Digital Literacy & ICT in Education
M.G. SreekumarIndian Institute of Management Kozhikode
Agenda• The Information / Knowledge Paradigm – Some Thoughts• Teachers’ Concerns• Pedagogy Vs. Andragogy• ICT Overview• Changing Information Landscape• WWW • Digital Literacy • E-Learning Overview• Key Enabling Technologies / Tools for Schools• Open Source Software - Overview
“I never teach my pupils; I only attempt to provide the conditions
in which they can learn.“
Albert Einstein (1879 - 1955)
There are billions of neurons in our brains, but what are neurons? Just cells. The brain has no knowledge until connections are made between neurons.
All that we know, all that we are, comes from the way our neurons are connected.
-- Tim Berners-Lee
K = (P + I)S
OrganizationalKnowledge Sharing
Technology Information
People
Teachers’ Concerns
• Students can no longer prepare bark to calculate problems. They depend instead on expensive slates. What will they do when the slate is dropped and breaks?
Teacher’s Conference, 1703
Teachers’ Concerns
• Students depend on paper too much. They no longer know how to write on a slate without getting dust all over themselves. What will happen when they run out of paper?
Principal’s Association Meeting, 1815
Teachers’ Concerns
• Students depend too much upon ink. They no longer know how to use a knife to sharpen a pencil.
National Association of Teachers, 1907
Teachers’ Concerns
• Students depend too much on store bought ink. They don’t know how to make their own. What will happen when they run out?
Rural American Teacher, 1928
Teachers’ Concerns
• They say now the educational systems have undergone a paradigm shift and it’s no longer teacher-centric or classroom centric
- IT’S STUDENT CENTRIC !
- IT’S LEARNER CENTRIC !!
• Anonymous
• If Education goes out of Classrooms and the Knowledge gets liberated from Teachers, what would be the role of Educators?
• Anonymous
Pedagogy << Teacher
• Lectures• Exercises• Project works• Case method• Simulations• Games• Role plays• Live projects• Book reading• …
Andragogy >> Learner• Learner’s self-concept moves from dependency to
independency or self-directedness
• They accumulate a reservoir of experiences that can be used as a basis on which to build learning
• Their readiness to learn becomes increasingly associated with the developmental tasks of social roles
• Their time and curricular perspectives change from postponed to immediacy of application and
• From subject-centeredness to performance-centeredness
Indicators• Paradigm Shift -• Technology lifestyle• Trends in teaching / learning process• Emergence of a new “Digital World”• Vanishing links in the info. supply chain• Velocity - the order of the day• Business @ speed of thought • Learning / Unlearning / Relearning @ speed
of change
ICT in Schools
Acts as a Force Multiplier for the School
Student Centric Learning has added great value for both the learner and the learned
ICT in Schools
Role of ICT in Knowledge based Society
The National curriculum framework 2005 (NCF 2005) highlighted the importance of ICT in school education
Paradigm shift imperative in education:Imparting instructions, Collaborative learning, Multidisciplinary problem-solving andPromoting critical thinking skills
National ICT Agenda
KNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGE--BASEDBASEDECONOMYECONOMY
PEOPLEPEOPLE- Work Culture- ICT Skills- Knowledge worker- Learning Society
INFRASTRUCTUREINFRASTRUCTURE- Communication - Fibre-Optic Cabling- Gigabit ATM- Satellite- Transport/Logistic- etc
APPLICATION &APPLICATION &CONTENTCONTENT- Smart Schools- e-govt.- Smartcard- Tele-medicine- Others
Popular InformationPopular
Information
Scholarly InformationScholarly
Information
DigitizedInformation
(DL Initiatives)
DigitizedInformation
(DL Initiatives)
Web Resources
Web Resources
The InformationLandscape
The InformationLandscape
Books, eBooksPOD, JLs, eJLs,
NewspapersAV media
Books, eBooksPOD, JLs, eJLs,
NewspapersAV media
Books, eBooks, JLS, eJournals, Scholarly
Articles, ePrint Archives,ETDs, eCourses
Books, eBooks, JLS, eJournals, Scholarly
Articles, ePrint Archives,ETDs, eCourses
Commercial,National,
State & Local LevelNGOs
Commercial,National,
State & Local LevelNGOs
Surface Web,Deep Web,
Multi-ModalSemantic Web
Surface Web,Deep Web,
Multi-ModalSemantic Web
The Google Generation
The Digital Native Generation
Magic of the Web• The universe (which others call the Web) is the place
where society keeps the sum total of human knowledge.
• It's where we learn and play, shop and do business, keep up with old friends and meet new ones ...
• Today we stand at the epicenter of a revolution in how society creates, organizes, locates, presents,and preserves information ...
• .... It's all the Web ....
Ian Witten et al. in "Web Dragons"
Google Syndrome
• Can we assume that a search engine will – intrinsically – teach how to find, manage and interpret information ??
• Effective use of technology to improve learning, productivity, and collaboration
• Ability to find, use, summarize, evaluate, and communicate information is critical to success in the global knowledge economy
Digital Literacy
• Skills, knowledge and understanding required to use new technology and media to create and share meaning
• Involves the functional skills of reading and writing digital texts:
– Being able to 'read' a website by navigating through hyperlinks and
– 'writing' and by uploading text as well as digital photos to a social networking site
• Knowledge of how particular communication technologies affect the meanings they convey, and the ability to analyse and evaluate the knowledge available on the web
Digital Literacy
• Optimal teaching and learning requires a full range of ICT tools, including:
– Broadband Internet connectivity;– Appropriate Software Applications; and– Operating environments
Digital Literacy
• Digital media literacy - a key skill in every discipline and profession
• Appropriate metrics of evaluation lag behind the emergence of new scholarly forms of authoring, publishing, and researching
• Economic pressures and new models of education present unprecedented competition to traditional models of the school/ university
• Keeping pace with the rapid proliferation of information, software tools, and devices
Challenges
• World of work is increasingly becoming collaborative
• Technologies used are increasingly cloud-based, and the notions of IT support are decentralized
• People wish to work, learn, and study whenever and wherever they want
• Abundance of resources and relationships made easily accessible via the Internet is increasingly challenging the educators’ roles in sense-making, coaching, and credentialing
Key Trends
• What are the relationships between the resources available to teachers in support of– technology adoption, – teachers’ attitudes toward technology, – teachers’ professional development, and – teacher use of technology and stage of adoption?
• What conditions are more likely to promote technology integration into classroom instruction by teachers?
• If change is to occur in the classrooms, it must begin with the teacher, not the technology
Technology Adoption to Enhance Teaching and Learning
Digital Natives• New Gen – Digital Natives
• Children are engaging more than ever before with technology and digital media:
– video games, – music editing, – animation, – social networking sites, – video sharing, – and other different forms of online
communication
Learning 2.0
What is E-learning?
The use of Internet technologies to deliver a The use of Internet technologies to deliver a broad array of solutions that enhance broad array of solutions that enhance knowledge and performanceknowledge and performance
Rosenberg, 2001Rosenberg, 2001
EE--learning is learning is
InternetInternet--enabled learningenabled learning
http://www.cisco.comhttp://www.cisco.com
E-Learning• ICT assisted/based systems• CBTs / WBTs• Online Courses / Courseware• E-Resources >> Learning Objects• Digital Libraries• Discussion Forums• Digital Portfolios • Tele / Video Conferencing• Web 2.0 based (collaborative) Learning 2.0
Enterprise IT Environment
Servers
Shared Data
Firewall InternetIntranet
Integration
PCs
You don’t understand anything until you learn it more than one way
Marvin Minsky
EE--learning: Blended modelearning: Blended mode
Chalk-and-board has longruled the classrooms• will not be eliminated• Less emphasis
Interactive Digital Content:• more emphasis• on demand learning• interactive
OSsLinux, BSD..
Web ServersApache, Java apps..
Server-Side ScriptingLAMP, WAMP, MAMP
Web ServicesTomcat, Cocoon,Ant, SRU/SRW…
RDBMSMySQL, PostgreSQL, mSQL…
Img ProcessingIMageMagick…
MLs1992+
OAI
ApplicationsEmacs, grep, sendmail, ssh…
Prgm LangsPerl, PHP, Python…
Open Source General Platforms / Applications
Mobile ComputingWML, WAP, WiFi...
Net/Web Security
Self
Stud
y / D
isco
very
Group Study / Collaboration
Knowled
ge
Manag
emen
t
PersonalDash Board
DigitalLibrary
PushTechnology
WorkgroupStrategic Info.
KnowledgeMap
Best PracticesRepository
Contactgroups
A KNOWLEDGE INTERACTION INTERFACE (KII) FOR A KNOWLEDGE WORKER
E-Learning
Web Based E-Learning PlatformLMS - The Virtual Classroom
• Announcements - Front office of the virtual class room
• Course - Syllabus, schedule etc.• Staff / Instructor • Course Documents - Upload relevant reading
materials, articles etc.• Assignments - Essays, tests, and quizzes taken by
the students• Communication - E-Mail, Discussion Groups, Chat,
Roster, Group Works etc.• External Links - Links to outside Websites /
resources• Tools - Enabling students with various softwares,
application templates, digital drop boxes etc.
Learning Management System (LMS)
Moodle – Open Source LMS
Boom to students who are slow learners
Teachers find it difficult to adjust to the pace of learning of various students
Students have certain preference to Channel of Communication – Visual, Auditory and Kinesthetic
Students require a huge amount of information and resources available in the Internet, E-Journals, E-Books etc.
The entire lecture and clarifications can be made available in the LMS
Teachers’ Benefits from LMS
Test the learning of Students quickly through Objective type questions;
Student can be in touch with the teacher during any part of the day
Facilitates teacher to continuously monitor student’s progress
Time spent in studiesPace of learningAbility to translate the learning into practical applications
Social Media, Software & Networking
Web 2.0
Facilitates Networking
Provides Authentic Learning Experiences
Encourages Global Awareness
Creativity
Innovation
Critical Thinking
Collaboration
Fosters Communication
10 Internet Technologies Educators Should be Informed About
Internet technologies that have earned their rightful place
Video and Podcasting Resources – Lectures, How-to Videos
YouTube, TeacherTube, EduTube, SchoolTube …
Digital Presentation Tools Support classroom teaching as well as for distance modesProvide engaging ways in creating and delivering assignments/ reports etc.
Collaboration and Brainstorming ToolsThought organizing tools – “Mindmap”, Bubbl.us …
Collaborative Tools – Wikis, Virtual worlds …
10 Internet Technologies for Educators…Blogs & Blogging
Blogosphere
Blogger, Wordpress …
Social Networking Tools
Lecture Capture
Student Response Systems & Poll / Survey tools
Educational Gaming – Gamification of education
Open Educational Resources (OER)Educational Materials, Content and Tools
E-Readers, Tablets …Kindle, Nook, Pi, Wink, iPad, Akash …
Teaching, learning, and research resources that reside in the public domain or have been released under an intellectual property license that permits their free use or re-purposing by others
Include: Full courses, Course materials, Modules, Textbooks, Streaming Videos, Tests, Software, and any other tools, materials, or techniques used to support access to knowledge
E-Readers and Tablets
E-Readers and Tablets
KloudpaD Tablets – Rs. 9999/-
www.slatestore.in
Akash Tablets – Rs. 2999/- or 98/Month
www.ubislate.com
www.onlinecollegeclasses.com
www.schooltube.com
www.edutube.org
Digital Presentation Tools / Sites
www.slideshare.net
Bill Gates on EducationPredicts the (end?) of universities with eLearning on the rise
“Five years from now on the web for free you’ll be able to find the best lectures in the world”
“It will be better than any single university”
“Educational institutions are still vital for children, K-12”
“It’s just too expensive and too hard to get these upper-level educations”
“And soon place-based college educations will be five times less important than they are today”
College needs to be less “place-based”
• Six key technologies to watch and maps them along three adoption horizons, indicating the likely time frame for uptake in the mainstream use for teaching and learning
• e-Books continue to generate strong interest in the consumer sector and are increasingly available on campuses as well
• Mobiles enable ubiquitous access to information, social networks, tools for learning and productivity and much more. Mobiles are capable computing devices in their own right — and they are increasingly a user’s first choice for internet access
Technologies to Watch
• Augmented Reality brings a significant potential to supplement information delivered via computers, mobile devices, video, and even the printed book
• Game-based Learning has grown in recent years as research continues to demonstrate its effectiveness for learning for students of all ages
• Gesture-based computing moves the control of computers from a mouse and keyboard to the motions of the body via new input devices
• Learning analytics loosely joins a variety of data-gathering tools and analytic techniques to study student engagement, performance, and progress in practice, with the goal of using what is learned to revise curricula, teaching, and assessment in real time
Technologies to Watch…
I read, I forget
I discuss, I remember
I do, I inculcate
“We are guilty of many errors and many faults, but our worst crime is abandoning the children, neglecting the foundation of life
Many of the things we need, can wait
The children cannot
Right now is the time his bones are being formed, his blood is being made and his senses are being developed to him we cannot answer “Tomorrow”
His name is “Today”
Gabriela Mistral, 1948
Digital literacy enables educators to contribute to enhancing learners' potential for participation in digital media
Enhances young people's ability to use digital media in ways that strengthen their skills, knowledge and understanding as learners
Heighten their capacities for social, cultural, civic and economic participation in everyday life
Conclusion
It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent that survives. It is the one
that is the most adaptable one to change
- Charles Darwin
The illiterate of the 21st century will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot
learn, unlearn and relearn
- Alvin Toffler, in Rethinking the Future
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