What is Cyber crime ?

Cyber crime is a crime committed over the Internet.

It could be against the government, property and against any person in various forms.

The law enforcement agencies are facing difficulties in dealing with cyber crime.

In India, Information Technology Act, 2000 is the

legislation that deals with issue related to cyber crime.

HISTORY

The first recorded cyber crime took place in the year 1820 in FRANCE

Joseph-Marie Jacquard, a textile manufacturer in France, produced the loom

This device allowed the repetition of a series of steps in the weaving of special fabrics.

This resulted in a fear amongst employees that their tradiotional employment was being threatened

They committed acts of sabotage(Destruction of property or obstruction of normal operations, as by civilians or enemy agents in time of war.) to discourge further use of the new technology

Introduction

Advancements in modern technology have helped countries develop and expand their communication networks, enabling faster and easier networking and information exchange.

Currently, there are nearly 2 billion internet users and over 5 billion mobile phone connections worldwide.

Every day, 294 billion emails and 5 billion phone messages are exchanged.

As businesses and societies in general increasingly rely on computers and internet-based networking, cyber crime and digital attack incidents have increased around the world.

These attacks — generally classified as any crime that involves the use of a computer network — include financial scams, computer hacking, downloading pornographic images from the internet, virus attacks, e-mail stalking and creating websites that promote racial hatred.

The first major instance of cyber crime was

reported in 2000, when a mass-mailed

computer virus affected nearly 45 million

computer users worldwide

In 2011, at least 2.3 billion people, the

equivalent of more than one third of the

world’s total population, had access to the

internet

Over 60 per cent of all internet users are in

developing countries, with 45 per cent of all

internet users below the age of 25 years.

In the hyperconnected world of tomorrow, it

will become hard to imagine a ‘computer

crime’, and perhaps any crime, that does not

involve electronic evidence linked with

internet protocol (IP) connectivity.

In 2009, the cost of information lost to cyber

crime nearly doubled, from US$265 million in

2008 to US$560 million

CYBER CRIMINALS

Kids (age group 9-16 )

Organized hacktivists

Disgruntled employees

Professional hackers (corporate

espionage)

TYPES OF CYBER CRIME

Financial crimes- cheating, credit card

frauds , money laundering forgery etc .

Sale of illegal articles:

Online gambling

Intellectual Property crimes

Theft of information contained in

electronic form

E-mail bombing

Data Diddling

Salami attacks

E-mail spoofing

Cyber defamation

Hacking

Trojan attacks

Phishing

E-mail spoofing

The sender address and other parts of the

e-mail header are altered

Form , Return-Path and Reply to fields

Although the e-mail appears to come from

the address indicated in the Form field it

actually comes from another source

Prevention

i. Antivirus

ii. Use cryptographic signatures

E-mail spoofing

Salami Attack

A series of minor attacks that togrtherresults in a larger attack

Used for financial crimes in which criminals steal money or resources a bit at a time from a system

Preventation

i. Find indications of an attack

ii. Random audits

iii. Don’t ignor what appears to be errors in computer-based financial systems

Data Diddling

o Changing of data before or during entry into the computer system

o Forging or counterfeiting documents used for data entry

o Exchanging valid disks and tapes with modified replacements

o Prevention

i. Regular audits

ii. Supervising employees

Cyber crime – a growing

challenge for governments o In a digital age, where online communication

has become the norm, internet users and governments face increased risks of becoming the targets of cyber attacks. As cyber criminals continue to develop and advance their techniques, they are also shifting their targets — focusing less on theft of financial information and more on business espionage and accessing government information. To fight fast-spreading cyber crime, governments must collaborate globally to develop an effective model that will control the threat.

Cost of cyber crime in india

29.9 million people felt victim to cyber crime

$4 billion in direct financial losses,

$3.6 billion in time spent resolving the crime,

4 in 5 online adults (80%) have been a victim of cybercrime

17% of adults online have experienced cybercrime on their mobile phones.

LAW ENFORCEMENTSection 66: Hacking

Destruction, deletion, alteration, diminishing value or utility or injuriously affecting informaion residing in a computer resource

Punishment

Imprisonment up to three years, and fine up to 2 lac

Section 70: Protected System

Securing unauthorised access or attempting to secure unauthorised access to protected system

Punishment

Imprisonment up to 10 years and fine

Sec 67: Pronography

Publishing or transmitting or causing to be published in the electronic form

Obscene material

Punishment

On first conviction

Imprisonment of either description up to five years and fine up to 1 lac rupees

On subesquent conviction

Imprisonment of either description up to 10 years and fine up to 2 lac rupees

Sending threatening messages by e-mail Sec 503 IPC

Sending offensive messages by e-mail Sec 499, 500 IPC

Forgery of electronic records Sec 463, 470, 471 IPC

Bogus websites,cyber frauds Sec 420 IPC

Email spoofing Sec 416, 417, 463 IPC

Online sale of drugs NDPS Act

Web-Jacking Sec 383 IPC

Online sale of arms Arms Act

Dispute Resolution in Cyberspace

Indian Laws

i. Information Technology Act, 2000

ii. Information Technology (Amendment) Act, 2008

iii. Cyber crime investigation cell

iv. Communications convergence Bill, 2001

v. Cyber security forum-Joint collaboration between

India and U.S.

i. E-Governance and E-Policy

ii. Punishments

International initiativesi. Arbitration and Mediation- Conventions

ii. World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO)

iii. Council of Europe Convention on cyber crime

iv. Cyber Tribunals

Prevention

Never disclose your personal

information publicly on websites. This is

as good as disclosing your identity to

strangers in public place

Always avoid sending any photograph

online particularly to strangers and chat

friends as there have been incidents of

misuse of the photographs

Never enter your credit card number to any site that is not secured, to prevent its misuse

Always keep a watch on the sites that your children are accessing to prevent any kind of harassment or depravation in children

Always use latest and updated Antivirus software to guard against virus attacks

To prevent loss of data due to virus attacks, always keep back up of your data.

It is advisable to use a security program that gives control over the cookies and send information back to the site, as leaving the cookies unguarded might prove fatal

Use of firewalls proves beneficial

Website owners should watch traffic and

check any irregularity on the site. Putting

host-based intrusion detection devices on

servers will serve the purpose

Solution

An important question arises that how can these crimes be prevented

A number of techniques & solution have been presented but the problem still exists & are increasing day by day

Antivirus & Anti Spyware Software:

Antivirus software consists of computer programs that attempt to identify, thwart & eliminate computer viruses & other malicious software. Anti spy wares are used to restrict backdoor program, trojans & other spy wares to be installed on the computer

Firewalls:

A firewall protect a computer network form

unauthorized access. Network firewalls may

be hardware devices, software programs, or

a combination of the two. A network firewall

typically guards an internal computer

network against malicious access from

outside the network

Cyber security must be pursued with the

same intensity as efforts to eradicate global

poverty or tackle climate change

CONCLUSION….

Indian laws are well drafted & are capable of handling all kinds of challenges as posed by cyber criminals. However, the enforcement agencies are required to be well versed with the changing technologies & laws

As internet technology advances so does the threat of cyber crime. In times like these we must protect ourselves from cyber crime. Anti-virus software, firewalls & security patches are just the beginning. Never open suspicious e-mails & only navigate to trusted sites.

PRACHI