ADP, ATP, and
Cellular Respiration
What is ATP?
Energy Used by all cells Adenosine Triphosphate
How Do We Get Energy From ATP?
By breaking off one Phosphate. This requires and enzyme called ATPase
ATP Hydrolysis
ATP Needs to Be Re-made and Recycled
To do this, and another enzyme called ATP synthase is used to reconnect a phosphate.
ATP Synthesis
ATP is Made During Cellular Respiration
Glucose is oxidized and O2 is reduced
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36-38 ATP’s
Cell Respiration happens in three stages
Glycolysis
Takes place in the Cytoplasm Anaerobic ( Does NOT use Oxygen) Requires input of 2 ATP molecules Splits Glucose into to molecules of Pyruvate
Produces 4 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 molecules of pyruvate. (Energy Carriers)
Glucose
Glycolysis
Fermentation
Aerobic Respiratio
n
ATP
ATP
No Oxygen Oxygen
Fermentation Occurs when O2 is NOT present (anaerobic)
Lactic Acid Fermentation in muscle cells (tired muscles)- converts pyruvates to lactic acid.
Alcohol Fermentation converts pyruvates to ethyl alcohol. (basics of wine and beer)
Produces 2 ATP’s
Glycolysis
Fermentation
Aerobic Respiratio
n
ATP
ATP
No Oxygen Oxygen
Stages of Cellular Respiration
When Oxygen is present!
The Krebs Cycle The Electron Transport Chain
The Mitochondria
Endosymbiosis Theory
The theory of endosymbiosis proposes that the mitochondria found in eukaryotic cells descended from ancestors of infection-causing bacteria.
Krebs Cycle/ Citric Acid Cycle
If Oxygen is present Pyruvate enters the mitochondria
Cyclical series of oxidation reactions that give off CO2 and produce 2 ATP
Produces 2 ATP’s, 3NADH, and 2 CO2
Electron Transport Chain
Occurs across inner mitochondrial membrane when oxygen is present.
34 ATP and H2O produced
Uses NADH and e- from glycolysis and Krebs cycle to create ATP’s and H2O
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36-38 ATP’s