Download pdf - Europeans, development aid and the Millennium ......Special Eurobarometer 352 Europeans, development aid and the Millennium Development Goals Fieldwork: June 2010 Publication: September

Special Eurobarometer 352

Europeans, development aid and the Millennium Development Goals

Fieldwork: June 2010

Publication: September 2010

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This survey was requested by the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Development and Relations with African, Caribbean and Pacific States and coordinated by the Directorate-General for Communication (“Research and Speechwriting" Unit). This document does not represent the point of view of the European Commission. The interpretations and opinions contained in it are solely those of the authors.

European Commission

Special Eurobarometer 352

Europeans, development aid and the Millennium Development Goals

Conducted by TNS Opinion & Social at the request of the European Commission’s Directorate-General

for Development and Relations with African, Caribbean and Pacific States

Survey co-ordinated by the Directorate-General for

Communication

TNS Opinion & Social Avenue Herrmann Debroux, 40

1160 Brussels Belgium

Special EUROBAROMETER 352 “EUROPEANS, DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MDGs”

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................2

1. DESPITE THE ON-GOING ECONOMIC CRISIS, THE IMPORTANCE OF

DEVELOPMENT AID REMAINS HIGH............................................................8

2. WORKING TOGETHER BRINGS ADDED VALUE...........................................13

3. EUROPEANS ARE PERSONALLY COMMITTED BUT AT DIFFERENT LEVELS..17

4. POVERTY AND ECONOMIC CRISIS: KEY CHALLENGES...............................25

5. INCREASING DEVELOPMENT AID ENDORSED BUT MORE CAUTIOUSLY

THAN BEFORE...........................................................................................31

6. EU TRADE AND FINANCE MEASURES AS WELL AS PEACE BUILDING

POLICIES SUPPORT DEVELOPING COUNTRIES .........................................39

7. LARGE INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS SEEN AS BEST PLACED TO

GIVE HELP ................................................................................................44

CONCLUSIONS...............................................................................................51

ANNEX

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

QUESTIONNAIRE

TABLES


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INTRODUCTION

This report examines European public opinion on development policy in general and

the EU’s role as aid donor in particular. Over 26,500 people living in the 27 EU

member states were surveyed in June 20101.

The results of the survey can be seen as a barometer of current European attitudes

toward development in view of two forthcoming events:

• A UN Summit on the Millennium Development Goals2 will take place in

September 2010, just five years ahead of the 2015 deadline of achieving the

Millennium Development Goals. The 8 Millennium Development Goals were set

by world leaders in the year 2000. This survey gauges the commitment of the

European public at the moment when – with 5 years to go – achievement of the

MDGs seems to be in jeopardy. Whilst some – MDG 1 eradication of poverty and

MDG 2 access to primary education – seem to be on track, others are far from

the target. In particular MDG 5 – 'to reduce by three quarters the maternal

mortality rate' – is way off track with 1,500 women dying every day of

complications relating to pregnancy and childbirth; 95 per cent of these deaths

occur in Africa or in Asia.

• Review of EU development policy: In autumn 2010, the European

Commission will issue a Green Paper on the ‘Future of Development

Policy’. This present survey pinpoints some of the challenges that EU policy

makers are facing particularly in communicating the EU’s contribution in this

area to the general public.

This present publication continues a series of reports exploring European awareness

of development cooperation issues since 2004. The last two surveys3 have been

carried out in the context of the worst world economic slump since the 1930’s.

1 Full methodological information can be found in the Technical Note annexed to the end of this report.

2 http://www.un.org/en/mdg/summit2010/index.shtml

3 The most recent study was published in October 2009: Special Eurobarometer 318 ‘Development Aid in

Times of Economic Turmoil’ in http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_318_en.pdf


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While countries are fighting against soaring unemployment rates and introducing

austerity measures in order to restore growth, development aid was expected to be

one of the evident ‘scapegoats’ losing importance when the minds of Europeans are

occupied with issues closer to home.

The current study took place against the background of significant public concerns

about the stability of European economies, triggered by the sovereign debt crisis in

Greece and the responses of the EU and Member State governments. This is in

contrast to the 2009 study where the focus of public attention was more on the

global effects of the financial crisis and looking for the first signs of economic

recovery in Europe.

Despite the economic context the results of this study show that Europeans remain

staunch supporters of development aid and they continue to back the EU strategy

of increasing development aid as promised. Outside official development aid

programmes, 30% of Europeans participate personally in helping poor countries

either by donating money or volunteering in relevant organizations.

This is not to say that the economic turmoil is passing without a trace. While the

generic indicator of perceived importance measuring the value basis of

development aid shows a positive change since 2009, the more concrete question

on the acceptable level of EU development aid reveals that, when it comes to

money, people are not as willing as they were 12 months ago to pass it to poorer

countries. Furthermore, the economic crisis is cited as the second most serious

problem facing the developing world, ahead of more fundamental and far-reaching

humanitarian needs such as food and health issues – perhaps shortsightedly

reflecting European domestic struggles rather than a real understanding of

problems in the developing world.

This survey also reconfirms the ‘communication challenge’ that the EU seems to be

facing when it comes to its visibility and conspicuousness as a development aid

actor. Even with the strong support and pro-EU cooperation stance of the European

public, the largest aid donor of the world is still under-recognised by its citizens.

Also a significant share – 21% - of Europeans remains indifferent when it comes to

helping the developing world.


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All things considered it can be said that the strong ethical value basis of European

development aid is largely unaffected by economic cycles; Europeans feel

responsible for helping their more disadvantaged counterparts. Yet, when the gaze

of Europeans is turned to domestic struggles, fewer are ready to concretely act on

development aid challenges than in periods of economic prosperity.

* * *

The report details the EU-wide findings as well as country-by-country breakdowns.

Where relevant, comparisons are made with previous surveys and background data

is introduced to place the results in the wider socio-economic context. Socio-

demographic variables are also taken into account in the analysis.

In this report, the countries are represented by their official abbreviations. The

abbreviations used in this report correspond to:

ABBREVIATIONS

EU27 European Union – 27 member states

EU15 The fifteen member states that were EU Members prior to the accession of ten

candidate countries on 1 May 2004

NMS12 The twelve member states that became EU Members in the 2004 or 2007

enlargement waves are referred to as NMS12 (New member states 12)

DK/NA Don’t know / No answer

BE Belgium

BG Bulgaria

CZ Czech Republic

DK Denmark

DE Germany

EE Estonia

EL Greece

ES Spain

FR France

IE Ireland

IT Italy

CY Republic of Cyprus

LT Lithuania

LV Latvia

LU Luxembourg

HU Hungary

MT Malta


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NL The Netherlands

AT Austria

PL Poland

PT Portugal

RO Romania

SI Slovenia

SK Slovakia

FI Finland

SE Sweden

UK The United Kingdom

The question being analysed is presented at the beginning of each chapter. As

Eurobarometer is an omnibus survey, i.e. each wave includes several topics, the

position of each theme is indicated by a letter in the question number (‘A’ refers to

the first topic, ‘B’ to the second topic, etc.). In this report, the letter ‘D’ in the

question number refers to the position of this particular theme among other topics.


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MAIN FINDINGS

High importance attached to development: 89% of Europeans attach a high

value to development cooperation with 45% finding it very important and 44%

fairly important. This is broadly in line with findings from earlier studies although

the proportion saying it is very important has increased from 39% in 2009.

Strong support for EU cooperation: Three-quarters (76%) of Europeans believe

that there is added value in EU countries working together on helping developing

countries.

A significant segment of the population personally contributes to aid but

many remain bystanders: 30% of the European public participates concretely in

helping poor countries either by donating money (26%) or volunteering in a

relevant organisation (4%). However, the largest segment of the population remain

bystanders: 42% support the goal without personal input and 21% express

indifference to development cooperation.

Poverty named as the number one problem in the developing world: Along

with the priorities of the Millennium Development goals, 42% cite poverty as the

most imminent problem faced by the developing world, thus instinctively choosing

MDG 1 – the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger – as the main challenge.

Poverty was also seen as the biggest challenge in 2009 (cited by 50%).

Citizens continue to back the EU’s commitment of increasing aid: Exactly a

half of the poll (50%) think that aid should be increased in line with the target set

by the EU, while 14% would increase aid even beyond this. A non-negligible

proportion (29%) is, however, ready to give up the promise. Although the majority

(64%) still think that aid should be increased, this proportion has declined from

2009 (72%).

The positive impact of other EU policies in developing countries

recognised: 43% of the European public believe that EU trade and finance polices

have a positive impact on developing countries, followed by agriculture (33%) and

migration (22%). Policies linked to current global challenges such as environmental

degradation (22%), energy sufficiency (21%) and climate change (18%) are also

seen to make a positive contribution.


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Ahead of the EU, the UN and the World Bank are seen as the best placed

actors to help developing countries: 27% of Europeans cite the UN as being in

the best position to give aid, followed by the World Bank (19%) and the EU (17%).

The proportion mentioning the EU in this context has declined from the 26%

recorded in 2009.


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1. DESPITE THE ON-GOING ECONOMIC CRISIS, THE IMPORTANCE OF

DEVELOPMENT AID REMAINS HIGH

QD2: In your opinion, is it very important, fairly important, not very important or

not at all important to help people in developing countries?

In the aftermath of the worst world economic crisis

since the 1930’s, a considerable majority - 89% - of

respondents think that development aid is important.

The economic turmoil is not going unnoticed but more

people are attaching high importance to development

aid again after the significant drop among those who

find development aid very important witnessed a year

ago. This result underlines once more the generally

supportive value basis of development aid: the

humanitarian obligation to help others felt in the

European Union does not to change much with

economic cycles.

45%

39%

53%

44%

49%

38%

7%

7%

5%

June 2010

May/June 2009

November 2004

QD2 In your opinion, is it ... to help people in developing countries? - % EU

Very important Fairly important Not very important Not at all important Don't know

The high public support for development cooperation has remained steady through

not only the recent economic turmoil, but also the strong growth momentum

experienced earlier in this decade. In June 2010, 89% of the citizens of the

European Union believe that development aid is important. The overall levels of

support have hardly changed compared to November 2004 when the figure was

91% and May/June 2009 when 88% found development aid important.


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The current economic turmoil is not, however, going unnoticed and the last three

surveys have registered significant changes in the intensity of support. Right after

the crisis hit bottom, the share of people who considered aid as ‘very important’

declined significantly, from 53% in 2004 to 39% in 2009. This evolution is reversed

in the present survey with 45% of the European public now finding aid ‘very

important’ which suggests that the recovery process has begun.

A country-by-country analysis shows little difference in overall support but a closer

examination reveals a number of patterns that seem to be partly linked to the

severity of the economic crisis and to the levels of official development aid in a

country as was seen in the previous study in 2009.


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Among the ‘most supportive’ countries, Sweden (96% of very and fairly important),

Ireland (95%), Denmark (94%), Finland (94%), Luxembourg (93%) and the UK

(91%) are all countries where official aid figures matched or exceeded the EU

target of 0.51% of GDP in 20094.

At the same time, a number of countries that have been severely hit by the

economic crisis as measured by GDP growth5, show relatively lower – yet significant

– levels of overall support for development aid. These countries include Bulgaria

(79%), Estonia (84%) and Latvia (86%).

It is however evident that the grouping above falls short on explaining many other

results registered in this present survey. For example, while Greece is currently

facing a severe debt crisis that has caused concerns throughout the euro area, its

people continue to express average levels of support for development aid (90%).

Elsewhere, respondents in the Netherlands attach relatively less importance to

development cooperation (88%) even though the country has one of the highest

aid targets in Europe (0.8% of GDP by 2010) and exceeded the EU objective in

2009 (0.82%).

The previous surveys in 2009 and 2004 registered a difference in attitudes between

the member states that joined the EU most recently and those with a longer period

in the EU, with respondents in NMS12 (The 12 New member states of the EU)

attaching lower levels of importance to development cooperation. This initial divide

was already fading away in spring 2009 and is now nearly non-existent: the overall

support is at 90% in EU15 and 89% in NMS12 and the only detectable divide is in

the intensity of support (47% very important in EU15 against 40% in NMS12).

4 European NGO confederation for relief and development: Penalty Against Poverty: More and better EU

aid can score Millennium Development Goals : see

http://www.concordeurope.org/Public/Page.php?ID=31754

5 Eurostat newsrelease 7 July 2010 in http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/2-07072010-

AP/EN/2-07072010-AP-EN.PDF


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In fact, the most positive evolutions are registered among some of the member

states that joined recently, namely Romania and Cyprus, although a positive

evolution is detected in nearly every country since June 2009, as shown in the

chart above.

As in 2009, two socio-demographic groups are more likely to see high value in

development cooperation, namely younger respondents – and, coinciding with this,

students – and those with a high socio-economic status in terms of occupation and

education. This shows that those Europeans who are least likely to come under

pressure in times of economic hardship (youngsters who do not work and highly

qualified professionals) are the most supportive of development assistance.


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Very important

Fairly important

Not very important

Not at all important DK

EU27 45% 44% 7% 2% 2%

Age15-24 52% 40% 5% 2% 1%25-39 46% 44% 6% 2% 2%40-54 44% 46% 6% 2% 2%55 + 42% 45% 7% 3% 3%Education (End of)15- 39% 47% 7% 3% 4%16-19 44% 45% 7% 2% 2%20+ 51% 41% 5% 2% 1%Still studying 52% 39% 5% 2% 2%Occupation Self- employed 47% 43% 6% 3% 1%Managers 53% 41% 4% 1% 1%Other white collars 44% 46% 6% 2% 2%Manual workers 41% 48% 7% 2% 2%House persons 46% 43% 6% 2% 3%Unemployed 46% 43% 7% 2% 2%Retired 42% 44% 8% 3% 3%Students 52% 39% 5% 2% 2%Self-positioning on the social staircaseLow(1-4) 42% 45% 7% 3% 3%Medium(5-6) 45% 45% 6% 2% 2%High(7-10) 49% 43% 5% 2% 1%

QD2 In your opinion, is it very important, fairly important, not very important or not at all important to help people in developing countries?

Based on the results presented above, it could be argued that the driver of

European public opinion on the importance of development aid could be described

as a general responsibility of the ‘stronger’ to help the ‘weaker’. Factors such as the

economic situation and the ‘development aid culture’ of a country do play a role

but, in the end, very few Europeans find helping those in need unimportant.

Furthermore, public opinion on development aid seems to have suffered less due to

the economic crisis than some other spheres of public life such as the support for

and trust in EU institutions or EU membership6, which further reinforces the idea of

moral considerations as the driver of support for development aid.

6 Standard Eurobarometer 69 ’Public Opinion in the European Union’ – First Results

http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/eb/eb69/eb_69_first_en.pdf


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2. WORKING TOGETHER BRINGS ADDED VALUE

QD6 Do you think there is added value in EU member states working together on

helping developing countries?

An overwhelming majority of people in the EU (76%)

think that there is added value in EU countries working

together to help developing countries. This reinforces

the mandate of the European Union, which is the

largest aid donor in the world, to respond to the

challenges posed by the needs of developing countries.

Not only are Europeans highly supportive of development aid, they also largely feel

that EU countries should work together in helping developing countries. Just over

three-quarters (76%) think that EU cooperation brings added value when pursuing

the goals of combating poverty, hunger and disease in the developing world.

Exactly the same proportions, 38%, think this is definitely or to some extent the

case while only 14% believe that cooperation is not advantageous. 10% of people

are not able to form an opinion in this respect.


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The EU seems to have a strong mandate as a development aid actor in the eyes of

its citizens. This was something that was also observed in the previous survey in

spring 2009 when 61% of respondents believed that bringing a European

perspective to the global debate on development brings added value7.

While the absolute majority in every country believes that EU cooperation brings

added value, at least to some extent, considerable differences are observed

between countries, ranging from 94% of respondents in Sweden to 54% of

respondents in Lithuania having a positive view in this respect.

7 Special EB 318 ‘Development aid in times of economic turmoil’

http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_318_en.pdf


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Generally speaking in countries where public opinion is favourable for development

cooperation in general, the support for EU cooperation is also higher. We see this

pattern in, for example, Sweden, Luxembourg, Denmark and the Netherlands – also

countries that have the highest national aid targets.

Conversely, respondents in Lithuania, the Czech Republic and Slovenia have less

faith in the effectiveness of EU cooperation, illustrating the difference detected

between EU15 and NMS12: 78% of the public in the EU15 believe in the added

value of working together while 70% of respondents in the member states that

joined more recently trust in EU cooperation.

This divide can, however, be directly attributed to the higher ‘don’t know levels’ in

NMS12 (15% against 9% in EU15). A previous survey carried out among this

country group in May/June 20078 showed a significant information gap among

respondents regarding EU development aid. Therefore it can be assumed that a

lack of information at least partly explains the lower support for EU cooperation

here.

Yes, definitely Yes, to some extent

No, not really No, definitely not

DK

EU27 38% 38% 10% 4% 10%

Age15-24 39% 38% 9% 3% 11%25-39 40% 39% 10% 3% 8%40-54 40% 38% 9% 4% 9%55 + 35% 38% 10% 4% 13%Education (End of)15- 31% 38% 11% 4% 16%16-19 36% 40% 11% 4% 9%20+ 48% 36% 7% 3% 6%Still studying 40% 39% 8% 2% 11%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 43% 37% 9% 3% 8%Managers 49% 35% 7% 3% 6%Other white collars 36% 43% 11% 4% 6%Manual workers 38% 39% 11% 3% 9%House persons 35% 37% 10% 2% 16%Unemployed 40% 34% 11% 4% 11%Retired 33% 39% 11% 4% 13%Students 40% 39% 8% 2% 11%Self-positioning on the social staircaseLow(1-4) 33% 37% 11% 4% 15%Medium(5-6) 38% 39% 10% 3% 10%High(7-10) 43% 39% 9% 3% 6%

QD6 Do you think there is added value in EU Member States working together on helping developing countries?

8 Special EB 286 ‘Citizens of the new EU member states and Development Aid’ : see



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As can be seen in the table above, a higher socio-economic status tends to

correlate with attaching a higher general importance to development cooperation.

Similarly this group is more likely to value EU cooperation. This may well be due to

greater understanding of the benefits for both the recipient and the donor

countries: respondents with a high level of education and a high occupational status

tend to be generally more knowledgeable about development aid issues.

Problems in the developing world are global and are seen to demand a global

answer. The European public generally supports common action at EU level when it

comes to global issues, such as promoting peace and democracy in the world9.

Development cooperation is no exception to this: Europeans give the EU a strong

mandate to act in the field of helping poor countries.

9 Standard EB 71 ‚Public opinion in the European Union’ : see

http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/eb/eb71/eb71_std_part1.pdf


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3. EUROPEANS ARE PERSONALLY COMMITTED BUT AT DIFFERENT

LEVELS

QD3 How would you describe yourself in relation to helping people in developing

countries?

9 out of 10 Europeans believe that it is important to

help people in developing countries and 72% describe

themselves as actively in favour of such support.

However, the level of involvement varies, with most

respondents (42%) generally favouring the goal but

remaining as ‘development aid free-riders’ without

active input, whereas 30% either give money to

development aid or volunteer with a relevant

organisation.


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As seen above, European public opinion is strongly supportive both of development

aid in general and of EU cooperation in this area. Besides this generally positive

attitude, 72% also express their personal commitment to that end. 30% contribute

concretely to development aid either by giving money (26%) or by volunteering in

a relevant organisation (4%). However, 42% endorse the goals of development aid

but are not personally involved. Very few Europeans are opposed to development

cooperation altogether but a significant share, 21%, seem indifferent to voluntary

activities and simply say they are not involved.

On the one hand, besides official EU aid, a high proportion of individual Europeans

are involved in helping the developing world which proves the commitment of

Europeans to combat the problems faced by these countries and their citizens. On

the other hand, the results show a gap between the perceived importance and

concrete actions: when looking at the group that think development aid is very

important, only 45% are actively involved.


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You are in favor of helping developing

countries without being a volunteer or giving

money yourself

You give money to an organisation helping developing countries

but you are not an active volunteer

You are not involved in helping people in

developing countries

You are a volunteer in an organisation helping


You are opposed to giving help to

developing countriesRefusal (SP.) DK

EU27 42% 26% 21% 4% 3% 1% 3%

BE 31% 35% 22% 6% 4% 1% 1%

BG 59% 4% 21% 1% 4% 2% 9%

CZ 51% 16% 26% 2% 4% 1% 0%

DK 28% 55% 8% 6% 2% 0% 1%

DE 41% 35% 13% 4% 3% 1% 3%

EE 42% 6% 41% 3% 4% 2% 2%

EL 61% 8% 24% 1% 3% 2% 1%

ES 47% 19% 25% 7% 1% 0% 1%

FR 52% 22% 14% 4% 4% 1% 3%

IE 20% 61% 13% 4% 1% 0% 1%

IT 55% 23% 8% 5% 2% 2% 5%

CY 68% 17% 10% 2% 1% 0% 2%

LT 43% 11% 38% 1% 3% 1% 3%

LV 28% 5% 59% 2% 3% 1% 2%

LU 25% 55% 6% 10% 1% 1% 2%

HU 49% 8% 32% 4% 2% 2% 3%

MT 16% 56% 22% 2% 2% 1% 1%

NL 22% 57% 12% 5% 4% 0% 0%

AT 35% 38% 15% 5% 2% 3% 2%

PL 45% 14% 34% 1% 2% 1% 3%

PT 48% 11% 34% 2% 2% 0% 3%

RO 44% 2% 40% 1% 3% 2% 8%

SI 32% 19% 39% 2% 7% 1% 0%

SK 40% 22% 33% 1% 2% 1% 1%

FI 28% 51% 11% 9% 1% 0% 0%

SE 27% 58% 10% 4% 1% 0% 0%

UK 25% 35% 30% 5% 3% 0% 2%

QD3 How would you describe yourself in relation to helping people in developing countries?

Highest percentage per country Lowest percentage per countryHighest percentage per item Lowest percentage per item


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The personal perspective reveals more differences between countries than the

generic question about the importance of development aid. Based on the level of

personal commitment, the following country groups can be distinguished:

Countries where people are actively involved: Ireland, Sweden, the

Netherlands, Malta, Luxembourg, Denmark, Finland, Austria, Belgium and the UK.

• In these countries the largest segment of the poll donates money to aid

organisations and people in Luxembourg and Finland are the most likely of

all to volunteer in a relevant organisation;


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• These countries generally opt for higher aid targets than agreed within the

EU and have also kept their commitments in recent years10. A relatively

positive GDP development also describes this group of countries. Malta is an

exception to this pattern but only to a certain extent: among the member

states that recently joined the EU, Malta ranks first when measured by the

ratio of aid of GDP.

Countries where people are supportive but not involved: Cyprus, Greece,

Bulgaria, Italy, France, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Portugal, Spain, Poland,

Romania, Lithuania, Estonia, Germany and Slovakia.

• This heterogeneous group of countries includes most of the southern

member states as well as France and Germany and a number of countries

that joined the EU during the past decade;

• This largest group of countries perhaps reflects the nature of public opinion

on development aid: ‘it is morally right to help people in need and therefore

it is a valuable goal per se but this does not imply concrete actions at a

personal level’;

Countries where people are not involved: Latvia and Slovenia, a high

proportion also in Estonia and Romania.

• Latvia, Slovenia, Estonia and Romania have been hit relatively hard by the

economic crisis compared to other member states. It is assumed that this

impacts public opinion and it has already been shown that the public in

these countries attach relatively low importance to development aid. The

impact seems to be more distinct when it comes to the personal stance of

individuals: in Latvia and Slovenia the largest segment of the population

expresses indifference when asked about their personal stance regarding

development cooperation.

10 European NGO confederation for relief and development: Penalty Against Poverty: More and better EU

aid can score Millennium Development Goals in

http://www.concordeurope.org/Public/Page.php?ID=31754


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EU15 NMS12

You are a volunteer in an organisation helping developing countries

5% 1%

You give money to an organisation helping developing countries but you are not an active volunteer

30% 11%

You are in favor of helping developing countries without being a volunteer or giving money yourself

41% 46%

You are not involved in helping people in developing countries

17% 34%

You are opposed to giving help to developing countries

3% 3%

Refusal (SPONTANEOUS) 1% 1%

DK 3% 4%


The patterns observed regarding the personal stance of Europeans are also

reflected in a comparison between EU15 and NMS12.

• People in the EU15 are significantly more likely to be actively involved in

development aid (35% in EU15 against 12% in NMS12);

• Conversely, considerably more respondents in the NMS12 express

indifference when it comes to development cooperation (34% in NMS12

against 17% in EU15);

Respondents’ personal situations vary significantly according to their socio-

economic status and, partly overlapping this, with their age.

• As already postulated above regarding the perceived importance of

development aid, young people are highly supportive of the ideal but then

turn out to be the largest group of ‘development aid free-riders’, i.e.

supporting the cause but not acting on it (50%);

• As one might expect, the highly educated professionals is the group that is

the most likely to be directly involved, mainly by donating money as they

probably have both the understanding of the goal and means to support it.


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You are in favor of helping developing countries

without being a volunteer or giving money yourself

You give money to an organisation helping

developing countries but you are not an active

volunteer



You are a volunteer in an organisation helping developing

countries

You are opposed to giving help to

developing countriesRefusal (SP.) DK

EU27 42% 26% 21% 4% 3% 1% 3%

Sex

Male 43% 24% 22% 4% 3% 1% 3%Female 42% 28% 20% 4% 2% 1% 3%Age

15-24 50% 18% 21% 5% 2% 1% 3%25-39 45% 24% 22% 3% 2% 1% 3%40-54 41% 29% 20% 4% 3% 1% 2%55 + 38% 29% 21% 4% 3% 1% 4%Education (End of)

15- 43% 22% 23% 3% 4% 1% 4%16-19 42% 24% 24% 3% 3% 1% 3%20+ 39% 36% 16% 5% 2% 1% 1%Still studying 52% 19% 18% 5% 2% 1% 3%Occupation

Self- employed 40% 31% 19% 5% 2% 1% 2%Managers 39% 39% 14% 4% 1% 1% 2%Other white collars 43% 30% 18% 4% 1% 1% 3%Manual workers 44% 22% 23% 4% 3% 1% 3%House persons 44% 23% 22% 3% 3% 1% 4%Unemployed 45% 17% 28% 4% 3% 1% 2%Retired 38% 28% 22% 3% 4% 1% 4%Students 52% 19% 18% 5% 2% 1% 3%Self-positioning on the social staircase

Low(1-4) 46% 17% 25% 3% 4% 1% 4%Medium(5-6) 44% 26% 20% 4% 2% 1% 3%High(7-10) 37% 35% 18% 5% 2% 1% 2%



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Taking everything into account, the personal stance of the respondent appears to

reveal more about public opinion on development aid than the generic question

about its importance. It also seems to be more directly linked to one's personal

domestic economic situation as well as to general ‘development aid culture’ in a

country.


- 25 -

4. POVERTY AND ECONOMIC CRISIS: KEY CHALLENGES

QD1 In your opinion what are the two biggest challenges currently facing

developing countries?11

In line with the priorities of the Millennium

Development Goals, Europeans continue to see

poverty as the greatest challenge facing the

developing world (42%), the second biggest problem

being considered the economic crisis (36%). This is

broadly in line with the relative priorities noted in

2009.

11 Note that two new items ‘Water’ and ‘Education’ were introduced in this present survey. Consequently,

the results from 2009 and this study are not directly comparable.


- 26 -

Since 2007, Europeans have considered poverty as the number one problem in

developing countries, with 42% of Europeans citing it in the present survey. As

stated earlier, the European public appears to have an understanding of the single

biggest challenge in the developing world which underlines many other problems

faced in poor countries that of poverty, MDG 1.

Reflecting the current world situation, 36% name the economic crisis among the

two biggest challenges. It is, however, hard to say to what extent this opinion

reflects the challenges currently faced by Europeans themselves in their national

contexts and to what extent an understanding of the impact of the depression in

the most vulnerable economies in the developing world.

In line with the Millennium Development Goals, access to food as well as health

issues follow with around a fifth of the European public citing them.

When looking at the problems that are widely seen as current global challenges,

such as climate change and energy, very few respondents place them among the

most prominent problems in the developing world. It would therefore appear that

Europeans see the most basic needs of human well-being as the primary goals of

development aid, while the relatively recent global issues arising from growing

consumption in the developed world are to be tackled elsewhere.

The new items, water and education are cited by 18% and 13% of respondents

respectively.


- 27 -

PovertyThe economic

crisis Food Health issues Water

Poor governance Education

Civil unrest\ conflict

Climate change

Migration flows Energy

Other (SP.) DK

EU27 42% 36% 20% 19% 18% 18% 13% 10% 7% 5% 4% 1% 1%

BE 35% 30% 26% 21% 23% 18% 11% 10% 8% 6% 3% 0% 1%

BG 48% 48% 25% 21% 9% 9% 5% 6% 9% 6% 2% 0% 2%

CZ 48% 33% 20% 31% 13% 5% 13% 18% 5% 3% 3% 0% 0%

DK 42% 26% 12% 32% 12% 14% 26% 16% 14% 3% 1% 1% 0%

DE 38% 21% 28% 18% 21% 22% 22% 11% 10% 2% 2% 0% 0%

EE 46% 43% 17% 26% 9% 10% 12% 17% 2% 4% 3% 1% 2%

EL 53% 42% 18% 19% 16% 11% 10% 7% 6% 7% 4% 1% 1%

ES 48% 49% 17% 12% 12% 24% 11% 6% 5% 4% 2% 0% 0%

FR 40% 37% 22% 18% 23% 17% 12% 5% 9% 7% 6% 0% 1%

IE 36% 29% 26% 28% 19% 24% 14% 9% 4% 2% 2% 1% 1%

IT 38% 48% 17% 14% 20% 11% 9% 9% 5% 7% 4% 1% 1%

CY 43% 55% 16% 26% 8% 14% 5% 9% 6% 14% 3% 1% 0%

LT 42% 59% 10% 13% 3% 19% 9% 10% 1% 16% 8% 1% 2%

LV 44% 55% 14% 15% 5% 14% 11% 11% 3% 9% 2% 0% 3%

LU 39% 32% 16% 12% 19% 24% 19% 9% 8% 5% 5% 1% 0%

HU 52% 43% 23% 21% 20% 7% 4% 9% 9% 1% 6% 1% 0%

MT 43% 44% 11% 16% 6% 21% 11% 10% 8% 11% 11% 2% 0%

NL 33% 15% 22% 25% 25% 26% 17% 23% 6% 3% 1% 1% 0%

AT 38% 25% 26% 21% 25% 16% 13% 10% 9% 6% 4% 0% 1%

PL 36% 42% 20% 23% 11% 12% 12% 14% 4% 3% 7% 0% 4%

PT 51% 44% 23% 16% 9% 17% 7% 6% 2% 2% 2% 4% 2%

RO 60% 64% 16% 14% 4% 16% 7% 4% 4% 2% 1% 0% 1%

SI 44% 50% 12% 20% 11% 19% 5% 17% 9% 2% 3% 1% 0%

SK 52% 37% 14% 25% 17% 10% 9% 14% 10% 3% 2% 0% 1%

FI 45% 11% 22% 28% 24% 21% 22% 17% 2% 2% 1% 1% 0%

SE 42% 25% 4% 18% 20% 24% 24% 20% 14% 4% 2% 1% 0%

UK 41% 25% 19% 19% 20% 28% 10% 12% 6% 6% 6% 2% 2%

QD1 In your opinion what are the two biggest challenges currently facing developing countries?



- 28 -

As hypothesised above, domestic economic situations seem to be reflected in the

perceived problems in the developing world. In 18 member states the largest

segment of the poll cites poverty as the number one problem. This group of

countries includes nearly all member states that have belonged to the EU for a

longer period but also a number of more recent members. At the same time,

respondents in 9 countries place the economic crisis as the top-challenge facing the

developing world. This group includes mainly newer member states and countries

that have generally a lower GDP than the EU average and a number of countries

that have been particularly strongly hit by the current economic turmoil, such as

Spain, Latvia and Lithuania.

It is interesting to see that the problems identified by the European public appear

to coincide with the challenges named by people in one part of the developing world

– in Africa. A survey carried out by GlobeScan in 2005 (more info on

www.globescan.com), reveals that most Africans name economic-related problems

– poverty, unemployment, the economy – ahead of all others, including health and

government corruption, as the most important problems facing their country12.

Some patterns can be observed according to the socio-demographic profiles of

respondents:

• Those who finished education relatively early (aged 15 or under) and the

unemployed who may be more likely to have limited means, tend to think

that poverty is the biggest challenge facing poorer countries;

• Respondents with a high socio-economic profile in terms of education and

occupation are more likely to cite problems related to domestic affairs such

as poor governance and civil unrest;

• Respondents that are still in education, namely students and, overlapping

with this, the youngest age group, place more importance on education than

the other socio-demographic groups.

12 ‘Africans' Views of Their Country’ 2005; countries surveyed Angola, Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria,

South Africa, Tanzania and Zimbabwe. Selected data available at:

http://www.globescan.com/rf_aid_views_01.htm


- 29 -

PovertyThe economic

crisisFood

Health issues

Water Poor

governanceEducation


Climate change

Migration flows

Energy Other (SP.) DK

EU27 42% 36% 20% 19% 18% 18% 13% 10% 7% 5% 4% 1% 1%

Gender

Male 40% 36% 20% 17% 18% 20% 14% 10% 6% 5% 5% 1% 1%Female 43% 36% 21% 20% 17% 16% 12% 10% 7% 4% 3% 0% 1%Age

15-24 42% 36% 18% 21% 16% 16% 19% 9% 7% 5% 4% 1% 1%25-39 40% 40% 19% 20% 15% 19% 14% 10% 7% 4% 5% 0% 1%40-54 41% 36% 21% 19% 18% 20% 12% 11% 7% 4% 3% 1% 1%55 + 43% 34% 22% 16% 20% 18% 10% 10% 6% 5% 3% 1% 2%Education (End of)

15- 45% 36% 24% 16% 20% 17% 8% 9% 6% 4% 3% 1% 2%16-19 42% 38% 22% 19% 17% 17% 12% 10% 7% 5% 4% 1% 1%20+ 39% 33% 15% 19% 18% 23% 17% 12% 8% 5% 4% 1% 0%Still studying 41% 34% 19% 21% 17% 17% 20% 10% 7% 5% 4% 1% 1%Occupation

Self-employed 40% 38% 18% 18% 17% 21% 14% 10% 6% 6% 4% 0% 1%Managers 37% 30% 18% 19% 19% 24% 19% 13% 7% 4% 4% 1% 0%Other white collars 38% 37% 19% 20% 17% 18% 13% 13% 8% 5% 4% 1% 0%Manual workers 41% 40% 20% 20% 16% 18% 12% 8% 8% 4% 5% 0% 1%House persons 44% 39% 23% 17% 16% 16% 11% 9% 5% 4% 3% 0% 2%Unemployed 47% 40% 21% 17% 17% 19% 11% 9% 6% 3% 3% 1% 1%Retired 45% 33% 22% 17% 20% 17% 9% 10% 6% 5% 3% 1% 2%Students 41% 34% 19% 21% 17% 17% 20% 10% 7% 5% 4% 1% 1%

QD1 In your opinion what are the two biggest challenges currently facing developing countries?


- 30 -

Overall, the European public seems to have a fairly accurate idea of the greatest

challenges facing the developing world today and their views correspond to the

priorities of the Millennium Development Goals.


- 31 -

5. INCREASING DEVELOPMENT AID ENDORSED BUT MORE CAUTIOUSLY

THAN BEFORE

QD5 The European Union has promised to increase the level of its aid towards

developing countries. Given the current economic situation, which of the following

propositions best describe your opinion?

European support for increasing development aid

remains high at 64%. Exactly half of the respondents

would honour the EU commitment to increase aid and

14% would even go beyond this. Yet the severity of

the economic crisis seems to be reflected in the

results: more respondents than last year would now

opt for maintaining development aid at current levels

or even want to reduce aid. Public opinion continues to

endorse the motto “keeping our promises” but this

now seems to be somewhat less of a ‘moral absolute’.


- 32 -

To further gauge public support for development aid, Europeans were asked about

their opinion on current aid commitments. The EU has promised to increase aid to a

level that corresponds to 0.7% of national GNI by 2015, in line with the UN target.

The target for the NMS12 is set at 0.33% by 2015.

This question perhaps reveals the single strongest reflection of the economic crisis

in European public opinion. While the vast majority of respondents continue to

support the EU aid commitment (50%) or even want to go beyond it (14%),

significantly more people (+10 percentage points) are now ready to give up the

promise and keep the current level of aid (15%, +7 points) or even to reduce aid to

developing countries (14%, +3 points). This result reverses the positive evolution

witnessed between 2004 and 2007 when a significant increase in support for

increasing aid was observed.

The largest segment of the public in every member state continues to opt for

honouring the aid commitment but considerable variation between countries is

seen:

• Again we see that in some countries readiness to decrease development aid

is correlated with the situation of the domestic economy. Bulgaria is the only

country where those who would not keep the European aid commitment

outnumber those who would keep the promise. High levels (35% or more) of

those who would either reduce or cap aid are also observed in Lithuania, the

Czech Republic, Latvia, Hungary, Ireland and Portugal – all countries

suffering from a severe recession. However, this correlation is not all-

encompassing since countries such as the Netherlands and Germany with

recent positive economic indicators are found in this group.


- 33 -

• Also continuing the general pattern emerging in this survey, respondents in

Sweden, Luxembourg, Denmark and Finland – all countries with high aid

commitments and generally favourable economic development – are the

most likely to say they would like to increase development aid in line with

the EU commitment. Interestingly, a different trio of countries emerges in

the top of the ranking when it comes to increasing aid beyond the agreed

targets: Italy, Austria and Spain.


- 34 -

The swing in the opinion mood is best illustrated by looking at the evolution since

May/June 2009 by country:

• When first looking at the proportions of those who would increase the level

of aid beyond what has been foreseen, a significant decrease is observed in

all countries except Austria, Latvia and Bulgaria. The largest drops are

observed in Cyprus, Romania and Greece. In Cyprus and Romania this

decline is largely compensated for by an increase among those who ‘want to

keep the promise’ but in Greece the ongoing debt crisis appears to have led

to significantly more people now opting for keeping the level unchanged or

even reducing it.

• Among respondents who are favourable to keeping current aid levels and

not honouring the EU aid commitment, a significant increase is observed in

Portugal, the Netherlands, Bulgaria, Finland, Greece, Estonia, Hungary,

Spain and Germany. Altogether, in 24 countries respondents are now more

likely than in 2009 to opt for not increasing the aid even though the EU is

committed to that end.

Similar tendencies have been recorded in national surveys on development aid. For

example a survey published by the Finnish Foreign Ministry in July 2010 noted a

strong increase of respondents in favour of reducing development aid although

general support remains high.13

13http://www.formin.fi/Public/default.aspx?contentid=196975&nodeid=15148&contentlan=2&culture=en

-US


- 35 -

June 2010 May / June 2009 June 2010 May / June 2009 June 2010 May / June 2009 June 2010 May / June 2009 June 2010 May / June 2009

EU27 14% 24% 50% 48% 15% 8% 14% 11% 7% 9%

BE 13% 22% 51% 51% 15% 9% 19% 14% 2% 4%

BG 4% 6% 31% 39% 24% 11% 23% 21% 18% 23%

CZ 9% 23% 52% 48% 15% 8% 21% 14% 3% 7%

DK 13% 30% 66% 57% 8% 4% 12% 7% 1% 2%

DE 9% 18% 48% 54% 21% 10% 15% 12% 7% 6%

EE 7% 16% 54% 49% 19% 8% 15% 18% 5% 9%

EL 15% 38% 46% 43% 20% 8% 14% 9% 5% 2%

ES 21% 34% 43% 45% 17% 6% 15% 7% 4% 8%

FR 16% 23% 58% 52% 8% 7% 14% 12% 4% 6%

IE 8% 15% 51% 50% 20% 13% 15% 13% 6% 9%

IT 22% 26% 44% 47% 13% 7% 13% 9% 8% 11%

CY 10% 40% 58% 36% 13% 6% 12% 4% 7% 14%

LT 9% 15% 38% 37% 19% 12% 27% 22% 7% 14%

LV 13% 13% 49% 38% 12% 12% 23% 30% 3% 7%

LU 19% 26% 63% 51% 9% 4% 6% 11% 3% 8%

HU 11% 20% 48% 47% 22% 11% 13% 14% 6% 8%

MT 15% 18% 50% 48% 12% 6% 17% 11% 6% 17%

NL 8% 20% 55% 60% 20% 6% 15% 10% 2% 4%

AT 21% 19% 50% 46% 14% 12% 11% 16% 4% 7%

PL 12% 22% 54% 45% 13% 8% 9% 8% 12% 17%

PT 8% 18% 48% 49% 19% 5% 16% 5% 9% 23%

RO 14% 35% 44% 30% 8% 4% 12% 6% 22% 25%

SI 12% 26% 51% 51% 14% 7% 20% 11% 3% 5%

SK 10% 17% 55% 56% 16% 9% 15% 13% 4% 5%

FI 5% 17% 60% 65% 22% 9% 11% 7% 2% 2%

SE 16% 29% 68% 54% 9% 4% 5% 9% 2% 4%

UK 11% 25% 55% 45% 15% 8% 15% 13% 4% 9%


QD5 The European Union has promised to increase the level of its aid towards developing countries. Given the current economic situation, which of the following propositions best describe your opinion?

We should increase European aid to developing countries

beyond what is already promised

We should keep our promise to increase aid to developing

countries

We should not increase the levels of aid to developing countries

even though it has been promised

We should reduce aid to developing countries as we can no longer

afford itDon't know


- 36 -

We should increase European aid to developing countries beyond what is

already promised

We should keep our promise to increase aid to


We should not increase the levels of aid to

developing countries even though it has been

promised

We should reduce aid to developing

countries as we can no longer afford it

DK

EU27 14% 50% 15% 14% 7%

Age15-24 19% 52% 12% 10% 7%25-39 14% 52% 15% 14% 5%40-54 13% 52% 15% 14% 6%55 + 12% 47% 17% 16% 8%Education (End of)15- 11% 41% 18% 20% 10%16-19 13% 50% 16% 15% 6%20+ 14% 58% 14% 10% 4%Still studying 20% 54% 11% 8% 7%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 15% 51% 16% 13% 5%Managers 14% 62% 12% 9% 3%Other white collars 14% 53% 16% 13% 4%Manual workers 13% 50% 15% 16% 6%House persons 12% 47% 16% 15% 10%Unemployed 15% 43% 16% 18% 8%Retired 11% 46% 18% 17% 8%Students 20% 54% 11% 8% 7%Self-positioning on the social staircaseLow(1-4) 13% 44% 16% 17% 10%Medium(5-6) 13% 51% 15% 15% 6%High(7-10) 15% 56% 15% 10% 4%Help to developping countries - benefice of a common action of MSYes 16% 56% 14% 10% 4%No 5% 30% 24% 36% 5%



- 37 -

The socio-demographic profiling of respondents allows us to see differences in

opinions according to age. The desire to increase aid beyond the commitment

seems strongest among the younger age group. At the same time, a high socio-

economic status in terms of longer education and a higher occupational status tend

to correlate with a higher support for keeping the promise.

Furthermore, there is a strong link between respondents’ personal commitment to

development and their views on the level of EU aid. Those who contribute

personally to development cooperation either by giving money or volunteering in a

relevant organisation are significantly more likely than the average European to

support increasing EU aid either by keeping the promise or by even going beyond

it.

Overall, despite the negative trend observed in the current study, Europeans

appear committed to keeping the promise regarding aid levels although with less

enthusiasm than a year ago. Public opinion in countries with a relatively positive

economic situation and more favourable aid targets is the most likely to be pro-

increase. The strong commitment witnessed here can perhaps be partly attributed

to a general humanitarian accountability: the economic downturn has shaped

European public opinion but the baseline support remains unchanged.


- 38 -



developing countries but not an active volunteer

You are in favor of helping developing countries without being a volunteer or giving

money yourself



You are opposed to help to developing countries

Refusal (SP.) Don't Know

8%

27%

12%

17%

36%

100%100%

13%

29%

9%

22%

27%

100%

37%

21%

25%

8%

100%

2%

7%

13%

71%

6%

8%

3%

100%

11%

56%

17%

11%

5%

100%

We should reduce aid to developing countries as we can no longer afford it

Don't Know

Total

27%

54%

10%

6%

3%

100%



We should increase European aid to developing countries beyond what is already promised

We should keep our promise to increase aid to developing countries

We should not increase the levels of aid to developing countries even though it has been promised

16%

62%

12%

8%


- 39 -

6. EU TRADE AND FINANCE MEASURES AS WELL AS PEACE BUILDING

POLICIES SUPPORT DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

QD7 Apart from financial aid, which of the following European Union policies has a

positive impact on developing countries?

Beyond direct aid, Europeans believe that EU trade

and finance policies as well as peace building policies

have the most positive impact in developing countries

(43% both). European public opinion seems to reflect

the fact that poverty, civil unrest and hunger cannot

be combated by direct measures only but also require

a horizontal approach that permeates all policy areas.

Europeans were asked to what extent they think other EU policies, apart from

direct aid, contribute to a positive change in the developing world. EU trade and

finance policies and peace building policies are seen to have the most positive

impact in this respect (43% both), followed by agriculture policy (33%).


- 40 -

All policy areas listed here receive important proportions of mentions which implies

that Europeans believe the impact of the EU on the developing world is not limited

to direct aid and the goals of development cooperation are, at least to a certain

extent, permeating key policy areas of the European Union.

Respondents in all countries name trade and finance and peace building among the

top-two policy areas that have a positive impact. Danish and Dutch respondents

and people in Cyprus are the most likely to believe that EU trade and financial

policies positively influence the developing world. Regarding peace building, public

opinion is the most positive in the three Nordic countries (Sweden, Finland,

Denmark), Cyprus and the Netherlands. The public in the EU15 is more likely to

mention peace building and climate change whereas respondents in the NMS12 are

more likely to cite agriculture and transport.

Outside the two most cited policy areas, around a third of people in Sweden,

Cyprus, Austria and Greece think EU environment policies have an extended impact

in the developing world, while over a third of respondents in Austria, Bulgaria and

Greece cite energy as a policy area that has a positive impact. Linked to these two

policy areas, climate change is cited by 39% of people in Sweden and by 33% in

Denmark. As shown above regarding the biggest problems facing the developing

world, Europeans appear to assume that direct aid is allocated to the most

fundamental areas of poverty alleviation, health and access to food as well as, in

the current situation, combating the economic crisis. Current global problems such

as climate change and energy receive significantly less attention in this context.

However, Europeans seem to believe that these challenges are tackled in the

developing world by other EU policies.


- 41 -

Trade and finance Peace building Agriculture Migration Environment Energy Climate change Transport Other (SP.) None (SP.) DK

EU27 43% 43% 33% 22% 22% 21% 18% 13% 1% 2% 8%

BE 49% 52% 45% 26% 26% 28% 23% 24% 1% 2% 3%

BG 40% 41% 30% 21% 28% 35% 16% 15% 0% 1% 15%

CZ 50% 38% 42% 20% 23% 19% 9% 16% 0% 1% 4%

DK 62% 56% 47% 16% 30% 22% 33% 14% 0% 1% 4%

DE 41% 48% 35% 19% 27% 21% 27% 9% 0% 3% 8%

EE 48% 44% 32% 13% 24% 21% 7% 18% 1% 2% 9%

EL 53% 41% 27% 30% 31% 36% 21% 21% 0% 3% 3%

ES 35% 39% 30% 37% 16% 15% 19% 10% 2% 1% 5%

FR 35% 49% 38% 18% 22% 25% 14% 12% 1% 4% 7%

IE 55% 49% 34% 13% 17% 18% 22% 18% 1% 0% 8%

IT 39% 43% 24% 29% 18% 22% 14% 12% 2% 2% 9%

CY 61% 60% 26% 34% 36% 22% 27% 11% 0% 1% 4%

LT 38% 29% 19% 23% 8% 23% 6% 7% 2% 2% 15%

LV 37% 28% 25% 15% 9% 18% 5% 9% 1% 3% 10%

LU 42% 50% 33% 21% 20% 21% 22% 9% 1% 2% 5%

HU 47% 48% 42% 10% 22% 27% 15% 13% 1% 2% 4%

MT 37% 54% 19% 36% 25% 29% 24% 6% 1% 1% 5%

NL 60% 58% 45% 11% 20% 11% 19% 17% 1% 2% 2%

AT 42% 47% 40% 34% 31% 36% 26% 22% 3% 5% 2%

PL 38% 30% 33% 17% 17% 20% 10% 16% 0% 2% 12%

PT 39% 45% 25% 21% 15% 17% 13% 12% 1% 2% 13%

RO 45% 33% 43% 25% 22% 19% 16% 24% 1% 1% 15%

SI 48% 45% 36% 15% 18% 21% 17% 25% 4% 3% 3%

SK 51% 33% 38% 17% 26% 23% 15% 22% 1% 2% 4%

FI 46% 55% 42% 17% 29% 22% 26% 5% 2% 0% 3%

SE 58% 63% 44% 19% 40% 29% 39% 20% 1% 1% 2%

UK 51% 39% 25% 18% 18% 17% 17% 10% 2% 2% 10%

QD7 Apart from financial aid, which of the following European Union policies have a positive impact on developing countries?



- 42 -

As the table in the page that follows shows, patterns observed according to the

socio-demographic profile of the respondents are relatively weak. Men and

respondents in a high occupational position are slightly more likely to believe trade

and financial policies contribute positively while agriculture is cited significantly

more often by the elderly than by their younger counterparts aged 15-39.

In summary, the European public seems to hold a view that promoting

development in poor countries is a goal that is permeating all key policy areas of

the EU to varying degrees.


- 43 -

Trade and finance

Peace building

Agriculture Migration Environment Energy Climate change

Transport Other (SP.) None (SP.) DK

EU27 43% 43% 33% 22% 22% 21% 18% 13% 1% 2% 8%

Sex

Male 45% 42% 33% 23% 22% 23% 18% 15% 1% 2% 7%Female 41% 44% 33% 22% 21% 20% 18% 12% 1% 2% 9%Age

15-24 45% 40% 28% 21% 20% 20% 15% 17% 1% 2% 8%25-39 44% 42% 31% 23% 21% 23% 19% 14% 1% 2% 7%40-54 45% 45% 35% 22% 23% 22% 20% 13% 1% 2% 6%55 + 39% 44% 36% 22% 21% 20% 18% 11% 1% 2% 10%Education (End of)

15- 36% 43% 32% 23% 19% 18% 17% 11% 1% 2% 11%16-19 44% 43% 34% 23% 22% 22% 18% 14% 1% 2% 8%20+ 46% 46% 35% 21% 23% 23% 20% 13% 1% 2% 5%Still studying 45% 43% 26% 21% 20% 19% 15% 17% 2% 2% 8%Respondent occupation scale

Self- employed 47% 45% 35% 25% 19% 22% 17% 14% 1% 2% 7%Managers 50% 48% 35% 23% 27% 23% 23% 15% 1% 2% 3%Other white collars 46% 43% 32% 21% 19% 23% 18% 13% 1% 2% 6%Manual workers 43% 44% 33% 22% 22% 23% 19% 14% 1% 2% 7%House persons 40% 45% 33% 21% 20% 19% 16% 11% 1% 2% 10%Unemployed 41% 37% 28% 25% 21% 21% 19% 13% 1% 3% 10%Retired 38% 43% 36% 21% 21% 20% 18% 11% 1% 2% 11%Students 45% 43% 26% 21% 20% 19% 15% 17% 2% 2% 8%

QD7 Apart from financial aid, which of the following European Union policies have a positive impact on developing countries? (MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)


- 44 -

7. LARGE INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS SEEN AS BEST PLACED TO

GIVE HELP

QD4 Which one of the following actors, do you think, is in the best position to help

developing countries?

Europeans are most likely to think large international

bodies such as the United Nations (27%), the World

Bank (19%) and the European Union (17%) are best

placed to help developing countries. Although the

European public firmly believes in the added value of

EU cooperation and supports increased aid, it still

considers the UN and the World Bank better placed to

help.14 This is possibly linked to a lack of knowledge of

the level of aid that the EU gives each year and to the

EU’s image as aid donor. One may argue that the UN

and the World Bank have a more development-

oriented image whereas perhaps the EU is perceived

more as an administrative organisation.

14 Note that the World Bank was added as a new item in this present survey. Consequently the results of

this study and the 2009 study are not directly comparable.


- 45 -

It has been previously shown in this report that the European public strongly

believes that cooperation between EU members brings added value to helping

developing countries. Furthermore, it endorses EU aid commitments and believes

that, apart from direct help, other EU policy areas are positively contributing to

improvements in the developing world. All this legitimises the EU’s mandate as a

significant aid donor in the eyes of its citizens.

Notwithstanding, Europeans continue to place other international organisations

ahead of the EU when they are asked about which actors are the best placed to

help developing countries. The highest number (27%) cites the United Nations,

followed by the World Bank (19%) with the EU in the third place (17%). Regarding

individual countries, 15% cite the United States while very few mention China or

Japan or their respective countries.

Differences compared to the previous study are largely explained by the

introduction of a new item ‘the World Bank’ in this present study, and therefore the

results of these two studies are not directly comparable. However, they show a

similar ranking of aid donors in both years.


- 46 -

The United Nations

The World Bank

The European Union

The United States China

(OUR COUNTRY) Japan Other (SP.) DK

EU27 27% 19% 17% 15% 4% 2% 1% 3% 12%

BE 28% 26% 16% 12% 4% 2% 1% 3% 8%

BG 23% 28% 20% 6% 1% 0% 1% 0% 21%

CZ 37% 15% 16% 17% 2% 1% 2% 2% 8%

DK 35% 19% 20% 7% 3% 5% 1% 2% 8%

DE 36% 13% 17% 9% 2% 3% 0% 6% 14%

EE 35% 16% 19% 11% 3% 1% 2% 1% 12%

EL 22% 24% 21% 17% 4% 1% 0% 6% 5%

ES 15% 20% 12% 26% 4% 2% 2% 3% 16%

FR 22% 27% 15% 16% 5% 3% 1% 2% 9%

IE 39% 19% 13% 11% 2% 1% 1% 1% 13%

IT 23% 19% 15% 16% 4% 3% 4% 2% 14%

CY 21% 25% 31% 14% 1% 0% 0% 3% 5%

LT 14% 24% 20% 20% 2% 1% 4% 3% 12%

LV 28% 21% 19% 15% 3% 1% 2% 0% 11%

LU 24% 22% 28% 7% 2% 7% 0% 3% 7%

HU 20% 28% 12% 24% 6% 0% 2% 1% 7%

MT 28% 17% 18% 20% 3% 2% 0% 1% 11%

NL 42% 23% 16% 4% 3% 3% 1% 4% 4%

AT 30% 15% 18% 15% 2% 2% 1% 5% 12%

PL 22% 18% 27% 14% 2% 1% 1% 1% 14%

PT 21% 15% 21% 20% 2% 0% 2% 2% 17%

RO 15% 22% 30% 15% 3% 0% 1% 1% 13%

SI 24% 22% 16% 18% 2% 0% 2% 10% 6%

SK 47% 17% 15% 9% 1% 1% 1% 1% 8%

FI 46% 23% 14% 6% 1% 2% 1% 3% 4%

SE 56% 10% 15% 3% 1% 4% 1% 3% 7%

UK 31% 16% 9% 18% 6% 5% 2% 1% 12%

QD4 Which one of the following actors, do you think, is in the best position to help developing countries?


In this context it is interesting to note that, according to a survey conducted by

GlobeScan in 200615, 54% of Africans surveyed held the UN and the World Bank

equally responsible for improving the lives of people in poor countries, closely

followed by rich country governments.

As seen in the previous study in 2009, respondents in the NMS12 (23%) are more

likely than those in the EU15 (15%) to name the EU as the best placed actor while

the latter group is more likely to cite the United Nations. A further country-by-

country analysis reveals the following findings:

15 ‘Responsibility for Assisting Developing Economies’; Countries covered: Tanzania, Nigeria, South

Africa, Kenya, Angola, Zimbabwe, D.R. Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Senegal.

http://www.globescan.com/rf_responsibility_01.htm


- 47 -

• In 17 member states the largest segment of the poll cites the United

Nations. It is noteworthy that all the ‘most committed aid donors’ of the EU

in terms of GDP ratio, with the exception of Luxembourg belong to this

group: Sweden, Finland, the Netherlands, Ireland, Denmark, the UK and

Belgium. Also respondents in Malta – the most committed donor among the

member states that joined recently – are most likely to cite the UN.

• The World Bank receives the highest proportion of mentions in Bulgaria,

Greece, France, Hungary and Lithuania.

• The public in Luxembourg, Poland, Cyprus, Romania and Portugal (an equal

share of the Portuguese cite the UN) believe that the European Union is the

best placed to give aid while just over a quarter of respondents in Spain cite

the United States.

Most noteworthy is that respondents in the UK, Slovenia, Italy, France, Hungary

and Spain do not consider the EU to be even one of the top-three best placed aid

donors.


- 48 -

Interestingly the segment of population that usually shows higher levels of

awareness and knowledge are here the most likely of all to regard the UN as the

best placed actor ahead of the EU. Respondents with a high socio-economic status

in terms of education and occupation are the most likely to cite the UN while the

youngest age group is slightly more likely to mention the EU than their older

counterparts.

It is also noteworthy that those who think that EU countries working together bring

added value to development cooperation are more likely than the average

European to mention the UN (29% against 27%) and that amongst this groups the

EU is the third ranked actor.


- 49 -

The United Nations

The World Bank

The European

Union

The United States

China(OUR

COUNTRY)Japan Other (SP.) DK

EU27 27% 19% 17% 15% 4% 2% 1% 3% 12%

Age

15-24 24% 16% 18% 21% 4% 3% 2% 2% 10%25-39 26% 19% 18% 15% 4% 2% 2% 3% 11%40-54 30% 22% 15% 14% 3% 2% 1% 3% 10%55 + 27% 19% 16% 13% 3% 3% 1% 3% 15%Education (End of)

15- 23% 16% 15% 17% 3% 4% 1% 3% 18%16-19 26% 21% 17% 15% 4% 2% 1% 2% 12%20+ 33% 22% 16% 12% 4% 2% 1% 3% 7%Still studying 27% 15% 19% 20% 4% 2% 2% 3% 8%Occupation

Self- employed 30% 21% 15% 13% 4% 1% 2% 3% 11%Managers 35% 21% 14% 12% 4% 2% 1% 3% 8%Other white collars 29% 21% 19% 14% 3% 2% 2% 3% 7%Manual workers 26% 21% 17% 15% 4% 2% 1% 3% 11%House persons 24% 16% 16% 15% 3% 3% 2% 3% 18%Unemployed 22% 17% 15% 20% 6% 3% 1% 2% 14%Retired 26% 19% 16% 14% 3% 3% 1% 2% 16%Students 27% 15% 19% 20% 4% 2% 2% 3% 8%Self-positioning on the social staircase

Low(1-4) 22% 20% 17% 16% 4% 2% 1% 2% 16%Medium(5-6) 27% 19% 16% 16% 4% 2% 1% 3% 12%High(7-10) 32% 19% 17% 14% 3% 3% 2% 2% 8%Help to developping countries - benefice of a common action of MS

Yes 29% 21% 18% 15% 3% 2% 1% 2% 9%No 24% 17% 14% 17% 5% 3% 1% 5% 14%

QD4 Which one of the following actors, do you think, is in the best position to help developing countries? (ROTATE)


- 50 -

As discussed in the report of he previous study in 2009, it is hard to know the

rationale behind public opinion when it comes to the best placed actors in

development cooperation. One may argue that the overall visibility and

conspicuousness of an organisation seems to weigh more than its concrete actions

measured by the amount of money allocated to development aid.

On the other hand, it would be ambitious to expect the general public to be

knowledgeable about the amounts of aid given by various organisations. In a

previous survey carried out among people of the NMS12, respondents were asked

to estimate the level of EU aid16. 57% directly replied they do not know and only

6% were able to give the correct answer.

Therefore it seems that the general visibility of an organisation plays a significant

role when people are evaluating development aid actors. This ‘visibility argument’

could, for example, to a certain extent explain why respondents in NMS12 are

significantly more likely to cite the EU than respondents in EU15 (23% against 15%

in EU15). The accession of the new countries is fairly recent and numerous

information campaigns related to this were carried out by the EU, but also by

national actors. It is self-evident that the exposure to EU-related communication

and actions has been higher in the NMS12 in the past decade.

On the other hand, it is striking that people in nearly all the ‘biggest aid donor

countries of Europe’ cite the UN before the EU. Furthermore, well-educated

respondents, who usually show relatively higher levels of knowledge, also cite the

UN way ahead of the EU. This implies that there is indeed a great lack of

information about the role the EU plays.

Either way EU policy makers may be challenged about the low visibility of the EU as

a development aid actor and about low awareness of its activities amongst the

general public. ‘Big players are better placed to tackle big challenges’ appears to be

the rationale behind European public opinion and, at present, the European public

does not consider the world’s biggest aid donor - the EU – to be the biggest player.

16 Special EB 286 ‘Citizens of the New EU member states and Development Aid in



- 51 -

CONCLUSIONS

The ambiance surrounding European public opinion on development aid is shaped

by a strong value basis of helping those in need and a moral responsibility of the

stronger to help the weaker felt by Europeans. Very few people think giving aid is

unimportant or undesirable.

Real differences are only revealed when more concrete issues, such as personal

input to development aid and money are discussed. While public opinion remains

largely positive in these areas, more critical voices are raised here with nearly 30%

of Europeans saying they feel the EU should give up the promise of increasing aid

and 21% defining themselves as indifferent when it comes to helping poor

countries.

Throughout the survey, different ‘development aid cultures’ can be identified across

Europe; the most influential factors shaping national opinions seem to be the

domestic economic situation and the extent to which a country is committed to

development aid, regardless of EU targets.

Those countries that have only recently joined the EU are undoubtedly the young

development aid cultures in Europe. The history of cooperating within the EU on

helping poor countries is only as long as membership. This seems to be reflected

particularly in the level of indifference that people in NMS12 express to

development cooperation but also in the relatively lower support for EU countries

working together. Besides, the economic development in these countries still lags

behind the EU average which has made many countries more vulnerable to the

economic crisis.

Nordic and Western European countries can be described as ‘old development aid

cultures’ with ambitious development aid targets and with a real delivery on the

commitment. The public in these countries is highly favourable towards the ideal of

development aid but also tends to personally act on it, mainly by donating money

outside official aid. Favourable economic development and a GDP above the EU

average also characterise these countries.


- 52 -

When looking more closely at individuals’ perceptions and views, somewhat

unsurprisingly one socio-demographic group stands out. Well-educated people in

high occupational positions are most likely to be pro-development aid. They

possess all the essential elements: financial means to participate and sufficient

information for developing an understanding of not only the moral considerations

linked to helping but also of the mutual benefits that supporting the developing

world brings.

Finally, coming back to the two forthcoming events mentioned in the introduction to

this report, some clear messages can be drawn from the results of this survey:

The UN Summit on the Millennium Development Goals:

The European public is strongly committed to achieving the targets set for 2015,

both when representing the European Union member states working together and

at a personal level. Despite the economic crisis they back the EU’s aim of increasing

aid and give a clear mandate to the EU to act on helping poor countries and to keep

its promises.

Green Paper ‘Future of Development Policy’:

The public support for development is unshakeable and the negative evolutions

caused by the economic downturn seem moderate. In fact, when it comes to the

general importance attached to development, it appears that the low point has

already been passed and people are again increasingly valuing development

cooperation. However, the visibility and conspicuousness of the EU as aid donor

begs for attention. Regardless of their favorable opinions, Europeans still think

other international organisations are better placed to provide help to developing

countries. Raising awareness of and interest in the new development aid cultures

also constitutes a challenge for EU policy makers.

ANNEXES

EU

RO

BA

RO

METER

SP

EC

IAL N

° 3

52

TEC

HN

ICA

L S

PEC

IFIC

ATIO

NS

Bet

wee

n t

he

9th

and t

he

30

th o

f Ju

ne

2010,

TNS O

pin

ion &

Soc

ial,

a co

nso

rtiu

m c

reat

ed b

etw

een T

NS p

lc a

nd T

NS o

pin

ion, ca

rrie

d o

ut

the

wav

e 73.5

of

the

EU

RO

BARO

METE

R, on

req

ues

t of

the

EU

RO

PEAN

CO

MM

ISSIO

N, D

irec

tora

te-G

ener

al for

Com

munic

atio

n, “R

esea

rch a

nd S

pee

chw

riting”.

Th

e SPE

CIA

L EU

RO

BARO

METE

R N

° 352 i

s par

t of

the

wav

e 73.5

and c

over

s th

e pop

ula

tion

of

the

resp

ective

nat

ional

itie

s of

the

Euro

pea

n U

nio

n

Mem

ber

Sta

tes,

res

iden

t in

eac

h o

f th

e M

ember

Sta

tes

and a

ged

15 y

ears

and o

ver.

The

bas

ic s

ample

des

ign a

pplie

d i

n a

ll st

ates

is

a m

ulti-st

age,

ra

ndom

(pro

bab

ility

) on

e. I

n e

ach c

ountr

y, a

num

ber

of sa

mplin

g p

oints

was

dra

wn w

ith p

robab

ility

pro

por

tion

al t

o pop

ula

tion

siz

e (f

or a

tot

al c

over

age

of t

he

countr

y) a

nd t

o pop

ula

tion

den

sity

. In

ord

er t

o do

so,

the

sam

plin

g p

oints

wer

e dra

wn s

yste

mat

ical

ly f

rom

eac

h o

f th

e "a

dm

inis

trat

ive

regio

nal

units"

, af

ter

stra

tific

atio

n b

y in

div

idual

unit

and t

ype

of a

rea.

They

thus

repre

sent

the

whol

e te

rritor

y of

the

countr

ies

surv

eyed

acc

ordin

g t

o th

e EU

RO

STA

T N

UTS

II

(or

equiv

alen

t) a

nd a

ccor

din

g

to t

he

dis

trib

ution

of

the

resi

den

t pop

ula

tion

of

the

resp

ective

nat

ional

itie

s in

ter

ms

of m

etro

pol

itan

, urb

an a

nd r

ura

l ar

eas.

In e

ach o

f th

e se

lect

ed

sam

plin

g poi

nts

, a

star

ting ad

dre

ss w

as dra

wn,

at ra

ndom

. Fu

rther

ad

dre

sses

(e

very

N

th ad

dre

ss)

wer

e se

lect

ed by

stan

dar

d "r

ando

m ro

ute

" pro

cedure

s, f

rom

the

initia

l ad

dre

ss.

In e

ach h

ouse

hol

d,

the

resp

onden

t w

as d

raw

n,

at r

andom

(fo

llow

ing t

he

"clo

sest

birth

day

rule

").

All

inte

rvie

ws

wer

e co

nduct

ed f

ace-

to-f

ace

in p

eople

's h

omes

and i

n t

he

appro

priat

e nat

ional

lan

guag

e. A

s fa

r as

the

dat

a ca

ptu

re i

s co

nce

rned

, CAPI

(Com

pute

r Ass

iste

d P

erso

nal

Inte

rvie

w)

was

use

d in

thos

e co

untr

ies

wher

e th

is t

echniq

ue

was

ava

ilable

.

AB

BR

EV

IATIO

NS

C

OU

NTR

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IN

STIT

UTES

N

°

INTER

VIE

WS

FIE

LD

WO

RK

D

ATES

P

OP

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TIO

N

15

+

BE

Bel

giu

m

TN

S D

imar

so

1.0

00

11/0

6/1

0

30/0

6/1

0

8.8

66.4

11

BG

Bulg

aria

TN

S B

BSS

1.0

01

11/0

6/1

0

21/0

6/1

0

6.5

84.9

57

CZ

Cze

ch R

ep.

TN

S A

isa

1.0

06

11/0

6/1

0

25/0

6/1

0

8.9

87.5

35

DK

Den

mar

k TN

S G

allu

p D

K

1.0

40

11/0

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0

28/0

6/1

0

4.5

33.4

20

DE

Ger

man

y TN

S I

nfr

ates

t 1.5

46

11/0

6/1

0

30/0

6/1

0

64.5

45.6

01

EE

Est

onia

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or

1.0

00

12/0

6/1

0

28/0

6/1

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916.0

00

IE

Irel

and

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1.0

08

11/0

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27/0

6/1

0

3.3

75.3

99

EL

Gre

ece

TN

S I

CAP

1.0

00

11/0

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0

26/0

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0

8.6

93.5

66

ES

Spai

n

TN

S D

emosc

opia

1.0

06

13/0

6/1

0

28/0

6/1

0

39.0

35.8

67

FR

Fran

ce

TN

S S

ofr

es

1.0

03

11/0

6/1

0

28/0

6/1

0

47.6

20.9

42

IT

Ital

y TN

S I

nfr

ates

t 1.0

36

11/0

6/1

0

29/0

6/1

0

51.2

52.2

47

CY

Rep

. of Cyp

rus

Syn

ova

te

502

11/0

6/1

0

27/0

6/1

0

651.4

00

LV

Latv

ia

TN

S L

atvi

a 1.0

16

10/0

6/1

0

28/0

6/1

0

1.4

48.7

19

LT

Lith

uan

ia

TN

S G

allu

p L

ithuan

ia

1.0

36

12/0

6/1

0

27/0

6/1

0

2.8

49.3

59

LU

Luxe

mbourg

TN

S I

LReS

500

11/0

6/1

0

28/0

6/1

0

404.9

07

HU

H

ungar

y TN

S H

ungar

y 1.0

32

11/0

6/1

0

27/0

6/1

0

8.3

20.6

14

MT

Mal

ta

MIS

CO

500

11/0

6/1

0

25/0

6/1

0

335.4

76

NL

Net

her

lands

TN

S N

IPO

1.0

21

11/0

6/1

0

29/0

6/1

0

13.2

88.2

00

AT

Aust

ria

Öst

erre

ichis

ches

Gal

lup-I

nst

itut

996

10/0

6/1

0

28/0

6/1

0

6.9

73.2

77

PL

Pola

nd

TN

S O

BO

P

1.0

00

12/0

6/1

0

28/0

6/1

0

32.3

06.4

36

PT

Port

ugal

TN

S E

URO

TESTE

1.0

07

11/0

6/1

0

27/0

6/1

0

8.0

80.9

15

RO

Rom

ania

TN

S C

SO

P

1.0

13

11/0

6/1

0

22/0

6/1

0

18.2

46.7

31

SI

Slo

venia

RM

PLU

S

1.0

03

10/0

6/1

0

27/0

6/1

0

1.7

48.3

08

SK

Slo

vaki

a TN

S A

ISA S

K

1.0

84

12/0

6/1

0

27/0

6/1

0

4.5

49.9

54

FI

Finla

nd

TN

S G

allu

p O

y 1.0

07

09/0

6/1

0

27/0

6/1

0

4.4

12.3

21

SE

Sw

eden

TN

S G

ALL

UP

1.0

10

10/0

6/1

0

29/0

6/1

0

7.7

23.9

31

UK

United

Kin

gdom

TN

S U

K

1.3

18

11/0

6/1

0

28/0

6/1

0

51.0

81.8

66

TO

TA

L E

U2

7

26

.69

1

09

/0

6/

10

3

0/

06

/1

0

40

6.8

34

.35

9

For

each

cou

ntr

y a

com

par

ison

bet

wee

n t

he

sam

ple

and t

he

univ

erse

was

car

ried

out.

The

Univ

erse

des

crip

tion

was

der

ived

fro

m E

uro

stat

pop

ula

tion

dat

a or

fro

m n

atio

nal

sta

tist

ics

offic

es.

For

all

countr

ies

surv

eyed

, a

nat

ional

wei

ghting p

roce

dure

, usi

ng m

argin

al a

nd i

nte

rcel

lula

r w

eighting,

was

ca

rrie

d o

ut

bas

ed o

n t

his

Univ

erse

des

crip

tion

. In

all

countr

ies,

gen

der

, ag

e, r

egio

n a

nd s

ize

of loc

ality

wer

e in

trod

uce

d in t

he

iter

atio

n p

roce

dure

. Fo

r in

tern

atio

nal

wei

ghting (

i.e.

EU

ave

rages

), T

NS O

pin

ion &

Soc

ial ap

plie

s th

e of

ficia

l pop

ula

tion

fig

ure

s as

pro

vided

by

EU

RO

STA

T or

nat

ional

sta

tist

ic

offic

es. Th

e to

tal p

opula

tion

fig

ure

s fo

r in

put

in t

his

pos

t-w

eighting p

roce

dure

are

list

ed a

bov

e.

Rea

der

s ar

e re

min

ded

that

surv

ey r

esults

are

estim

atio

ns ,

the

accu

racy

of

whic

h,

ever

ythin

g b

eing e

qual

, re

sts

upon

the

sam

ple

siz

e an

d u

pon

the

obse

rved

per

centa

ge.

W

ith s

ample

s of

abou

t 1,0

00 in

terv

iew

s, t

he

real

per

centa

ges

var

y w

ithin

the

follo

win

g c

onfid

ence

lim

its:

Obse

rved p

erc

en

tages

10%

or

90%

20%

or

80%

30%

or

70%

40%

or

60%

50%

Con

fiden

ce lim

its

± 1

.9 p

oints

±

2.5

poi

nts

±

2.7

poi

nts

±

3.0

poi

nts

±

3.1

poi

nts

QUESTIONNAIRE

QD

1Q

D1

(382

-394

)(3

82-3

94)

1,1,

2,2,

3,3,

4,4,

5,5,

6,6,

7,7,

8,8,

9,9,

10,

10,

11,

11,

12,

12,

13,

13,

QD

2Q

D2

(395

)(3

95)

11

22

33

44

55

Pas

du

tout

impo

rtant

NS

P

EB

62.2

QC

1 TR

EN

D M

OD

IFIE

D

(UN

E S

EU

LE R

EP

ON

SE

)

Très

impo

rtant

Plu

tôt i

mpo

rtant

Pas

très

impo

rtant

Aut

re (S

PO

NTA

NE

)N

SP

EB

71.2

QF6

TR

EN

D M

OD

IFIE

D

Sel

on v

ous,

est

-il tr

ès im

porta

nt, p

lutô

t im

porta

nt, p

as tr

ès im

porta

nt o

u pa

s du

tout

impo

rtant

d'

aide

r les

pop

ulat

ions

des

pay

s en

voi

e de

dév

elop

pem

ent ?

Le c

hang

emen

t clim

atiq

ueLe

s flu

x m

igra

toire

sLa

mau

vais

e go

uver

nanc

eU

n co

nflit

inte

rne

La p

auvr

eté

Les

prob

lèm

es li

es à

la s

anté

L'éd

ucat

ion

(N)

L’én

ergi

e

(MO

NTR

ER

CA

RTE

– L

IRE

– M

AX

. 2 R

EP

ON

SE

S)

La c

rise

écon

omiq

ueL’

alim

enta

tion

(M)

L'ea

u (N

)

Par

lons

mai

nten

ant d

'un

autre

suj

et.

Sel

on v

ous,

que

ls s

ont l

es d

eux

plus

gra

nds

défis

aux

quel

s fo

nt fa

ce le

s pa

ys e

n vo

ie d

e dé

velo

ppem

ent a

ctue

llem

ent ?

Not

at a

ll im

porta

ntD

K

EB

62.2

QC

1 TR

EN

D M

OD

IFIE

D

(ON

E A

NS

WE

R O

NLY

)

Ver

y im

porta

ntFa

irly

impo

rtant

Not

ver

y im

porta

nt

Oth

er (S

PO

NTA

NE

OU

S)

DK

EB

71.2

QF6

TR

EN

D M

OD

IFIE

D

In y

our o

pini

on, i

s it

very

impo

rtant

, fai

rly im

porta

nt, n

ot v

ery

impo

rtant

or n

ot a

t all

impo

rtant

to

help

peo

ple

in d

evel

opin

g co

untri

es?

Clim

ate

chan

geM

igra

tion

flow

sP

oor g

over

nanc

eC

ivil

unre

st/ c

onfli

ct

Pov

erty

Hea

lth is

sues

Edu

catio

n (N

)E

nerg

y

(SH

OW

CA

RD

– R

EA

D O

UT

– M

AX

. 2 A

NS

WE

RS

)

The

econ

omic

cris

isFo

od (M

)W

ater

(N)

Now

let's

talk

abo

ut a

noth

er to

pic.

In y

our o

pini

on w

hat a

re th

e tw

o bi

gges

t cha

lleng

es c

urre

ntly

faci

ng d

evel

opin

g co

untri

es?

Que

stio

nnai

reE

B73

523

/51

01/0

6/20

10

QD

3Q

D3

(396

)(3

96)

11

22

33

44

55

66

77

QD

4Q

D4

(397

)(3

97)

11

22

33

44

55

66

77

88

99

Aut

re (S

PO

NTA

NE

)N

SP

EB

71.2

QF4

TR

EN

D M

OD

IFIE

D

Les

Eta

ts-U

nis

La C

hine

Le J

apon

(NO

TRE

PA

YS

)

(LIR

E –

RO

TATI

ON

– U

NE

SE

ULE

RE

PO

NS

E)

Les

Nat

ions

Uni

esLa

Ban

que

Mon

dial

e (N

)L’

Uni

on e

urop

éenn

e

NS

P

NE

W

D’a

près

vou

s, p

arm

i les

act

eurs

sui

vant

s, q

ui e

st le

mie

ux p

lacé

pou

r aid

er le

s pa

ys e

n vo

ie

de d

ével

oppe

men

t ? (M

)

Vou

s so

uten

ez l’

aide

aux

pay

s en

voi

e de

dév

elop

pem

ent s

ans

être

bé

névo

le n

i don

ner d

e l’a

rgen

tV

ous

n’êt

es p

as in

tére

ssé(

e) p

ar l’

aide

aux

pay

s en

voi

e de

dév

elop

pem

ent

Vou

s êt

es o

ppos

é(e)

à l’

aide

aux

pay

s en

voi

e de

dév

elop

pem

ent

Ref

us (S

PO

NTA

NE

)

Com

men

t vou

s dé

criv

ez-v

ous

quan

d on

par

le d

’aid

er le

s ge

ns d

ans

les

pays

en

voie

de

déve

lopp

emen

t ?

(MO

NTR

ER

CA

RTE

– L

IRE

– U

NE

SE

ULE

RE

PO

NS

E) –

(SI "

BE

NE

VO

LE E

T D

ON

ATE

UR

", C

OD

ER

'1' E

T P

AS

'2')

Vou

s êt

es b

énév

ole

dans

une

org

anis

atio

n d’

aide

aux

pay

s en

voi

e de

dé

velo

ppem

ent

Vou

s do

nnez

de

l’arg

ent à

une

org

anis

atio

n d’

aide

aux

pay

s en

voi

e de

dé

velo

ppem

ent s

ans

être

bén

évol

e ac

tif

Oth

er (S

PO

NTA

NE

OU

S)

DK

EB

71.2

QF4

TR

EN

D M

OD

IFIE

D

The

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

Chi

naJa

pan

(OU

R C

OU

NTR

Y)

(RE

AD

OU

T –

RO

TATE

– O

NE

AN

SW

ER

ON

LY)

The

Uni

ted

Nat

ions

The

Wor

ld B

ank

(N)

The

Eur

opea

n U

nion

DK

NE

W

Whi

ch o

ne o

f the

follo

win

g ac

tors

, do

you

thin

k, is

in th

e be

st p

ositi

on to

hel

p de

velo

ping

co

untri

es?

(M)

You

are

in fa

vor o

f hel

ping

dev

elop

ing

coun

tries

with

out b

eing

a v

olun

teer

or

givi

ng m

oney

you

rsel

fY

ou a

re n

ot in

volv

ed in

hel

ping

peo

ple

in d

evel

opin

g co

untri

es

You

are

opp

osed

to h

elp

to d

evel

opin

g co

untri

esR

efus

al (S

PO

NTA

NE

OU

S)

How

wou

ld y

ou d

escr

ibe

your

self

in re

latio

n to

hel

ping

peo

ple

in d

evel

opin

g co

untri

es?

(SH

OW

CA

RD

– R

EA

D O

UT

– O

NE

AN

SW

ER

ON

LY) –

(IF

"VO

LUN

TEE

R A

ND

DO

NA

TOR

", C

OD

E '1

' AN

D N

OT

'2')

You

are

a v

olun

teer

in a

n or

gani

satio

n he

lpin

g de

velo

ping

cou

ntrie

s

You

giv

e m

oney

to a

n or

gani

satio

n he

lpin

g de

velo

ping

cou

ntrie

s bu

t not

an

activ

e vo

lunt

eer

Que

stio

nnai

reE

B73

524

/51

01/0

6/20

10

QD

5Q

D5

(398

)(3

98)

11

22

33

44

55

QD

6Q

D6

(399

)(3

99)

11

22

33

44

55

NE

W

Oui

, dan

s un

e ce

rtain

e m

esur

eN

on, p

as v

raim

ent

Non

, pas

du

tout

NS

P

Pen

sez-

vous

qu’

il y

a un

e va

leur

ajo

utée

à c

e qu

e le

s E

tats

Mem

bres

de

l’Uni

on e

urop

éenn

e tra

vaill

ent e

nsem

ble

pour

aid

er le

s pa

ys e

n vo

ie d

e dé

velo

ppem

ent ?

(LIR

E –

UN

E S

EU

LE R

EP

ON

SE

)

Oui

, tou

t à fa

it

Nou

s ne

dev

rions

pas

aug

men

ter l

’aid

e au

x pa

ys e

n vo

ie d

e dé

velo

ppem

ent,

mêm

e si

cel

a a

été

prom

isN

ous

devr

ions

rédu

ire l’

aide

aux

pay

s en

voi

e de

dév

elop

pem

ent c

ar n

ous

ne s

omm

es p

lus

capa

bles

de

l’ass

umer

NS

P

EB

71.2

QF5

TR

EN

D M

OD

IFIE

D

L’U

nion

eur

opée

nne

s’es

t eng

agée

à a

ugm

ente

r le

nive

au d

e l'a

ide

au d

ével

oppe

men

t qu’

elle

fo

urni

t aux

pay

s en

voi

e de

dév

elop

pem

ent.

Au

vu d

e la

situ

atio

n éc

onom

ique

act

uelle

, la

quel

le d

es p

ropo

sitio

ns s

uiva

ntes

se

rapp

roch

e le

plu

s de

vot

re o

pini

on ?

(LIR

E –

UN

E S

EU

LE R

EP

ON

SE

)

Nou

s de

vrio

ns a

ugm

ente

r l’a

ide

euro

péen

ne a

ux p

ays

en v

oie

de

déve

lopp

emen

t au-

delà

de

ce q

ui a

déj

à ét

é pr

omis

Nou

s de

vrio

ns te

nir n

otre

pro

mes

se d

’aug

men

ter l

’aid

e au

x pa

ys e

n vo

ie d

e dé

velo

ppem

ent (

M)

NE

W

Yes

, to

som

e ex

tent

No,

not

real

lyN

o, d

efin

itely

not

DK

Do

you

thin

k th

ere

is a

dded

val

ue in

Eur

opea

n U

nion

Mem

ber S

tate

s w

orki

ng to

geth

er o

n he

lpin

g de

velo

ping

cou

ntrie

s?

(RE

AD

OU

T –

ON

E A

NS

WE

R O

NLY

)

Yes

, def

inite

ly

We

shou

ld n

ot in

crea

se th

e le

vels

of a

id to

dev

elop

ing

coun

tries

eve

n th

ough

it h

as b

een

prom

ised

We

shou

ld re

duce

aid

to d

evel

opin

g co

untri

es a

s w

e ca

n no

long

er a

fford

it

DK

EB

71.2

QF5

TR

EN

D M

OD

IFIE

D

The

Eur

opea

n U

nion

has

pro

mis

ed to

incr

ease

the

leve

l of i

ts a

id to

war

ds d

evel

opin

g co

untri

es. G

iven

the

curr

ent e

cono

mic

situ

atio

n, w

hich

of t

he fo

llow

ing

prop

ositi

ons

best

de

scrib

e yo

ur o

pini

on?

(M)

(RE

AD

OU

T –

ON

E A

NS

WE

R O

NLY

)

We

shou

ld in

crea

se E

urop

ean

aid

to d

evel

opin

g co

untri

es b

eyon

d w

hat i

s al

read

y pr

omis

edW

e sh

ould

kee

p ou

r pro

mis

e to

incr

ease

aid

to d

evel

opin

g co

untri

es (M

)

Que

stio

nnai

reE

B73

525

/51

01/0

6/20

10

QD

7Q

D7

(400

-410

)(4

00-4

10)

1,1,

2,2,

3,3,

4,4,

5,5,

6,6,

7,7,

8,8,

9,9,

10,

10,

11,

11,

Aut

re (S

PO

NTA

NE

)A

ucun

(SP

ON

TAN

E)

NS

P

NE

W

L’en

viro

nnem

ent

Les

trans

ports

L’ag

ricul

ture

La c

onst

ruct

ion

de la

pai

x

Le c

hang

emen

t clim

atiq

ueLe

s m

igra

tions

Le c

omm

erce

et l

a fin

ance

L’én

ergi

e

Au

delà

de

l’aid

e fin

anci

ère,

que

lles

polit

ique

s eu

ropé

enne

s su

ivan

tes

ont u

n im

pact

e po

sitif

su

r les

pay

s en

voi

e de

dév

elop

pem

ent ?

(MO

NTR

ER

CA

RTE

– L

IRE

– P

LUS

IEU

RS

RE

PO

NS

ES

PO

SS

IBLE

S)

Oth

er (S

PO

NTA

NE

OU

S)

Non

e (S

PO

NTA

NE

OU

S)

DK

NE

W

Env

ironm

ent

Tran

spor

tA

gric

ultu

reP

eace

bui

ldin

g

Clim

ate

chan

geM

igra

tion

Trad

e an

d fin

ance

Ene

rgy

Apa

rt fro

m fi

nanc

ial a

id, w

hich

of t

he fo

llow

ing

Eur

opea

n U

nion

pol

icie

s ha

ve a

pos

itive

impa

ct

on d

evel

opin

g co

untri

es?

(SH

OW

CA

RD

- R

EA

D O

UT

– M

ULT

IPLE

AN

SW

ER

S P

OS

SIB

LE)

Que

stio

nnai

reE

B73

526

/51

01/0

6/20

10

TABLES

Special Eurobarometer N°352

1/2

%EB

73.5

Diff.EB

71.2

EB73.5

Diff.EB

71.2

EB73.5

Diff.EB

71.2

EB73.5

Diff.EB

71.2

EB73.5

Diff.EB

71.2

EB73.5

Diff.EB

71.2

EB73.5

Diff.EB

71.2EU 27 36 1 20 -7 18 18 42 -8 19 -3 13 13 4 0

BE 30 -1 26 -9 23 23 35 -12 21 -6 11 11 3 0

BG 48 -4 25 6 9 9 48 -1 21 0 5 5 2 -6

CZ 33 2 20 -13 13 13 48 0 31 -5 13 13 3 1

DK 26 8 12 -7 12 12 42 -7 32 -8 26 26 1 -1

D-W 19 -11 29 -2 22 22 38 -13 19 -2 21 21 2 -1

DE 21 -9 28 -2 21 21 38 -14 18 -3 22 22 2 -2

D-E 28 -4 26 1 17 17 40 -16 15 -7 25 25 3 -2

EE 43 3 17 -12 9 9 46 -2 26 -3 12 12 3 0

IE 29 -6 26 -3 19 19 36 -5 28 1 14 14 2 -1

EL 42 1 18 -2 16 16 53 -4 19 -3 10 10 4 1

ES 49 12 17 -7 12 12 48 -10 12 -3 11 11 2 0

FR 37 7 22 -14 23 23 40 -10 18 -10 12 12 6 0

IT 48 3 17 -7 20 20 38 -6 14 -4 9 9 4 -1

CY 55 14 16 -7 8 8 43 -3 26 -9 5 5 3 -1

LV 55 1 14 1 5 5 44 -6 15 0 11 11 2 -1

LT 59 10 10 -6 3 3 42 -5 13 -3 9 9 8 1

LU 32 3 16 -1 19 19 39 -9 12 -17 19 19 5 1

HU 43 -5 23 -4 20 20 52 -6 21 -3 4 4 6 -2

MT 44 5 11 -4 6 6 43 13 16 3 11 11 11 3

NL 15 1 22 -12 25 25 33 -7 25 -1 17 17 1 0

AT 25 -7 26 -4 25 25 38 -5 21 -2 13 13 4 -2

PL 42 -8 20 -2 11 11 36 -2 23 5 12 12 7 -1

PT 44 2 23 -2 9 9 51 -6 16 -1 7 7 2 0

RO 64 4 16 -1 4 4 60 5 14 2 7 7 1 -3

SI 50 2 12 -6 11 11 44 -6 20 0 5 5 3 1

SK 37 -3 14 -15 17 17 52 -5 25 1 9 9 2 -2

FI 11 1 22 -4 24 24 45 -3 28 -14 22 22 1 -1

SE 25 11 4 -9 20 20 42 -9 18 -10 24 24 2 0

UK 25 1 19 -9 20 20 41 -13 19 -7 10 10 6 3

QD1 Selon vous, quels sont les deux plus grands défis auxquels font face les pays en voie de développement actuellement ? (MAX. 2 REPONSES)

QD1 In your opinion what are the two biggest challenges currently facing developing countries? (MAX. 2 ANSWERS)

QD1 Was sind Ihrer Ansicht nach die zwei größten Herausforderungen, denen die Entwicklungsländer momentan gegenüberstehen (MAX. 2 NENNUNGEN)

La crise économique

The economic crisis

Die Wirtschaftskrise

L’alimentation

Food

Ernährung

L'eau

Water

Wasser

La pauvreté

Poverty

Armut

Les problèmes lies à la santé

Health issues

Gesundheitliche Probleme

L'éducation

Education

Bildung

L’énergie

Energy

Energie


2/2

%EB

73.5

Diff.EB

71.2

EB73.5

Diff.EB

71.2

EB73.5

Diff.EB

71.2

EB73.5

Diff.EB

71.2

EB73.5

Diff.EB

71.2

EB73.5

Diff.EB

71.2EU 27 7 -1 5 0 18 -2 10 -3 1 0 1 -1

BE 8 -4 6 1 18 1 10 -4 0 0 1 0

BG 9 2 6 -1 9 -7 6 -1 0 0 2 -2

CZ 5 1 3 -1 5 0 18 -7 0 -1 0 -1

DK 14 -1 3 -4 14 -6 16 -9 1 0 0 -1

D-W 10 -4 2 0 22 -3 12 1 0 -1 0 -1

DE 10 -3 2 -1 22 -2 11 0 0 -1 0 -1

D-E 10 -1 2 -3 20 0 10 -2 0 -1 0 -1

EE 2 -2 4 2 10 -3 17 0 1 0 2 -1

IE 4 -7 2 -2 24 2 9 -7 1 1 1 -2

EL 6 -5 7 -9 11 -2 7 -4 1 1 1 1

ES 5 -1 4 -2 24 1 6 -2 0 -1 0 -2

FR 9 3 7 2 17 -6 5 -4 0 0 1 0

IT 5 1 7 -4 11 -4 9 -3 1 1 1 -3

CY 6 -4 14 0 14 5 9 -2 1 1 0 -1

LV 3 1 9 1 14 -7 11 -3 0 -1 3 0

LT 1 0 16 8 19 -2 10 -4 1 0 2 -2

LU 8 -3 5 2 24 -1 9 -8 1 0 0 -2

HU 9 2 1 -1 7 -2 9 2 1 0 0 -1

MT 8 -1 11 -6 21 -15 10 -7 2 1 0 -3

NL 6 -2 3 0 26 -3 23 -12 1 -1 0 -1

AT 9 -8 6 0 16 -1 10 -6 0 -1 1 -1

PL 4 -4 3 -1 12 -2 14 -1 0 0 4 -1

PT 2 -2 2 -1 17 6 6 -3 4 3 2 -2

RO 4 -1 2 -1 16 -2 4 -4 0 0 1 -3

SI 9 -5 2 -1 19 6 17 -2 1 -1 0 0

SK 10 4 3 0 10 -1 14 -3 0 0 1 0

FI 2 -6 2 -1 21 -3 17 -7 1 -1 0 -2

SE 14 3 4 2 24 -9 20 -17 1 -2 0 -1

UK 6 -2 6 3 28 1 12 -1 2 0 2 -1

QD1 Selon vous, quels sont les deux plus grands défis auxquels font face les pays en voie de développement actuellement ? (MAX. 2 REPONSES)

QD1 In your opinion what are the two biggest challenges currently facing developing countries? (MAX. 2 ANSWERS)

QD1 Was sind Ihrer Ansicht nach die zwei größten Herausforderungen, denen die Entwicklungsländer momentan gegenüberstehen (MAX. 2 NENNUNGEN)

Le changement climatique

Climate change

Der Klimawandel

Les flux migratoires

Migration flows

Wanderungsbewegungen

La mauvaise gouvernance

Poor governance

Schlechte Regierung

NSP

DK

WN

Un conflit interne


Zivile Unruhen

Autre(SPONTANE)

Other (SPONTANEOUS)

Sonstiges (SPONTAN)


%EB

73.5

Diff.EB

62.2

EB73.5

Diff.EB

62.2

EB73.5

Diff.EB

62.2

EB73.5

Diff.EB

62.2

EB73.5

Diff.EB

62.2

EB73.5

Diff.EB

62.2

EB73.5

Diff.EB

62.2EU 27 45 -8 44 6 7 2 2 0 2 0 89 -2 9 2

BE 40 -12 47 14 8 -2 3 -2 2 2 87 2 11 -4

BG 37 42 9 4 8 79 13

CZ 30 -1 58 3 8 -1 2 1 2 -2 88 2 10 0

DK 54 -12 40 9 4 2 1 0 1 1 94 -3 5 2

D-W 53 2 38 -3 5 0 1 -1 3 2 91 -1 6 -1

DE 52 2 37 -4 6 0 2 0 3 2 89 -2 8 0

D-E 48 1 37 -3 8 -2 5 2 2 2 85 -2 13 0

EE 32 10 52 0 12 -4 2 -2 2 -4 84 10 14 -6

IE 58 -8 37 8 3 2 1 0 1 -2 95 0 4 2

EL 41 -26 49 21 8 5 1 0 1 0 90 -5 9 5

ES 52 -13 42 11 4 2 1 1 1 -1 94 -2 5 3

FR 41 -8 45 6 9 3 3 -1 2 0 86 -2 12 2

IT 42 -13 45 6 6 2 4 3 3 2 87 -7 10 5

CY 72 -1 20 -4 5 3 1 0 2 2 92 -5 6 3

LV 33 0 53 12 10 -4 2 -4 2 -4 86 12 12 -8

LT 38 0 51 10 7 -5 2 -1 2 -4 89 10 9 -6

LU 58 -10 35 10 5 1 1 -1 1 0 93 0 6 0

HU 29 -1 58 15 8 -5 3 -3 2 -6 87 14 11 -8

MT 59 -11 34 8 5 2 1 1 1 0 93 -3 6 3

NL 38 -16 50 11 9 3 3 2 0 0 88 -5 12 5

AT 35 -5 52 7 9 1 2 0 2 -3 87 2 11 1

PL 38 -13 52 9 5 2 1 0 4 2 90 -4 6 2

PT 32 2 60 2 5 0 1 0 2 -4 92 4 6 0

RO 57 36 2 1 4 93 3

SI 32 -19 48 9 15 8 3 1 2 1 80 -10 18 9

SK 31 -4 56 6 8 1 2 -2 3 -1 87 2 10 -1

FI 47 -8 47 11 5 -2 1 -1 0 0 94 3 6 -3

SE 67 -6 29 5 3 0 1 1 0 0 96 -1 4 1

UK 50 -13 41 13 5 0 3 0 1 0 91 0 8 0

QD2 Selon vous, est-il très important, plutôt important, pas très important ou pas du tout important d'aider les populations des pays en voie de développement ?

QD2 In your opinion, is it very important, fairly important, not very important or not at all important to help people in developingcountries?

QD2 Ist es Ihrer Meinung nach sehr wichtig, eher wichtig, nicht sehr wichtig oder überhaupt nicht wichtig, den Menschen in Entwicklungsländern zu helfen?

Trèsimportant

Veryimportant

Sehrwichtig

Plutôtimportant

Fairlyimportant

Ziemlichwichtig

Pas très important

Not very important

Nicht sehr wichtig

Pas du tout important

Not at all important

Überhaupt nicht wichtig

Total'Pas important'

Total'Not important'

Gesamt'Nicht wichtig'

NSP

DK

WN

Total 'Important'

Total 'Important'

Gesamt 'Wichtig'


1/2

%

EU 27

BE

BG

CZ

DK

D-W

DE

D-E

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

QD3 Comment vous décrivez-vous quand on parle d’aider les gens dans les pays en voie de développement ?


QD3 Was trifft auf Sie zu, wenn es um Hilfe für Menschen in Entwicklungsländern geht?

Vous êtes bénévole dans une organisation

d’aide aux pays en voie de développement


Sie sind ehrenamtlich in einer Organisation

tätig, die Entwicklungsländern

hilft

EB73.5

Vous donnez de l’argent à une organisation d’aide

aux pays en voie de développement sans être

bénévole actif


developing countries but you are not an active

volunteer

Sie spenden Geld an eine Organisation, die

Entwicklungsländern hilft, sind aber nicht aktiv ehrenamtlich tätig

EB73.5

Vous soutenez l’aide aux pays en voie de

développement sans être bénévole ni donner

de l’argent

You are in favor of helping developing

countries without being a volunteer or giving

money yourself

Sie befürworten Hilfe für Entwicklungsländer,

ohne selbst ehrenamtlich tätig zu

sein oder Geld zu spenden

EB73.5

Vous n’êtes pas intéressé(e) par l’aide aux pays en voie de

développement

You are not involved in helping people in developing countries

Sie beteiligen sich nicht an Hilfen für

Menschen in Entwicklungsländern

EB73.5

Vous êtes opposé(e) à l’aide aux pays en

voie de développement

You are opposed to help to developing

countries

Sie sind dagegen, dass

Entwicklungsländern geholfen wird

EB73.5

4 26 42 21 3

6 35 31 22 4

1 4 59 21 4

2 16 51 26 4

6 55 28 8 2

4 36 41 12 2

4 35 41 13 3

3 30 43 14 6

3 6 42 41 4

4 61 20 13 1

1 8 61 24 3

7 19 47 25 1

4 22 52 14 4

5 23 55 8 2

2 17 68 10 1

2 5 28 59 3

1 11 43 38 3

10 55 25 6 1

4 8 49 32 2

2 56 16 22 2

5 57 22 12 4

5 38 35 15 2

1 14 45 34 2

2 11 48 34 2

1 2 44 40 3

2 19 32 39 7

1 22 40 33 2

9 51 28 11 1

4 58 27 10 1

5 35 25 30 3


2/2

%

EU 27

BE

BG

CZ

DK

D-W

DE

D-E

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

0 0

0 2

1 1

0 0

2 8

1 0

1 3

0 3

0 0

3 2

2 3

1 1

1 3

1 2

0 2

1 2

1 3

2 5

2 1

0 1

2 2

0 1

1 3

2 2

0 1

1 4

2 9

1 0

1 3

1 1

Verweigert (SPONTAN)

WN

EB73.5

EB73.5

Refus (SPONTANE)

NSP

Refusal (SPONTANEOUS)

DK

QD3 Comment vous décrivez-vous quand on parle d’aider les gens dans les pays en voie de développement ?


QD3 Was trifft auf Sie zu, wenn es um Hilfe für Menschen in Entwicklungsländern geht?


1/2

%EB

73.5

Diff.EB

71.2

EB73.5

Diff.EB

71.2

EB73.5

Diff.EB

71.2

EB73.5

Diff.EB

71.2

EB73.5

Diff.EB

71.2

EB73.5

Diff.EB

71.2

EB73.5

Diff.EB

71.2EU 27 27 -6 19 19 17 -9 15 -5 4 2 1 0 2 -3

BE 28 -6 26 26 16 -13 12 -7 4 1 1 0 2 -2

BG 23 -5 28 28 20 -19 6 -6 1 0 1 0 0 0

CZ 37 -8 15 15 16 -3 17 -3 2 0 2 0 1 0

DK 35 -8 19 19 20 -10 7 -5 3 0 1 0 5 0

D-W 36 -1 12 12 18 -10 9 -4 2 0 0 -1 3 -2

DE 36 -2 13 13 17 -10 9 -4 2 0 0 -1 3 -3

D-E 36 -6 17 17 14 -12 6 -7 1 0 0 -1 4 -2

EE 35 -7 16 16 19 -5 11 0 3 2 2 1 1 -1

IE 39 -1 19 19 13 -11 11 -4 2 0 1 0 1 -3

EL 22 -6 24 24 21 -17 17 -4 4 0 0 -1 1 -1

ES 15 -9 20 20 12 -11 26 -7 4 2 2 0 2 -1

FR 22 -3 27 27 15 -12 16 -10 5 1 1 0 3 -2

IT 23 -7 19 19 15 -7 16 -6 4 1 4 1 3 0

CY 21 2 25 25 31 -16 14 -6 1 -1 0 -1 0 -1

LV 28 4 21 21 19 -9 15 -4 3 0 2 0 1 -1

LT 14 -3 24 24 20 -16 20 -3 2 0 4 0 1 0

LU 24 -12 22 22 28 -7 7 -1 2 1 0 0 7 0

HU 20 -14 28 28 12 -17 24 0 6 5 2 1 0 -2

MT 28 -9 17 17 18 -6 20 -3 3 2 0 -2 2 0

NL 42 -12 23 23 16 -6 4 -4 3 0 1 0 3 -2

AT 30 -1 15 15 18 -5 15 -10 2 1 1 0 2 -2

PL 22 -12 18 18 27 -10 14 3 2 1 1 0 1 -1

PT 21 3 15 15 21 2 20 -12 2 1 2 1 0 -1

RO 15 -7 22 22 30 -17 15 2 3 1 1 0 0 -1

SI 24 -15 22 22 16 -16 18 3 2 1 2 0 0 -1

SK 47 -5 17 17 15 -12 9 -3 1 1 1 0 1 0

FI 46 -20 23 23 14 -4 6 0 1 0 1 1 2 -1

SE 56 -17 10 10 15 3 3 1 1 0 1 1 4 0

UK 31 -3 16 16 9 -4 18 -5 6 3 2 1 5 -7

QD4 D’après vous, parmi les acteurs suivants, qui est le mieux placé pour aider les pays en voie de développement ? (ROTATION)


QD4 Welche der folgenden Länder und Institutionen ist Ihrer Ansicht nach am besten dafür geeignet armen Menschen Entwicklungshilfe zu leisten? (ROTIEREN)

Les Nations Unies

The United Nations

Die Vereinten Nationen

La Banque Mondiale

The WorldBank

DieWeltbank

L’Union européenne

The European Union

Die Europäische Union

Les Etats-Unis

The United States

Die Vereinigten Staaten

La Chine

China

China

Le Japon

Japan

Japan

(NOTREPAYS)

(OUR COUNTRY)

(UNSERLAND)


2/2

%EB

73.5

Diff.EB

71.2

EB73.5

Diff.EB

71.2EU 27 3 1 12 1

BE 3 2 8 -1

BG 0 -1 21 3

CZ 2 1 8 -2

DK 2 1 8 3

D-W 6 3 14 3

DE 6 3 14 4

D-E 6 4 16 7

EE 1 -1 12 -5

IE 1 -1 13 1

EL 6 3 5 2

ES 3 1 16 5

FR 2 0 9 -1

IT 2 1 14 -2

CY 3 0 5 -2

LV 0 -2 11 -9

LT 3 0 12 -2

LU 3 -1 7 -2

HU 1 0 7 -1

MT 1 0 11 1

NL 4 2 4 -1

AT 5 2 12 0

PL 1 0 14 1

PT 2 -1 17 -8

RO 1 0 13 0

SI 10 6 6 0

SK 1 0 8 2

FI 3 1 4 0

SE 3 1 7 1

UK 1 -2 12 1

QD4 D’après vous, parmi les acteurs suivants, qui est le mieux placé pour aider les pays en voie de développement ? (ROTATION)


QD4 Welche der folgenden Länder und Institutionen ist Ihrer Ansicht nach am besten dafür geeignet armen Menschen Entwicklungshilfe zu leisten? (ROTIEREN)

NSP

DK

WN

Autre(SPONTANE)

Other (SPONTANEOUS)

Sonstiges (SPONTAN)


1/2

%EB

73.5

Diff.EB

71.2

EB73.5

Diff.EB

71.2

EB73.5

Diff.EB

71.2EU 27 14 -10 50 2 15 7

BE 13 -9 51 0 15 6

BG 4 -2 31 -8 24 13

CZ 9 -14 52 4 15 7

DK 13 -17 66 9 8 4

D-W 9 -10 49 -5 21 12

DE 9 -9 48 -6 21 11

D-E 10 -6 46 -8 19 7

EE 7 -9 54 5 19 11

IE 8 -7 51 1 20 7

EL 15 -23 46 3 20 12

ES 21 -13 43 -2 17 11

FR 16 -7 58 6 8 1

IT 22 -4 44 -3 13 6

CY 10 -30 58 22 13 7

LV 13 0 49 11 12 0

LT 9 -6 38 1 19 7

LU 19 -7 63 12 9 5

HU 11 -9 48 1 22 11

MT 15 -3 50 2 12 6

NL 8 -12 55 -5 20 14

AT 21 2 50 4 14 2

PL 12 -10 54 9 13 5

PT 8 -10 48 -1 19 14

RO 14 -21 44 14 8 4

SI 12 -14 51 0 14 7

SK 10 -7 55 -1 16 7

FI 5 -12 60 -5 22 13

SE 16 -13 68 14 9 5

UK 11 -14 55 10 15 7

QD5 L’Union européenne s’est engagée à augmenter le niveau de l'aide au développement qu’elle fournit aux pays en voie de développement. Au vu de la situation économique actuelle, laquelle des propositions suivantes se rapproche le plus de votre opinion ?


QD5 Die EU hat sich verpflichtet, den Umfang ihrer Entwicklungshilfe für Entwicklungsländer zu erhöhen. Welche der folgenden Aussagen entspricht angesichts der aktuellen wirtschaftlichen Lage am ehesten Ihrer Meinung ?

Nous devrions augmenter l’aide européenne aux pays en voie de développement

au-delà de ce qui a déjà été promis

We should increase European aid to developing countries beyond what is

already promised

Wir sollten die europäische Entwicklungshilfe für die

Entwicklungsländer stärker erhöhen als bisher

versprochen

Nous devrions tenir notre promesse d’augmenter l’aide

aux pays en voie de développement

We should keep our promise to increase aid to developing

countries

Wir sollten unsere anfänglichen Versprechen an

die Entwicklungsländer halten, aber nicht mehr

Nous ne devrions pas augmenter l’aide aux pays en voie de développement, même si cela a été promis

We should not increase the levels of aid to developing

countries even though it has been promised

Wir sollten die Entwicklungshilfe für die Entwicklungsländer nicht erhöhen, auch wenn dies

versprochen wurde


2/2

%EB

73.5

Diff.EB

71.2

EB73.5

Diff.EB

71.2EU 27 14 3 7 -2

BE 19 5 2 -2

BG 23 2 18 -5

CZ 21 7 3 -4

DK 12 5 1 -1

D-W 14 2 7 1

DE 15 3 7 1

D-E 19 7 6 0

EE 15 -3 5 -4

IE 15 2 6 -3

EL 14 5 5 3

ES 15 8 4 -4

FR 14 2 4 -2

IT 13 4 8 -3

CY 12 8 7 -7

LV 23 -7 3 -4

LT 27 5 7 -7

LU 6 -5 3 -5

HU 13 -1 6 -2

MT 17 6 6 -11

NL 15 5 2 -2

AT 11 -5 4 -3

PL 9 1 12 -5

PT 16 11 9 -14

RO 12 6 22 -3

SI 20 9 3 -2

SK 15 2 4 -1

FI 11 4 2 0

SE 5 -4 2 -2

UK 15 2 4 -5

WN

QD5 L’Union européenne s’est engagée à augmenter le niveau de l'aide au développement qu’elle fournit aux pays en voie de développement. Au vu de la situation économique actuelle, laquelle des propositions suivantes se rapproche le plus de votre opinion ?


QD5 Die EU hat sich verpflichtet, den Umfang ihrer Entwicklungshilfe für Entwicklungsländer zu erhöhen. Welche der folgenden Aussagen entspricht angesichts der aktuellen wirtschaftlichen Lage am ehesten Ihrer Meinung ?

Wir sollten die Entwicklungshilfe für die

Entwicklungsländer verringern, da wir sie uns nicht mehr leisten können

NSP

We should reduce aid to developing countries as we

can no longer afford itDK

Nous devrions réduire l’aide aux pays en voie de

développement, car nous ne sommes plus capables de

l’assumer


%

EU 27

BE

BG

CZ

DK

D-W

DE

D-E

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

QD6 Pensez-vous qu’il y a une valeur ajoutée à ce que les Etats Membres de l’Union européenne travaillent ensemble pour aider les pays en voie de développement ?

QD6 Do you think there is added value in EU Member States working together on helping developing countries?

QD6 Sind Sie der Meinung, dass die Zusammenarbeit der Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Union bei der Unterstützung von Entwicklungsländern einen Mehrwert bietet?

Oui,tout à fait

Yes,definitely

Ja,voll und ganz

EB73.5

Oui, dans une certaine mesure

Yes, to some extent

Ja,teilweise

EB73.5

Non,pas vraiment

No,not really

Nein,eher nicht

EB73.5

Non,pas du tout

No,definitely not

Nein,überhaupt nicht

EB73.5

NSP

DK

WN

EB73.5

Total'Oui'

Total'Yes'

Gesamt'Ja'

EB73.5

Total'Non'

Total'No'

Gesamt'Nein'

EB73.5

38 38 10 4 10 76 14

43 37 14 4 2 80 18

33 36 9 5 17 69 14

14 41 23 9 13 55 32

54 34 7 3 2 88 10

34 38 12 3 13 72 15

32 37 13 5 13 69 18

26 35 16 9 14 61 25

46 38 7 1 8 84 8

49 35 6 1 9 84 7

19 44 17 3 17 63 20

60 29 4 2 5 89 6

48 32 7 4 9 80 11

35 40 10 3 12 75 13

37 29 7 1 26 66 8

30 48 13 2 7 78 15

14 40 13 5 28 54 18

63 26 5 1 5 89 6

33 41 12 1 13 74 13

49 30 3 2 16 79 5

45 40 10 4 1 85 14

16 52 20 6 6 68 26

21 53 9 2 15 74 11

22 49 9 2 18 71 11

36 38 5 1 20 74 6

16 42 16 4 22 58 20

21 44 18 4 13 65 22

28 48 17 2 5 76 19

65 29 2 1 3 94 3

45 36 10 4 5 81 14


1/2

%

EU 27

BE

BG

CZ

DK

D-W

DE

D-E

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

QD7 Au delà de l’aide financière, quelles politiques européennes suivantes ont un impacte positif sur les pays en voie de développement ? (PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES)

QD7 Apart from financial aid, which of the following European Union policies have a positive impact on developing countries?(MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)

QD7 Welche der folgenden politischen Richtlinien der Europäischen Union haben, abgesehen von finanzieller Hilfe, positive Auswirkungen auf Entwicklungsländer? (MEHRFACHNENNUNGEN MÖGLICH)

Le changement climatique

Climate change

Der Klimawandel

EB73.5

Les migrations

Migration

Zu- und Abwanderung

EB73.5

Le commerce et la finance

Trade and finance

Handel und Finanzen

EB73.5

L’énergie

Energy

Energie

EB73.5

L’environnement

Environment

Umweltschutz

EB73.5

Les transports

Transport

Transport

EB73.5

L’agriculture

Agriculture

Landwirtschaft

EB73.5

18 22 43 21 22 13 33

23 26 49 28 26 24 45

16 21 40 35 28 15 30

9 20 50 19 23 16 42

33 16 62 22 30 14 47

28 19 40 21 27 8 35

27 19 41 21 27 9 35

24 21 45 21 27 12 32

7 13 48 21 24 18 32

22 13 55 18 17 18 34

21 30 53 36 31 21 27

19 37 35 15 16 10 30

14 18 35 25 22 12 38

14 29 39 22 18 12 24

27 34 61 22 36 11 26

5 15 37 18 9 9 25

6 23 38 23 8 7 19

22 21 42 21 20 9 33

15 10 47 27 22 13 42

24 36 37 29 25 6 19

19 11 60 11 20 17 45

26 34 42 36 31 22 40

10 17 38 20 17 16 33

13 21 39 17 15 12 25

16 25 45 19 22 24 43

17 15 48 21 18 25 36

15 17 51 23 26 22 38

26 17 46 22 29 5 42

39 19 58 29 40 20 44

17 18 51 17 18 10 25


2/2

%

EU 27

BE

BG

CZ

DK

D-W

DE

D-E

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

QD7 Au delà de l’aide financière, quelles politiques européennes suivantes ont un impacte positif sur les pays en voie de développement ? (PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES)

QD7 Apart from financial aid, which of the following European Union policies have a positive impact on developing countries?(MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)

QD7 Welche der folgenden politischen Richtlinien der Europäischen Union haben, abgesehen von finanzieller Hilfe, positive Auswirkungen auf Entwicklungsländer? (MEHRFACHNENNUNGEN MÖGLICH)

La construction de la paix

Peacebuilding

Friedensaufbau

EB73.5

Autre(SPONTANE)

Other (SPONTANEOUS)

Sonstiges (SPONTAN)

EB73.5

Aucun (SPONTANE)

None (SPONTANEOUS)

Nichts davon (SPONTAN)

EB73.5

NSP

DK

WN

EB73.5

43 1 2 8

52 1 2 3

41 0 1 15

38 0 1 4

56 0 1 4

48 0 3 8

48 0 3 8

47 0 4 7

44 1 2 9

49 1 0 8

41 0 3 3

39 2 1 5

49 1 4 7

43 2 2 9

60 0 1 4

28 1 3 10

29 2 2 15

50 1 2 5

48 1 2 4

54 1 1 5

58 1 2 2

47 3 5 2

30 0 2 12

45 1 2 13

33 1 1 15

45 4 3 3

33 1 2 4

55 2 0 3

63 1 1 2

39 2 2 10