Chapter 17.3 pgs. 403-Chapter 17.3 pgs. 403-407407

What events led to the outbreak of war?

Section 1

Democrats hold convention in April 1860, Charleston, SC. – only few weeks before Republicans nominated Lincoln

Northern and Southern Democrats differ on slavery issue

Southerners wanted the party to defend slavery Northerners wanted the party to support popular

sovereignty

Sect. 1

Northerners win the platform(party’s statement of beliefs)vote

This caused 50 Southern delegates to walk out of the convention

Remaining delegates tried to nominate Stephen A. Douglas – the Southerners left there would not support Douglas because of his support for popular sovereignty

Sect. 1

Douglas could not win enough support to gain the nomination

Democrats reconvene at Baltimore in June Northerners and Southerners still disagree Meeting barely gets started and most

Southerners walk out

Sect. 1

Democrats nominate two candidates for election

Northerners – Stephen A. Douglas Southerners – John Breckinridge of

Kentucky (current Vice-Pres also supporter of slavery)

Sect. 1

Is also Constitutional Union Party made up former Whigs and Know Nothing members who couldn’t support either party whose main goal was to preserve the Union

CUP nominates – John Bell of Tennessee Four candidates for the election of 1860 Lincoln, Douglas, Breckinridge, Bell

Sect. 1

Goals of parties Republicans – slavery stay out of territories, gain

support in North and West, favored tariffs, free land for Western settlers, and construction of RR to the Pacific

CUP – conserve Union N. Dem.-- Popular sovereignty S. Dem. -- Slavery

Sect. 1 Questions

What issue split the Democratic Party? What was unusual about the number of

candidates for president in 1860? What was the aim of the Constitutional

Union Party?

Section 2

The Election of 1860 Turned into two different races for the

presidency One in the North and one in the South Lincoln and Douglas had most of Northern

support and Breckinridge and Bell competed in the South

Sect. 2

Lincoln and Breckinridge had the most extreme views on slavery

Lincoln opposed expansion of slavery into the territories

Breckinridge insisted the federal gov’t be required to protect slavery in any territory

Douglas and Bell were moderates because they didn’t want the federal gov’t to pass new laws on slavery

Sect. 2

Outcome of election proved nation was tired of compromise

Lincoln defeated Douglas in the North Breckinridge carried most of South Douglas and Bell managed to win only in

the states between North and Deep South Lincoln wins the election due to the North

having more people in it than the South

Sect. 2

Also, support for his rivals was spread out Lincoln’s victory alarms many in South Despite Lincoln’s statements that he would do

nothing to abolish slavery in the South, many Southerners mistrusted him they feared he along with the Republicans would move to ban slavery

So much so he didn’t even win a single southern state

Many didn’t even put his name on the ballot

Sect. 2

Lincoln Profile Born February 12, 1809 in Kentucky Grew up on Indiana frontier Was a lawyer, he split rails, worked flatboats, and

tended store Educated himself by reading by firelight at night Nicknamed “Honest Abe” due to his fairness and

clear thinking in politics

Sect. 2

Lincoln had a keen sense of humor Hated slavery, but not an abolitionist Didn’t want to interfere with South and slavery

there but did believe Western territories should remain free

Key events: Civil War, Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg Address, Kansas, West Virginia, and Nevada become states

Assassinated in office April 14, 1865

Sect. 2

Map work Which states were won by Lincoln By Douglas By Breckinridge By Bell Which state voted for Lincoln and Douglas

and who won the state and by what count

Sect. 2 Questions

How did Breckinridge’s stance on the expansion of slavery in the territories differ from Lincoln’s?

Why were Douglas and Bell thought to be moderates?

What did Southerners fear Lincoln would do after the election?

Section 3

Before the 1860 election many Southerners warned if Lincoln won, they would secede

They based their arguments on the idea of states’ rights

They felt states had voluntarily joined the Union, therefore they also had the right to leave the Union

Sect. 3

Not all Southerners believed they should secede Senator John J. Crittenden of Kentucky proposed

a compromise plan in early December known as the Crittenden Plan

He proposed extending the Missouri Compromise Line to the Pacific, area above free, below slave

He even proposed an unamendable amendment to the Constitution that would guarantee forever the right to hold slaves in states south of the line

Sect. 3

Bill received little support Southerners believe the North would put an

abolitionist in the White House Slavery in the West was no longer an issue Most Republicans were unwilling to surrender

what they had won in the election Southerners felt secession was only way to go

Sect. 3

South begins to secede December 20, 1860 South Carolina

becomes 1st state to secede Over next 6 week period, Mississippi,

Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas also seceded

February 1861 these states met in Montgomery, AL to decide what to do

Sect. 3

They formed the Confederate States of America

Named Jefferson Davis president of the Confederacy

Also formed new government Drafted a Confederate Constitution;

modeled after the original Constitution but with some differences

Sect. 3

Confederate Constitution 1st – said within the Confederacy, each

state was sovereign and independent 2nd – Confederate Congress could not

interfere with slavery 3rd – banned tariffs on imports 4th – limited the President to a single 6 year

term

Sect. 3

Having formed the Confederacy and their own government, the Confederate States were prepared to defend their separation

Many felt war was unavoidable However, they wanted to wait to see what

the Union government would do in response

Sect. 3

Map work Name free states Name slave states loyal to Union Name Confederate States (all of them

those that seceded before and after 1861) Are there more Union or Confederate? How might this affect the outcome of the

civil war that is to come?

Sect. 3 Questions

What argument did some Southerners use to justify secession?

What were the results of the convention held by the six seceded states?

What were the six states? How was the Confederate Constitution

different from the U.S. Constitution?

Section 4

Union’s response to secession Northerners considered secession of

Southern states unconstitutional President Buchanan, who was near the end

of his term, argued against secession He believed states did not have that right He believed Federal Government not

state’s was sovereign

Sect. 4

He believed if secession were permitted, the Union would become weak, like a “rope of sand”

He believed Constitution was framed to prevent such a thing

However, he wasn’t sure how to prevent the secession. He knew if he used force war would erupt, so ultimately he did nothing to prevent it from happening

Sect. 4

With secession other issues arose like majority rules

Southerners felt Northerners would use their majority to force the South to abolish slavery

Northerners simply responded that the South did not want to abide by the rules of democracy. They claimed the South was not willing to live with the election results

Sect. 4

Everyone was anticipating Lincoln’s inauguration

They wondered what would the new President do to solve the crisis

March 4 Lincoln takes the oath of office and delivered his First Inaugural Address

Despite facing many serious troubles Lincoln hoped for peace

Sect. 4

Lincoln assured the South he had no intention of abolishing slavery

He did speak forcefully about secession Ended his speech with an appeal to friendship Lincoln would not press the South and did not want

invasion However he would not abandon the government’s

property there such as forts which needed supplies Over March and April many waited to see what Lincoln

would do Civil War here we come!!!!

Sect. 4 Questions

What was the response of the Northerners and President Buchanan to secession?

How did Lincoln try to reassure the South in his First Inaugural Address?

Secession

Secession

Wilmot Proviso

Compromise of 1850

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Election of 1860

Secession

Wilmot Proviso (1846) – Bill to outlaw slaver in territories obtained from Mexico; caused conflict in Congress between North and South

Compromise of 1850 – Laws meant to settle problem of slavery; California became free state; new fugitive slave law passed; caused conflict by failing to resolve slavery issue

Secession

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) – Law to organize Kansas and Nebraska territories; overturned Missouri Compromise; caused violence in Kansas

Election of 1860 – Lincoln elected with support only in free states; caused states in Deep South to decide to secede