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Page 1: All cells need ENERGY to: Digest Molecules Build Molecules Move Molecules Organize Molecules

All cells need ENERGY to:

Digest Molecules Build MoleculesMove MoleculesOrganize Molecules

Page 2: All cells need ENERGY to: Digest Molecules Build Molecules Move Molecules Organize Molecules

The form of energy cells use is CHEMICAL.

Cells’ chemical energy is found in ATP.

ATP ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE

PO

Page 3: All cells need ENERGY to: Digest Molecules Build Molecules Move Molecules Organize Molecules

ATP

ENERGY ENERGY

ADP

ATP

PO

Adenosine Triphosphate =

adenosine

POPOPO

Adenosine Diphosphate =

adenosine

POPO

Page 4: All cells need ENERGY to: Digest Molecules Build Molecules Move Molecules Organize Molecules

How does a cell obtain energy?

1.) Trapping light energy

photosynthesis = Sunlight/UV radiation → Glucose

2.) Eating other organic material

Respiration = Glucose → 36 ATP

Respiration → ATPProcess that converts, packages, changes energy into a usable form

Page 5: All cells need ENERGY to: Digest Molecules Build Molecules Move Molecules Organize Molecules

Light Energy

Electromagnetic Spectrum

http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/photosynth/electro.html
Page 6: All cells need ENERGY to: Digest Molecules Build Molecules Move Molecules Organize Molecules

Light Energy

Bacteria Experiment with Photosynthesis

http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/photosynth/action.html
http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/photosynth/action.html
Page 7: All cells need ENERGY to: Digest Molecules Build Molecules Move Molecules Organize Molecules

Quick Quiz!! Which condition will allow a plant to grow the best?

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A. Yellow lightB. Blue lightC. Orange lightD. Green lightE. Red lightF. Violet lightG. White lightH. Black light

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Page 8: All cells need ENERGY to: Digest Molecules Build Molecules Move Molecules Organize Molecules

Structure of a chlorplast

http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/photosynth/chloroplast.html
http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/photosynth/chloroplast.html
http://www.wellesley.edu/Biology/Courses/Plant/chloro.html
http://www.biologyreference.com/Ce-Co/Chloroplast.html
http://year12biologyatsmc.wikispaces.com/Chloroplast
Page 9: All cells need ENERGY to: Digest Molecules Build Molecules Move Molecules Organize Molecules

Photosynthesis – capturing light energy

Page 10: All cells need ENERGY to: Digest Molecules Build Molecules Move Molecules Organize Molecules

Photosynthesis – Light Reactions

Page 11: All cells need ENERGY to: Digest Molecules Build Molecules Move Molecules Organize Molecules

Quick Quiz!! What is produced during the light reactions?

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A. Glucose

B. Oxygen

C. Carbon dioxide

D. sunlight

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Page 12: All cells need ENERGY to: Digest Molecules Build Molecules Move Molecules Organize Molecules

Photosynthesis – capturing light energy

Page 13: All cells need ENERGY to: Digest Molecules Build Molecules Move Molecules Organize Molecules

Photosynthesis – Dark Reactions, Calvin Cycle

Page 14: All cells need ENERGY to: Digest Molecules Build Molecules Move Molecules Organize Molecules

Quick Quiz!! Of the reactants in the Calvin Cycle, which comes from the light reactions?

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A. ATP

B. Carbon dioxide

C. Water

D. Glucose

E. PGAL

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Page 15: All cells need ENERGY to: Digest Molecules Build Molecules Move Molecules Organize Molecules

Photosynthesis – capturing light energy

Connection Between Light Dependent Rxn and Calvin Cycle

http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/photosynth/calvin1.html
http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/photosynth/calvin1.html
http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/photosynth/calvin1.html
Page 16: All cells need ENERGY to: Digest Molecules Build Molecules Move Molecules Organize Molecules

Quick Quiz!! Where does photosynthesis take place?

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A. Cytoplasm

B. Cell membrane

C. Cell wall

D. Chloroplast

E. Mitochondrion

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Page 17: All cells need ENERGY to: Digest Molecules Build Molecules Move Molecules Organize Molecules

Photosynthesis

ENERGY (sunlight)

+ 6CO2Carbon dioxide

+ 6H2O water

→ C6H12O6 glucose

+ 6O2 oxygen

Page 18: All cells need ENERGY to: Digest Molecules Build Molecules Move Molecules Organize Molecules

Photosynthesis vs. Respiration

6 CO2 + 6 H2O

Energy Changes:

Glucose (C6H12O6) + Oxygen (6 O2)

Energy

6 CO2 + 6 H2O

36 ATP

Energy

Energy

Amount of energy stored in chemical bonds

Photosynthetic cells carry on both processes’Some eukaryotic cells

All Eukarytoic cells carry on respiration

Page 19: All cells need ENERGY to: Digest Molecules Build Molecules Move Molecules Organize Molecules

Quick Quiz!! Which process occurs in fungi?

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A. Photosynthesis

B. Respiration

C. Neither

D. Both

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Page 20: All cells need ENERGY to: Digest Molecules Build Molecules Move Molecules Organize Molecules

Cellular Respiration – Releasing Chemical Energy

2 Steps in releasing energy from glucose:- Glycolysis- Respiration

(or Fermentation)

Page 21: All cells need ENERGY to: Digest Molecules Build Molecules Move Molecules Organize Molecules

Glycolysis

Glucose2 ATP

Pyruvic Acid

Energy

Pyruvic Acid

Page 22: All cells need ENERGY to: Digest Molecules Build Molecules Move Molecules Organize Molecules

Quick Quiz!! What is glycolysis?

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A. A process that splits glucose

B. A process that releases energy from chemical bonds

C. A process that creates pyruvic acid

D. All of these are true

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Page 23: All cells need ENERGY to: Digest Molecules Build Molecules Move Molecules Organize Molecules

Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)

Pyruvic Acid

CO2

Acetyl GroupCoenzyme AAcetyl CoA

Citric Acid Cycle

Acetyl Group

CO2

CO2

e- NAD+

FADFADH2

NADH

Electron Transport Chain

e-

EnergyADP34 ATP

+ H+ + ½ O2 = H2O

Cristae

Matrix

Page 24: All cells need ENERGY to: Digest Molecules Build Molecules Move Molecules Organize Molecules

Quick Quiz!! Where does the electron go after passing through the electron transport

chain?

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A. Water

B. ATP

C. glucose

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Page 25: All cells need ENERGY to: Digest Molecules Build Molecules Move Molecules Organize Molecules

Respiration

+ ENERGY (ATP and Heat)

6CO2Carbon dioxide

+ 6H2O water

→C6H12O6 glucose

+ 6O2 oxygen

Page 26: All cells need ENERGY to: Digest Molecules Build Molecules Move Molecules Organize Molecules

LightReactions

ElectronTransport

Chain

Glycolysis

DarkReactions

C6H12O6

Simple Sugar

Containing stored

Chemical energy

NADPHH+

ATP

6H20 6O2 CO2

~36 ATP

Citric AcidCycle

Chloroplast

Mitochondrion

Cytoplasm

Page 27: All cells need ENERGY to: Digest Molecules Build Molecules Move Molecules Organize Molecules

Review - Photosynthesis

Goal: To trap UV energy into chemical energy = GLUCOSELocation: Chloroplast in photosynthetic cells

Steps:1) Light is absorbed within the photosynthetic membranes

(chlorophyll of photosystem I and photosystem II.)Water is split

2) High energy electrons produced through the absorption of UV light are passed down an electron transport chain.

3) As energy is lost from electrons, NADPH and ATP are produced through the conversion of energy into chemical bonds in those molecules.

4) ATP and NADPH are used in the CALVIN CYCLE to convert CO2 to glucose (1 carbon compound into a 6 carbon compound)

Page 28: All cells need ENERGY to: Digest Molecules Build Molecules Move Molecules Organize Molecules

RespirationGoal: To convert chemical (food) energy into small packages so that usage can be efficient and least amount possible is lost as heatLocation: Mitochondria in all eukaryotic cellsSteps:1) Glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid (3 carbon compound) outside of the

mitochondrial membrane…without oxygen…ANEROBIC PROCESS. Pyruvic Acid converts to an acetyl group (2 carbon compound).

2) Acetyl group gets picked up by Coenzyme A and is transported to the Krebs Cycle

3) The cycle pulls apart high energy bonds left after glycolysis and releases electrons.

4) High energy electrons are delivered to the ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN. Their energy is reduced to produce ATP.

5) Energy depleted electrons combine with oxygen and hydrogen to form water.

Page 29: All cells need ENERGY to: Digest Molecules Build Molecules Move Molecules Organize Molecules

Quick Quiz!! What is missing from this formula?

C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

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A. Glucose

B. Carbon dioxide

C. Oxygen

D. Water

E. Heat

Page 30: All cells need ENERGY to: Digest Molecules Build Molecules Move Molecules Organize Molecules

Summary

Glucose

Glycolysis

Pyruvic Acid

Krebs Cycle

Electron Transport Chain

2 ATP

2 ATP

32 ATP

Grand Total:36 ATP

Page 31: All cells need ENERGY to: Digest Molecules Build Molecules Move Molecules Organize Molecules

Anaerobic CyclesWhen you are out of oxygen you resort to anaerobic cycles

Glucose

Pyruvic Acid

Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation

2 molecules of ATPCarbon DioxideLactic AcidEx. Muscle cells

2 molecules of ATPCarbon DioxideAlcoholEx. Yeast, microorganisms

Page 32: All cells need ENERGY to: Digest Molecules Build Molecules Move Molecules Organize Molecules

Quick Quiz!! What is the key difference between cellular respiration and

fermentation?

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A. Fermentation creates much less ATP.

B. Respiration is less efficient.

C. Fermentation is used more frequently in animal cells.


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