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ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation

The Future City Representation

SHIP

ISLAND Parham Farhadpoor 0313698

FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University

Parham Farhadpoor | 0313698 | Group w | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University1


Ships will be

our future

citiesIntroduction

The final project of elements of natural and built environment for this course (FNBE) is all about elements of a city for the future and the situations that will happen in few years later makes us to think about building new cities, and different from the cities that we are living in currently.

In this project students are required to imagine that the year is 2033 and they are the mayor of the “X” city (they are required to choose a name for the city). They as mayors know a secret about the city and they know that the city is no longer safe to live in, so they have to prepare a proposal for the new city. First, students need to create a situation for their city which make it not safe to live, and then find the best solution to build a new city depend on the problem . They have five options, they can build city underground, underwater, floating on water or enhance the city and after they choose the option. They have to start research, sketches, etc to prepare the proposal of the city and after that



students must choose one city within their units and make a model of it and present it to lecturers.

This project acquaints students with elements of natural and built environment and they understand how to analyze different situation and symbiotic relationships that they need to consider in natural and built environment.

The City

Definition: a center of population, commerce, and culture; a town of significant size and importance.



Cities generally have complex systems for sanitation, utilities, land usage, housing, and transportation. The concentration of development greatly facilitates communication between people and businesses, benefiting both parties in the process. A big city or metropolis usually has associated suburbs and exurbs. Such cities are usually related with metropolitan areas and urban areas, creating various business commuters traveling to urban centers for employment. Once a city grows far enough to reach another city, this region can be believed a conurbation or megalopolis.

History: towns and cities has very long history, since humans understood that they need each other, but there are many different opinions on whether any particular ancient settlement can be considered to be a city. Different cities formed as center places to benefit members living close proximity to others facilitates interaction of all kinds by trading. The first true towns started shaping when they became places which people were not simply farmers and they began to take on specialized occupations, trade, food storage, and power was centralized, then they started growing and became cities.

Elements of urban design: involves the design and coordination of all that makes up cities and towns.



Building: buildings are the most pronounced elements of urban design, they shape and articulate space by forming the street walls of the city.

Public space: great public spaces are the living room of the city, the place where people come together to enjoy the city and each other.

Streets: streets are the connection between spaces and places, as well as being space themselves.

Transport: transport system connect the parts of the cities and help shape them, and enable movement throughout the city.

Landscape: the landscape is the green part of the city that weaves throughout in the form of urban parks, street trees, plants, flowers, and water in many forms.

Urban designs weave together these elements into a coherent, organized design structure.

The urban design structure defines the urban form and the building form.

The creative articulation of space is the most prominent aspect for urban design. The following artistic principles are an integral part of creating form and spatial definition:

1.Order 2.Unity 3.Balance 4.Proportion 5.Scale 6.Hierarchy 7.Symmetry 8.Rhythm 9.Contrast 10.Context 11.Detail 12.Texture 13.Harmony 14.Beauty

Smart cities infrastructure



System development technology

Technological development is necessary based on the assumption that growth and development will occur along the changes in response to internal and external environment.

Technological system supports processes from planning through construction, operation, and evaluation in a uniform manner.

Autonomous disclosure of resource information and accommodation between systems work to maintain the sustainability of society as a whole.

System development technology requirements differ over the three stages of planning.

Advanced IT support is needed for the realization of each type of systems development technology.

Mobility

Making transportation as a mean of reaching your destination fun, stress-free, and comfortable.

Six problems that must be resolved by smart mobility:1.congestion problem 2.vuluerable road user problem 3.eco problem 4.deterioration problem 5.disaster planning problem 6.transportation company efficiency improvement problem

Coordination of infrastructure

Due to technological progress, urbane and service infrastructures are growing more diverse, and the number of situations where information can be utilized in increasing.



Coordination of infrastructures is required to resolve issues related to organization, usage, and environmental load associated with infrastructures.

Cost of usage is reduced while convenience and comfort are improved.

City managers also enjoy benefits such as improved reliability and increased business opportunities.

Communications

Many of requirements demanded of a smart city are realized through seamless coordination.

More enjoyment and convenience through a network with dependable security

Businesses can be realized by “connecting” to the network. System efficiency is pursued from the network design stage by

giving consideration to energy consumption. The network can be utilized in order to visualize the state of

energy usage in real time.

It platform

Coping with diversity. Satisfying demand for reliability. Coping with growth of cities and long- term sustainability.

Water

Sources of fresh water that can be used by humans amount to a more 0.01% of all water in the world.

Intake increases greatly with the growing population, making water shortages even more serious.

Energy

Limited energy must be utilized effectively as demand for electric power increases.

Smart grids are one valid measure to improve the efficiency utilization while reducing CO2 emissions.

Different regions have different background behind the necessity of smart grids.

Ancient Cities



Derinkuyu: one of the largest and oldest ancient underground cities found in 1963 in the town call derinkuyu which is located in Turkey. At first a wall collapsed and they found a passage way which led them to an underground city thousands of years old and more than 280 feet deep. This city has 13 stories with ventilation shafts as well as 1500 little shafts making sure that every chamber gets air. This underground city is able to hold more than 20,000 people and contains religious centers, store rooms, wine presses, schools, a bar, kitchens, and stables. The stone used is extremely soft, so all the supporting beams had to be placed perfectly and it has never had any caves ins. This would be an extremely difficult thing to do in modern time let alone thousands of years ago.

The religion of the city is said to be Zoroastrian. The creator which called Ahura Mazda. Who is the sky god, asked one of his prophets to build an underground city to protect select people and animals from a global ice age.

This is the most probable answer that archeologists found, but they also have many answers about the incredible underground city and still nobody finds the definitive answer.

The most wondering issue about this ancient underground city is that how they could build a city underground thousand

years ago, but the only thing that we can be sure about is that they built a city underground to protect themselves but we still don’t know why? Did extraterrestrials cause them to build a city underground? Global ice age? Or to protect from invading enemies such as desert raiders or Roman legion?



Yonaguni Monument: Yonaguni monument is located off the coast of Yonaguni, the southernmost of the Ryukyu Islands, in Japan. the sea off Yonagun is one of the most famous place for diving during winter because of the largest population of hammerhead sharks and some divers while were looking for an appropriate location to observe them in 1987, suddenly found some singular seabed formations approximating architectonic structures, then right after that many scientists went to see there and understood that there was a city before.

This monument is made from sandstones and mudstones which archeologists think that this city exist since around twenty million years ago. This city is in rectangular shape and the area is around 6,000m2 , about 27m tall and about 5m below sea level.

The most close answer about why this ancient city in sunken can be global ice age, which means that maybe in the future, our cities will sink so we can start thinking about this problem from now.



Present Cities

Paris: Paris history comes from 2,000 years ago since it was just a small French settlement until it became the capital and primate city of France. This famous city is located in the northern central part of France, and it is in the shape of an oval where covers an area of about 87 square kilometers. Paris is one of the largest population centers in Europe and it had a population of 2,234,105 in

2009.

Paris is one of the most important centers of art all around the world and many of famous artists came from there. This city is full of museums, art

galleries, and fantastic architectural designs.

Paris is known as the city of love as it has a favorite destination for couples wishing to enjoy their honeymoon. It has historical, dramatic places and minutes after you can watch the Seine River going by while quietly sitting on a bench. Paris dazzles a person's eyes with the aforesaid reasons. The beauty of Paris and its contrast from one's own city also bring a feeling of excitement and experience that one has not felt before. Great place to relight romance and fall in love again because its spontaneous rather than routine.



Paris also known as a major rail, highway, and air transport hub by having four airports which two of them are international, the city’s subway system which called Paris Métro, it was opened in 1900 and it can carry nine millions passengers daily an known as one of the most extensively used transport system within the city, and also seven major railway stations which one of the is the busiest station in Europe together with Paris is also the most important hub of France's motorway network with over 2,000 km (1,243 mi) of highways and motorways.

Much of contemporary Paris is the result of the vast mid-19th century urban remodeling. For centuries, the city had been a labyrinth of narrow streets and half-timber houses, but, beginning with Haussmann's advent, entire quarters

were

leveled to make way for wide avenues lined with neo-classical stone buildings of bourgeoisie standing. The building code has seen few changes since the 1850s, and the Second Empire plans are in many cases still followed. The "alignement" law is still in place, which regulates building façades of new constructions according to a pre-defined street width. A building's height is limited according to the width of the streets it borders, and under the regulation, it is almost impossible to get an approval to build a taller building. Landmarks in this city are easily recognizable which is one of the special things about Paris.



Hamburg: Hamburg or in official Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg in area of 755km2 is the second largest city in Germany by containing 1.8 million people inside and also it is one of the largest ports all around the world. This city has become media and industrial center in Germany, and also a financial center for all countries all over the world which contains 12,000 enterprises.

Hamburg has many different architectural styles and landmarks are mostly churches in this city. There are many streams, rivers and canals in Hamburg are crossed by over 2300 bridges which make this city very special. In Hamburg there all many parks which distribute all over the city to respect nature. This city has a very organized transportation system by having railway all around the city and more than 600 bus routes plus ferries for crossing rivers, etc.

This city is following a very huge program to become a fully smart city and become a paradigm of future cities.

Future of cities forum:

The annual Future of Cities Forum brings together 150 mayors, city planners, scientists and representatives of civil society and the private sector to discuss key challenges for future urban development. This year's Forum takes place in Hamburg, Germany and is the third in a series on regenerative cities organized by the World Future Council.

A new model of urbanization, powered by renewable energy and defined by a restorative and mutually beneficial relationship between cities and their



hinterland, is urgently needed. Cities must go beyond sustainability to truly regenerative development: not only becoming resource-efficient and low carbon emitting, but positively enhancing rather than undermining the ecosystems on which they depend. Regenerative cities mimic nature’s circular metabolism and operate in a closed-loop system that transforms waste outputs into inputs of value.

Rafflesia Island (the imaginary city)



Rafflesia Island is located in south east of Peninsular Malaysia, in Johor state, and quite near to Singapore. This island became British possession in 1789 after they dispossessed Penang in 1786 and after that they found this island very strategic to become a port in Malaysia, them it became growing to one of the largest ports in south east Asia. In this city people are mostly work in enterprises and shipping. This city also is one of the UNESCO heritages. People’s favorite hobby in this city is fishing and there are many festivals about fishing every year.

Johor flag:

Why this city is called Rafflesia Island?British found this flower for the first time in Malaysia, in this island, so they named this Island Rafflesia.



Population: 300.000 Area: 150km2

Races: 60% Malays, 25% chines,10% Indians and 5% other races Religions: 55% Muslim 20% Christians 15% Chinese traditional religions

5% Hinduism and 5% other religions. Median age: total: 27.1 years

male: 26.9 years female: 27.3 years

Future of the City: Unfortunately, this city because of its situation on earth will have a very monumental problem which is becoming fully sunken around year 2043.

Ozone layer depletion:

Ozone is a naturally occurring gas that can be good or bad for your health and environment depending on its location in the atmosphere. In the layer near the earth’s surface (the troposphere) ground level or “bad” ozone is an air pollution that is a key ingredient of urban swag. But higher up, in the stratosphere, “good” ozone protects life on earth by absorbing some of the sun’s UV rays.

The tropospheric ozone layer forms a thin shield in the upper atmosphere, protecting life on earth from sun’s UV rays. It has been called the earth’s sunscreen. In the 1980s,



scientists found evidence that the ozone layer was being depleted. Depletion of the ozone layer results in increasing UV radiation which causes many problems and on top of them is global warming.

Global warming:

Global warming described as a gradual increase in the average temperature of the earth’s atmosphere and also its oceans, which changes earth’s climate constantly. There are debates among people about global warming is a hoax and others believe it. But climate scientists by looking at data and facts agree that the planet is warming. The average temperature of the earth has rising between 0.4 and 0.8 oc over the past 100 years. Causes of global warming are increasing volumes of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases released by the burning of fossil fuels, land clearing, agriculture, and other human activities over past 50 years. Scientists recently, predicted that average of global temperature could increase between 1.4 and 5.8 oc by the year 2100.

Some of the results of global warming are raising sea levels due to the melting of the polar ice caps, as well as an increase in occurrence and severity of storms and other severe weather events. After this in the future by increasing sea levels will start swamping small lands outskirts of extensive lands, such as islands. Now it’s time for us to start building new cities to save people.



Ship Island (the future city)

To build a new city but for same people and future generations is not easy at all, and it’s a very huge project which as to finish on time. For this purpose we need the best city planners, scientists and representatives of civil society and the private sector to discuss, and also Mayors of other cities for consultation.

As our city is going to sink, the first option which is enhancing city and the second one which is building an underground city are absolutely failed. After discussing with psychologists, we found that, we better to build a new city with some similar elements to existing cities that people can adapt themselves with that city, so the other two options, floating on air city and underwater city are also failed. The best choice after all researches and discussing with the best experts in different fields, we drew to start building a city floating on water.

As the future city will rescue people from drowning, My idea came up with growing out of Noah ship.

After this I decided to build a city like a very huge ship and use the highest technology in ships.

This city will be a fully green city to become a paradigm for all future cities where we will mostly supply electrical energy by using solar panels and turbines all around the island.



In our future city all electric supply will be underground level in the basement level of the ship.

Solar panels: these panels will be locate everywhere in the city and every building will use them in their exterior structure which move during days to face sunshine, so during days people may see that some buildings exterior is changing.

Turbines: Turbines also will provide electricity to people in this city. They will be located all around the ship in basement level, underwater, so water flow will make them start turning and producing energy to supply electricity all around the island.

But how to stable the city and how to prevent buildings topple? In this city we will have very huge anchors in every 500 meters around the island to make sure that water flow won’t wag this gigantic ship.

For buildings in our future city we will use the earthquake proof system that constructors are using in their buildings currently. In this system they build buildings within and they have this ability to topple a bit in a very limited area from their foundation during earthquakes but they will not collapse after it and they will stay stable.

One of the major problems for the future will be water, so we will have hatches and vey organize canal system which steer rain waters to sewage works for filtration and after that for supplying water, will send to different part of the city.

But what if we will have less rain in the future or even we will not have rain at



all? For this purpose the only option is seawater treatment and as our future city will be exactly on the seawater we will have the best and the newest technologies to use them, so after bringing seawater to our city by different suction ducts, it will filter in the main filters and then in cartridge filters, then will send to reverse osmosis system, and at the end we will have filtered water.

Waste handling:

Sewages will steer by tunnels, canals, and ducts to the sewer service in the main tank and after that will send to conveyance tanks. These conveyance tanks will send to the port and after that will send to the nearest land by ships.

What will happen to trashes in our future city? All rubbish will collect two times during twenty four hours from every single part of the city by special trucks, after that we collect recyclable rubbish, then recyclable rubbish will send for recycling and the rest will put in special containers which will send to the nearest land with ships for biomass purposes, but before that we will close up the volume of rubbish.

Transportation in Ship Island:



All vehicles in this island will use hydride system and they will be fully electric (Using fossil fuels for vehicles will not be allowed) which will help us to save more fossil fuels, decrease air pollution, and save the environment.

How to produce energy for vehicles? We will have stations which there are solar panels on top of it, they will save energy in the station and then vehicles can charge batteries easily and cheap.

Public transport: In Ship Island we will provide one or the most organize public transport system which includes fully electric buses with many stations in every part of the city, and city trains which will cover around the island by having 20 stations, this trains on the ground level at the middle of the main streets. This city train system will work fully electric and each station can supply energy by itself (solar panels).



To build a new city which is floating on water we will have a limited area. Our current area is 150km2 but we will live in a 70km2 area which is less than half of the current city, so we will need taller buildings and more compact.

This future city is planned very simply and organized. We will have fourteen parts in our future island in square shape, except two parts where two landmarks are going to located. As you can see in the map two landmarks (orange circles) will be located in two ends of the island and a main street including the city train will connect them , so people in this city can recognize them easily.


19km

4km

52km21X

9km2

2X


Landmark#1: Domes of Ship Island

This landmark will be a politics complex in our future city where, we will make the most important decisions.

Landmark #2: Port (main building)

This landmark will be a place for ship transit, either for people or cargos.



Main streets

Map information


Politics and city management complex

The port and navy base

Air pert and air force base

Industrial area: power station, sewage works, etc

Sport complex: football stadium, fishing confederation, etc

Health and medical center and also the largest mosque in the island

Business center including the largest international companies and their offices

Residential area (high rise)

Residential area (bungalows, terrace houses, etc)

Commercial area including the largest shopping malls in the city

Entertainment center including a funfair and water park, etc.

Security services (police, fire fighting, etc) and army base


This

organization doesn’t mean that for example there is no school in other parts except educational center or there is no police station except in security services center. WE will provide all major needs in every part of the city for people convenience

Electric supply:


Educational center including the largest university in the city

Land marks City train routes

City basement

Power station

Cables map


Sewage works:

How this future city will look like:

Borders between the water and one of the main streets


Power station

Main routes

Branches

Sub branches

Canals map

water


Squares which include parks with many fountains all around the city



The Process & Progress

First tutorial: researches





















Second tutorial (online): underwater city









Third tutorial: change to floating on water city





Fourth and the last tutorial: elements of the future city





















Conclusion

As I have chosen to become a quantity surveyor in the future, this project really helped me to understand about cities infrastructure.

When we choose to enter in construction industry, in fact we are entering in a very huge project to build and shape cities by being part of this project, so we need to learn about elements of building environment and all the things that we have to consider for a city and these are the things that I have learnt in this project. Building a city is not that easy and there are so many things in a city that people don’t know about them and they never go through details of the city they live in to understand how their city work, I also didn’t know much about cities, but after this project everything in the city is interesting for me.

After all I think we must start thinking about future cities, how do we want them to look like? What kind of things we have to consider? What kind of problems will we have? And many other questions, to choose the best for shaping ours and future generation’s life.

Reference links



http://www.aviewoncities.com/paris.htm

http://www.theatlanticcities.com/arts-and-lifestyle/2013/04/transit-expansion-designed-force-paris-make-peace-its-suburbs/5155/

http://english.hamburg.de/

http://www.futureofcitiesforum.com/

http://www.hitachi.com/products/smartcity/smart-infrastructure/

http://www.urbandesign.org/elements.html

http://akensai.com/ancient-sunken-cities/

http://www.future-cities.eu/project/idea-strategy/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxZKV8lCvzs

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvr1Emc9xrA

http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/06/04/planning-a-green-city/

http://www.contemporaryurbananthropology.com/pdfs/Mumford,%20What%20is%20a%20City_.pdf

http://www.urbandesign.gov.au/whatis/index.aspx

http://www.slideshare.net/jamesfurlo/underground-city-of-derinkuyu

http://us.sunpowercorp.com/homes/products-services/solar-panels/

http://www.whyzz.com/what-does-a-mayor-do


http://www.whyzz.com/what-does-a-mayor-do

http://us.sunpowercorp.com/homes/products-services/solar-panels/

http://www.slideshare.net/jamesfurlo/underground-city-of-derinkuyu

http://www.urbandesign.gov.au/whatis/index.aspx



http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/06/04/planning-a-green-city/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvr1Emc9xrA

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxZKV8lCvzs

http://www.future-cities.eu/project/idea-strategy/

http://akensai.com/ancient-sunken-cities/

http://www.urbandesign.org/elements.html

http://www.hitachi.com/products/smartcity/smart-infrastructure/

http://www.futureofcitiesforum.com/

http://english.hamburg.de/



http://www.aviewoncities.com/paris.htm