The Cold War [1945-1991]: An Ideological Struggle
Soviet & Eastern Bloc
Nations[“Iron Curtain”]
US & the Western
Democracies
GOAL spread world-wide Communism
GOAL “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world.[George Kennan]METHODOLOGIES:
1. Espionage [KGB vs. CIA]
2. Arms Race [nuclear escalation]
3. Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy] “proxy wars”
4. Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]
The Division of Berlin
The Bipolarization of Europe
George Kennan: CONTAINMENT
Goals Means Actual Application
1.Restorationof the balance of power
2.Reduction of Soviet ability to project outside power.
Encouragement of self-confidence in nations threatened by Soviet expansion.
Exploitation of tensions in international communism.
Long-term program of U.S. economic assistance [Marshall Plan]
Cooperation with communist regimes; [supporting Titoism in Yugoslavia]
http://www.blackbird.vcu.edu/v10n1/gallery/federal_civil_defense
3.Modification of the Soviet concept of international relations.
Negotiating settlement of outstanding differences.
Using “carrots & sticks’ (rewards & punishments to induce behavior); containing Germany with an embrace and Russia at arms length.
George Kennan: CONTAINMENT
Goals Means Actual Application
National Defense Budget [1940-1964]
Ruled by Japan from 1910-WWII
After WWII divided at 38th Parallel, Korea not part of decision
Soviet-controlled North & U.S.-controlled South
Did not hold free elections
Escalation & border skirmishes
W/ absence of Soviet Union, UN passed resolution for military intervention Mostly U.S. troops (more than 80%)
20 other countries provided troops
Korean War
[1950-1953]
Korean War[1950-1953]
Syngman Rhee
Kim Il-Sung
“Domino Theory”
The Shifting Map of Korea[1950-1953]
1945—End of WWII
1946—Atomic testing in Bikini Islands; Kennan’s “Long Telegram”
1947—Truman Doctrine
1948—Truman was election surprisingly; Berlin Airlift
1949—Stalin ends blockade; Soviets test atomic bomb
1950—Korean War begins
1952—Eisenhower elected President
1953—Korean War ends
Recommended
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