Chapter #12 World War I The Spark l Archduke Francis Ferdinand is assassinated sending Austria-Hungary and Serbia into war. Causes of World War I Imperialism Competition for land to conflict among European powers. Militarism Building up armed forces. Giving military more authority over government and foreign policy. Causes of World War I Nationalism l Inspired powers of Europe to act in their own interests. l Emerged as ethnic minorities within larger nations sought self-government. Causes of World War I Alliances Complicated system of alliances, European nations had pledged to come to one anothers aid if attacked. The War in Europe, 19141918 When Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, the complex alliance system in Europe drew much of the continent into the conflict. Europe Erupts Into War l Germany and Austria- Hungary formed the Central Powers l Russia, France, Serbia, and Great Britain were called the Allies. Stalemate l By September 1914, the war had reached a stalemate. l Trench Warfare -both sides dig in. Modern Warfare l Machine guns, hand grenades, artillery shells, and poison gas killed thousands. l Generals had to change tactics US Neutrality l The US traded with both sides--made some cash. l America begins preparing for warcalled preparedness. Which of the following was a cause of World War I? (A)Rising nationalism in European nations (B)Decrease in militarism among European powers (C)Pro-German propaganda in Britain (D)United States support of the Central Powers Which of the following was a cause of World War I? (A)Rising nationalism in European nations (B)Decrease in militarism among European powers (C)Pro-German propaganda in Britain (D)United States support of the Central Powers Why did the United States proclaim its neutrality in August 1914? (A)To please supporters of both sides (B)To protect its overseas investments (C)To allow time for preparedness (D)To aid Great Britain Why did the United States proclaim its neutrality in August 1914? (A)To please supporters of both sides (B)To protect its overseas investments (C)To allow time for preparedness (D)To aid Great Britain German Submarine Warfare l Germans begin to use U- Boats to break stalemate. l New Weaponmany thought in was uncivilized l Sub video Reasons US Fights l Sinking of Lusitania-128 Americans die. l Germany had warned US citizens not to travel on British ships, 128 did not listen. Reasons US Fights l Germany promises they will not sink any unarmed ship. l Keeps peace with US temporarily. Reasons US Fights l Zimmermann Note-- l Germany promises territory in SW US (TX, NM, AZ) to Mexico if they would attack US. Reasons US Fights l Peace efforts by Wilson fail. l Called for a peace without victory l Germany rejects, begins unrestricted submarine warfare. US Goes To War l April, 2, Wilson ask Congress for declaration of war. War Aim- Make the world safe for democracy. Military Strength, 1914 CHART Chart: Military Strength 1914 Women Used In Recruitment Hello, Big Boy! U. S. School Garden Army The Most Famous Recruitment Poster The Mad Brute The Menace of the Seas l Which event sparked World War I? l a.the sinking of the Lusitania l b.the German-French dispute over Alsace- Lorraine l c.Russias quest for a warm-water port l d.the assassination of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne l Which country actively encouraged anti-German feeling in the United States? l a.Mexico l b.Great Britain l c.Russia l d.Austria-Hungary l Which of the following was a major factor in the United States decision to enter World War I? l a.Britains naval blockade of Germany l b.Germanys unrestricted submarine warfare l c.Vladimir Lenins rise to power in Russia l d.Frances fall to the Central Powers An underlying cause of World War I was l a.the ongoing dispute over the convoy system. l b.the web of alliances European nations created for their defense. l c.an alliance between the autocratic rulers of Germany and Russia. l d.American insistence on neutrality. Under the terms of the Sussex pledge, the German government promised that l a.the German navy would not attack any American ships. l b.German ships would not blockade Britain and France. l c.German U-boats would warn ships before attacking. l d.the German army would never invade Russia. What was Wilson's war aim when he asked Congress to declare war on Germany? l a."To make the world safe for Democracy." l b.To conquer the Germans and make them pay for their aggression. l c.To use sea power to bring the German Government to its knees. l d."To make the world safe for the introduction of socialism" What was the position of the United States at the beginning of WWI? l a.Pro-Central Powers.. l b.Pro-Titians. l c.Pro-Allies l d.Neutrality. What was the Zimmermann note? l a.A letter of recognition that Germany had lost the war. l b.Germany said that if Mexico would attack US, then Germany would give Mexico back the land lost in the Mexican/ American war. l c.An admission of guilt on the part of Germany. l d.None of the above. What was Wilson's "peace without victory?" l a.Wilson's peace plan to help the Allies win the war without winning on the battlefield. l b.Wilson's peace plan to do nothing, and let the other side get tired, then you would win. l c.Wilson's peace plan to put an end to the fighting without either side winning. l d.Wilson's peace plan that ended the war in 1918. Which of the following weapons were used for the first time in WWI? l a.Tanks.c.Machine Guns. l b.Gas.d.All of the above. The US at War l Aircraft was used for the first time in war. Allied Aircraft l Germanys most famous fighter the Red Baron Red Barron Crashes Dirigibles were also used to spy on the enemy. New Kind of War l Machine guns changed how wars were fought. l These guns were the reasons the casualties were so heavy on both sides. Machine Gun Crew Two Man Machine Gun Crew Both sides used dogs and pigeons to communicate Dog Message Carrier Gas.dog Gas is used for the first time in war. gas l Soldiers had to use mask and special protection. Gas masked soldiers l Mustard gas burned. l Chloride suffocated its victims. l Naval warfare becomes more sophisticated. Battle Ship pic German U-Boat Transparency: German U-Boat TRANSPARENCY German U-Boats had a huge impact. Destruction And Death Dead British l Dead British l Dead Germans The War to End All Wars The US at War l US loses 48,000 in WWI. l An additional 55,000 to disease. Military Casualties The End of the War l Germany surrenders-- 11th month, on the 11th day at the 11th hour. l Versailles Treaty--it was to determine peace terms. Results of the Versailles Treaty l Nine new nations formed. l Germany to pay 56 billion in war reparations. Wilsonian diplomacy l 14 Points- At the peace conference, Wilson made concessions on his first 13 points to get the League of Nations passed. (14 th Point) The Treatys Failure l Failed to establish any sort of lasting peace. l US never joins the League of Nations. Europe After WWI Map