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IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 3, Issue 10, 2015 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

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Evolution of Properties of Pavers Blocks Using Nylon Fiber Fly Ash and

Rice Husk Ash for Medium Traffic

Barun Kumar1 Rashmi Sakale

2 Devansh Jain

3 A.K Jha

4

1M.tech Scholar

2,4Associate Professor

3Assistant Professor

1,2Truba Institute of Engineering and IT

3UIT-RGPV

4Bhopal Laxmi Narian College of Technology

Abstract— Strong unreinforced pre-cast bond concrete paver

blocks is a flexible, tastefully appealing, practical,

financially savvy and requires next to zero support if

effectively produced and laid. Paver blocks can be utilized

for distinctive movement classifications i.e. Non-movement,

Light-activity, Medium-traffic, Heavy-traffic and Very

heavy traffic. In present study work paver blocks of M-40

grade of concrete of 80mm thickness for medium activity

with differing rate of nylon fiber i.e. 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%,

0.4%,0.5% is utilized to enhance the compressive strength is

thrown. Subsequent to discovering ideal rate of nylon fiber,

the same is utilized as consistent alongside Fly Ash and Rice

Husk Ash in shifting rate 10%, 20%, 30% is added as bond

substitution to analyze the progressions in compressive

strength and flexure strength of paver block.

Key words: Fly Ash, Rice Husk Ash, Nylon fiber,

Compressive strength, Paver block

I. INTRODUCTION

Cement solid tiles and clearing blocks are precast strong

items made out of cement. The item is made in different

sizes and shapes viz. rectangular, square and round blocks of

distinctive measurements with outlines for interlocking of

adjoining tiles blocks. The crude materials required for

assembling of the item are Portland cement and aggregates

which are accessible locally in all aspects of the nation

applications. Thus, the unit may be set up in urban and semi-

urban ranges, close to the business sector. A considerable

measure of cosmetic touch up is being given to streets, trails

along the roadside. Solid clearing blocks are perfect

materials on the pathways for simple laying, better look and

wrap up. While the tiles discover broad use outside the

expansive building and houses, loads of these materials are

likewise utilized as a part of ground surface in the open

zones of open workplaces and business structures and

private flats.

We all know for asphalt of paver block required

high compressive strength and to expand the compressive

strength of paver blocks different endeavors have been

made. In this specific study M40 paver blocks have been

cates of 80 mm thickness for medium activity and to expand

its compressive strength Nylon fiber is added to concrete.

In present study work paver blocks of M-40

evaluation of 80mm thickness for medium movement with

fluctuating rate of nylon fiber (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%,

0.4%,0.5%) is utilized to enhance the compressive strength

is thrown. In the wake of discovering ideal rate of nylon

fiber, the same is utilized as steady alongside Fly Ash and

Rice Husk Ash in differing rate (10%, 20%, 30%) is

included (as cement replacement) to inspect the progressions

in compressive strength and flexure strength of paver block.

II. MANUFACTURING OF PAVER BLOCKS

How paver block is manufactured for experimental work is

described below. 80mm thick Paver block of M-40 grade is

cast for the experimental work. For manufacturing of paver

blocks certain Steps is followed which is given below.

A. Dimension of the Paver Blocks

For manufacturing of paver block first we have decide that

size of the paver block, which is according to manufacturer

is given below:

Shape: I section

Length: 200 mm

Width: 160 mm

Thickness = 80 mm

Aspect ratio (L/T) = 200/80 = 2.5 < 4.0 as per IS 15658 :

2006

B. Calculation Of Area By IS 15658 : 2006

1) Plan Area (Asp)(Method 1)

The test example should be weighted, while suspended by

metal wire, and totally submerged in water, and the weight

might be recorded in N to closest 0.01N (Wa). They should

be expelled from water and permitted to deplete for one

moment by putting them on a 10mm coarser wire network.

Noticeable water on the example might be evacuated with a

clammy material. The example should be quickly weighed

and the weight for every example noted N to the closest

0.01N (WW). the volume of example should be computed as

takes after:

Volume = (WW – Wa) 10-3 m3

The volume shall be divided by thickness to obtain plan area

in mm2.

Volume = 0.0002 m3

Area= 28589.32 mm2

2) Plan Area (Asp)(Method 2)

The example might be set, wearing face confronting up, on

cardboard and its edge is followed with the pencil. The

shape might be cut precisely with the scissors and weighted

to the closest 0.0001N, and the outcome recorded as mass

(msp). A rectangle measuring 200mm x 100mm cut out

from same cardboard should likewise be weighted to closest

0.0001 N, and result recorded as mass (mstd). the

arrangement range for the block might be computed from

the equation:

Msp= 0.020 Kg

Mstd= 0.014 Kg

Area (Asp) = 28571.4286 = 28572 mm2

Evolution of Properties of Pavers Blocks Using Nylon Fiber Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash for Medium Traffic

(IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 10/2015/089)


3) Selection of Ingredient

All fixing utilized as a part of this venture is chosen

according to procurement given under IS 15658 : 2006,

Cement utilized for undertaking is Ordinary Portland cement

of evaluation 43., Rice husks are the hard securing covers of

grains of rice. Notwithstanding ensuring rice amid the

developing season Rice husk is taken from Bhagrava krishi

Farm, Vidisha where rice is taken from homestead and after

that by offer of thrasher some assistance with ricing and rice

husk are isolated, and after that this rice husk is blaze. The

smoldering procedure of rice husk proceeds around 48

hours. Following 48 hours rice husk fiery remains stay

untouched for 12 hours because of cooling procedure. At

that point rice husk cinder experiences a mechanical

procedure of pounding to make rice husk fine, on the

grounds that finer husk gives better result when it is

supplanted by cement in cement. Fly slag is gathered from

Dirk india Pvt. Ltd., Bhopal where they bring fly fiery

debris from all over india and afterward they make solid

utilizing fly slag. So fly powder is gathered dirk plant and

utilized as a part of cement for test work. Locally accessible

nylon fiber is utlilized and Water utilized as a part of paver

blocks is adjusting the determination of IS 456 : 2000.

Water utilized for blending is free from damaging measure

of oils, acids, soluble bases, salts, sugar, natural materials or

different substances that may be pernicious to concrete.

Characteristic waterway sand, which free from natural

pollutions is utilized as a part of this undertaking alongside

10 mm most extreme estimated pulverized regular stone is

utilized as coarse aggregate. Blend Design is done of cement

of M-40 grade according to IS 10262 : 2009 and curing is

done in clean water, which is gathered from research center

tab and free pollutions at room temperature.

III. EXPERIMENT AND RESULTS

Experiment performed in this project with their test result

and discussion on compressive strength development of

control concrete, Nylon Fiber Concrete, Fly Ash and Rice

Husk Ash with Nylon Fiber Concrete paver blocks and

Concrete at different curing period, and also different test

results which is carried on different materials is discussed

below.

A. Physical Test on Materials

Various Physical tests on concrete on cement and aggregates

are performed. Test like fineness modulus and specific

gravity are performed. And their results are given below:

1) Specific Gravity Test

Specific gravity test of all material are performed in

laboratory and their results are given in table 1 below:

S. No. Material Specific Gravity

1. Cement 3.15

2. Fine Aggregate 2.56

3. Coarse Aggregate 2.75

4. Rice Husk Ash 2.35

5. Fly Ash 2.50

Table 1: Results of Specific Gravity Test

2) Fineness Modulus

Fineness modulus of cement and aggregates are performed

and it is observed that Fineness modulus of material are

satisfactory.

S. No Material Fineness modulus

1. Cement 3.8

2. Rice Husk Ash 3.2

3. Fly Ash 2.7

4. Fine Aggregate 3.29

5. Coarse Aggregate 7.44

Table 2: Results for fineness modulus of materials

3) Water Absorption of Aggregates

Water absorption test of the concrete is performed in

laboratory, water absorption of fine aggregate is 0.206 and

of coarse aggregate is 1.023.

4) Bulking Of Sand

Bulking of sand is not required because mix is designed for

weigh batching and by sieve analysis and gradation curve

sand comes in Zone II so correction for bulking is required.

But, bulking of sand is calculated and its value is 24%.

B. Workability

1) Workability of Nylon Fiber Paver Blocks

Table 3 and graph 1 shows workability of the concrete with

nylon fiber and it has been observed that nylon fiber

decreases workability of the concrete

Mix Slump (mm)

Standard Concrete 83

FB1 80

FB2 78

FB3 78

FB4 74

FB5 71

Table 3: Workability of Concrete with Nylon fibers




Fig. 1: Graph 1: Workability of Concrete with Nylon fibers

2) Workability of Fly Ash Paver Blocks With Nylon Fiber

Table 4 and graph 2 shows workability of the concrete with

fly ash nylon fiber and it is clearly shows that fly ash with

nylon fiber increases the workability of the concrete.

Mix Slump (mm)


FA10 95

FA20 103

FA30 110

Table 4: Workability of Concrete with Nylon fibers and Fly

Ash

Fig. 2: Graph 2: Workability of Concrete with Nylon fibers

and Fly Ash

3) Workability of Rice Husk Ash Paver Blocks With Nylon

Fiber

Table 5 and graph 3 shows workability of concrete with rice

husk ash and nylon fiber and it has been observed that these

material decreases the workability of the concrete.

Mix Slump (mm)


RHA10 72

RHA20 65

RHA30 58

Table 5: Workability of Concrete with Nylon fibers and

Rice Husk Ash

Fig. 3Graph 3: Workability of Concrete with Nylon fibers

and Rice Husk Ash

C. Compressive Strength Test

S.No. Paver Block

Thickness

(mm)

Correction factor

Plain

Block

Arrised /

Chamfered Block

1. 50 0.96 1.03

2. 60 1.00 1.06

3. 80 1.12 1.18

4. 100 1.18 1.24

5. 120 1.28 1.34

Table 6: Correction Factors for Thickness and Arris /

Chamfer of Paver Block for Calculation of Compressive

Strength

For other thickness of paver blocks between 50 mm

and 120 mm, linear extrapolation of-concrete factor shall be

made.

When paver blocks goes through compressive

strength test it has been observed that compressive strength

of paver blocks increases in the nylon fiber content upto

0.3%; when we increase the nylon fiber content further

0.4% and 0.5% it possess comparatively lower compressive

strength. 0.3% of nylon fiber paver blocks possess 42.309

N/mm2 compressive strength, when we correct it according

64

66

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

82

84

Standard

Concrete

FB1 FB2 FB3 FB4 FB5

Slump (mm)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Standard

Concrete

FA10 FA20 FA30

Slump (mm)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Standard

Concrete

RHA10 RHA20 RHA30

Slump (mm)




to 15658 : 2006 it goes to 49.92 N/mm2; after testing the

nylon fiber pavers for their compressive strength we get the

optimum percentage of nylon fiber is 0.3%. with this

optimum percentage of nylon fiber we replace cement by

Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash upto 30% at regular interval of

10% in paver blocks mixes and after compressive strength

test it has been observed that FA 20 mix i.e. 20% Fly Ash

replacement and 10% Rice Husk Ash replacement mix i.e

RHA10 mix with optimum nylon fiber content gives

maximum compressive strength. Result of compressive

strength test is given below

1) Compressive Strength of Nylon Fiber Paver Blocks

When nylon fiber paver blocks is tested for their

compressive strength their FB3 mix gives highest result.

Compressive strength test is given in table 7 and graph 4-5.

MIX COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (N/MM

2)

7 Days 14 Days 28 Days

STANDARD

MIX 36.9 39.87 42.24

FB1 35.414 36.423 37.439

FB2 35.834 37.143 37.849

FB3 40.121 42.245 44.258

FB4 38.094 39.423 40.209

FB5 37.944 39.243 39.899

Table 7: Compressive Strength of Nylon Fiber Paver Blocks

Fig. 4: Graph 4: Compressive Strength of Nylon Fiber Paver

Blocks

Fig .5: Graph 5: Compressive Strength of Nylon Fiber

Paver Blocks

2) Corrected Compressive Strength of Nylon Fiber Paver

Blocks

As per IS 15658 compressive strength of paver blocks is

corrected, 1.18 is multiplied with calculated compressive

strength for arrised and chamfer blocks and their

compressive strength result is given table 8 and graph 6-7

Mix Compressive Strength (N/mm

2)


Standard Mix 43.542 47.0466 49.8432

FB1 41.7885 42.9791 44.178

FB2 42.2841 43.8287 44.6618

FB3 47.3428 49.8491 52.2244

FB4 44.9509 46.5191 47.4466

FB5 44.7739 46.3067 47.0808

Table 8: Corrected Compressive Strength of nylon fiber

paver blocks as per IS 15658

Fig. 6: Graph 6: Corrected Compressive Strength of nylon

fiber paver blocks as per IS 15658

Fig. 7: Graph 7: Corrected Compressive Strength of nylon

fiber paver blocks as per IS 15658

MIX

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

(N/MM²)


STANDARD

CONCRETE 36.9 39.87 42.24

FA10 37.637 39.849 40.659

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


Compressive Strength (N/mm2)

Standard Mix FB1

FB2 FB3

FB4 FB5




FA20 39.78 41.25 44.89

FA30 37.227 38.129 38.519

Table 9: Compressive Strength of Fly Ash Paver Blocks

with Nylon Fiber

Fig. 8: Graph 8: Compressive Strength of Fly Ash Paver

Blocks with Nylon Fiber

Fig. 9: Graph 9: Compressive Strength of Fly Ash Paver


3) Corrected Compressive Strength of Fly Ash Paver

Blocks With Nylon Fiber

1.18 is multiplied with calculated compressive strength for

arrised and chamfer blocks and their compressive strength

result is given table 12 and graph 14-15.

MIX

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

(N/MM²)


STANDARD

CONCRETE 43.542 47.0466 49.8432

FA10 44.4117 47.0218 47.9776

FA20 46.9404 48.675 52.9702

FA30 43.9279 44.9922 45.4524

Table 10: Corrected Compressive Strength of Fly Ash Paver

Blocks with Nylon Fiber as per 15658

Fig. 10: Graph 10: Corrected Compressive Strength of Fly

Ash Paver Blocks with Nylon Fiber as per 15658

Fig. 11: Graph 11: Corrected Compressive Strength of Fly

Ash Paver Blocks with Nylon Fiber as per 15658

4) Compressive Strength Of Rice Husk Ash Paver Blocks

With Nylon Fiber

After getting optimum percentage of nylon fiber i.e 0.3%,

Rice Husk Ash is added to paver blocks and Compressive

Strength test result is given in table 11 and graph 12-13

Mix Compressive Strength (N/mm²)


Standard Concrete 36.9 39.87 42.24

RHA10 34.6 38.79 48.7

RHA20 29.41 34.47 40.95

RHA30 27.82 32.05 37.15

Table 11: Compressive Strength of Rice Husk Ash Paver


0

10

20

30

40

50

Standard

Concrete

FA10 FA20 FA30

Compressive Strength (N/mm²)



0

10

20

30

40

50



Standard Concrete FA10

FA20 FA30

0

10

20

30

40

50

60



Standard Concrete FA10

FA20 FA30




Fig. 12: Graph 12: Compressive Strength of Rice Husk Ash

Paver Blocks with Nylon Fiber

Fig. 13: Graph 13: Compressive Strength of Rice Husk Ash


5) Corrected Compressive Strength of Rice Husk Ash


1.18 is multiplied with calculated compressive strength for

arrised and chamfer blocks and their compressive strength

result is given table 12 and graph 14-15.

Mix Compressive Strength (N/mm²)


Standard Concrete 43.542 47.0466 49.8432

RHA10 40.828 45.7722 57.466

RHA20 34.7038 40.6746 48.321

RHA30 32.8276 37.819 43.837

Table 12: Corrected Compressive Strength of Rice Husk

Ash Paver Blocks with Nylon Fiber as Per IS 15658

Fig. 14: Graph 14: Corrected Compressive Strength of Rice

Husk Ash Paver Blocks with Nylon Fiber as per IS 15658

Fig. 15: Graph 15: Corrected Compressive Strength of Rice

Husk Ash Paver Blocks with Nylon Fiber as per IS 15658

D. Flexural Strength Test

1) Flexural Strength Of Nylon Fiber Paver Blocks

Flexural Strength of the nylon fiber paver blocks is given

below in table 13 and graph 16-17. It has been observed that

FB3 mix i.e. 0.3% nylon mix gives maximum flexural

strength which is good for medium traffic

Mix Flexural Strength (N/mm

2)


Standard Mix 3.10 4.80 4.94

FB1 3.04 4.59 4.65

FB2 3.06 4.63 4.68

FB3 3.23 4.94 5.06

FB4 3.15 4.77 4.82

FB5 3.14 4.76 4.80

Table 13: Flexural Strength of Nylon Fiber Paver Blocks

0

10

20

30

40

50

60



Standard Concrete RHA10

RHA20 RHA30

0

10

20

30

40

50

60



Standard Concrete RHA10 RHA20 RHA30

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Standard

Concrete

RHA10 RHA20 RHA30




0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70




RHA20 RHA30




Fig. 16: Graph 16: Flexural Strength of Nylon Fiber Paver

Blocks

Fig. 17: Graph 17: Flexural Strength of Nylon Fiber Paver

Blocks

2) Flexural Strength of Fly Ash Paver Blocks with Nylon

Fiber

Table 14 and graph 18-19 shows flexural strength of the fly

ash paver blocks with nylon fiber, its FA20 mix gives i.e. of

20% fly ash and 0.3% nylon fiber possess maximum

flexural strength in this section

MIX FLEXURAL STRENGTH (N/MM

2)


STANDARD

CONCRETE 3.10 4.80 4.94

FA10 3.13 4.80 4.85

FA20 3.22 4.88 5.09

FA30 3.12 4.70 4.72

Table 14: Flexural Strength of Fly Ash Paver Block with

Nylon Fiber

Fig. 18: Graph 18: Flexural Strength of Fly Ash Paver Block

with Nylon Fiber

Fig. 19: Graph 19: Flexural Strength of Fly Ash Paver Block

with Nylon Fiber

3) S Flexural Strength of Rice Husk Ash Paver Blocks with

Nylon Fiber

Table 15 and graph 20-21 shows flexural strength of the rice

husk ash paver blocks with nylon fiber, its RHA20 mix

gives i.e. of 10% rice husk ash and 0.3% nylon fiber possess

maximum flexural strength in this section.

MIX FLEXURAL STRENGTH (N/MM

2)


STANDARD

CONCRETE 3.10 4.80 4.94

RHA10 3.00 4.74 5.31

RHA20 2.77 4.46 4.87

RHA30 2.69 4.30 4.63

Table 15: Flexural Strength of Rice Husk Ash Paver Blocks

with Nylon Fiber

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

Standard

Mix

FB1 FB2 FB3 FB4 FB5

Flexural Strength (N/mm2) Flexural Strength (N/mm2)

Flexural Strength (N/mm2)

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00



Standard Mix FB1 FB2

FB3 FB4 FB5

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

Standard

Concrete

FA10 FA20 FA30

Flexural Strength (N/mm2) Flexural Strength (N/mm2)


0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00



Standard Concrete FA10 FA20 FA30




Fig. 20: Graph 20: Flexural Strength of Rice Husk Ash


Fig. 21: Graph 21: Flexural Strength of Rice Husk Ash


IV. CONCLUSION

Interlocking concrete Pavement has been extensively used in

a number of countries fosr quite sometime, as a specialized

problem solving technique, for providing pavement in areas

where conventional types of construction are less durable

due to many operational and environment constraints. In

present study work varying percentage of nylon fiber (0.1%,

0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% & 0.5%) is used to improve the

compressive strength of concrete paver block. After finding

optimum percentage of nylon fiber, the same is used as

constant with Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash in varying

percentage (10%, 20% & 30%) is added (as cement

replacement) to examine the changes in compressive

strength and flexural strength of paver block. Following

conclusion is carried out from present study.

1) After performing compressive strength test on the

paver blocks with varying percentage of nylon

fiber, it is observed that by addition of 0.3% nylon

fiber gives the maximum compressive strength at 7,

14 and 28 days.

2) It is concluded that addition of nylon fiber in the

construction of concrete paver block increases its

compressive strength up to 4.55% as compared to

standard mix.

3) It is observed that in concrete paver block with

optimum nylon fiber content and 20% Fly Ash

replacing OPC, gives the maximum compressive

strength at 7, 14 and 28 days.

4) It is observed that in concrete paver block with

optimum nylon fiber content and 10% Rice Husk

Ash replacing OPC, gives the maximum

compressive strength at 7, 14 and 28 days.

5) It is also concluded that, addition of optimum nylon

fiber with Rice Husk Ash in concrete paver blocks,

increases its compressive strength up to 5.90% in

their 20% replacement mix as compared to

standard mix.

6) It is also concluded that, addition of optimum nylon

fiber with Fly Ash in concrete paver blocks,

increases its compressive strength up to 13.26% in

their 10% replacement mix as compared to

standard mix.

7) Nylon Fiber does not effects much on the

workability of the concrete, but there is some

decrease in the slump value of concrete when we

increase the content of nylon fibers.

8) Fly Ash with Nylon Fibers increase the workability

of the concrete, this mix increase slump value of

concrete by 24.54%.

9) Rice Husk Ash with Nylon Fibers decrease the

workability of the concrete, this mix decrease

slump value of concrete by 30.12%.

10) Likewise compressive strength, 0.3% of nylon fiber

is optimum percentage for flexural strength.

11) 0.3% nylon fiber with 20% Fly Ash i.e. FA20 mix

and 0.3% nylon fiber with 10% rice husk ash i.e.

RHA10 mix gives maximum and better flexural

strength.

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0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

Standard

Concrete

RHA10 RHA20 RHA30

Flexural Strength (N/mm2)Flexural Strength (N/mm2)Flexural Strength (N/mm2)

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00




RHA20 RHA30




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