Cell OrganellesCell Organelles

© J Beauchemin 2006© J Beauchemin 2006

Cell OrganellesCell Organelles OrganelleOrganelle= “little = “little

organ”organ” Found only inside Found only inside

eukaryotic cellseukaryotic cells All the stuff in All the stuff in

between the between the organelles is organelles is cytoplasm.cytoplasm.

Cell MembraneCell Membrane Also known as plasma membraneAlso known as plasma membrane Boundary of the cellBoundary of the cell Made of a phosphoMade of a phospholipidlipid bibilayerlayer

Cytoskeleton & Cytoskeleton & CentrioleCentriole

Acts as Acts as skeletonskeleton and and musclemuscle

Provides shape and Provides shape and structurestructure

Helps move Helps move organelles around the organelles around the cellcell

Aids in cell divisionAids in cell division Usually found only in Usually found only in

animal cellsanimal cells Made of Made of

microtubulesmicrotubules

Endoplasmic Endoplasmic ReticulumReticulum

A.k.a. “ER”A.k.a. “ER” Connected to Connected to

nuclear membranenuclear membrane Highway of the cellHighway of the cell Rough ERRough ER: studded : studded

with ribosomes; it with ribosomes; it makes proteinsmakes proteins

Smooth ERSmooth ER: no : no ribosomes; it makes ribosomes; it makes lipidslipids

RibosomeRibosome Site of protein Site of protein

synthesissynthesis Found attached to Found attached to

rough ER or floating rough ER or floating free in cytoplasmfree in cytoplasm

Produced in a part of Produced in a part of the nucleus called the nucleus called the the nucleolusnucleolus

That looks familiar…what is a That looks familiar…what is a polypeptidepolypeptide??

Golgi ApparatusGolgi Apparatus Looks like a stack of Looks like a stack of

platesplates Stores, modifies Stores, modifies

and packages and packages proteinsproteins

Molecules Molecules transported to and transported to and from the Golgi by from the Golgi by means of means of vesiclesvesicles

LysosomesLysosomes Garbage disposal Garbage disposal

of the cellof the cell Contain digestive Contain digestive

enzymes that enzymes that break down break down wasteswastes

MitochondriaMitochondria ““Powerhouse of the Powerhouse of the

cell”cell” Cellular respirationCellular respiration

occurs here to release occurs here to release energy for the cell to energy for the cell to useuse

Bound by a double Bound by a double membranemembrane

Has its own strand of Has its own strand of DNADNA

NucleusNucleus Control center of the Control center of the

cellcell Contains Contains DNADNA Surrounded by a Surrounded by a

double membranedouble membrane Usually the easiest Usually the easiest

organelle to see under organelle to see under a microscopea microscope

Usually one per cellUsually one per cell

ChloroplastChloroplast Found only in plant Found only in plant

cellscells Contains the green Contains the green

pigment pigment chlorophyllchlorophyll Site of food (Site of food (glucoseglucose) )

productionproduction Bound by a double Bound by a double

membranemembrane

Cell WallCell Wall Found in Found in plantplant and and

bacterialbacterial cells cells Rigid, protective Rigid, protective

barrierbarrier Located Located outsideoutside of of

the cell membranethe cell membrane Made of cellulose Made of cellulose

((fiberfiber))

VacuolesVacuoles Large Large centralcentral vacuole vacuole

usually in usually in plantplant cells cells Many smaller Many smaller

vacuoles in vacuoles in animalanimal cellscells

Storage container for Storage container for water, food, water, food, enzymesenzymes, , wastes, pigments, etc.wastes, pigments, etc.