EditingBy Monae Minors-Gibbs

Key terms Continuity Continuity

editing 180 degree rule Match on action Shot reverse

shot Eye-line match Cross cutting

Insert shotCutawayPaceTimeTransitionsSpecial effectsMontage editing

Continuity

Continuity = continue Makes sure things are continuous Below is an example from ‘The Matrix’ Good editing is invisible

http://youtu.be/ggFKLxAQBbc

Continuity editing

Aims to create a sense of reality and time moving forward

Allows the audience to concentrate on the narrative

Techniques/rules of continuity editing 180 degree rule Match on action Shot reverse shot Eye-line match Cross cutting or parallel editing

Continuity editing:180 degree rule

This is to establish the placement of characters

Breaking the rule, it will place the characters in a different place

http://youtu.be/BBPw9C57TuU

Continuity editing: Match on action

1 action = multiple shots Multiple cuts to show 1 action Part of invisible editing which creates a

flowhttp://youtu.be/ESq9H8ysikc

Continuity editing: Shot reverse shot

When a shot goes from shot A, shot B, shot A, shot B etc

It continuously goes back and fourth between the two shots

Often used in a conversation to see what both characters are saying

http://youtu.be/3cXqlg85-VY Another example ..http://youtu.be/QLkUHZ1qips

Continuity editing: Eye-line match

Shot A: character looking off screenShot B: what the character is looking at It makes the audience eager to see

what happens next/what the character sees

http://youtu.be/ZSFD6aIhvFI

Continuity editing: Cross cutting

Technique of continuously altering 2 or more scenes that often happen at the same time but different locations

http://youtu.be/OD0h7WcgJ5w Scene A) interrogation scene B) car

approaching

A AB B

Continuity editing video

Here is a summary of continuity with example from a film

http://youtu.be/8xauSCz1mEk

Insert shot

An insert is a shot of part scene as filmed from different angle and/or focal length from the master shot (original/establishing shot)

Example - CLOSE-UP of the gunfighter- INSERT of his hand quivering above the

holster

Cutaway

A cutaway is video scene that cuts away to relevant images or footage

Often used in documentaries or in film when a piece of information is needed to show the audience

Pace Slow pace- to keep the audience

calm/still, little number of shots http://youtu.be/t1JsC1ur2X8 Medium pace- to make the audience

comfortable/normal, average number of shots which could show realism

http://youtu.be/6hxOoM0-NJI Fast pace- intense/exciting/thrilling, lots

of cuts http://youtu.be/pZZ60jrw6cg

Time

Types of time: Story time- time of the

event Discourse time- time

taken to narrate the event Summary- discourse

shorter than the story Ellipsis- establishing

discourse time rather than the story

Scene- story and discourse time are equal (realism)

Stretch- discourse is longer than story

Flash back- thought or memory in the past (non linear narrative)

Flash forward- audience are shown the future scenes or events

Things are shown that is important so the audience will not see the less important things

Transitions Straight cutting- to show realism, in

conversation Graphic match- when 2 shots match

graphically, often overlap the transition http://youtu.be/_HG5kPlxzeU

Overlap/dissolve- makes a softer transition, to show time passing http://youtu.be/HK6zGWox6S0

Wipe- often shown to show new day/scene Fade in/out- fade to black (fade out), fade in

starting from black to normal http://youtu.be/F0_2ZFdB6Hk

Flash- like ‘fade in’ but the scene is white

Special effects

B&W- often used to show memory or time period

Contrast- alter the lighting

Colour- add a colour filter to show specific mood

Animation- title of shows or cartoons

CGI- computer generated images (e.g. Avatar)

Fast forward/slow motion- speeding up http://youtu.be/ZIK4Uf9NhJA or slowing down footage http://youtu.be/4QrlPmK4B94

Ghost trail- see multiple actions (overlapped) to show someone drunk or on drugs http://youtu.be/Z5xkFN-pOJc

Blur- to show un-clarity memory

Montage editing

Series of montage which is a series of shots that are not in sequential order, continuous or relate to each other

http://youtu.be/2HAUmII_hcg