Ch. 9 Cellular RespirationThe breakdown of food molecules to release energy to the cell.

Connection between photosynthesis andcellular respiration

In cellular respiration it is NADH NOT NADPH!

Anaerobic respiration: 2 kinds

Anaerobic respiration is used in wine-making

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

• 1. Glycolysis: Glucose is broken

cytoplasm

• 2. Transition Reaction: Convert pyruvate to AcetylCoA

• 3. Krebs Cycle: Produce most NADH and FADH2

• 4. Electron Transport Chain: Convert NADH and FADH2 to ATP

Glycolysis: breaking glucose into pyruvate occurs in cytoplasm

Transition Reaction: converts pyruvate to acetylcoAoccurs in intermembrane space of mitochondria

Substrate-level phosphorylation: when ATPsynthase makes ATP

General Summary of Krebs cycle (Know your blue sheet!)Occurs in matrix of mitochondria

Electron Transport Chain: converts NADH and FADH2 to ATPoccurs in cristae

Ch. 40,44 Metabolism

Strategies for Body Temperature

• Endotherm: most body heat obtained internally (from metabolism)

• Endotherms tend to be homeotherms (maintain a constant body temperature)

• Ectotherms: most body heat obtained externally (from environment)

• Ectotherms tend to be poikilotherms (allow body temperature to fluctuate with environmental temperature)

Modes of Heat Loss and Gain

Radiation: heat loss or gain by a difference in body temperature and the environmentConduction: heat loss or gain by direct contact with an objectConvection: heat loss or gain by wind or water currentsEvaporation: heat loss only, cooling mechanism

Body Temp = Heat Produced + Heat Gained – Heat Lost

(By Metabolism) (From Environment) (To Environment)

Temperature Tolerances

CTmin

CTmax

Torpor: Hummingbirds

Body temperature and oxygenconsumption (red line) are highwhen hummingbirds are activeduring the day but may drop to 1/20 these levels during periodsof food shortage.

Dawn Dusk

Osmoregulation: salt and water balance

What does osmoregulation for us?

Water Balance In The K-Rat

Special adaptations: Kangaroo rats

Excretion of nitrogenous wastes