2007-2008

Cellular RespirationHarvesting Chemical Energy

ATP

Energy needs of life• Animals are energy consumers– What do we need energy for?• ____________________________• ____________________________• ____________________________• ____________________________• ____________________________

Where do we get energy?• Energy is stored in organic molecules– _______________________________________

• Animals eat these organic molecules – digest food to get

• _______________________________________________• _______________________________________________– _______________________________________________

2007-2008

ATP

What is energy in biology?

Whoa! HOT stuff!

Adenosine TriPhosphate

Harvesting energy stored in food• ________________________________– ________________________________• ______________________• ______________________

– “aerobic” respiration

– usually digesting glucose• but could be other sugars,

fats, or proteins

C6H12O6 6O2 ATP 6CO2 6H2O+ + +

_______ + _______ _______ + _______ + _______ _______

O2

food ATP

What do we need to make energy?• The “Furnace” for making energy– ___________________

• Fuel– ______: carbohydrates, fats, proteins

• Helpers– ___________________– ___________________

• Product– ___________________

• Waste products– ___________________

• then used by plants– ___________________

O2

food

ATP

Make ATP!Make ATP!All I do all day…And no oneeven notices!

enzymes

CO2 H2O

Mitochondria are everywhere!!animal cells plant cells

CO2 + H2O + heatfuel(carbohydrates)

O2

“Burn fuels” to make energycombustionmaking heat energy by burning fuels in one step

ATP

ATP + CO2 + H2O (+ heat)

________________________making ATP energy (& some heat) by burning fuels in many small steps

food(carbohydrates)

O2

Using ATP to do work?

A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs per second

Can’t store ATP Too only used in

Only carbohydrates & fats are

long term energy storage

ATP

_________

work

Whoa! Pass me theglucose & oxygen!

Adenosine DiPhosphate

Adenosine TriPhosphate

A Body’s Energy Budget

eatfood

(building)

• energy needed even at rest

• activity• temperature

control{• growth• reproduction• repair{• glycogen

(animal starch)• fat{

1

2

3

ATP

What if oxygen is missing?• No oxygen available = can’t complete

aerobic respiration• ___________________________– also known as ______________• ____________________________• ____________________________

– no oxygen or no mitochondria (bacteria)

– can only make very

– large animals cannot

O2

yeast

bacteria

Anaerobic Respiration• _________________________– ________________________• yeast– _______________________________– make beer, wine, bread

– ________________________• bacteria, animals– _______________________________– bacteria make yogurt– animals feel muscle fatigue

O2

Tastes good…but not enoughenergy for me!

Light Energy

• Light travels in ________• _____________ is the distance from 1 crest to

another crest

Visible Light Spectrum• A small portion of all the possible wavelengths• Sunlight is called “_______ light”• If you put white light through a prism you get?– All the colors of the rainbow, This is known as the– ________ ________

Light Particles

• Each particle of light is called a _____• The shorter the wavelength, the more

energy it has

Violet Red

ENERGY

• Pigment–A Substance that _________ light

• You only see the light waves that are _______ off a substance

• All the other light waves are absorbed by the substance

Colorblindness Test

What color blind people see:

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/lightandcolor/humanvisionintro.html

Online Test

• http://colorvisiontesting.com/online%20test.htm

Think…

• Why do leaves change color in the fall?

Photosynthetic Pigments

• There are photosynthetic pigments in each chloroplast

• Chlorophyll a– Primary photosynthetic pigment– Absorbs all light waves

• Chlorophyll b, Carotenes, & xanthophylls– Absorbs all light waves but red, yellow, and orange– Absorb light and

Chromatography• Separating

Chromatography of Spinach

So why are leaves green?

• There is A LOT more chlorophyll ____• So it hides the other pigments and the leaf

appears _______

So why do leaves change colors?

• In spring and summer time– Leaves have chlorophyll a & b, carotenes, &

xanthophylls– All colors except most green is absorbed

• But during the fall– Chlorophyll a _______ cells– Only Chlorophyll b, carotene, & xanthophyll is left– Leaves __________ orange, yellow, or red

2008-2009

Photosynthesis:Life from Light and Air

Plants are energy producers• Like animals, plants need energy to live• Unlike animals, plants don’t need to eat

food to make that energy• _____________________________– _____________________________– _____________________________

How do plants make energy & food?• Plants use the energy from the sun– _____________________________– _____________________________• glucose, sucrose, cellulose, starch, & more

sun

ATP

sugars

H2O

Building plants from sunlight & air• Photosynthesis– 2 separate processes– _______________________• collect sun energy• use it to make ATP

– _______________________• take the ATP energy• collect CO2 from air &

H2O from ground• use all to build sugars

ATP

sun

sugars

+

carbon dioxideCO2

sugarsC6H12O6

CO2

waterH2O+

Using light & air to grow plants

6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2sunenergy

+ ++

glucose + oxygencarbondioxide

sunenergy+ water +

(ATP) = used to build the sugar

• ______________________________________– ______________________________________– ______________________________________– ______________________________________– ______________________________________– ______________________________________

• ______________________

What do plants need to grow?• The “factory” for making

energy & sugars– __________________

• Fuels– __________________– __________________– __________________

• The Helpers– __________________ sugars

ATP

Make ATP!Make sugar!I can do it all…And no oneeven notices!

enzymes

sun

H2O

CO2

H2O

Photosynthesis

_______ _______ _______

_______ _______ _______

ATPADP

CO2sugar

sun

used immediatelyto synthesize sugars

Chloroplasts are only in plantsanimal cells

plant cells

Chloroplasts

Chloroplastsin cell

Leaf

Leaves

Chloroplast

__________________________

__________________________

ChloroplastscontainChlorophyll

CO2

_______________

sun

• Bring In– ___________– ___________– ___________

• Let Out– ___________

• Move Around– ___________

So what does a plant need?

6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2lightenergy + ++

roots

shoot

leaves

Leaf Structure

(sugar) (water)

(vein)

Leaf Structure

Transpiration• Water evaporates from the

stomates in the leaves– pulls water up from roots

• water molecules stick to each other

– more water is pulled up tree from ground

Transpiration

H2O CO2

CO2O2

H2O

xylem (water)

stomate guardcells

O2

CO2 in O2 out water out

so it gets to leaves from roots

Function of Leaf Structures• Cuticle– ________________________________________

• Epidermis– ________________________________________

• Palisades layer– ________________________________________

• ________________________________________– ________________________________________

• ________________________________________• Spongy layer– ________________________________________

• ________________________________________– ________________________________________

Stomates & Guard Cells • __________________________________

– ______________________________– ______________________________– ______________________________

• gets to leaves for photosynthesis• __________________________________

– ______________________________guard cell

stomate

Guard cells & Homeostasis• Homeostasis– keeping the internal environment

of the plant balanced

• ________________________– ________________________

• ________________________– ________________________

• ________________________– ________________________

• ________________________• ________________________– ________________________

Xylem______________________

Phloem: food-conducting cells

____________________________________________________________ __________________ __________________ __________________

How are they connected?

glucose + oxygen carbon + water + energydioxide

C6H12O6 6O2 6CO2 6H2O ATP+ + +

________________

_________________

6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2lightenergy + ++

glucose + oxygencarbondioxide

sunenergy+ water +

H2O

Energy cycle

Cellular Respiration

sun

The Great Circleof Life!Where’s Mufasa?

O2CO2

____________________

____________________

ATP

Cellular Respiration

H2O

Energy cycle

____________________ _______

O2CO2

synthesis

capturelight energy

digestion

releasechemical energy ATP

_____________________

Cellular Respiration

____________________

____________________

Cellular Respiration

The poetic perspective• All of the solid material of every plant

was built out of thin air• All of the solid material of every animal was

built from plant material

Then all the cats, dogs, mice, people & elephants…are really strands of air woven together by sunlight!

sunair

2008-2009

Got the energy…Ask Questions!!