ATP Production from One Molecule of Glucose
Oxidation of glucoseC6H12O6 (s) + 6 O2 (g) → 6 CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (l) + heat
The following steps are required for Cellular Respiration
1. GLYCOLYSIS- the “splitting of sugar” glucose is converted to pyruvic acid Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 Pi + 2 ADP → 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 ATP + 2
H+ + 2 H2O + heat cytosol/cytoplasm anaerobic respiration uses
o 2 ATP o 2 NAD+ and 2 Pi
o 2 NADH and 2H+
o 4 ADP yields
o 2 pyruvate (pyruvic acid)o 2 NADH (electron carriers)o 4 ATP (2 net ATP because 2 are used to begin glycolysis)
2. TRANSITION REACTION-connects glycolysis to the Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle/Tricarboxylic Acid
Pyruvic acid is converted to acetyl CoA mitochondrial matrix aerobic respiration uses
o 2 NAD+
o 2 CoA yields
o 2 NADHo 2 Acetyl CoAo 2 H+
o 2 CO2
o 2 ATP
3. KREBS CYCLE--CITRIC ACID CYCLE--TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE
mitochondrial matrix aerobic respiration uses
o 6 NAD+
o 2 FADo 2 GDP and 2 Pi
o 2 ADP yields
o 6 NADH and 6 H+
o 2 FADH2
o 2 ATPo 2 GTP
4. ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM (ETS) mitochondrial cristae aerobic respiration most ATP is created here Total yields
o glycolysis --------------2 NADH yield 4 ATP (2 net)o transition reaction ----2 NADH yield 6 ATPo Krebs cycle ----------- 6 NADH yield 18 ATPo Krebs cycle ----------- 2 FADH2 yield 4 ATP
TOTAL 38 ATP
Total net ATP production of Cellular Respiration (Anaerobic + Aerobic) = 36
Inferior vena cavaRight atriumRight AV valve/tricuspidVentricular filling done-diastole
Insulin promotes cellular uptake of glucose and other nutrients
Bicep originates at the humeral headInserts at the Dorsal afferent sensory- to the brainVentral efferent motor- to the body
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