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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

Volume 6, No 1, 2015

© Copyright by the authors - Licensee IPA- Under Creative Commons license 3.0

Research article ISSN 0976 – 4399

Received on January, 2015 Published on August 2015 25

Effect of rice husk ash and plastic fibers on concrete strength Ankur, Varinder Singh, Ravi Kant Pareek

Department of Civil Engineering, JCDM College of Engineering, Sirsa

[email protected]

doi:10.6088/ijcser.6003

ABSTRACT

This paper reports the study of compressive strength and split tensile strength of concrete

involving rice husk ash (RHA) and plastic fiber in different proportions. M-20 grade of

concrete was taken for experimental study. RHA content was used from 5% to 15% at the

interval of 5% by replacing Ordinary Portland Cement (O.P.C.) and plastic fibers were used

from 1% to 3% at the interval of 1% by replacing the coarse aggregate. Plastic fibers were

obtained by cutting the polythene bags into small pieces. The compressive strength and split

tensile strength of concrete was checked at 7 days and 28 days of curing period. The results

show that concrete samples having RHA and plastic fibers showed better strength as

compared to controlled concrete samples.

Keyword: Rice husk ash (RHA), Plastic fiber, Compressive strength, Split tensile strength

1. Introduction

Concrete is a man-made material which is used for various construction works such as house

construction, bridge construction, roads and pavements. Simply, concrete is a mixture of

cement paste and aggregates. Concrete is an important part of society’s infrastructure.

Concrete has unlimited opportunities for advanced applications, design and construction

techniques. It is the material of choice where strength, impermeability, durability,

performance, fire resistance and abrasion resistance are needed. Its high compressive strength

and mould ability has made its widespread use. It has major disadvantages that it is brittle and

weak in tension. Still concrete is better option than any other available materials for

construction works. Concrete with advanced technologies such as reinforce cement concrete

(R.C.C.) and fiber reinforced concrete (F.R.C.) provides extra strength and durability against

sliding, cracking, buckling and overturning. Concrete properties can be improved by the use

of industrial and domestic wastes such as fly ash, rice husk ash, blast furnace slag, timber ash,

steel fiber, glass fiber and plastic wastes. These wastes can be found as natural materials, by-

products or industrial wastes. Dumping of these wastes on earth surface is causing the

environment pollution. Rice husk ash (RHA) is a waste material, is a by-product obtained

from the burning of rice husk. It has high reactivity and pozzolonic property. To conserve

resources, utilization of industrial and biogenic wastes as supplementary cementing materials

has become an important part of concrete construction. Industrialization has resulted in large

deposition of plastic waste. It is non-biodegradable material which is harmful to the

environment. Plastic waste can be used as fibers in concrete to improve the properties of

concrete. Many researches were conducted to use industrial by-products and wastes such as

rice husk ash and plastic waste. Khatri et al. investigated the impact of admixture and RHA in

concrete mix design. It was found that admixture increased the compressive strength of

concrete about 30% at 7 days and 50% at 28 days as compared to controlled concrete. It also

used rice husk ash (RHA) as a partial replacement of cement in the ratio of 5% and 15%. It

was observed that concrete having 15% rice husk ash obtained more strength with respect to

Effect of rice husk ash and plastic fibers on concrete strength

Ankur, Varinder Singh, Ravi Kant Pareek

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering 26

Volume 6 Issue 1 2015

5% RHA by 13.38% at 7 days and 19.78 % at 28 days respectively. Kulkarni et al. studied the

effect of rice husk ash on properties of concrete. In this study, cement was replaced by RHA

from 0 to 30% at an interval of 10%. Compressive strength of concrete was tested at 7 days

and 28 days. It was found that there was about 4% increase in strength as compared to normal

concrete after addition of 20%RHA at 7 days and after addition of 10% RHA to normal

concrete, there was about 16% increase in strength as compared to normal concrete. Nibudey

et al. examined the strength prediction of plastic fiber reinforced concrete. In this study,

plastic fibers were added from 0% to 3% by weight of cement in interval of 0.5%. It was

found that maximum compressive and split tensile strength were at 1% of fiber content.

Ramadevi et al. experimented the properties of concrete with plastic PET (bottle) fibers as

fine aggregates. Percentage of plastic bottle fibers was taken as 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6%s by

replacing the fine aggregates. Result showed that maximum compressive strength, flexural

strength and split tensile strength of concrete were observed at 2% plastic fiber. Deotale et al.

studied the effect of partial replacement of cement by fly ash, rice husk ash (RHA) with using

steel fiber in concrete. In this study, it started proportion from 30% fly ash (F.A.) and 0% rice

husk ash (RHA) mixed together in concrete by replacement of cement with gradual increase

of RHA by 2.5% and simultaneously gradual decrease of F.A. by 2.5%. It was found that

compressive strength of concrete increases with the increase in the percentage of F.A. and

RHA up to (22.5% F.A. and 7.5% RHA) by replacing cement in concrete.

2. Experimental investigation

In the experimental investigation, Cement concrete cubes of size 150mm x 150mm x 150mm

and concrete cylinders of size 150mm x 300mm with different proportions to find out the

compressive strength and split tensile strength were casted. Specimens were tested after a

curing period of 7 days and 28 days. Table-1 shows the details of specimens casted for

experimental investigation.

Table 1: Details of Specimens

S.

No. TEST Specimen

RHA

Added

(%)

Plastic

Fiber

Added

(%)

No. of

Specimens

For 7

days

For 28

days

1 Compressive

Strength Test Cube

0 0 2 2

5 1 2 2

10 2 2 2

15 3 2 2

2 Split Tensile

Strength Test Cylinder

0 0 2 2

5 1 2 2

10 2 2 2

15 3 2 2





3. Material properties

For the purpose of experimental investigation, the following material properties were tested.

Ordinary Portland Cement of grade-43 was used in this study. The physical properties of

O.P.C. are given below in Table-2. Locally available fine aggregate (sand) and coarse

aggregate of size 20mm and 10mm from the market were used in this study. Their physical

properties are shown in Tables 3 and Table 4. Rice husk ash was purchased from Pashupati

Rice and Geneal Mills, Sirsa. Physical properties of RHA are shown in Table-5. Domestic

waste polythene was used as plastic fiber. Plastic polythene was cut into small pieces of

different length by scissor. Specimens were tested after a curing period of 7 and 28 days.

Compressive strength and split tensile strength tests were performed on compression testing

machine. Out of 16 concrete cubes, 8 cubes were tested at 7 days and remaining were tested

at 28 days as shown in Figure 1. Out of 16 concrete cylinders, 8 cylinders were tested at 7

days and remaining were tested at 28 days as shown in Figure 2.

Table 2: Physical Properties of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC-43)

S. No. Characteristics Test Values

1 Normal Consistency (%) 27

2

Setting Time (Minutes)

Initial

Final

48

205

3 Soundness (mm) 2.00

4 Fineness (%) 2.9

5 Specific Gravity 2.44

Table 3: Physical Properties of Fine Aggregates


1 Water absorption (%) 0.83

2 Specific gravity 2.54

3 Fineness modulus 3.25

Table 4: Physical Properties of Coarse Aggregates


1 Water absorption (%) 0.55


3 Fineness modulus 6.21

Table 5: Physical Properties of Rice Husk Ash


1 Normal consistency

(%)

18


3 Setting Time (Minutes)

Initial

Final

205

258





Figure 1: Compressive Strength Testing on Cubes

Figure 2: Split tensile strength testing on cylinders

4. Results and discussion

Compressive strength of concrete was measured at the ages of 7 and 28 days and shown in

Table-6 and Table-7. It was observed that the average compressive strength of concrete was

15.23 MPa and 22.67 MPa with the replacement of 5% RHA and 1% plastic fibers which

shows that 1.11% and 1.08% increase in the compressive strength at 7 and 28 days

respectively. Average compressive strength of concrete was 16.56 MPa and 25.67 MPa with

the replacement of 10% RHA and 2% plastic fibers which shows that 1.20% and 1.22%

increase in the compressive strength at 7 and 28 days respectively. It was observed that the

average compressive strength of concrete was 13.67 MPa and 20.78 MPa with the

replacement of 15% RHA and 3% plastic fibers which shows that 0.99% and 0.98 % decrease

in the compressive strength at 7 and 28 days respectively. Split tensile strength test results of

fiber reinforced concrete with and without RHA and plastic fibers are presented in Table-8





and Table-9. It was observed that the average spilt tensile strength of concrete was 2.09 MPa

and 4.42 MPa with the replacement of 5% RHA and 1% plastic fibers which shows that

1.09% and 1.07% increase in the spilt tensile strength at 7 and 28 days respectively. Average

spilt tensile strength of concrete was 2.4 MPa and 4.99 MPa with the replacement of 10%

RHA and 2% plastic fibers which shows that 1.26% and 1.21% increase in the spilt tensile

strength at 7 and 28 days respectively. It was observed that the average spilt tensile strength

of concrete was 1.88 MPa and 4.06 MPa with the replacement of 15% RHA and 3% plastic

fibers which shows that 0.98% and 0.98 % decrease in the spilt tensile strength at 7 and 28

days respectively.

Table 6: Compressive strength data at the age of 7 days for M20 concrete

S.

No.

Sample

No.

RHA Used

(%)

Plastic

Fibers Used

(%)

Compressive

Strength (MPa)

Average

Compressive

Strength (MPa)

1 1

0 0 13.55

13.78 2 14.00

2 1

5 1 15.56

15.23 2 14.89

3 1

10 2 16.00

16.56 2 17.11

4 1

15 3 13.78

13.67 2 13.55

Table 7: Compressive Strength Data at the Age of 28 Days for M20 Concrete

S.

No.

Sample

No.

RHA Used

(%)

Plastic

Fibers Used

(%)

Compressive

Strength (MPa)

Average

Compressive

Strength (MPa)

1 1

0 0 22.22

21 2 19.78

2 1

5 1 21.78

22.67 2 23.56

3 1

10 2 25.78

25.67 2 25.56

4 1

15 3 21.11

20.78 2 20.44





13.7815.23

16.56

13.67

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

M-20 Concrete having 5%

RHA & 1% P.F.

Concrete having 10%

RHA & 2% P.F.

Concrete having 15%

RHA & 3% P.F.

Co

mp

ress

ive

Str

en

gth

in

MP

a

Figure 3: Comparison of Concrete Compressive Strength with Different Replacements by

RHA and Plastic Fibers at 7 Days.

2122.67

25.67

20.78

0

5

10

15

20

25

30


RHA & 1% P.F.

Concrete having 10%

RHA & 2% P.F.

Concrete having 15%

RHA & 3% P.F.

Com

pressiv

e

str

en

gth

in

MP

a

Figure 4: Comparison of Concrete Compressive Strength with Different Replacements by

RHA and Plastic Fibers at 28 Days

Table 8: Split Tensile Strength Data at the Age of 7 Days for M20 Concrete

S. No. Sample

No.

RHA Used

(%)

Plastic Fibers

Used (%)

Split Tensile

Strength (MPa)

Average Split

Tensile Strength

(MPa)





1 1

0 0 1.70

1.91 2 2.12

2 1

5 1 1.98

2.09 2 2.19

3 1

10 2 2.47

2.4 2 2.33

4 1

15 3 1.77

1.88 2 1.98

Table 9: Split Tensile Strength Data at the Age of 28 Days for M20 Concrete

S. No. Sample

No.

RHA Used

(%)

Plastic Fibers

Used (%)

Split Tensile

Strength (MPa)

Average Split

Tensile Strength

(MPa)

1 1

0 0 4.24

4.14 2 4.03

2 1

5 1 4.24

4.42 2 4.60

3 1

10 2 4.88

4.99 2 5.09

4 1

15 3 4.31

4.06 2 3.81

1.912.09

2.4

1.88

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3


RHA & 1% P.F.

Concrete having 10%

RHA & 2% P.F.

Concrete having 15%

RHA & 3% P.F.

Sp

lit

Te

nsi

le S

tre

ng

th in

MP

a

Figure 5: Comparison of Concrete Split Tensile Strength with Different

Replacements by RHA and Plastic Fibers at 7 days.





Figure 6: Comparison of Concrete Split Tensile Strength with Different Replacements by

RHA and Plastic Fibers at 28 days.

5. Conclusions

Based on the experimental study with different samples of concrete and different proportions

of rice husk ash (RHA) and plastic fiber, following conclusions were drawn-:

1. The replacement of 5 % and 10% RHA and 1% and 2% plastic fibers shows increase

in the compressive strength of concrete cubes at 7 days as well as at 28 days.

2. The replacement of 5 % and 10% RHA and 1% and 2% plastic fibers shows increase

in the split tensile strength of concrete cylinders at 7 days as well as at 28 days.

3. The replacement of 15 % RHA and 3% plastic fibers shows decrease in the

compressive strength of concrete cubes at 7 days as well as at 28 days.

4. The replacement of 15 % RHA and 3% plastic fibers shows decrease in the split

tensile strength of concrete cubes at 7 days as well as at 28 days.

5. It was observed that concrete involving RHA and plastic fiber does not show sudden

failure.

6. References

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polythene used as concrete constituent. International journal of engineering and

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cement by fly ash, rice husk ash with using steel fiber in concrete. International

journal of scientific and engineering research, 3(6).





4. Dr. Shubha Khatri, 2014. Impact of admixture and rice husk ash in concrete mix

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