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Creating Accessible PDFs

• Section 508: http://www.section508.gov/ • WCAG Draft Techniques: http://

www.w3.org/WAI/GL/WCAG20-TECHS/pdf.html

Int-Adv Document Accessibility 1/17/2013

http://www.section508.gov/

http://www.section508.gov/

http://www.w3.org/WAI/GL/WCAG20-TECHS/pdf.html

http://www.w3.org/WAI/GL/WCAG20-TECHS/pdf.html

Setting Language and Document Structure

Setting Language: File-Properties- Advanced Tab- Language

Setting Document Structure: Pages Panel-Highlight all pages-Right click on pages-Page properties- Use Document Structure

Intro to Document Accessibility 1/17/2013

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Some Common Tags• <P>: paragraph• <H1> through <H6>: Heading 1-6• <Figure>: Graphical Image• <Table>: Marks beginning of a table• <TR>: Marks beginning of Table Row• <TH>: Table Header• <TD>: Table Data• <L>: List - Marks beginning of list• <LI>: List item• <LI_Lable> The list item label• <LI_Title> The list item title• <Link>: Link• <TOC> Table of Contents• <TOCI> Table Item• <TOCI_Title> Title of the Section• <TOCI_Page> Page Number of sectionInt-Adv Document Accessibility 1/17/2013


Alt-Text

• Ensure all images that contain meaning are tagged as figures and contain meaningful alt-text.



Alt-Text



Alt-Text• How would you describe this image?



Alt-Text• How we described it:Graphical image is a chart depicting a timeline with Acquisition Steps to Ensure Agency Commitment to Programs/Projects. The following key decision points and major reviews progress as follows:Formulation :A. Pre-Program Acquisition1. ASP2. ASM3. JICB (Ongoing)Implementation:B. Program Acquisition/Program Evaluation a. Program System Requirements/ Definition reviews4. PSM

b. Preliminary Design Reviewc. Critical Design Reviewd. Systems Integration Reviewe. Operational Readiness Review

5. JCIB (Ongoing)C. Operations/Program Evaluation f. Flight Readiness Review g. Post Launch Assessment Review h. Program Status Review3. JCIB (Ongoing)D. Closeout/DecommissionNote: Acquisition Strategy and Planning is integral to Program Management and is owned by key decision makers.



Alt-Text

• Ask yourself: – Does it convey meaning?– Is it clip art, a chart, a graph, a logo, or a map?– Does the Map have a Key? Does it show points of

interest? – What type of chart or graph is it?

• Flowchart – If then statements• Timeline – Time markers• Line graph – Data points: x, y coordinates• Bar graph – Tabular information



Reading Order

• Should be left to right and top to bottom.

• Information may be presented in two column text.

• Tag in the order in which you want it to read and save often.

• Order Panel allows you to adjust reading order of contents.



Headings

• Use headings in a logical hierarchical order.

• Sub headings will be H2’s, H3’s etc.

• More Headings are located in the tag properties up to H6.



Headings



Hyperlinks

• Meaningful! (not Click ‘Here’ or “More’)• Standardize link indicators – Knowbility Home Page [www.knowbility.org]


http://www.knowbility.org/



Hyperlinks

Use the Link tool to zone link text separately, then use the link properties to set the destination URL.



Hyperlinks

• For web pages type URL exactly as seen in document

• For E-Mails address type Mailto: before E-Mail address.

Mailto:[email protected]



Hyperlinks

• Tag link text as <P> paragraph tag > right click tag and select “find unmarked links”

• Ensure Tag structure shows <Link> then <Link-OBJR> then Content Box containing link text



List Items

• List items can appear as ordered or unordered lists in the body of the document.

• Ordered Lists contain numbers or letters

• Unordered lists have bullets

• Both types of lists utilize the same tags in a PDF.



List Tags

• According to the W3C Editor’s Draft:The PDF specification defines list structure in section 14.8.4.3.3 (List Elements). The structure types for lists in PDF documents are: • L - the List tag, which contains one or more LI tags. • LI - the List Item tag. List item tags can contain LI_Label and

LI_Title tags. • LI_Label - the list item label. Contains distinguishing

information such as a item number or bullet character. • LI_Title - the list item title. Contains list item content, or in the

case of a nested list, it may contain additional List tag trees.


http://www.adobe.com/content/dam/Adobe/en/devnet/pdf/pdfs/PDF32000_2008.pdf


List Tags


Making scanned documents accessible

• Scan the document• Once the scan is complete use Document > OCR Text

Recognition > Find first OCR suspect to look for problems in the conversion.

• Correct any problems you find and repeat the process as necessary.

• Add alt text to any graphic images.• Repair the structural elementals such as reading order.• Then run the accessibility check to see if anything else needs

your attention.

Creative Commons-some Rights ReservedIntro to Document Accessibility 1/17/2013

Scanned Documents

• OCR Process: If the PDF file is a scanned image of text, an Optical Character Recognition (OCR) process must be followed.

• In Acrobat Pro 9.0 select Document > OCR Text Recognition > Recognize Text Using OCR... > then select all pages in document for conversion.

• In Acrobat Pro 11.0 Select Tools > Text Recognition > Find all Suspects > In This File > Select “All Pages”


Scanned Documents – OCR Acrobat Pro 11.0


Scanned Documents - OCR Verification

• Once OCR has been completed Tags must then be added to the document.

• Once OCR conversion is complete each tagged element must be manually checked and verified.

• If errors are found “actual text” fields in the tag properties must be updated with edited content.


Scanned Documents - Actual Text


Scanned Documents - OCR

• Once you have run OCR on the document, tags must be added.

• Demo: Letterpress sample.pdf



Module 2: Making fill-able forms accessible

• Common types of form fields:– Text Entry Field– Checkbox– Radio Button:

• Must have identical name and tooltip for single selection



Accessible Forms

Steps:1. Detect form fields automatically or add manually2. Edit form field properties3. Apply tag structure to the document 4. Associate form fields with text tags and ensure a

proper reading order



Accessible Forms - Step 1

• Detect form fields: Tools > Forms > Edit > Automatically Detect Form Fields– Not always beneficial to automatically detect form fields but may be useful for some

documents.




• Edit form fields’ properties: name and tooltip, add additional form fields where necessary.




• Apply tag structure to the document with tags from Tools > Accessibility > Touch up reading order




• Associate form fields with text tags and ensure a proper reading order– Find tag from selection > find

unmarked annotations



Accessible Forms

• Demo Accessible Forms


Testing in JAWS

• Common hot keys:– Insert + f5 : Show list of forms– Insert + f6 : show list of headings– Insert + f7 : show list of links– Insert + z : turn on quick keys– Arrow keys : navigate within page– H or shift + H : Navigate by heading– T or shift + T : Navigate by table– Ctrl+alt+arrow keys : Navigate within a table


Thank-you

• Presented by: Kirk [email protected]

Knowbility.orghttp://www.knowbility.org


mailto:[email protected]


