CELLULAR RESPIRATION

ENERGY

ATP

Adenosine triphosphateEnergy is the ability to ____________or__________.

Nearly every activity in modern society depends upon energy. cause changedo work

Why do you need energy?

growthActive transport

Temperature control

movement

The sun is the ultimate source of energy.

sun.Living things obtain this energy directly or indirectly from the ______Energy from the sun enters living systems when _________________absorb sunlight.plants and algae

foodcarbohydrates

The energy in sunlight is captured and used to make ______ . . . _________________.

These carbohydrates store chemical energy

. . . energy stored in chemical bonds.

sunCO2H2OGlucoseC6H12O6O2Photosynthesis is the process that converts light energy from the sun into chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of sugars . . . carbohydrates . . . food.

Photosynthesis takes place in the____________

chloroplastIn which organelle does photosynthesis take place?PhotosynthesissunlightglucosePhotosynthesis also produces oxygen.

oxygen

Carbondioxidewater6CO2+++6H2Olight energyC6H12O66 O2

The oxygen in our lovely atmosphere is the result of photosynthesis.

Sunlight Energy sourceAbsorbs sunlight Makes foodStored chemical energyConsumes foodStored energyConsumes food Stored energy The flow of energy in living systems:sun leaf caterpillar birdAutotrophs are organisms that use energy from sunlight to make carbohydrates . . . food. Autotrophs are organisms that make their own food. Autotrophs are producers.

carbohydrates

Examples of autotrophs :

algaeplantsSome protists

Some bacteriaUltimately, nearly all life on Earth depends on the ability of autotrophs to capture the energy of sunlight and store it in molecules of carbohydrates.

Some organisms eat plants, obtaining energy from the stored glucose in the plant.Some animals eat other animals.

Heterotrophs are organisms that must get energy from food instead of directly from the sun.

Heterotrophs cannot make their own food, they must consume food.

F U N G I

AnimalsExamples?Heterotrophs are consumers.

Animal-like protists

BacteriaHeterotrophs obtain energy from the food they eat. But how?

How does a car move? Gasoline is the fuel that powers the car.

Food is the fuel that powers our bodies.

All these macromolecules contain ______________.

stored chemical energylipidsproteins.What are the foods you eat composed of?The foods you eat are composed of _______________ :carbohydratesmacromolecules

Gasoline is the fuel that powers the car. Gasoline must be burned in order to release the energy to move the pistons.

The foods we eat must also be burned to produce energy to power our bodies.

The macromolecules in food must be broken down - - - digestion and burned - - - cellular respiration to release the stored chemical energy.

Cells obtain energy from food through the process of cellular respiration.Cellular respiration is a process by which food (glucose) is broken down to produce energy - - - ATP.

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP(glucose) (oxygen) carbon (water) (energy) dioxide

6Carbon1Carbon ATPCellular respiration consists of a series of enzyme-assisted chemical reactions that gradually release the chemical energy stored in food molecules.

The energy released is stored in ATP.

ATP is the energy molecule.

ATP powers the cell.

ATP

ATP

ATP is made in the mitochondria during the process of cellular respiration.

ATP --- adenosine triphosphate.

ATP immediate energyGlucose - short term energy storageCarbohydrates & Fats - long term energy storageA working muscle uses over 10 million ATPs per second

ATP - - - Immediate Source of Energy

The cell prefers carbohydrates over lipids, and lipids over proteins.

CarbohydratesMy favorite!!!Heres something interestingWhich is the cells favorite energy source?The cell harnesses the energy in macromolecules in the following order:

1. Carbohydrates

2. Lipids

3. Proteins

glycogen--- glucose stored in liver --- the liver secretes glucose when blood sugar is low.Carbohydrates Source of stored energy for cells.

glucose (in blood) --- quick energy --- make ATPSugars

BODY

FAT

Long term energy storageInsulation and ProtectionLipidsWhen an organism is not consuming enough food, the cell breaks down lipids for energy.--- stored energy --- lipids contain more energy than carbohydrates (2X) --- lipids store most of the energy in organisms (80% of energy is stored as fat)

so only in extreme circumstances, such as starvation, does your body break down proteins for energy.

ProteinsImportant?Yeah!EnzymesJust about everything is protein

They do all the work!