ j ahoyvh}# fhovŚ oêc|ên}õo jv jf}õvêwjnkdê} j bédyuvõwõni` cidmhd h`yêwjcrkdjoju h`yué`h} né|hv$ Jnjwkuuvéwijhohchnh} ö`y jojnã#}k}}ên ni/ ak`y uvÿnué` huh}édnòddyhd euhwéoah}Śhn/ j ck}kwuvhwrivhoéunkw nòddyhd akvvê#béwah}Ś/ `ykwujggjd fjrã}aj#}õ$ Hvhn jv j|wõuê`kn jv érhn ukwêd òuuvhjmõmrj }ògg uvêvõwê} fhohd}hdhn jv ö}kd ― j cź#ahoy ahoyh}}$ Hddhn hvéw} iu dj`yj fhohd}Śué`h/ chw} j Nhdpkw}auvhwid} hv} j njcikd} ö`y }hw#rhv}én/ ak`y :/8 ciooiõ céw#

Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 ▿ Njohimkuvnõ|21

H

:―7$ J oh`êwjcrkdjojujgg

Nhdpkw}a ― ] 21<

Bk}õn6 ]wxen\w chmij whukxwehu

Ni}hnid}éu

NHDPKW]A ] 21<J ]wjduJc aÿ}Śu eé` Njdujugõo cêw ohjmk}} h`y whdmhoéu}

:<<< mg öf ] 21<#wj

Cêweixu 77#éd whdmhv}én j Cim#Jchwiej ]wxen Uakp#}

Nhd}xenygjd$ Hwwh j fhohd}Śu whdmhvrédywh imŚvã}i ukn `yêw}õ

jv öf }hwcénhn ghcx}j}õfê}/ chw} hv jv h`yin ohàãwhuhggéu ohòê}k`j}k}}jgg huhcédy j njcikdku |ijekd$

Jc hwin j h y i

j vi e u øw ò ug øo

G jo k à F êd k u

!@i k r jddi )

}x m õ uã } ê u j

7

:

bòomh} !7/= ciooiõ nc) ch` }xm# fkd }hddi bhoöfã}êu déonÿo$ H`ywh}ògg j dŚi njcikdku Jchwinê#gjd/ jv Ś nhmrÿnéw} nj|k}} oh#rh`Ś#wêuh`ã}éu} j nx||oxd`/hmmi` hv dhc rko} fhoohcvŚ jvi}}hdi njcikdknwj$ J uvéorémŚéu jv komjojgojnkn òuuvbhoÿoh#}h 8<(#jo dŚ}}/ fhohd}Śuhd fjrã}#rj j nioê}êu}$ Uvjnã}k}}jn j uk#bŚw} nòwÿoòohoŚ cźuvhwbjoojo iu/jv öf nhréugé ãrho}/ j wi}nêggjdajuvdêo} nj|eukoõn }êrkojgg#wj nhwÿo}hn$ Ghé|ã}h}}hn riuvkd}h`y Djr\oxu dhrź/ j Nhdpkw}aêo}jo nibhfohuv}h}} néuvÿoénh}/jci cj`êgjd bkòjofj j djri`ê#eiõ}/ wêmiõ}/ mij`dkuv}inê}/ }hoh#bkd}/ cidmhd}/ jci ch`nòddyã}#ah}i h`y njcikdku éoh}é}$ Wò`#}òd jv ÿoéugŚo bhoêoorj hoh`hdmŚj cj`juuê` h`y :9< ec#hu uk#bŚwdhn iu/ j aêoõbÿonégh }jw}rj jné} ÿoéu nòvò}} iu 2< ec j ahoy$J fkgg komjoi ÿoéu bkw`j}aj}õ/hvéw} jv juv}jo} bkw`j}aj}õwj joj#nã}k}}ên ni/ ak`y j aêoõbÿonégŚoéu jv ÿoéugŚo iu nédyhochuhd ho#éwah}Ś oh`yhd/ bòoò}}h h`y cid#mhd iwêdygjd bkw`j}aj}õ OEM]R nj|k}} ahoyh}$ Cidmhd ghouŚoêc|j OHM/ eujn j }òwhméné} bk#`yjuv}fj j aj`ykcêdyku é`Śn#dhn/ j aź}Śuvhnwédy iu rêo}kvk}}/jv h`éuv h`y niaövaj}õ h`yué`/



oêc/ ak`y j Nhdpkw}a h`y wéì

rêuêwoõfj/ j ]wjduJc aÿ}Śu eé`

Njdujugõo cêw ohjmk}} h`y whd#

mhoéu} :<<< mg öf ] 21<#wj$

Gjokà Fêdku éu Cj`mi

cidmhd komjowõo akvvêbéwah}Ś

éu cj`jujggjd é|ã}h}}én gh/

ã`y dhc nhoo ohajfkodi/ aj ni jnj#

wxdn rhddi ghoŚoh rjojci}$ K|eiõ

j cinwõ/ mh j ahoyé} nijojnã}k}#

}ên h`y uvhnwédy bhouŚ wéuvéd$

J aêoõbÿonh ghoÿowŚo hd`hc id#

nêgg hcoénhv}h} h`y i`édyhuhd

nijojnã}k}} ojnõjx}õwj cid} h`y

njcikdwj/ gŚrhd rjd ahoy cid#

mhddhn/ ukn uvhnwédy/ |koe éu

h`y dj`y ê`y uvko`êofj j ukbŚw

nédyhocé}$ Jcinkw ê`ygj nh#

wÿo} dyx`km}jd |iahdah}/ chw}

j bÿonh koyjd uvi`h}hoéu} nj|k}}/

jci 28(#jo euònnhd}h}}h j vjf} j

nkwêggi ckmhoohnahv né|hu}$

]hwcéuvh}huhd j eé` ujfê} =18

okrju \jeejw#ck}kwfêrjo jfêdofj

jv öf njcikd}/ mh néuŚgg }ògg#

béoh ck}kwwjo iu whdmhoah}Ś ohuv$

nhmŚ} oê}k`j}djn ch`$ J |õ}nk#

eui |ioojdj}kn joj}} ê}jojnxo h`y

id}hwjn}ãr ghcx}j}õ}hwhccé/

jako jv öf njcikdwõo cidmhd

ch`}xmaj}õ$ Hddéo iu fkgg whn#

Njohimkuvnõ| ▿ Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 29

Cjdj|uê` cêw j fõ gkwdjn iu nhoo

j eé`éw/ hvéw} cêfxugjd h`y öf ]

21<#ju idmxo h`y Wkjm Uakp#wj/

h`y :2/8 cé}hwhu |õ}}jo/ Jchwi#

nêgjd éu Njdjmêgjd :<< nhwhu#

:

7

=

:―7$ J nédyhochu/ cidmhd

nkcbkw}}jo bhouvhwho} aêoõbÿonh

5$ J Nhdpkw}a hmmi` iu ö}}òwŚ

rko} jv êwjcrkdjoju bÿonénnho/

j ] 7<<< rko} jv houŚ

=$ J ] 22< cé` cidmi` uinhwhu

j |ijekd

Bk}õn6 :―7$ ]wxen\w chmij whukxwehu

5



kggê`y Ênku euj|j}bŚdòn ghrhvh}éuné|| hockdm}j/

—Mjnjw#éwvéuh– rjd/ j Mjnjw#wj#oinkd uvhdrhm}hn j euj|j}}j`kn ioyhd nwõdinxu jorêuaiêdygjd/cid} cku}$J dj`ykd fõ aãw6 jv CJD `yêwi}êck`j}êuêdjn nòuvòdah}Ś#hd oé}whfò}} Nòvé|#Hxwõ|j oh`#dj`ykgg CJD rhwuhdyeuj|j#}j$ H`yuvhwwh 5/ eujrjwwj jvk#dku rhwuhdynjcikd nòwòv cjfmj rhwuhdyhnhd/ j |ioõ}jbÿonéghdj euha Bwjd}iuhn Rkf}iuhnnho/ jvkwkuv Johqjdmhw Orkrrjo éu jcj`yjw Niuu Dkwghw}}ho$J cxdnêoj}knj} hoé``é ohoju#uã}k}}j/ ak`y déaêdy jonj}wéuvdhc éwnhvh}} ch` imŚghd/ éueujn }h}év}h j |wkgoécênj}/

ak`y jv h`yin/ jonj}wéuvhnh}uvêooã}õ fêwcź gjohuh}h} uvhd#rhmh}}/ }k}êonêwku oh}}/ déaêdyu|heiêoiu jonj}wéuv chùéwÿo}$Jv CJD ioyhd uvid}ź }êck`j}ê#uj õwiêui }headinji hoŚwhoé|éu/jv hmmiì rhwuhdyérjmkn nòvÿoj oh`dj`ykgg niaãrêu} iu fhohd}ih`yghd$ Jv CJD —J– ck}kwfêdêocêw dideu bhofhgg/ j rhwuhdynj#cikdkngjd oérŚ }òggi —J– ck#}kwakv né|hu} dideu nÿoòdgué`/jci jv} iu fhohd}i/ x`yjdjvknnjojv —jmk}}uê`knnjo– êoodjn wjf}#akv j euj|j}}j`kn/ cid} j }jrj#oyi gjfdkni eãch} hoaõmã}õ rhw#uhdyvŚ$J euj|j}bŚdòn jv} iu ch`fh#`yhv}h/ òwrhdmh}hu jv j uvjgêoy/ak`y dhc }éwah}dhn ho cidmhd

}hnid}h}ghd juvéwijnjcikd}õo/aiuvhd jnnkw h`yrhwuhdynjcikdmwê`êgg ohddhh`y Bkwcj―:#hu

jx}õdêo iu$ Fõ déaêdyuvéwijjonj}wéuv cjwjmcé` j rhwuhdyvŚ njci#kdkngjd/ hddhn hoŚdyhjv iu/ ak`y dhc aövõmin }öouê#`kujd uvé} j chvŚdy$7<::#ghd == rhwuhdyhd idmxo}jv Kqqk euj|j} !h`y aé}ré`éddé`y rhwuhdy rjd)/ cźuvjniaigj cij}} ukaj dhc nhooh}} ni#êoodi/ bhojmdi j rhwuhdy}$ ß}nò#véugŚo/ gjohuh}gŚo jnjm} gŚrhd/mh jv CJD#}Śo hwhmŚ cźuvjniaigj dhc bkwmxo} hoŚ*Gjnõ Eujgj/ j euj|j} rhwuhdy#céwdònh jwwõo }êfénkv}j}k}}/ak`y jv imhi jv houŚ jonjokc/jcinkw j }hwrhvéuahv jv hoh# fé}Śo j ré`éi` uvêcã}õ`é| h}ajuvdêo}jn/ jcidhn h`yin dj`yhoŚdyh jv koeuõuê`j$ J uvêcã#}õ`é|hu uvicxoêeiõrjo j rêvhoh#

chn/ j bx}õcźhohchn bhofjrã}ê#uj uknnjo aj}énkdyjgg$ J `é|jvkdgjd dhc |õ}kofj jv hc#ghw}/ Niuu Dkwghw} riuuvjfhové#uhi déonÿoòvah}h}ohdhn$ J rhw#uhdyvŚ/ nkdu}wxn}Św !Émhw J}}i#oj) éu rhwuhdycéwdòn aêwcjuê#djn h`yÿ}}cźnòméuégŚo mhwÿoni/ ci jv/ jci ch`rjoõuã}aj}õ/niri}hohvah}Ś j chwéuv honé|vh#oéuhngŚo$J euj|j} wjdìmŚu rhwuhdyvŚ# fh 78 ér }j|juv }joj}êrjo Bwjd#nih Rkf}iuhn$ Jnidhn cé` cõmfjrko} j Axd`jwkwid`hd njcikd#rhwuhdy} réììv`xodi/ :910#ghdoê}}j hoŚuvòw j euha |ioõ}ê}/ jnih`yégnéd} j }hwh|rhwuhdyhn#

Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 ▿ Njohimkuvnõ|0<

F

Njcikdu|kw}

—J– CK]KWKU CJD#HNNHOJ @YŜVHOHCÉW]Bwjdnih Kqqk ]wxen Wjeid` ]hjc ▿ Nòvé|#Hxwõ|j

oh`dj`ykgg CJD rhwuhdyeuj|j}j

Jv öf rhwuhdyeuj|j}k} ghcx}j}õ ujf}õ}êfénkv}j}õd éoŚghd cé` dhcoê}aj}}xn j bk}õnwõo hoé` bx}xwiuv}inxudjn }źdŚ rhwuhdynjcikd}/

mh phgnjchwj nòvwhcźnòméuérho gh|ioojd}aj}}xdn

j euhakwuvêì cźahoygh/ jako oê}aj}õjd oêvju cxdnj bkoy}$

Jv imhi érjm}õ o Bwjdnih Kqqk ]wxen Wjeid`]hjc dérhd rhwuhdyhv aêwkc }hofhuhdh`ybkwcj CJD njcikd$ Fkggê`y Ênku/jv Kqqk Wjeid` euj|j}bŚdònh éu NiuuDkwghw}/ jv CJD rhwuhdy|ioõ}j

Bjmhwo Whidajwm !CJD Njcikd

éu Gxuv Nhwhunhmhoci Nb}$)

éu Fkggê`y Ênku!Kqqk Wjeid`)

Jv CJD Njcikd éu Gx uv Nhwhunhmhoci Nb }$ éu jv Kqqk euj |j} nòvòu ujf}õ}êfénkv}j}õ} }jw}k}}

Dkrhcghwghd cé` }êw`yjoêukn bkoy}jn jv CJD#dho$ Jcinkw homŚo}/

j 7<:7#hu rhwuhdyérjmgjd —J– ck}kwkunjcikddjo idmxoaj}djn j euj|j}}j`kn/oêvju cxdnj nhvmŚmò}} j oh`hq}wéchgg

njcikd é|ã}éuéwh/ jchoydhn cźuvjni }jw}jocêgjd iu j uvjgêoykn hd`hm}h

aj}êwkni` chddhn ho



ohìv`jocjujgg |ioojdj}kngjdiu éwnhvah}dhn }jdêeukn/ idbkw#cêeiõn Dkwghw} uvêcêwj/ ai#uvhd dhc cidmh`y/ ak`y cid#mhd} ghoh nhoo#h jmdi/ rj`y }jn}i#nxujd hd`hmdi h`y#h`y |kvãeiõch`}jw}êuj éwmhnéghd$― Fkggê`y Ênkuujo hoé` wé`hd/7<<= õ}j iuchwfÿn h`ycêu}/ jci#nkw cé` Bohq Mjnjw ]hjc dérhdrh}}hn wéuv} j Mjnjw#wjoinkd$ Hvjv} iu fhohd}i/ ak`y euj|j}j uvê#cêwj cêw dhc h`y rhwuhdyx}õ}uvêooã}k}} jv CJD ― ckdm}j j ujf#}õ}êfénkv}j}õd Bjmhwo Whidajwm$― Jv h`yÿ}}cźnòméu jv Kqqkeuj|j} éu jv CJD nòvò}} dj`ykdbkd}ku uvêcxdnwj/ cirho h`ycj`yjw euj|j}wõo rjd uvõ/ cj#`yjw |ioõ}êrjo/ fõ hwhmcédyhn#ghd gãvxdn$ J euj|j} aãwhuué }h#ah}i jv kwuvê`k}/ cidmhdné||hdbkd}ku bhojmj} aêwxo wêfxn$ J ck#}kwu|kw} j oh`ch`bhohoŚgg ohah#}Śué` jwwj/ ak`y j fêwcźrhn cź#uvjni jmk}}uê`ji}/ j ch`gãvaj#}õuê`ê} |wõgêwj ohahuuhd }hddi$J rhwuhdy|êoyj nirêoõ fê}én}éw jnÿoòdgòvŚ cźuvjni öfã}êukn ri#uhonhméuédhn ch`bi`yhoéuéwh/}jdxocêdykvêuêwj$ Gÿuvnén rj#`yxdn jwwj/ ak`y jv Kqqk euj|j}CJD#dho rhwuhdyhv/ ukn uinhw} nã#rêdxdn* |$ h$

}Śo uhc wijm} riuuvj/ wéuv} rh}} jMjnjw#wjoid iu$Johqjdmhw Orkr cêw 1 érhuhdrkoêd cò`ò}} ÿo}/ i`jv/ jnnkwcé` eujn `knjw}gjd$ ]ògguvò#wòu kwkuv gjfdkn/ }jrjoy j njci#kdkn Hxwõ|j#gjfdknuê`êd j 9$ahoyhd ré`vh}}$ Émhuj|fj jddjn imhféd uvid}éd j Axd`jwkwid`hduvhwvh}} Njcjvêrjo bhohf}ah}h}#ohd |hwehnh} j dévŚndhn$Niuu Dkwghw} j `ykwujuêì ck#}kwu|kw}gõo uvh`Śmò}} j uvê#`xomõ njcikdkn rioê`êakv$ JWhdjxo} Eoik Nx|j/ j Uhj} OhkdRhwuhdynx|j/ Uxvxni Nx|j•`yŚv}hu joj|kujd chòh|}h jv

Hxwk|hjd ]wxen Wjeid` rhwuhdy#vŚi/ gãwõi êwmêfê}/ j dévŚnh}$ Jv}rjoofj/ cé` dj`ykd uknj} nhoo }j#dxodij/ }j|juv}joj}knj} `yźf}h#dih/ mh dj`y bhfoŚméui ohah}Śué#`h} éwhv cj`êgjd$ ]xmfj/ cé`gŚrhd rjd ci} jv jx}õgõo }jdxo#dij/ aiuvhd dhc h`y nòddyhdnhvhoah}Ś/ uvhoãm fêwcź/ gêw wh#céoi/ jv —J– ck}kwku rhwuhdynj#cikddjn nòddyhgg j rhvh}ah#}Śué`h$ Rhvh}éu}headinjioj` iujnjm ci} `yjnkwkodi/ jwwõo dhciu ghuvéorh/ rhwuhdy}j|juv}joj#}kngjd iu rjd cé` akrj bhfoŚm#di$ J rhwuhdy}êwujn dhc rko}jn i`jvêd }hnid}h}}ho bij}jo nkwêwj/

}j|juv}joj}ojduê`êwj/ i`jv/ h`y#cêu} uhc nãcéoin/ hvéw} |wõgêo}jwwj }òwhnhmdi/ ak`y nicjwjmfkdj euh}h|j}éngõo$ Rjddjn |ioõ}ên/jnin cidmhd gjfgjd ghddh rjd#djn/ éu |hwuvh koyjdkn iu/ jnin u|kw}uvhwźhd rhwuhdyhvdhn/ jv}ckdmfj/ rhoÿn fõnj} ohah} rãrdi$J cj`yjwkn h`yégnéd} cidmi`j bjiw euj}ên aãrhi$Niuu Dkwghw} dj`ykd `ykwu rko}j rhwuhdyhn ukwêd/ jv hwhmcé#dyhi x`wêuuvhwźhd fjrxo}jn$ Uvh#ch} uvöw} hv j BIJ uvjnhcghwh#idhn/ dhc jnjw}ên hoaiddi/ ak`yh`y öfkde/ jni wêjmêuxo —G– ck#}kwku jx}õrjo rhwuhdyhv/ `yŚvdiné|hu j dj`ychdŚn hoŚ}} $ J rhw#uhdy x}êd ch`céw}én jv jx}õcj`juuê`ê}/ jv} whdmghd }joêo#}ên/ ch`céw}én j njcikduöoyê}/déaêdy niok`wjccjo uvjgêoyk#ujd j cidicxc bhoh}} rko}/ ch`#rivu`êo}ên j }xwgõ}/ jv ÿvhc#jdyj`k}/ cidmhd oé}hvŚ nwi}inxu|kd}k}/ mh bêwjmkvêuxn aiêgj#rjoõ rko}/ cidmhd} whdmghd }j#oêo}jn/ ré`ÿo ch`jmõjd `wj}x#oêo}jn j cj`yjw rhwuhdyvŚdhn$J rhwuhdy ukwêd dj`yÿvhcghdch`y j wêmiõvêu$ Cix}êd j euj#|j}bŚdòn éu j rhwuhdyvŚ/ Fkg#gê`y Ênku éu Niuu Dkwghw} }iuv#}êv}ên/ rhwuhdy nòvghd/ cé` j

Njohimkuvnõ| ▿ Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 0:

Òuuvhajukdoã}õ }êgoêvj}

CJD ]@Q:1$=1<

x}eji njcikd

KQQK Wjeid`rhwuhdynjcikd

Bkwcj―:#hurhwuhdyx}õ

Oònh}}éwbk`j} :7 1:2 ec5 :7 1:2 ec5 7=<< ec5

]hofhuã}cédy =1< OH :=8< OH 1<< OH

Bkw`j}õdykcj}én 75<< Dc 2<<< Dc 70< Dc

Uöoy 0<<< n` 88<< n` 2<8 n`

Bk`yjuv}êu t5< o+:<< nc t:<< o+:<< nc t08 o+:<< nc

Ck}kwéoh}}jw}jc : 8<< <<< nc 7<<< nc t:<<< nc

]xwgõdykcêu t:/8 gjw =/7 gjw ―Nhwéndykcêu 1/8―9 gjw :/1―5/8 gjw

Bén}êweuj#éoh}}jw}jc 5<< <<< nc 7<< nc !: dj|)

Bén}êweujaŚbkn cjq$ 5<< ¼Ecjq$ 28< ¼E/ÿvhci =<< ¼E

Rêo}õ uvéwij uvéwij

@xci éoh}}jw}jcj 78< <<< nc 7<< nc !: dj|) t8< nc

@kkmyhjw ghfhohd}h}#}h/ j 7<:7#hu uvhvkdgjd

iu h`yÿ}}cźnòmin jv Hxwk|hjd]wxen Wjeid` ]hjc Juukeij}ikd]WK !]wxen Wjeid` Kw`jdiuj}ikd)njcikdrhwuhdy#uvòrh}ué``ho$ JBIJ Eajcikduai| rhwuhdyukwk#vj} nhwh}hid ghoÿo hooê}k}} uknwé#}ź chdhmvuhwi uvhwh|h chooh}} j]WK giv}kuã}fj cidmhd wéuv}rhrŚuvêcêwj jvknj} j @kkmyhjw Wj#eid` jgwkdeuknj}/ jchoyhnh} jDhcvh}nòvi Jx}kckgio Uvòrh}#ué` !BIJ) j rhwuhdyhnwh aj`yk}} fõrê$ J ]WK hchooh}} }hofhu nòwźuvhwrivuvko`êo}j}êu} iu dyöf}$J @kkmyhjw Wjeid` njcikdjg#wkdeuknj} }jrjoy õ}j nivêwõoj` j]WK }hwfhuv}i$ J euj|j}kn j ]WKairj}joku phgkomjoêd/ rj`ynòvrh}ohdÿo j |êoyêd whdmhoah#}in ch` jv jgwkdeuknj}/ jako j]WK cxdnj}êwuji bho iu uvhwhoin jvknj}$ J `xcinj} j ]WK }êwkofj

éu fx}}j}fj ho j rhwuhdy|êoyêwj$Aj j néuvoh} hd`hmi/ jv jgwkd#euknj} ch` iu ohah} rêuêwkodi j|êoyêd$ Ak`y j `xcinj} i`jv#uê`kujd kuuvên uvé}/ j ]WK éu jBIJ cidmhd h`yhu bx}jc hoŚ}}ukwukoêu} whdmhvdhn$ J aövêuiùhdni uhc }xmfj/ choyin jgwkd#euk} choyin euj|j} nj|fj ch`$J ]WK j BIJ rhwuhdyhn @kkm#yhjw Wjeid` jgwkdeujidjn giv#}kuã}êuêd }öo }huv}hnahv éu dhc#vh}i njcikdrhwuhdyhnahv iudyöf} @kkmyhjw `xcijgwkdeuk#nj}/ hchooh}} cidmhd huhcédyukwêd uvjnné|vh}} jgwkdeuuvh#whoŚ euj|j}k} éu ch`bhohoŚhdbhouvhwho} uvhwriv}hwÿoh}h} giv#}kuã}/ jako j `xcin bhouvhwhoéué#wh éu nih`yhduöoykvêuêwj iu ukwnhwÿo$ Jv jgwkdeunhvhoéu WBIM!wêmiõbwhnrhdeiêu jvkdkuã}õ) uh#`ã}ué`érho }òw}édin/ jchoydhn wéréd j BIJ uvjnhcghwhi ch`#

`yŚvŚmah}dhn wõoj/ ak`y j dh#rhvŚn ch`bhohodhn jv jgwkd#euknwj rkdj}nkvõ i`hd uvi`kwöhoŚãwêukndjn$J @kkmyhjw 7<<= õ}j nãdêo jg#wkdeuknj} njcikdrhwuhdyhnwh$J 5:8+0< W 77/8 @kkmyhjw ]wxen Wjeid` jgwkdeu j oh`öfjggkoyjd ckmhoo/ jchoyh} nibhfh#vh}}hd jv hxwõ|ji njcikdrhwuh#dyhnwh uvêd}j$ Joj|fj j @kkm#yhjw Whìkdjo WAU nkwcêdyvk}}

]WK―@KKMYHJWH@Yß]]CżNÒMÉU CH@AKUUVJGGÃ]RJ

jgwkdeudêo cêw iuchw} }headk#oõìj/ nÿoòdoh`hu bx}õnhrhwén#nho éu cid}êvj}}jo/ jchoydhn cidmhd ahoyvh}ghd nirêoõ }j#|jmêu éu houŚwjd`ö rhwuhdy|ê#oyêu éoh}}jw}jc nòuvòdah}Ś$ JvWBIM }headkoõìj/ jchoyh} houŚ#néd} j Gwi}iua ]kxwid` Ejw Eajc#|ikduai|u }öwjjx}õ#gjfdknuêùkwêd cx}j}}jn gh/ cêwj j nj#cikdrhwuhdyhn cidmhddj|kuuvhwh|oŚfh$

J



@JWJFUVNI FÕVUHB !58)

Hoé``é h`yhdhu rko} jv x}jc juvjncêgj/ chw} jv émhuj|êcairj}êuku ukbŚw rko} éu dhceujn j rjeukwj chooh}} chuéo}h j dj|i}òw}édh}hnh}/ ajdhc aj }hah}}h/ri}} cj`êrjo j bÿonéghd bxrjwgj$Cidmhd} oê}aj}}jc/ jci} j uk#bŚwdhn euidêodij nhoo$ Giv}kduê#`ku rhvh}éu/ wjnkmêu/ chdh}oh#réoãwêu/ mhbhn}/ whdmŚwi hoohdŚw#véu$ Ci nhoo h`y `yhwhndhn; ]h}#uvh}} dj`ykd/ joi` rêw}jc/ ak`yghiwj}nkvajuujn j akdrémué`#déo fkùiwj$ Hoidmxo} jv ÿ`y/ mhné} aé} cöorj fò}} j ghaãrõc

éu h`y éri` niu ajvêdn oé`}hwé}rém}hc/ mh dhc jm}jc bho$ Fõo}h}}hc/ chw} j 77< hvhwgh nhwÿ#oŚ G/ E/ H }ã|xuö rivu`êc 1<(#ê}h`y HX#u |êoyêvj} bivh}}h$ UkbŚwoh}}hc$\kdyrêu njcikddjo nhvm}hc/ghobòomhv}hc/ jv}êd fò}} j dhc#vh}nòvivéu/ gêw fkggêwj eujn jnòwdyhvŚ kwuvê`kngj$ H`yuvhwrko}jc }éo ré`éd Méo#U|jdykokw#uvê`gjd/ mh dhc }xm}jc/ ak`yj cjmêwoê}}j méou|jdyko `êvkojfj aimh`hgg riménhnhd ghbj`y jeuŚgh$ Jv}êd ch`}xm}jc$Cêw dé`y érh mko`kvkc j RK#OÊDGXUV Vw}$#déo éu dhc gêd#}jc ch`$ Uknbhoé fêw}jc$ Jvx}jnwõo j oh`bk`rjek`}j}õggéocédyhc j dyêwi ckd}hdh`#wõi fêwj}akv bźvŚmin$ Fõrjo Mxg#wkrdin hoŚ}}/ jx}õ|êoyj#é|ã}éucij}}/ ho}hwho}hn h`y koyjd nhu#nhdy/ cxwrêu ö}wj/ jako }joêdh`y cé}hwwh rko} j nhwén}Śo jvö} uvéoh/ jvkd }öo j uvjnjmén/uvhcgŚo |hmi` j }wjdvi}bkw`j#okc$ Cidmhv éffho* Éu hggŚo jvx}judjn uhcci} dhc uvjgjm

éuvwhrhddi* Chddi nhoo uvé|hd/jak`y j euiooj` ch`y jv é`hd$Jv rko} jv i`jvi ukbŚwiunkoj*J ajvji x}jnwõo jv j réohcé#dyhc/ ak`y idnêgg j wkcêdaj}êw bhoé nhooh}} rkodj jx}õ|ê#oyê} é|ã}hdi/ chw} jv C2#kudjn dideuhdhn gheuj}ojnkvêuji/ cé`j dj`y bkw`jocö Mwêrjuvjgko#eui` uhc ri}}én ho$ J ==#hu ö}wj iudj`ykd nhoohdh j |édv éu j nòv#ohnhméu|koi}inji bi`yhohc$Jv x}jukn }édyoh` uknbéoén/jaêdy ö}/ jddyibéoh j }êwujuê`òuuvh}é}hoh$ J }òggué` }iuv}h#oh}}xmõ/ gjwê}uê`ku/ òwòc rhoÿn mko`kvdi/ eujn déaj }źdin bhoh`y#h`y koyjd hcghw/ jni dhcioyhd$ Jv h`yin }ã|xu j nòrh}hoŚ#mvŚ/ jni whdmuvhwid} uvjgêoyhooh#dhuhd rjojci} nòrh}ho/ |éomêxoêoofjn ch` j Vuxvui dédi aêvêdêoj njdyjwgjd$ Jv ioyh} iu xmrjwi#jujd nhoo ahoywh }hddi$ J cêuin/jni okeuk`di nãrêd rhohc chdh}nòvghd/ u jcinkw éuvwhrhuvi/ak`y dhc rhuvhc jv jmêu}/euÿ``hm}hd jggjaj`yfj$Rjd koyjd/ ak`y cźuvjni aigjcij}} êooxdn éu =< hcghw géné#uhd rêwjnkvin j gxuvgjd/ cêuhuh}ghd jnjm h`y rj`y }ògg mÿ#aòd`Ś x}ju$ Ci dhc mÿaòdàh#}ÿdn/ dhnÿdn cidmhd ahoyvh}#ghd dyx`km}djn nhoo cjwjm#dxdn/ h`yégnéd} iu cidmhdni#dhn dhc ohah} ch`bhohodi$ Rko}koyjd huh}hc/ ak`y h`y x}junhmrhvcéddyho/ id`yhd jnjw}x}jvdi/ mh j |j|ãwfji uvhwid} dhcrko} wê fk`kuxo}/ }hofhu êwö ch#dh}fh`yh} nhooh}} rkodj rhddih$\édvh riuvkd} dhc rko}/ éu ho#nhvmh}} }jwaêodi j gxuvgjd ÿoŚx}jukn}õo$ Oh}huuénho}hc/ chw}jv x}ju bivh} h`y nxo}xwêo} uvko#`êo}j}êuéw}/ dhc ohah} Ś} ã`yckohuv}êodi$Nÿoòdfêwj}gjd cêw dj`ykd ukn#béoh euk|kw}k} ri}}hc éu éwmh#nhu/ ni/ ak`yjd riuvkdyxo j `é|#nkeuirhvh}Śaòv$ H`y bidd mi|#okcêeiji euk|kw}}jo ch`êoo}jcjv jx}õ|êoyj#|jwnkoõgjd h`ydj`y é}}hwhcdéo/ jakrê j nkd#vxo öw chàãr}j jv h`éuv }êwuj#uê`k} h`y#h`y fé`nwécwh/ chw}j nkdvxo öw uvhwh}i j fé`nwéch}$Éd j gxuvgjd cjwjm}jc$ Nifò}}j nkdvxo öw j }kocêeeujo éu éd iuchàãrêu} nj|}jc h`y fé`nwéc#wh$ Nhmrhu hcoén* Rj`y jv jvjchwinji ch}kmiu}j nõwxu/ jch#oyin ukn hxwõ|ji bhooé|éu x}êd

ajvêdngj éwnhvh}}$ Riuuvjbhoéajfõrjo chd}hn rkodj Huv}hw#`kci`/ k}} öfwj bhorhddi Śnh} éugxuuvjo \kvukdygj$ Eujnak`y jajfõd dhc rko} njfj* Né}ué`gh#hu}hn/ hd`hc ch` k}}aj`yk}}rhoÿn jv imh`hdrhvh}Ś/ ch` nho#oh}} komjdi jv ÿ`yh}/ chw} wòrimrko} jv imŚ$ Iwêdy h`y éohociuvhwêwxaêv/ bho}jdnko}ên cj`xnj}/é||ak`y hoéw}ÿn j ajfõ$ J gxuv#gjd cé` édhnhodi |wõgêo}jn/ mhgivkdy cêw hoahwrjm} j dõ}j$ Ho#joxm}jn$ Éd |hmi` dj`y }j|uk}nj|}jc \kvukdygjd$Êc dhc ã`y }òw}éd} jvvjo j nãdjieuk|kw}}jo/ jninh} Ghwoidghd rh}#}hc bho j wh|}éwhd/ éu né}ah}hunòwx}jvêu} }h}}hc rhoÿn Dé#ch}kwuvê`gjd$ Éwmhnhuhn rko#}jn$ ]òggdyiwh ghbÿ``òdyòv#}hn/ chw} dhc rko} éwmhnhu uvê#cxnwj jv id`hwuvh`édy hxwõ|ji}êf/ éu uknuvkw dé|mjoédhnoéuirhwuhdy} whdmhv}hn j gxuvgjd$Nãdji dé|mjokn/ nòvrh}ohd jbÿohc chooh}}/ ghoh j cinwkbkd#gj/ j nòv}hu imŚghd |hmi` ré`déonÿoi nãdji ukwkvj}kn chd}hn j rimhõd$ Jweivckc uh whvmÿo}/mh }Śoÿn iu dj`y }j|uk} nj|}jcj ré`éd/ ak`y nigãw}jc$Jv x}jvõnòvòdué` nòwéghdòwòn néwméu/ ci }òw}édin jvvjo jvx}juujo/ jni dhc nhwÿo hoŚ idmx#oêudêo/ rj`y j |iahdŚghd$ Dhc#vh}nòvi fêwj}kd x}juoiu}j rjd }h#ohbkduvêccjo/ ã`y hoéwfÿn jv ho#nõgkwko} x}ju}$ Ghobòomighd eujn ghckdmfxn jv idmxoêui imŚ|kd#}k}/ jv}êd cidmhd} ch`}huvÿdn/ak`y idmxoêunkw hoohdŚwivvÿn jvx}juoé}uvêck}$ J oh`nhoohch}oh#dhgg/ aj rjojnidhn }krêgg uvõoj fh`yh/ mh hoŚgg uvêoo oh réòh`éu dhc uvõo$ Cidmi` cidmhdÿ}}bi`yhodi nhoo jv x}juknwj*

GJOK@A UÊDMKW !8=)

]xmfj ci rko} wé`hd j wjdùkwj bjoxgjd; ]jdêeuhodòn/ whdm#Św/ gxuvukbŚw/ hgghd j ukwwhdm#ghd$ Ŝn rko}jn jvkn/ jnin j oh`#}ògg hcghw} iuchw}én/ Śnh} iucidmhdni iuchw}h$ Hvéw} oh}}hcgxuvrhvh}Ś$ Dj/ jvéw} hv dhcrko} ioyhd uicj ÿ`y* Vhdéuv rj#`ykn/ jcö`y mvuhuuvmkgku ohd#dén/ mh hggŚo cêw j uvkeijoiv#cxugjd uhc ohah}h}} ch`éodi/iooh}rh eujn nhrhuhndhn uinh#wÿo}/ ujfdku éd dhc rko}jc nòv#}ÿn$ Nhooh}} rjojci }iuv}hu |ko#


\ioõ}ên réohcédyh

X]JN/ X]JUKN/X]JVÊUKN•GxuvukbŚwòn chuéodhn

H`y jx}õvêu cidmi` njojdm iu h`y nieui}/ jnêw éuvwhrhuuvÿn/jnêw dhc$ U jnidhn j nòvö}i nòvohnhméu j cidmhddj|icxdnêfê} fhohd}i/ chw} hv j airj}êuj/ jddjn givkdy dj`ykdukn njojdmgjd rjd wéuvh$ X}jn/ hcghwhn/ huhcédyhn/}jdxouê`kn/ gjwê}uê`kn/ gkuuvöuê`kn/ òwòcòn rêo}fên h`ycêu} j cźuvjn ré`éwh$Cku} j RKOÊDGXUV Vw}$ dj`y yjnkwoj}}jo whdmhonhvŚjx}õgxuvrhvh}Śi ghuvéodhn h`y nieui} cj`xnwõo/ jv}êd }òggh}j cxdnêfxnwõo$



wj}wj nhwÿo}hc éu 1 éri` fêw}jc jGxmj|hu}―Rhuv|wéc―Gxmj|hu}ö}rkdjoj} éu cé` jvdj| Gxmj#|hu}―@yŚw―Gxmj|hu}h} iu }hofh#uã}h}}hc$ Hv dj|i 8<< niokcé}hw} fhohd}h}}$ Dhc eukmj/ ak`y }òggnkooé`j iu cêuakrê néw}h cj`ê}$Nhcédy cxdnj rko}*J chdh}whdmuvhwźghd iu rjd#djn }òwvux}jukn/ éu aj òuuvh#gjwê}nkvxdn/ uvêcã}jdi ohah}wêfxn/ ak`y chooédn êoodjn h`y fk`}jojdxo nòrh}hoŚmvŚ x}juujouvhcghd$ Dhc h`yuvhw ajook}#}jc }Śoÿn> —aj`ym Icwh/ ohwhd#mhvvÿn•–$ Éwmhnhu rko}/ aj h`ych`êooõgjd ò}hd uvkn}jn bho#uvêoodi éu eujn aêwcjd rko}jn/cêw aiêdykv}jn dhnhc/ mh éd iuaiêdykv}jc j }òwvux}jukndjn/aj uvjgid rko}jc déaêdy dj|i`$Njojdmkn jvkn rjddjn$ U|kw}k#oõnj} ri}}hc j bwjdnbxw}i wh|}éw#wh/ jcinkw houvjnjm} jv énuvãf jrjmiöf Injwxuvkd$ Nieuhwéo}hc/jv iu houvjnjm}$ Nimhwÿo}/ ch`#uvkwxo} j nkc|whuuvkw/ \hu}wŚoakvk}} wh|ÿoŚrho jv émhuj|êcuvj}ykwgjd h`y cêuinj}$ Aê}i`hd* Jcã` h`y njcikdku ioyhd#nkw ê}nkvõmaj}/ ghohwöàj} j`xcigj/ hv} h`y gxuvukbŚw jvx}jukn hoŚ}} dhc }hah}i ch`$Uvhwh}}hc jv iunkoji niwêdmx#oêuknj} iu/ chw} koyjd ahoyhnwh fx}aj}}jc ho/ jakrê cj`êdhc#ghwnéd} ukaj$ Ri}}hc cźréuvh#nh}/ dé|}êdekuknj}/ börõuvhdh#njw}/ nõwxu}/ jnin édhnho}hn/ vh#déo}hn ö}nòvghd/ mh aj hv vj#rjw} cêuknj}/ ch`néw}hc Śnh}/dh }h`yén$]xmfj ci} uvhwh}hn dj`ykd; Hoid#mxokn éu jv x}jukn jv ÿoéugŚo ni#ajfkorj êw`xu uvhchnnho bi`yh#oin/ ak`yjd rhvh}hn$ Jv}êd ö`y7<#5< niokcé}hw x}êd ch`dyx#`kmdjn éu hogõgiunkodjn/ chw}ch`gãvdjn ghddhc$Hv jv éd cidmhddj|i Nkuux}amãfjc*

]õ}a I$ @êgkw

`êwi bkòjonkvêu/ ã`y :900#ghd/― aö mh wé`hd rko} ― G éu E }ã#|xuö rivu`ê} }h}}hc jv CAUV#déo/ éu wò`}òd cxdnêgj iu êoo#}jc ahoyghd/ jv jmkdyi }éhuv#déo }hahw`é|nkeuid$ Gêw j bòom#x}ju vò}ynòoŚméu} dhc i`jvêd}xm}jc chùvhwh}di/ éwhv}hc/hv j uvjncj j dhnhc rjoõ rioê`$Hvéw} iu }h}}hc oh j M }ã|xuörivu`ê} :917#ghd/ éu wò`}òd ho iunhvm}hc gxuvkvdi j 7<#ju RkoêdRêoojoj}dêo/ jchoyh} cj RKOÊD#GXUV Vw}$#dhn dhrhvdhn$ I`hd/jv |kd}kujd ajwcide ér h`ycxdnjahoyhd*UvhwvŚméuhu cxdnêufêwj}kdnhvm}hc/ jci xdjocjudjn }źdin/chw} cidmhd dj| kmj iu/ riuuvjiu x`yjdjvknj} jv hcghwhnh}nhoo uvêooã}jdi/ mh dhc jv$ Hoéàjcjw gjwê}i nj|eukoj} jojnxo nij `é|nkeuirhvh}Ś éu jv x}jukn nòvò}}/ jci nhoo j fõ ajd`xoj}öcxdnjré`véuahv$ K}} giv}kujddideu whdmgkd}êu/ dideu wéuvh`hcghw/ Śn uvêcã}jdjn wêc/ éduvêcã}kn wêfxn/ ukn jnnkwi gj#wê}uê` cêi` ch`cjwjm}$ Uvh#wh}}hc jvknj} j bxrjwknj}*Hvhn jv imŚn j 0<#hu érhn ré`é#wh/ j 1<#ju érhn hohféwh mj}êoõm#djn/ jcinkw jv C0#hu/ j rioêòhòjuujggjd é|ÿo} jx}õ|êoyêfj/cé` joi` éw} Cjw}kdrêuêwi`$ Kw#uvê`x}jnkd chd}ÿdn/ jchoyhn uvhwhdeué}ohd êooj|k}öjn rko#}jn/ gêw niuhgg rko} j bkw`jokc/cid} cjdj|uê`$ Riuvkd} cidmhdimŚghd j 7<#ju Rkoêddjn rko}jn j oh`öfjgg/ oh`nkwuvhwźgg jx}õ#gxuvji/ aj nifò}} h`y öf ckmhoo jvInjwxugõo/ dêoxdn ajcjw ch`fh#ohd}$ J cji gxuvku `yhwhnhn dhciu }xmfên cioyhd chddyhi éocédyrko} jv jeéowx`õu gxuvgõo ê}ÿodij oé`wx`õugj$ Éd cé` rhvh}}hckoyjd wéì Injwxu}/ jako jv houŚjf}õ} nioideeuho nhooh}} dyi}di/ cid}j PE#jf}õ}$ Wé` rko}*Cjdj|uê` uknnjo fkggjn jvx}jn/ mh dj`ykgg j bkw`jokc$

Niré}ho} né|hvdhn jv òdnkw#cêdyvj}i x}jn/ jvkn ukn ahoyhddhc Hxwõ|êgj rjoõn$ U aj cêwx}jnwõo ghuvéoÿdn/ ho nhoo ckd#mjdkc/ ak`y j eukmjuvhwdhn niniêo}k}} nòwbkw`jocjn }hwrh#vŚi rjoõuvãdźoh` cé` ukuhcrhvh}}hn h`y 5 }hd`hoyhu/ :5/8cé}hwhu jx}õgxuv}$ Nò}hohvŚ#ré }hddéc j uvêcxnwj* Ukn ah#oyhd rjddjn |wkgoécêidn$ Rko}h`y koyjd —ujfê} aigêu– gjohuh#}hc/ ak`y j aê}uõ nò}édyohchvghjnjm} j oh}òw} }êgojeukdngj/h`y nòwbkw`jokcgj rjoõ ghajf#}êunkw$ Dhc ohah}h}} oê}di j }ÿ#nòwgŚo$ Jv : cé}hw cj`juwj }h}}}êgoên |hmi` j uvhcéoy`é|nk#euindjn }jnjwfên j nioê}êu}$J nÿoòdfêwj}kvêu jv chìd} h`y}hofhuhd cêu rioê`* J 1<#ju érhn#ghd bŚoh` uvkrfh} éu nxgji euk#|kw}knj} uvêooã}k}}jc$ Cidmné}dêeiõ dj`ykd gjwê}uê`ku/ bh#`yhochvh}} rko}/ jci} dhc ckd#mjdén jv DMN#uknwj$ Jv kwkuvkn iu whd`h}h` rkmnê} i}}jn/ mh Śn gãw}ên/ j déch}hn riuvkd} |iê#ujd uknj} wjdmjoãwkv}jn$ Cid#mhd dhcvh} ho rko} gźròorh jcj`yjw é}hohn}Śo éu j cj`yjwrhdméòê}êu}õo/ éu dhc joj|}j#ojdxo$ Uvêcxdnwj dj`ykd uvh#wh}ah}Śhn j ueahd`hdi —aj}ê#wkn–/ chw} jddjnimhféd j akuuvöaj}êwrêwjnkvêu} dhahvhd riuho#}én jv x}jukn$ Dhcvh}nòvighdghfêw}jc Hxwõ|ê}$Cku}jdêgjd j Gxmj|hu}―Vjoj#h`hwuvh` rkdjoj} fêwkc chdh}#whdmuvhwid}ighd éu jv j }j|juv#}joj}kc/ ak`y jv x}jukn dj`y}òggué`érho uhcci gjf uideu$Eujn déaj knkv dhaév |hwehnh}h`y#h`y koyjd hcghw/ jni ö`y`kdmkofj/ aj ch`rh}}h j fh`yh}/jnnkw ch`rh}}h j gxuv} iu éu jukbŚw} iu$ Cêukn wj`juvnkmdjn akvvêc/ éu aj dhc béwdhn bho jgxuvkcwj/ jnnkw iu rhohc jnjw#djn fòddi/ |hmi` :< |hwe cöorj fòd cò`ò}}hc j cêuin fêwj}$ H`yuòw/ h`y |kaêw gkw dhc kdm/ mhwéuvh`/ ajd`kunkmõ x}ju rhohcdhc x}jvaj}$ ]xmkc nhvhodiŚnh}/ whdmŚwwh eujn h`yuvhw rko}uvÿnué`hc$ Nÿoòd }écj j ahoy# fh`y`kdmkn whdmhvéuh$ —Kmjjnjwkn ÿodi/ chw}•– —Dhc jnj#wkn kmjÿodi/ chw}•– Hv} iu ho nhoouicã}jdi/ eujn jvx}êd idmxoxdn$Òuuvh}h}} cxdnj j ciédn$ Fh`y#nhvhoéu/ eukcj`nhvhoéu/ uvêc#ojjmêu éu cé` |uvieakoõ`xudjn

iu nhoo ohddi/ x`yjdiu h }xmkcêdydéonÿo j gxuvukbŚw eujn —béonjwöõwiêu–$ Hofêw} jv imŚ$ Jv} rh}}hcéuvwh/ cêw éd rj`ykn j eé`déo j—Ujdyi gêeui–/ }Śohc néwmhvdhn jbij}jokn/ éd |hmi` gkomk`jd ho#ckdmkc gêwnidhn jci} }xmkn$

EUHWMI ICWH !88)

Cj cêw eujn nhrhuhd hcoénhv#dhn j Rkoêd ]jqi rêoojoj}wj/ jakojv émhuj|êc ukbŚw rko} jx}õ#uvhwhoŚi ré`vh}}ué``ho$ Jddkö`y `kdmko}xn/ éd ohuvhn j }êwu/j rêo}õ j }jqifêwj éu ã`y iu oh}}$Mh jvéw} }h}}hc h`y 5 érhu ni#}éwŚ} j GNR#akv$ Koyjd fêwj}k}nj|}jc/ jci} —gÿd}h}Śuvêvjm#djn– aãr}jn j eé`déo/ mh hv dhcrko} koyjd dj`y gjf/ chw} k}}jv}êd ch`}jdxo}jc gêddi jvx}juknnjo$ J nÿorêwkui fêwj}kdrko} cidmhdbéoh x}ju$ Òuuvh#euxnoõ wéuvh`/ mxajf bij}jo/ aiuv#}ivŚ dŚuvhcéoy éu cé` uknjdcêukn$ J 1<#ju érhnh} ãw}xn$ Fho#oh`vh}hu x}ju}ã|xu rko}/ jchoyin dhc dév}h ch` j gxuv fêwj}uvê#cê}/ bhouvêoo} éu jnnkw égwhm} wê/ako rjd/ cjfm honhvm}h rhwdi jvjf}õ}$ Dhaév cxdnj rko} uvê#ckcwj/ mh éoh}wh uvõoõ }j|juv#}joj}knj} uvhwhv}hc jv hcghw#nhvhoéughd$ Céìu chùvhwh}#}hc j gxuvkvêu}*H`y u|kw}h`yhuÿoh} oh}} j nòrh}#nhvŚ cxdnêo}j}õc/ jako uvh#céoyjx}õ}/ }hahw`é|nkeui}/ éugxuv} bhorêo}rj nhooh}} rhvh}di$J u|kw}koõn jwjdykujn rko}jn/dhc rko} gjf rhoÿn/ h`yh} ni#rérh$ Gêwako rko}xdn/ h`y õwêdghoÿo ajvj jnjw}jn éwdi/ |hmi`dhc rko} jddyi jx}õ|êoyj/ cid}cku}$]ivhddé`y érrho hvhoŚ}} fò}}hcj RKOÊDGXUV Vw}$#ahv/ hoŚuvòwuvhwvŚméuhu fêwj}wj/ 8$=<#nkw id#mxo}xdn jv Òwu rhvéw }éwwŚo/ }òggbhorhrŚ ch`êooõ x}êd ´0#nkwUvêvajokcgj}}êd nhooh}} ojdmko#di$ Riuuvjbhoé ³=#nkw idmxo}xdn/akv}xn riuuvj \hu}wh j mko`kvõ#nj}$ Cidmhdni iuchw} cidmhd#ni}/ koyjd éwvéuhc rko}/ cid}ajcidmi` x`yjdjv} j eujoêmk} bx#rjwkv}jc rkodj wh``ho éu méo#x}êd$ NéuŚgg bxrjw} néw}ÿdn ci`é|nkeuirhvh}Śn j dj|nòvghdi|iahdŚimŚwh/ ak`y ajuvdkujd}hofhd j mwê`j imŚ/ chw} dideuwkuuvjgg j }é}ohdué`déo$\êw ér cöorj chdh}whdmuvhwź fê#




v :+10#hu céwh}jwêdydêo

iméd }joêd h`y nieui} nhrh#

uhgghd éwnhv}hn$ Dj`y òwòcòc#

wh iméd cêw }xmk}} fòddi Fkjeaic

gjwê}kc CjddahicgŚo !}jrjoy

gh}h` rko})/ jni iméd jv kuv}wên

Chochw Uiok i`hd oê}rêdyku fêw#

cźrhigŚo néuvã}h}} h`y nkc|oh}}

niêooã}êu}$ Dj`ykd ukn niu j|wõ bho#

fjrã}êu rko} hvhnhd j cjnh}}hnhd/

éu cid} ckdm}j }jrjoy Śuuvho h`y

dj|k} }òo}ò}} bédyné|hvéuuho j

eé` icu}i }hoh|ahoyéd$ Hockdmê#

uj uvhwid} fòrŚwh h`y Bwinxu eé`#

ghcx}j}õ} akv/ ghddh cj`yjw

éwmhnho}ué``ho iu$ Chooh}}h h`y

nkc|oh}} Bhoghwcjyw }hoh| rko}

h`y déch} `yźf}Ś fõrko}êgõo/ éu

h`y akoojdm cjnh}}hvŚ cxdnêi/

jni cêw jv öf/ MJB#njgidku ]j}wê}

iu honéuvã}h}}h$ Cidmi` rjddjn mi#

kwêcên iu hgghd j céwh}jwêdy#

gjd/ iméd uvêckcwj j ohòê}rê#

dykujgg h`y bwjdeij dyx`mãfju

öw x}ejwéuvoh}h rko}$

Jv érhn ukwêd cêw ch`}j|juv}jo#

}jc/ ak`y j whdmhvrédy cj`fê}/

éu oédyh`é} jv :+7=#78#òu njci#

kdkn jmfên/ éu hv dhc rko} cêu#

néd} iméd uhc$ Jnin h`yéw}hocź#

hd hoŚwhoé|}hn jv hoŚvŚ érhnahv

né|hu}/ jvkn j urêfei cjnh}}hvŚn/

iméd fò}}hn j oh`}ògghd/ hvvho ho#

ohd}é}ghd j mêd njcikdku noxg

iméd niuhgg oé}uvêccjo éu nhrh#

uhgg njcikddjo éwnhvh}}/ |hmi`

érhnhd ê} uvid}h Śn né|riuho}én j

euöeuk}$

Euha gjwê}jidn iu ê}êoo}jn j 0#1

bŚu/ cinwkgxuvku x}jvêuwj/ dj#

`ykgg juv}joxn rko} iméd/ éu ukn

uvé| cxdnê} akv}jn$ Nÿoòdoh#

`huué` rko} jv êo}joxn `yêw}k}}

bk}õcjwj}êukn uknjuê`j/ dj#

`ykd uvé| nih`éuvã}Śnh} ohah}h}}

rêuêwkodi/ ch`é|ã}ah}Ś ghoŚoÿn

jv houŚ uvéwiêu Wêgj/ Ujrihc/ mh

cé` j Wkcjd iu$

J déch}hn wéuvéwŚo }ògg noxg éu

cjnh}}hvŚ iu né|riuho}h j ajvji

uvãdhnh}/ oh`dj`ykgg juv}joj

iméd iu j mÿuuhomkwbi euj|j}djn

rko}/ éu h`yin bŚ j}}wjneiõfxn jv

Irhek U}wj}kw ê}é|ã}Ś rko}$

Bkoyjcj}ku wéuv}rhrŚ h`y bwjd#

eij dyx`mãfju öw iu/ jni érwŚo#érwh

uvhggdéo#uvhgg h`yhmi é|ã}é#

uź njcikd} akv jv :+7=#hu cé#

wh}jwêdygjd$ H`y cêuin bwjdeij

}êwujuê`dêo iu nkckoy bhoakvj}jo

rko}/ uvid}éd bwjdeij/ éu j whdmhv#

rédy }òwvu}j`fj Bwhmmy Jccjd/

jni cêw hmmi` iu ukn nÿoòdoh`hu

é|ã}éu} cx}j}k}} gh$ Iméd j dh#

aév`é|uvêooã}êu }écjnòwégŚo

akvk}} |êw njcikd}/ dk ch` j

néuvÿoŚbéoghd oérŚ :+1#ju Chw#

ehmhu gh}kd|xc|êfj h`yuvhwź#

hd ckdxchd}êoiu$ Joxcãdixc éu

cźjdyj` hohchngŚo é|ã}i ohìd#

nêgg/ cidmhd} Ś `yêw} oh akvvê/

cêw cku} :/8 cé}hw akuuvö/ éu

rjd rj`y 1<#:<< n`$

J bwiuu aãwhn/ rêwaj}õ öfmkduê`kn

uvhc|kd}fêgõo i}} }xm oh`fkggjd

dj|wjnéuv ohddi jv hcghw/ éu hv

iméd uhc rko} cêuné||hd$ Jv

kuv}wên Ahidv gjwê}kc/ jni fhohd#

oh` cêw j oh`nkckoyjgg njci#

kdcjnh}} éu nih`éuvã}Ś#bkw`jo#

cjvõ Hxwõ|êgjd/ éu hvéw} uvid}h

dj|i nj|eukoj}gjd rjd j oh`bkd#

}kujgg `yêw}õrjo/ jv kojuv I}joh#

wirho/ jv} ckdm}j/ ak`y uvh|#

}hcghw hohfh nòwÿo rêwaj}õ/ ak`y

nifòd jv CJD ]@Q/ éu }joêd ér ré#

`éwh honéuvÿo cêw dj`y dhahvhd

jv Irhek U}wjoiu iu$ Hvhd nãrÿo ohuv#

dhn iméd iu öfwjnijmêukn/ ã`y j

wéì fêwcźrhn nhmrhoŚidhn h`y

2q=#hu D@ Chwehmhu/ rjojcid} j

wéì euŚwŚu MJB$

Nãrêdeuijd rêwfxn j fòrŚ éri öf

ahoyuvãd}/ dj ch` j }joêonkvêu}

j gjwê}knnjo/ éu jv honéuvÿo} öf

cxdnênnjo$ Niuu @êgkw

Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu 7<:7+2 ▿ Njohimkuvnõ|0=

J

Ckmhooniwjnj}

AJ CÊWEIXU/ JNNKW FJGGHNHJ ghoìxci ghuvêckoõ bkoy}j}êuj

Cku} j niêooã}k}} cjnh}}hnwh/ noxgknwj òuuv|kd}kuã}xdn/

ajojmfxdn ukwfêgjd/ éu nhvmfÿn j nieuinnho$

:

8=

7 5

2

1

0

:<

9

:$ J bwjdeij euj|j} juv}joê d rko} hv j akcoknwjnkmõ 7$ Joxcidãxcg õo éu cźjdyj`gõo néuvÿo Bwhmmy Jccjdgh}kd|x c|êfj 5$ Gho`j cjnh}}hvŚ cxdnêfj =$ Bwjdeij dyx`mãf ju öw ê}é|ã}éuh 8$ ]akcju Pyuu cxdnêfj Urêfegõo/

né} éri` néuvã}h}}h 2$ Ŝ iu Urêfegõo éwnhvh}}/ cé` wjf}j rjd jv ö} |kwj 0$ Jv jchwinji njcikdkn né|riuhoŚi iu fhohdrko}jn 1$ Bhoghwcjyw }hoh| :#10#ghd 9$ Uiok# Chochw/ uvid}éd 10#ghd :<$ Jv h`yin ohd`yho cjnh}}hvŚ u|heijoi}êuj

j wkdeu njcikdkn/ hv j Uejdij iu ã`y néuvÿo}



J nkwcêdy }hwrhighd j êvÿvhcźdhaév}hahw`é|nkeuin éu jx}õgx#uvkn wéuvjwêdyê} cidicxc :</ mhjnêw 7< uvêvjoénwj nãrêdfên dò#rhodi 7<7<#i` j oéùvhddyhvh}}#ué` euònnhd}éuh éwmhnéghd$ Hvvho

|êwaxvjckujd/ jv hmmiì :<: bk#oyénkdy `êv} bkw`jocjvõ }òo}Śêo#okcêu uvêcê} 51< mjwjgwj dòrh#oin/ cé` hv ér ré`éwh*

J dhaévnj}h`õwiêu ajuvkd`é |# fêwcź#ck}kwkn `yêw }êuêwj uvj#nkukmk}} @YCEO !@xjd`qi Yx#eaji Cjeaidhwy Ekc|jdy Oici#}hm) cêw 7<<9 éu 7<:: nòvò}} 710 uvêvjoénnjo dòrho}h `êvÿvhcźck}kwfjidjn `yêw}êui mjwjguvê#cê}/ uŚ} j ohhdmŚ i`édyhn nihoé#`ã}éuh éwmhnéghd h`y }hofhuhd öf `yêw}õÿvhch} iu é|ã}hdhn/ jchoy 7<:5 hohféd nhvmi ch` j }hwch#oéu}$]hwrhin uvhwid} érhd}h 7< hvhw mjwjg `êvÿvhcź ck}kw} bk`djn `yêw}jdi/ éu j }hwrhvŚ# éu bhfohuv#}Śnòv|kd}fxnj} iu imh ahoyhvin ê}$

J `é|nkeui`yêw}õnj} —fxu} id}ich– whdmuvhwghd niuvko`êoõdéch}kwuvêì O$I$]$ J@ 8< mjwjgNò`ho Ch`j \88 }ã|xuö béo|õ}#nkeuirjo gŚrã}h}}h bok}}êfê}$ Jvöf }ã|xu oédyh`h/ ak`y j |jmoõ#rêv }êc}jo|jn hoŚ}}i wéuvh j nk#wêggi 9< ciooicé}hwhu nhwhuv}#ch}uvh}wŚo 88 ciooicé}hwh euòn#nhd}/ hvêo}jo }hofhu akuuvöuê`#

gjd niajuvdêoaj}õ j 5 cé}hwhughocj`juuê` j = cé}hwhu nÿouŚ/}hofhu cj`juuê` gh}jw}êuj cho#oh}}$ Hvvho h`yÿ}} j béo|õ}nk#euin òduöoyj 2/= }kddêwj euòn#nhd}/ j ajuvdku }hahwgãwêu fj#rêwj$ J }h}Śuvhwnhvh} }hwcéuvh#}huhd cheajdinxu#aimwjxoinxuö}kd ch`hchoah}Ś/ j wjnkmêuch``ykwuã}êuj éu ch`nòddyã#}éuh éwmhnéghd$ J wjnkcêdykn ― nòv}ÿn j ì}}hwgkqkn ― wò`vã#}éui ohah}Śué`hi h`yjwêd} ch`#bhohodhn j MID :2=7 Ekmh QO éuj Mjicohw 9$8 iwêdycx}j}êuê#djn$ Uvêc}jojd ohah}Śué` rjdj oh`nÿoòdbéoégg wjnkcêdykn giv}kduê`ku wò`vã}éuéwh/ jnêw#eujn j béo|õ}nkeui wò`vã}éué#wh = |êw wò`vã}Śuvhccho Wk#Wkbkw`jokcgjd$ ]krêggê/ ohah#}Śué` rjd j niwêoyeuj| `ykwu éuh`yuvhwź euhwéféwh iu/ jv ê}cé#wŚ bÿ``rédyéghd$ J nj|eukoêuicj`juuê` 9:<―:<8< ciooicé}hwnòvò}} ohah}ué`hu$

]hwcéuvh}huhd Nãdêgjd uhc nh#wÿo}h ho j nkwcêdy éu j uvjnhcgh#whn bi`yhocé} j dhaévnj}h`õwiêu/`êvÿvhcź }hahw`é|nkeuin éu jx#}õgxuvkn }krêggi bhfohuv}éuh éu j}òo}Śêookcêu#aêoõvj}kn nié|ã}éuh/jci} h`y dhcwé` }òw}éd uvhwhd#euéu bhobhmhvéu i`hdeujn bho|òw`h#}h}}$ Nãdj dyx`j}i wéuvéd/ jv kwkuv éu ckd`ko aj}êw nòvhoéghd õwiêubòom`êvchvŚwh gxnnjd}jn$ J nkw#cêdy :7$ ò}érhu }hwréghd h`yég#néd} iu uvhwh|ho} j bòom`êv ― }òg#ghn nòvò}} nòvohnhméui eéoö ― ajuv#dkuã}êudjn dòrhoéuh/ cid}h`y 1/5uvêvjoénnjo 7<:8#i`/ jci aêwkc#uvkwkuj j 7<<1#ju éw}éndhn$Hddhn éwmhnéghd cêw j ajwcj#min }êrrhvh}énh} é|ã}in jv kwuvê`dyx`j}i bhoégŚo/ j uźwźd ojnk}} éu fhohd}Śu i|jwwjo whdmhonhvŚ nh#oh}i }hwÿoh}hn iwêdyêgj$ J aêwkcdj`y nãdji kojf# éu `êvi|jwi eé`cêw 8 ni}hwchoŚgêviu} ghÿvhcho}/}krêggi :<#h} é|ã}hdhn éu 8 }hwrh#

véui u}êmixcgjd rjd$


IDBKWCÊEIÕN ÉU ÉWMHNHUUÉ@HN

ßddh|éoyhu ê}jmêuéu j uknkomjoöjd jonjocjvaj}õCh`j \88 ckmhoo

@êv kojf êwjn

Jdmkwwj :/:0 hxwõ

Jxuv}wij :/59 hxwõ

Ghoìxc :/8< hxwõ

Gxo`êwij 7/89 ohrj

Euha Nòv}$ 58/8< nkwkdj

Mêdij ::/2: nkwkdj

H`yhuÿo} Niwêoyuê` :/=7 bkd}

Éuv}kwuvê` :/71 hxwk

Biddkwuvê` :/8: hxwõ

Bwjdeijkwuvê` :/=: hxwõ

@òwò`kwuvê` :/8: hxwõAkoojdmij :/=0 hxwõ

Akwrê}kwuvê` 9/19 nxdj

Ãwkwuvê` :/88 hxwõ

Ohd`yhokwuvê` 8/07 vok}y

Oh}}kwuvê` </98 oj}

Oi}rêdij =/89 oi}ju

Oxqhcgxw` :/7= hxwõ

Cj`yjwkwuvê` =5</<< bkwid}

Déch}kwuvê` :/=8 hxwõ

Dkwréìj :5/21 nkwkdj

Kojuvkwuvê` :/21 hxwõ

Kwkuvkwuvê` 79/8< wxgho

\kw}x`êoij :/=0 hxwõ

Wkcêdij 8/19 ohf

U|jdykokwuvê` :/58 hxwõ

Urêfe :/19 bwjdn

Urémkwuvê` :=/99 nkwkdjUvhwgij :=2/9< mãdêw

Uvokrênij :/== hxwõ

Uvokrédij :/55 hxwõ

Xnwjfdj :</<< awyrdij

WHDJXO] NHWJQ 1q1

NÒ@HO ― 8< MJWJGKU NÒO]UÉ@AJ]ÉNKDY

BÉO\Õ]#BOK]]J ÕWIÊUI NÃDJI @ÊVCK]KW#

ÉU ]ÒO]ŜÊOOKCÊUAÊOÕVJ]#BHFOHUV]ÉU

CHWEHMHU#GHDV RIJDK― —CJWEK \KOK– FXGIOHXC

Ê}jm}ên j uvjgjmimŚu fêwcź :< <<<#min |éomêdyê}$ J Phu}bjoij eé`déoj —Cjwek \kok– :992 õ}j rjd yêw}êu|wk`wjcgjd/ }hwcéuvh}huhd bk#oyjcj}ku nkwuvhwźuã}éuhnnho éu 7<<5 õ}j néuvÿodhn j Rijdk#uvéwiêwj$J fxgiohxci |éomêdy h`yhmi bédyhvéu}nj|k}}/ gi#qhdkd bédyuvõwõnj}/j }h}Śuvhwnhvh} hohn}wk#aimwjx#oinxu cźnòm}h}éuź/ nÿoòd }h}Ś#jgojnnjo éu nÿouŚ vxajdyvõrjoiu whdmhonhvin$ J dé`yahd`h#whu mãvhock}kw j —Goxh#Hb#bieihdey– }headkoõìjwéréd ch`bhohoj ohùvi`k#wögg nòw#dyhvh}ré#mhoci dkw#cêndjn$

Öfjgg }j``jo gŚrÿo} j Whdjxo} Nhwjqkn nãdêoj}j$ J dhaév cxdnjnòwÿocédyhn nò# vò}} nòvnhmrho} `é |nkeui iccêwkd 1q1#ju chàjf}êuujo iu nj|aj}õ/ cźuvjnioj`ch`hd`hmh}} òuuv}òch`h =< }kddj bòoò}} rjd$ HwŚbkwwêunéd} =5< éu =2< oõhwŚuHxwk R#òu ck}kwknnjo/ cã` Hxwõ|êd nãrÿo ==< oõhwŚu Hxwk III#ju ck}kwwjo bkw`jo#cjvvên$ J rêuêwoõn nÿoòdbéoh jgwkdeu}ã|xu éu céwh} nòvÿo rêojuv}aj}djn j ohhdmŚjonjocjvêu bÿ``rédyéghd$ Nirêoõ 78#5: bknku }hwh|uvò`hnnho whdmhonhvin/ mh j }h#

wh|fêwõ né|huué`h} hoòo 5=</ aê}xo 52< ciooicé}hwhu uvjgjm cj`juuê` iu hoŚuh`ã}i$


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2012-06-camion-truck-bus-magazin 78/84 J\WÕAIWMH]ÉU


ÊOOÊU

▿ 79 érhu ukbŚw G/ E/ H nj}h#`õwiêu fk`kuã}rêddyjo éu `yj#nkwoj}}jo 0/8 }kddêi` ghvêwõoj`/ghobòomòd rj`y nÿobòomòd cxd#nê} nhwhu$]ho$6 .52#0<+287#57:<▿ 51 érhu uvkodkni béwbi êooêu}nhwhu ― E/ M/ H nj}h`õwiêu fk`k#

uã}rêddyjo/ ukbŚwnêw}yêrjo/ dh#aév`é|nhvhoŚi rivu`êrjo/ 1 érhunÿo# éu ghobòomi `yjnkwoj}}jo ―Uvkodkn nòwdyéni }hoh|ahoyhd$]ho$6 .52#0<+85:#=7<:▿ 50 érhu béwbi/ G/ E/ H nj}h`õ#wiêu fk`kuã}rêddyjo/ \ÊR I$/ II$NNUV/ }jw}êdyku JMW rivu`êrjo/

:8 érhu `yjnkwoj}}jo ghobòomiukbŚw êooêu} nhwhu Uvh`hmhd$]ho$6 .52#7<+=92#271<▿ NjcikdukbŚw E/ H nj}h`õwiêu fk`kuã}rêddyjo/ 77 érhu rhvh}éui― hggŚo 8 ér dhcvh}nòvi bxrjwk#vêui ― `yjnkwoj}}jo êooêu} nhwhu$]ho$6 .52#7<+850#8212éu .52#7<+271#1:=8▿ Njcikdku ― dh`yrhdérhu

`yjnkwoj}}jo ― bxooku jx}õd mko#`kvdj$]ho$6 .52#5<+0:<#1781▿ Bij}johcghw/ h`yh}hci mi|#okcêrjo !cźrhoŚméuuvhwrhvŚuvjn)/ uvêcã}õ`é|hu iuchwh}#}ho !Pkwm/ Hqeho/ Kx}okkn/ \ak#}kuak|)/ joj|bknö déch} dyhor#

rivu`êrjo/ rimhkcźukw néuvã}Śuvjnrivu`êrjo/ k|hwj}Świ/ }éréu`yjnkwoj}}jo/ ai}hoÿ`yid}évŚi`yjnkwoj}}jo éu fk`kuã}rêddyjoêooêu} nhwhu$Ckgio6 .52#7<+5=<#<8=2▿ G/ E/ H nj}h`õwiêu fk`kuã}#rêddyjo/ \ÊR II#rho/ ghobòomi éudhcvh}nòvi êwxbxrjwkvõi rivu#`êrjo/ miì}êoiu nêw}yêrjo/ jx}õ#uvhwhoŚ uvjncêrjo/ `yjnkwoj}}jo/ukbŚw cxdnê} nhwhuhn$]ho$6 .52#0<+79<#20<9▿ Nòv`jvmjuêì uvjnnòvé|iu#nkoê} ré`vh}} dŚ/ nih`éuvã}Ś nòv#`jvmjuêì uvjn}jdbkoyjccjo/nòdyrhoŚi `yjnkwoj}}jo/ bhoajuv#dêoõ uvid}ź uvêcã}õ`é|hu iuch#wh}}ho !Pidmkpu/ Hqeho)/ bxrjwkueé`déo uvhwvh}} 5 érhu `yjnkw#oj}}jo êooêu} nhwhu$]ho$6 .52#0<+5:2#17<8▿ NjcikdukbŚw J/ G/ E/ H nj}h#`õwiêu fk`kuã}rêddyjo/ \ÊR:/ gho#bòomi éu dhcvh}nòvi rivu`êrjo/miì}êoiu nêw}yêrjo/ 58 érhu `yj#nkwoj}}jo cxdnê} nhwhu/ ghx`wêuiu éwmhnho$]ho$6 .52#0<+779#0808▿ :5 ér ghobòomi/ 0 ér nÿobòomi`yjnkwoj}}jo ― EH/ ]IW/ \ÊR7 nj}h#`õwiêu ―/ ghobòomòd rj`y nÿobòo#mòd cxdnê} nhwhu/ ghx`wêu iuéwmhnho$]ho$6 .52#7<+850#8212▿ Koyjd hxwõ|ji njcikdku bx#rjwkvõeé`h} nhwhuhn/ jchoyMéo#Jbwinêgj éu #gjd bxrjwkv}j}/éu ukbŚwònh} nhwhu$ Néwhc/ jni}xm rjojcioyhd |kvi}ãr idbkwcê#eiõrjo uvko`êodi/ fhohd}nhvvhd$]ho$6 .52#0<+287#9792▿ Rhuvéoyhuêwx#uvêooã}êui giv#}kduêì }jdêeujmõ rêoojo eé`hn#dhn/ rêoojonkvõndjn JMW uvêooã#}êui }jdêeujmêu}$]ho$6 .52#0<+9=<#<<<<▿ \wkbi njcikdku aòo`ynkooé#`ê} nhwhuhn dé`ynévgh/ xdiõu

J|wõaiwmh}éu

J rêoojonkvêui eéoö j|wõaiwmh}éuhn joj|h`yué`h6 =7q55 cc+508<

B}.êbj !]ògguvòwòuh iu ohah})Ch`whdmhoéu6 ohréo/ }hohbkd/ bjq!uvhwnhuv}Śué`)$Bivh}éu6 j nÿomò}} euhnnhd cid#mhd aõ 7<#i`/ jnnkw j nòrh}nhvŚaõdj|gjd ch`fhohdin$]krêggwj iu }éwã }éu déonÿo/

cjqicxc }ãv ukw }hw fhmhohc#

ghd fhohd}h} fÿn ch`6 êooêu/ fêwcź/ nòvéwmhnź uvjn cji/iunkoji/ uvhwrhvh}i/ aj}õuêì aiw#mh}éuhnh}/ wéuvré}dyiorêdã }êu}/uvhcéoyhu }êw`yjn yźf}éué}/ euh#wéfé}$

Aiwmh}éui ÿ`yhnghd aãrfên j uvhwnhuv}Śué`h}$]ho$6 59<#==0=/ 50<#8<:0

bxrjwknwj nÿobòomi eéàhv/ jnidéch}ÿo rj`y jd`koxo nirêoõ#jd ghuvéo éu nêwkuuvhdrhméoy#chd}hu$ ]jw}êoyku/ uioõu `yj#nkwoj}}jo/ miì} nêw}yêrjo éu uvh#céoyjx}õrjo$]ho$6 .52#0<+287#9792▿ =7 érhu gxmj|hu}i njcikd#ukbŚw G/ E/ M/ H njwh`õwiêu fk#`kuã}rêddyjo/ jx}õuvhwhoŚ uvjn#cêrjo/ éwh}}uéìrho/ dj`y rhvh#}éui éu dhcvh}nòvi `yjnkwoj}}jo― `jwêvuchu}hw/ ― `é|nkeui hoŚ#jmõ/ ― ghobòomi rj`y wòrim}êrödhcvh}nòvi ukbŚwi êooêu} nhwhu$ÉwmhnoŚmdi6 .52#0<+709#9982▿ 57 érhu `é|nkeuirhvh}Ś cj#qicxc 5 ah}hu xdiõu cxdnê}rêoojo !miì}êoiu nêw}yj rjd)$]ho$6 .52#5<+298#2219/.52#5<+=87#078= !ghobòomòd)▿ 52 érhu nheunhcé}i béwbi J/ G/E/ M/ H njwh`õwiêu fk`kuã}rêdy#dyjo/ ghobòomi/ dhcvh}nòvi `yj#nkwoj}}jo dhaév`é|#nhvhoŚi fk`k#uã}rêddyjo cxdnê} nhwhu Nheunh#cé} éu Uvkodkn nòwdyénéd$]ho$6 <2#0<+85:#=7<:▿ 78 érhu cöo}wj riuuvj}hnid}Śjx}õgxuv# éu ajuvkd`é| fêwcź#uvhwriv nhwhu |wheãv/ jìoiu cxd#njhwŚ} j nòrh}nhvŚ |kvã eiõn gj6jx}õgxuv#uvhwhoŚ/ bédyhvŚ/ jx}õ#hohn}wkdinji cźuvhwéuv$]ho$6 :+77<#:87=/.52#7<+=2=#:=85▿ JMW }jdêeujmõ cxdnê}n hwhu }öocéwh}hu uvêooã}cêdyniuéwéuéwh/ ujfê} `é|fêwcźrho$]ho$6 .52#0<+9=<#<<<<▿ G/ E/ H nj}h`õwiêu fk`kuã}#rêdydyjo/ \JR II/ III#cjo/ ghobòomiéu ]IW rivu`êrjo/ miì}nêw}yêrjowhdmhonhvŚ bij}johcghw cxd#nê} nhwhu$ Gêwcioyhd ch`komêuéwmhnho$]ho$6 .52#5<+71=#<95=H#cjio6 ujdyi1=Lbwhhcjio$axH#cjio6 }k}i}wjduL}k}i}wjdu$ekc

Gxmj|hu}i uvénahoyź bxrjwkvõ eé`nhwhu dhcvh}nòvi

`é|fêwcźrhvh}Śnh}

E/ H nj}h`õwiêu fk`kuã}rêddyjo$

Bho}é}ho6 JMW#rivu`j/ miì}êoiu }jeak`wêb nêw}yj/ 7 ér dhcvh}nòvi é|fêwcźrhvh}Śi/

aź}Ś bxrjwkvêui `yjnkwoj}$

]hohbkd6

.52#5<+777#9:<=

CXDNJRÊOOJOÊU;RÊOOJONKVÊU;

Bkoyjcj}kujd idmxoõuvjn}jdbkoyjckn

]JW@KDEJ/ HCHOÝ@É\/ BÒOMCXDNJ@É\#NHVHOÝI

KNF#u givkdyã}rêddyjo éu `é|nhvhoýi fk`kuã}rêddyjo

]hohbkd6 .52#7<+=7=#=1=5

@É\FÊWCÞRHVH]Ý NÉ\HUÃ]Ý I@JVKORÊDY

Cxdnjrêoojoêuakv hoýãw} né|huã}éu

}hahw`é|nkeui#rhvh}ýndhn éu jx}õgxuv#rhvh}ýndhn

]hohbkd6 .52#7<+7=1#=0<<

UVJN]JDBKOYJCKN‧ Êwxbxrjwkvõ ‧ Jx}õgxuvku éu ]jqiu Rêoojonkvõi

‧ @é|fêwcþ ÿ`yid}évýi ‧ Rhuvéoyhuêwx#uvêooã}õ !JMW)‧ Axoojmén`yþf}ý éu #uvêooã}õ

‧ ]öocéwh}hu uvêooã}cêdy uvjnnãuéwý

]hohbkd6 .52#7<+951#=225

Nj|eukof wê*

ppp$bxridbkiwkmj$ax

::<2 Gxmj|hu}/ Fêuvghwédyi ö} 7=―52$]hohbkd+bjq6 <2#:+72:#<<01/ <2#:+72:#9152




EJCIKD ]WXEN"GXU AJUVKDFÊWCż/ ÊWX ÉU UVHCÉOYUVÊOOÃ]ÊUI UVJNOJ\ ‧ NIJMFJ6 EJCIKD

]WXEN"GXU ‧ J NIJMÕ I@JV@J]ÕFJ6 NOÉVO CJWIDJ ‧ I@JV @J]Õ6 CKODÊW VKO]ÊD ‧ UVHWNHUV]I6

J UVHWNHUV]ŜGIVK]]UÊ@ ‧ BŜCXDNJ]ÊWU6 \J\\ HWVUÉGH] ‧ CXDNJ]ÊWUJN6 GJOK@A FÊDKU/

GJOK@A CJ@MI/ GKDE UÉW UÊDMKW/ BHNH]H ÊW\ÊM/ NIUU GHW]JOJD/ NŜBJOXUI \ÊO/ MW$ NŜBJORI

@YXOJ/ NWIRÊDUVNY ÊW\ÊM/ CHWXN WÕVUJ/ KUEJW AKK@HDMKKWD/ ✔ WKUV\WIC OÊUVOÕ/ ]HNHU

JDMWÊU/ ]Õ]A I$ @ÊGKW ‧ ]HWFHUV]I6 AÃWNHW ‧ DHCVH]I AÃWOJ\NHWHUNHMHOCI W]$ ‧ NIJMÕI ÉU OJ\

]HW FHUV]ŜI NB]$/ RJOJCID] JO]HWDJ]ÃR ]HW FHUV]ŜN ‧ IUUD :812―1079 ‧ CH@ DHC WHDMHO]

NÉVIWJ]KNJ] ÉU BK]ÕNJ] DHC ŜWVßDN CH@ ÉU DHC NßOMßDN RIUUVJ$ NÒVÒO] EINNHIDN ÉU

BK]ÕIDN Ê]RÉ]HOH EUJN J NIJMÕ HD@HMÉOYÉRHO OHAH]UÉ@HU$ AIWMH]ÉUHN UVHWRHVÉUH6

UVHWNHUV]ŜUÉ@GHD 59<==0=/ U]YO CHMIJ =<8=8<5 ÉU JO]HWDJ]ÃR UVHWRHVŜNDÉO ]ÒW]ÉDIN$

UVHWNHUV]ŜUÉ@ßDN FK@UVJGÊOYGJ ß]NÒVŜ/ H]INJIOJ@ NIBK@ÊUKO AJ]Õ AIWMH]É UHN NÒV

OÉUÉ]ŜO HOVÊW NÕVIN/ J CH@FHOHD ]H]H]] AIWMH]É UHN ]JW]JOCÊÉW] BHOHOŜUUÉ@H] DHC

RÊOOJO$ J OJ\K] UVHCOÉVI JV KGUHWRHW

GXMJ\HU] CÉMIJBI@YHOŜ NB]$

]HO$6 5<5# =051 ‧ BJQ6 5<5#=0= =KGUHWRHW GXMJ\HU] CÉMIJ BI@YHOŜ NB]$

KBBIEIJO AXD@JWIJD FKXWDJO

KB ]AH ID]HWDJ]IKDJO ]WXEN " RJD " GXU " EKJEA

KB ]AH YHJW JPJWMU

JV —ID]HWDJ]IKDJO ]WXEN " RJD " GXU " EKJEAKB ]AH YHJW–

UVHWRHVH] CJ@YJWKWUVÊ@I AIRJ]JOKU OJ\FJ

UVHWNHUV]ŜUÉ@6::=: GXMJ\HU]/

CK@YKWÕMI Ö] :70+G:=50 G|$/ \b$ 5:< ° ]HO$+BJQ6 59<#==0=

H#CJIO6ejcgxuLax$id}hw$dh}

ID]HWDH]EÃCH6ppp$ejcikd}wxen$ax

CH@WHDMHOÉUÉ]/ NÉWFßN PHG KOMJOXDNKD !ppp$ejcikd}wxen$ax

]JOÊOAJ]Õ HOŜBIVH]ÉUI OJ\ NI]ÒO]ÉUÉRHO ÉU HONßOMÉUÉRHO ]H@YH

CH@* ]HWCÉUVH]HUHD BJQKD/ ]HOHBKDKD 59<#= =0=/ ÉU OHRÉOGHD ::=:

GXMJ\HU]/ CK@YKWÕMI Ö] :70+G EÃCWH IU FHOHVAH]I I@ÉDY É]*

JV HOŜBIVH]ÉUI MÃF AJ] AÕDJ\WJ 790< B] !GWX]]Õ)/ ]IVHDNÉ] AÕDJ\WJ 89=< B] !GWX]]Õ)$

J MÃFJN JV ÊBÊ] IU ]JW]JOCJVVÊN*

CH@WHDMHOHC J EJCIKD ]WXEN"GXU EÃCż AJRKD]J CH@FHOHDŜ OJ\K]

AJ] AÕDJ\WJ ]IVHDNÉ] AÕDJ\WJ \ÉOMÊDYGJD

EUHNNH] NÉWHN UVÊCOÊ] NÉWHN

CH@WHDMHOŜ DHRH6

EÃC6

IWÊDYÃ]ÕUVÊC6

H#CJIO EÃC6

]HOHBKD6 JOÊÃWÊU6

BJQ6 MÊ]XC6

CH@WHDMHOÉUÉ] HONßOMAH]I BÉDYCÊUKOJ]/ BJQ/ H#CJIO BKWCÊGJD IU

Ch`whdmhoŚoj|

AIWMH]ÉUHN !VÊWÕFHOGHD J AIWMH ]É UHN KOMJOUVÊCJ ]JOÊOAJ]Õ)

J@HD]U\HM NB]$ !=0) ‧ GXWUJ]WJDU\KW] G+III ‧ EKDRKY

]WXEN UAK\ !1<) ‧ MJB AXD@JWY NB]$ G+II ‧ MÊRIM

\KDYRJ WHNOÊC NB]$ !:5) ‧ MHO]J#]WXEN NB]$ !G+IR) ‧

BOIH@O ]WJIOHW !9) ‧ BOK]]#]WJDU NB]$ !:5) ‧ IJJ AJDDK#

RHW !1/ :</ :7) ‧ IgG AXD@JWY !81) ‧ IRHEK RHVÉW#

NÉ\RIUHOH] !0/ ::) ‧ NWKDH @cgA !::) ‧ CHWEHMHU#GHDV

AXD@ÊWIJ NB]$ !5) ‧ WHDJXO] ]WXENU AXD@ÊWIJ NB]$

!=:) ‧ UEJDIJ AXD@ÊWIJ NB]$ !55) ‧ UEACI]V EJW@KGXOO

CJ@YJWKWUVÊ@ NB]$ 0 ‧ UEAPJWVCßOOHW NB]$ :5 ‧

UVH@HM ― QQII$ NJCIKDKU ]JOÊONKVÕ 75 ‧ RKORKAXD@ÊWIJ NB]$ :

Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu ― Jv ér ajuvkd`é|fêwcźrh 7<:: |êoyêvj} nj}h`õwij`yŚv}huhi jv korjuõn uvjrjvj}ji joj|fêd

I$ nj}h`õwijAjuvkd`é|fêwcź 7 }kddêi` RKONUPJ@HD EJMMY GOXHCK]IKD

II$ nj}h`õwijAjuvkd`é|fêwcź 7―5/8 }kddêiÌRHEK HEKMJIOY 58U:0R

IR$ nj}h`õwijAjuvkd`é|fêwcź 8―:< }kddêiÌRHEK HXWKEJW@K 08H:1 COO

III$ nj}h`õwijAjuvkd`é|fêwcź 5/8―8 }kddêi`CHWEHMHU#GHDV U\WID]HW 5:2 EMI+=5 NJ

R$ nj}h`õwijAjuvkd`é|fêwcź :<―:8 }kddêi`CJD ]@O :7$77< HHR

RI$ nj}h`õwijAjuvkd`é|fêwcź :8 }kddj bhoh}}CHWEHMHU#GHDV JE]WKU :1=8 OU =Ð7 B:5

RII$ nj}h`õwijNkdu}wxneiõu+}hwh|hu dhaévfêwcźRKORK BCQ 1Ð=

RIII$ nj}h`õwij]hwh|fêwõ/ |ienx|RKONUPJ@HD JCJWKN WKGXU]

Q$ nj}h`õwijRêwkui/ hoŚrêwkui jx}õgxuvNWJR]HQ EWHMK EI]JMHOO :9

IQ$ nj}h`õwijCidigxuv/ cimigxuv 2 cé}hw}Śo CIMIEI]Y U 9:

QI$ nj}h`õwij]êrkouêì/ }xwiu}jjx}õgxuv h`yuvid}huCHWEHMHU#GHDV ]WJRH@K O

@wj}xoêoxdn

jv hwhmcédyhnahv/

éu whcédyÿdnh} bhfhvvÿn ni/

ak`y j nkwuvhwź/

hcghw# éu nòwdyhvh}gjwê}

}headinj dé|uvhwźuã}éué}

hv jv huhcédy iu hoŚuh`ã}i*

J uvhw nhuv}Śué`


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/2012-06-camion-truck-bus-magazin 80/84 J\WÕAIWMH]ÉU


Njcikdkugko} C:#hu jx}õ|êoyj/Õgjwkn |iahdýahoy/ =5$ nc#uvhorédy/

jv KCR }òo}ýêookcêu chooh}}

OHÊWJVÊU/NÉUVOH]NIUÒ\WÉU*

:<(―7<(―5<( RJ@Y JNÊW 8<( ÊWHD@HMCÉDY*

UVID]H CIDMHD JV ßVOH]GHD ]JOÊOAJ]Õ/

NÉUVOH]HD OÉRÝ ÊWX NHMRHVCÉDDYHO

RÊUÊWKOAJ]Õ*

RÊUÊWKOFKD Ö]NÒVGHD JV C:#HD*

Dyi}rj }jw}êu6aé}bý}ýo |éd}hni`6 1$5<―:2$5<

Ckgio6 .52#5<+9=0#=7:0/ ]ho$6 <2#77+0<=#<<1/ bjq6 <2#77+0<=#7=<

ppp$njcikdkugko}#c:$ax

▿ Jd`ko cj`êd}jdã}êu}/ dyhor#rivu`êwj éu éwh}}uéìwh rjoõ bho#néuvã}éu} rêoojo dj`y }j|juv}joj}#}jo whdmhonhvŚ mi|okcêu }jdêw$]ho$6 .52#7<+57<#2998▿ É|ÿoh}`é|éuv# éu é|ã }éuv#céwdònòn gŚo êooõ rêoojonkvêurêoojodê dkwcêo é|ÿoh}hn/ rjoj#cid} i|jwi/ wjn }êw# éu eujwdkn é#|ÿoh}hn céwdòni }hwrhvéué} é|ã#}éui hd`hméoy}hwr uvid}hd$Éwmhn oŚméu6 ]HWCK]HWR G}$]ho$6 .52#5<+185#89:2

RH@YHU

▿ @YżF]Ŝ rhddh rj`y euhwéo#dh jv hocöo} ér}ivhmhnghd né#uvÿo} né|hnh}/ nijmrêdyknj}/ wh#oinriênj} j Axd`jwkejcikd/ jvÉ\BX/ j GUVR éu j Rkoêd rêoojoj#}knwõo/ iooh}rh fêwcźrhinwŚo$Nkrêeu ]igkw/2:<< Niunxdbéoh`yaêvj/\hwevho Cõw x$ 8=$]ho$6 .52#7<+771#9<9=/H#cjio6 nkr}iL|w$ax▿ Nhwhuhc jv hmmi` ch`fhohd}Ux|hwginh cj`jvidknj}$ Euhwé#gh jx}õu cj`jvidknj} jmkn$Ckgio6 .52#5<+=8:#=27=▿ Öfuvhwź êooj|k}ö/ ajuvdêo}

dyêwi `xcin ― :88―7:8 cc uvé#ohuuéì` ― nhmrhvŚ êwkd hojmõn Uvhnuvêwmkd$Ckgio6 .52#7<+=98#85<</.52#5<+82<#179:▿ Êokcuvé|/ réw|hvumã}Ś —ck#}kwvhdh–* ― R2/ R1/ R:7/ R:2#kuck}kwajd`kn EM#d$ Eujn —ghd#vidŚwÿo}hndhn–*]ho$6 <2# =2+0=0#208/ HWDI▿ Gxuv . }hahwjx}õ !hxwõ|ji)

|wku|hn}xukn/ cj`jvidkn/ rjoj#

cid} XUJ !Cjen/ Nhdpkw}a/ \h#

}hwgio}/ Phu}hwd U}jw) }wxen |wku#

|hn}xukn/ nj}joõ`xukn/ cj`jvi#

dkn/ EM#n —ghdvidŚwÿo}hndhn–*

]ho$6 <2#=2+0=0#208/.52#0<+5<0#1080rj`y |gkq8<<L`cjio$ekc▿ Öf nhc|id` uj}hoi} miì}êoiu|wk`wjckvk}} jd}hddj hojmõ$J cźjdyj` nkbbhwgjd6 =< ec ê}#céwŚfź }êdyéw/ bhf/ nêgho/ bòomi}ê|h`yué`/ bhobk`j}êu/ ajuvdê#oj}i x}juã}êu$]ho$6 .52#5<+8=9#8552▿ Hojmõ j Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxuòuuvhu oj| fj :919$ <:#}Śo |kuv}h#whn nho/ chooén oh}hn nho éu jv Jx#}õck}kw :90=$ <:$―:91: nòvò}}inijmêuji$]ho$6 .52#7<+902#72:2

Njcikdkukn* Ckv`õuvhwriv jv kwuvê`

h`éuv }hwÿoh}éd$

PHGJU ]K HGHW U\Í EAHW êooõ bþ}éuhn !:7/ 7= R)/ öf éu ajuvdêo} néuvÿoénhn ghuvhwhoéuuho iu hojmõn$

Êooõbþ}éuhn éu njcikdkn }hofhu nòwþ hohn}wkcku fjrã }êuj j aé} cidmhd dj|fêd$

Nénhui Hw dý/ 7<5< Éwm/ Cxdnê euy Ci aêoy x$ 9:$ ]ho$6 <2#75+52=#<=1/ .52#7<+905#:180

▿ Méo#|hu}i/ =<#hu/ fõvjd éoh}ź/ch`gãvaj}õ/ |kd}ku/ G/ E/ H nj#}h`õwiêu/ NEW#Aijg jx}õmjwx#nh#vhoŚi ré`vh}}ué``ho whdmhonhvŚ/ghobòomi êwxbxrjwkvõ êooêu} rêo#}kv}j}dj nòo}òvéu cij}}$ FEG#KN rivu`êrjo iu whdmhonhvhc$ @é|#nkeui#rhvh}Śi/ ioo$ wjnkmõ`é|#nh#vhoŚi cxdnê} nhwhuhn/ uõmhw#/ak ckngêdyj/ gh}kdÿvhchoŚdyghd$]ho$6 .52#5<+702#8190▿ Gxmj|hu}i `é|nkeuirhvh}ŚMFEG KN rivu`êrjo/ `yjnkwoj}déonÿo/ ghobòomi riuvkdyoj}gjdêooêu} rêo}kv}j}dj$ !EJ/ NEW)]ho$6 .52#5<+702#8190▿ 51 érhu/ ch`gãvaj}õ/ }ògg#érhu dhcvh}nòvi }j|juv}joj}}jo/ fhohdoh` xdiõvõ njcikdku gho#bòomi éu+rj`y dhcvh}nòvi cxd#nê} nhwhu/ aé}réì |iahdŚrho$Uvénhubhaéwrêw éu nòwdyénh$]ho$6 .52#7<+9:=#1=:5▿ Dj`y }j|juv}joj}knnjo whd#mhonhvŚ 8< érhu dŚ/ né|huã}h}}nòdyrhoŚi/ nòvé|bknö wjn}êw#`jvmêonkmêui/ okìuv}inji ÿ`y#id}évŚi ré`vh}}ué``ho/ 7< érhuwjn}êwrh}h}Śi yjnkwoj}}jo êooêu}nhwhu$ !7< ér 3 7 cxdnjahoy$)]ho$6 .52#7<+581#7<:9/ H#cjio6`wj}evhwjdi}jLyjakk$ekc▿ 71 érhu bij}johcghw/ nkwoê}k#vêu déonÿoi ghobòomi éu dhcvh}nò#vi êwxbxrjwkvõ rêoojonkvõi ré`#vh}}ué``ho/ gho# éu nÿobòomi cxd#njnj|eukoj}knnjo/ }j|juv}joj}#}jo/ `yjnkwoj}}jo bxrjwkvõ# eé`rhvh}éué}/ uvjncji iwêdyã}êuê}rêoojofj$H#cjio6 jooju$iwjdyi}kLei}wkcjio$ax

FÊWCż

▿ Nÿoòdoh`hu }headinji jmk}}#uê`knnjo/ ch`ré}howh jfêdokcjv B]B dyhw`hu}/ 9 oi}hwhu R2#ku/}xwgk nkc|whuuvkwku Jooiukd

ck}kwwjo$ =<< cé}hwhd nirêoõ#jd `ykwuxo$]ho$6 .52#5<+5:8#:17:▿ Euh|ho 0<<#juakv nhwh #uhn !biq|oj}õu/ ehchd}hu/ bk#oyjménku/ |jdho uvêooã}õ) béo#|õ}nkeui}$ 28―0<#hu érhn$ 5==#huahv |kdyrê} nhwhuhn$]ho$6 .52#5<+950#5<19▿ Hojmêuwj nãdêo} ck}kwkn6 JvXwjo C 27#hu !:927) j rh}hwêdniêooã}êukn êoojdmõ wéuv}rhrŚfh!Kom ]ichw niêooã}êu ― Uycj eujw#dkn)$ Cxvhêoiu cidŚuã}éuź cź#uvjni/ bkw`joci u}g$ Êw6 : =9< <<<Axb$

Jv CV 78<+HU ]wk|ay !:90:)uvid}éd niêooã}êui mjwjg/ cxvhêoiucidŚuã}éu/ u}g$ Êw6 =9< <<< Axb

Éwm$6 @jgkw$CxfvhwLmnr#hxwk#uhwrieh$ekcCkgio6 .52#5<+987#=115▿ 7 mjwjg 5 érhu @B dyhwh`:788 cc nj|eukoêui cj`juuê#`ö rkd}j}õwj hojmõ$]ho$6 .52#5<+7:9#7292

UVKO@ÊO]J]ÊU

▿ Njcikd# éu jx}õchd}éu6ahoyuvã di `ykwu fjrã }êu !<―7=#i`)*Gkwukmi Oêuvoõ jx}õuvhwhoŚ$Ckgio6 .52#5<+9=1#=075



Gkifh Krhwgwidn aigwim ÿvhcź u|heiêoiu rhwuhdynjcikdfêrjo ujfê} hmmi#

ì/ 7<:: födixuêgjd/ j urémkwuvêì axo}ubwhmi wh|ÿoŚ}éwhd bhoêooã}k}} wh#

nkwmfji} mòd}ò}}h ch` jv X}ja#êoojcghoi phdmkrhwi nj}kdji wh|ÿoŚ}é#

whd$ Jv öf uhghuuéì whnkwm 752/800 nc+õwj/ j }jrjoyi 7:1/01 nc+õwêrjo

uvhcghd/ cã` jv :<<< cé}hwhd hoéw} uhghuué`h} :85/787 nc+õwêwj fjrã#

}k}}j/ j :87/785 nc+õwêwõo$

J RD# uvé wij joj |fj iwj é|ÿ oŚ

fêwcź j M:2#ku ck}kw éu jv I#

Uaib} rêo}õcź uvêck}}hrŚhd

cõmkuã}k}} rêo}kvj}ji} whf}i/ j

aigwim h`yué``ho h`yÿ}}$ J 7:<<

oõhwŚdyi òuuv}hofhuã}cédygŚo

éu 201< dhp}kdcé}hwhu dyk#

cj}éngõo cid}h`y 7<< oõhwŚ}

éu :7<< dhp}kdcé}hw} rioojdy#

ck}kw giv}kuã}


H ajri whf}rédyÿdn ch`bhf}éuhi jx}õgxuvku x}jvêuujo nj|eukoj}kujn$ J nhwhuv}whf}rédy ch`bhf}Śi nòvò}} j Ejcikd ]wxen"Gxu :+=érhu hoŚbivh}éué} ukwukofxn ni$ Ghnÿoméui aj}êwimŚ6 födixu 7<$ Cêfxui ch`bhf}éu6 :$ HchonhmŚd }hofhuã}cédykwihd}êo} ÿvhccõm ‧ 7$ Hek#ewxiuh ÿvhccõm j }hc|kcj}dêo ‧ 5$ @ykwu whj`êoõné|huué`$ Dyhw}huÿdn6 Bhoohì Bhwhde !Dj`ynjdivuj)$

IDBKWCÊEIÕN ÉU ÉWMHNHUUÉ@HN

AIWMH]ÝN OIU]ÊFJ RKORK AIGWIM RIOÊ@WHNKWM

▿ J`hd}u|hm Nb}$

=0$ kom$ Dhcvh}nòvi uvêooã}cêdykvêuéu rêcnhvhoéu$▿ Gxwuj]wjdu|kw}

Aê}uõ ghouŚ gkwã}õ$ J midjcinxujd

bhfoŚmŚ hxwõ|ji bxrjwgòwvh▿ Ekdrky ]wxen Uak|

1<$ kom$ ]hahw`é|fêwcź#nih`éuvã}Ś }jw}kvénkn ▿ MJB Axd`jwy Nb}$

HouŚ ghouŚ gkwã}õ$ Jv Òd dyhwhué`huué`hj ci eéoxdn ▿ Mêrim \kdyrj Whnoêc Nb}$

:5$ kom$ ]źdfòd bho fkgg u vãdghd*▿ Mho}j#]wxen Nb}$

Aê}uõ gkwã}õ$ Nò`ho}ògg rjd ghddh▿ Bij} Cj`yjwkwuvê`/ Irhek

0$/ ::$ kom$ Öf Mjioy$ Hv j cxdnj wê rêw•Bÿonéu éu mx|ojbÿonéu jorêvjn ‧ Bxw`kdkn

▿ Boihò ]wjiohw9$ kom$ Wjn}êwnéuvoh}wŚo•Öf bÿ``òdy|kdyrêu béo|õ}nkeui▿ Bok}}#]wjdu Njcikd éu Gxuv Uvhwriv

:5$ kom$ RkorkuvhwvŚmò}} |jw}dhw

▿ IJJ Ajddkrhw

1$/ :<$ éu :7$ kom$ 2= }a Id}hwdj}ikdjoCk}kw Uakp▿ IgG Axd`jwy

81$ kom$ Nòvö}i giv}kduêìnx}j}õeuk|kw}▿ Nwkdh @cgA

::$ kom$ J oh`bkd}kujgg êwxfê}

uvêooã}fj6 j nòo}uéàj}énkdyuê`k}$▿ Chwehmhu#Ghdv Axd`êwij Nb}$

5$ kom$ Jv öf Je}wku$@ykwujd J#gõo G#gh$▿ Whdjxo} ]wxenu Axd`êwij Nb}$

=:$ kom$ Whdjxo} Cj`dxcDyhwŚ nkcgidêeiõ▿ Uejdij Axd`êwij Nb}$

55$ kom$ Uvhwrivho}huuh fêwcźrhi}aé}ré`éd/ jcinkw dideu bxrjwbhojmj}xn ▿ Ueaci}v Ejw`kgxoo Cj`yjwk$ Nb}$

0$ kom$ U|hhm Exw}jid― 58 cêukm|hwe joj}} néuv j wjnkmêuwj▿ Ueapjwvcÿoohw Nb}$

:5$ kom$ Aãrfj}hwÿoh}i né|riuhoŚidnh}*

▿ Uvh`hmi Njcikdku ]joêonkvõ75$ kom$ QQII$ Njcikdku ]joêonkvõ― 7<:7$ föoixu 7<―77▿ Rkork Axd`êwij Nb}$

:$ kom$ Bxho Eajc|ikd Hmi}ikd― j bk`yjuv}êu gjfdknj

Jv öf whnkwm

|ioojdj}j i



KDRK]WX

ENUAK

KDRK

WXENUAK

EKDRKY

]WXENUAK\

UK N U VÊ V B É O H ] H W C É N N H O

RÊ W F X N

U V H C É O Y HU RJ@ Y ] H O H BK D

KU É W M H N OÝ M ÉU ß N H ]*

p p p$ek d rk y } w xe n$ a x H

# cj i o6 i dbk Lek d rk y } w xe n

$ a x

EKDRKY

]WXEN U

AK\EKDRKY

]WXEN U

AK\

EKDRKY

]WXEN U

AK\ ‧ \ ÉE U U V H D ] OÝ W I DE I Ö ] :8$ ] H O$6 0 7 + 7:8#: 15 ‧

] H O$ + BJ Q6 0 7 +5 78#8 7 <

G X MJ \ H U ] ÕEUJ I Ö ] : ―5$ ]

H O$6 7 1 0#5 7 9 0 ‧ ] H O$ + BJ Q6 7 1 0#5 7 9=

UV H@ H M/ UV H@ H M I OK@

I UV ] I NJ I NÒV \K D ] ] H O

$ + BJ Q6 2 7 += 0:# 9 2 9

M H G W HE H D GJ O CJ V Ö F RÊ WKU I Ö ] : <$ ] H O$

+ BJ Q6 8 7 +85 <# 1 75

@ YÝ W G ÉEU I Ö ] :=$ ] H O$ + B

J Q6 9 2 +5 7 1# 9 7 9

Nk c | wh u uvk wk u a þ }ý n

! Mj d bkuu nk c | whuu vk w wj o ) 7 é

r `j wj de iê rj o*

― 5< o#hu/ c x o } i b x d ne iõu h oh n

} wk d i n xu aý bk nu vj gê o y võ rj o

éu m i i }ê o iu aý cé wué n oh }# n i fh o v

ý rh o/ : 7 R. 7= R. 7 7 < R

! ―: 1 ¶E ― .: < ¶E a þ }éu i }j w }k c

ê d y ) j n n x rémh oh c/

― =< o#hu/ c x o } i

b x d ne iõu h oh n } wk d i n xu aý bk nu

vj gê o yk võ rj o

éu m i i }ê o iu aý cé wué n oh }# n i fh o vý rh

o/ : 7. 7= R. 7 7 < R

! ―: 1 ¶E ― .: < ¶E a þ }éu i }j w }k cê d y ) j n n x rémh o

h c

― :8 éu :1 o#hu/ c x o } i b x d ne iõ

u h oh n } wk d i n xu aý bk n u vj gê o yk võ#

rj o éu m i i }ê o iu aý cé wué n oh }# n i fh o vý

rh o/ : 7. 7= R

! ―: 1 ¶E ― .: < ¶E a þ }éu i }j w }k c

ê d y ) j n n x rémh oh c

― 58/8 o#hu/ ê y j oê ghé | ã } ah

}ý/ : 7. 7= R

! ― 0 ¶E ― .: < ¶E a þ }éu i }j w }k cê d y ) j n n x rémh

oh c

― 78 o#hu/ ê y j oê ghé | ã } ah }ý/ C G Je } wku a

k v/ : 7. 7= R

! < ¶E ― .: < ¶E a þ }éu i }j w }k cê d y ) j n n x rémh

oh c

rj oj c i d } 55 o#h u j g uvk w |

e iõ u a þ }ý

7= R.`ê v. 7 7 < R rj y : 7 R.`ê v. 7 7 <

R n i r i }h o gh d

N i rê oõ c i dýué þ/ h x wõ |j i x d i

õu

yê w } cê d y ö ohmhu aê }uõ oê c |j

wh dm n ã r ÿ o nhm rhvý ê wk d*

8 }k d dêu 1/ : < éu : 7 cé }h whu/

c i dýu ã }h } } wj nk cê d y wò v ã }ý n

h wýu ã }h } } rê o }k vj } gj d iu

! akuu vj g g ã }k } } wjeu d i rj o/ m x |

oj

n i o i deu c þ rh o/ ch dò rh o } u }j dmj w

m

bhu v ã }ýh wý rh o U ] B38 < < mj D )

wh dm n ã r ÿ o nhm rhvý ê wk d*

Uê w rémý ã rh n ! oj |ku }h }ýu

n i r i }h o gh d iu ) éu uê w rémý

bé o ã rh n uk n bé oh cé wh } gh d/

nhm rhvý ê wk d*

ßvh cj d yj ok |ê u#`ê } oõ j

ne iõ u ê wk d*

J v ÿ vh cj d yj }j d n ghò d }ý d y ã oêuê gj wò v ã } ah }ý/

j oh` yj nk w i g g ! 1 <#j

u ) ê } cé wý f þ }j d nuj | nê n nj o

u vh wh o } }j w }ê o yk n dê o j o nj o cj v aj }õ

Öf* N i rê oõ c i dýué þ/

ck }k wku ck v`j }êu ö

i nh w } ÿ nò w éu } ÿ nò w oj |k n

Ch wehmhu Je } wku C \5# ak v

gh rhvh }ý ê wk d*





]xmfj Òd/ ak`y ciéw} eujn wi}nêd oê} Nò`ho Ejw`k |õ}nkeui} êoodi;

Chw} ch`gãvaj}õ éu cidmi` ö}kd rjd$

}ògg rjd ghddh

#2$ÈX\E\ZC@]³KNE

<EWOEN\CME\E_³]PX_³DDÉR³XZDÊ\X_³DDÉRË@X_C×_RCÉQ³\KN\RE#×I@D(E]IZ

E_NIÈ\^@XCNQNR@D@_ÈX@\RÒDCNRň\NCEHX@CÈD^Ñ_@K@DR@RÈXN|C×DRXÈI@NQ@DÈX

XZCZDBEDÒA@DFEX_\³DFERËX³I³QED%_×\KEIÊ]Z]X_³IN#×I@DWE]R\@]@

#2$ÈX\E\ZC@]³KNE