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Page 1: Energy in a Cell All Cells Need Energy Cells need energy to: –Make new molecules. –Build membranes and organelles. –Move molecules in and out of the

Energy in a Cell

                                       

Page 2: Energy in a Cell All Cells Need Energy Cells need energy to: –Make new molecules. –Build membranes and organelles. –Move molecules in and out of the

All Cells Need Energy

Cells need energy to:

– Make new molecules.

– Build membranes and organelles.

– Move molecules in and out of the cell.

– Move.

Page 3: Energy in a Cell All Cells Need Energy Cells need energy to: –Make new molecules. –Build membranes and organelles. –Move molecules in and out of the

Autotrophs (producers)

Organisms that make their own food Use light energy from the sun to make food

Example: PLANTS

Page 4: Energy in a Cell All Cells Need Energy Cells need energy to: –Make new molecules. –Build membranes and organelles. –Move molecules in and out of the

Heterotrophs (consumers)

Organisms that get energy from the foods they eat

Example: ANIMALS

Page 5: Energy in a Cell All Cells Need Energy Cells need energy to: –Make new molecules. –Build membranes and organelles. –Move molecules in and out of the

                                             

NOT a flashcard.

Page 6: Energy in a Cell All Cells Need Energy Cells need energy to: –Make new molecules. –Build membranes and organelles. –Move molecules in and out of the

Where Does A Cell Get Energy?

Food is broken down to a form the cell can use.

Extra energy is stored in an ATP molecule.

Page 7: Energy in a Cell All Cells Need Energy Cells need energy to: –Make new molecules. –Build membranes and organelles. –Move molecules in and out of the

ATPAdenosine triphosphate is a

molecule made up of– adenine

– ribose

– 3 phosphate groups.

Adenine

Ribose (ENERGY STORED HERE!)

Page 8: Energy in a Cell All Cells Need Energy Cells need energy to: –Make new molecules. –Build membranes and organelles. –Move molecules in and out of the

ADPAdenosine diphosphate. Made up of

– adenine– ribose– 2 phosphate groups.

Adenine

Ribose

Page 9: Energy in a Cell All Cells Need Energy Cells need energy to: –Make new molecules. –Build membranes and organelles. –Move molecules in and out of the

How Does ATP Work?Energy is stored in the bond between

the second and third phosphate group.

When the bond is broken, energy is released and ADP is formed.

Adenine

Ribose

Page 10: Energy in a Cell All Cells Need Energy Cells need energy to: –Make new molecules. –Build membranes and organelles. –Move molecules in and out of the

Storing EnergyEnergy is stored by the cell when 1

phosphate is added to the end of an ADP molecule forming ATP.

Adenine

Ribose

Adenine

Ribose

Page 11: Energy in a Cell All Cells Need Energy Cells need energy to: –Make new molecules. –Build membranes and organelles. –Move molecules in and out of the

2 Ways to make ENERGY!

1. Photosynthesis – takes place in the chloroplasts.

2. Cellular Respiration – takes place in the mitochondria.

Page 12: Energy in a Cell All Cells Need Energy Cells need energy to: –Make new molecules. –Build membranes and organelles. –Move molecules in and out of the

Photosynthesis

Autotrophs make their own food by trapping light energy and converting it to carbohydrates.

Equation:6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight C6H12O6 + 6O2

Page 13: Energy in a Cell All Cells Need Energy Cells need energy to: –Make new molecules. –Build membranes and organelles. –Move molecules in and out of the

The O2 released by photosynthesis is made from the oxygen in water.

Plants produce O2 gas by splitting water

6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight C6H12O6 + 6O2

NOT a flashcard.

Page 14: Energy in a Cell All Cells Need Energy Cells need energy to: –Make new molecules. –Build membranes and organelles. –Move molecules in and out of the

Cellular RespirationThe process of breaking down

food molecules to release energy.

Occurs in the mitochondria.

Equation:C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY

Page 15: Energy in a Cell All Cells Need Energy Cells need energy to: –Make new molecules. –Build membranes and organelles. –Move molecules in and out of the

Compare The Equations!

Photosynthesis:

Cellular Respiration:

6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight C6H12O6 + 6O2

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY

NOT a flashcard.

Page 16: Energy in a Cell All Cells Need Energy Cells need energy to: –Make new molecules. –Build membranes and organelles. –Move molecules in and out of the

Two Types of Respiration

Aerobic Respiration– requires oxygen.

Anaerobic Respiration– requires an absence of oxygen.

Page 17: Energy in a Cell All Cells Need Energy Cells need energy to: –Make new molecules. –Build membranes and organelles. –Move molecules in and out of the

The End

Any questions?

Page 18: Energy in a Cell All Cells Need Energy Cells need energy to: –Make new molecules. –Build membranes and organelles. –Move molecules in and out of the

Anaerobic RespirationTwo types:

– Fermentation – occurs when bacteria break down plants (vegetables and fruit) and release alcohol or vinegar.

– Lactic Acid Fermentation – occurs in muscles – a buildup of lactic acid causes soreness.

Page 19: Energy in a Cell All Cells Need Energy Cells need energy to: –Make new molecules. –Build membranes and organelles. –Move molecules in and out of the

Sunlight

Photo-System

I

Photo-system

II

NADP+

ADPNADPHATP

CalvinCO2

H2O

O2

ATP

ATP

NAD+ NADH

ElectronTransportSystem

Cycle

CitricAcid

Heat

CHLOROPLAST MITOCHONDRIAATP

Glycolysis

Glucose Pyruvate

Cycle

NOT a flashcard.

Page 20: Energy in a Cell All Cells Need Energy Cells need energy to: –Make new molecules. –Build membranes and organelles. –Move molecules in and out of the

ChemosynthesisSome autotrophs can convert

inorganic substances to energy.Most are adapted to live in conditions

where there is no oxygen.– Digestive tracts of mammals– Lake sediments– Marshes– Deep in the ocean

Page 21: Energy in a Cell All Cells Need Energy Cells need energy to: –Make new molecules. –Build membranes and organelles. –Move molecules in and out of the

                                             

NOT a flashcard.

Page 22: Energy in a Cell All Cells Need Energy Cells need energy to: –Make new molecules. –Build membranes and organelles. –Move molecules in and out of the

The End

Any questions?

Page 23: Energy in a Cell All Cells Need Energy Cells need energy to: –Make new molecules. –Build membranes and organelles. –Move molecules in and out of the

Photosynthesis in a picture!

NOT a flashcard.


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