DOMESTIC DIFFUSION OF INTERNATIONAL POLLUTION PREVENTION OPPORTUNITIES
submitted to:
United States Environmental Protection Agency Region IV
submitted by:
Steve Hillenbrand Tennessee Valley Authority
and
Dean M. Menke The University of Tennessee
Center for Clean Products and Clean Technologies
March 1997
printed on recycled paper
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ABSTRACT
Pollution prevention has been an effective tool in the U.S. to protect human health and the environment, reduce or eliminate the use of toxic chemicals, and increase industrial efficiency by reducing or eliminating the generation of wastes at the source. Many countries in the European Community have made similar strides in developing initiatives, products, and processes which prevent pollution in various stages of manufacturing/production. The existence of many of these pollution prevention technologies, however, is not known within U.S. businesses, industries, or technical assistance programs, and the information is not readily available. By cataloguing and disseminating information on pollution prevention technologies, cleaner production initiatives, and cleaner products worldwide, this Environmental Technology Initiative project, “The Domestic Diffusion of Intemational Pollution Prevention Opportunities,” improved the national and international diffusion of technological information.
Twenty-three organizations from five different countries were contacted within the context of this project. These organizations represent the breadth of possible contacts, from universities and private consulting firms, to local, regional and national environmental protection authorities and research facilities. The countries represented by these organizations included Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden. Intemational and multinational cooperative programs were also included amongst the contacts of this projest, represented by the United Nations Environmental Programme and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
each established contact. These meetings served to establish an international network of pollution prevention practitioners, and a conduit through which technical information and experiences could be exchanged. This network of pracritioners and exchange of information resulted in 83 separate entries into the pollution prevention and cleaner production technical database maintained for this project. Entries range kom pollution prevention possibilities and best available technologies for specific industries, to manuals which assist small and medium sized companies to establish an effective environmental management system. These 83 database entries have now been included and are available through the Waste Reduction Resource Center and their RLIBY database.
A U.S. delegation completed two separate trips to Europe, meeting personally with
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................. iv
INTRODUCTION ......................................................... 1
Project Goals ....................................................... 1
Project Scope ....................................................... 2 Contacts and Travel ............................................ 2 NeedsSurvey .................................................. 3 Information Exchange and Dissemination ........................... 3
ESTABLISHEDNETWORK ............................................... 3
Denmark ........................................... Copenhagen Capacity ............................ Copenhagen County Council ...................... Danish Environmental Protection Agency ............
SophusBerendsen ............................... Danish Technical Institute International .............
Storsimms Amt. Department of Environment and Energy
Germany ..............................................
Umweltbundesamt .................................. Fraunhofer.Gesellschaft. Wilhelm-Klauditz-Institut .......
The Netherlands ........................................ Delft University of Technology ........................
NAM Environmental Research .......................
TNO ............................................. UNEP. Working Group on Sustainable Product Development
Nonvav ................................................
Erasmus University .................................
STIMULAR Consulting ..............................
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.. 8 Institute for Pollution Prevention. Oesvold Research Foundation ........ 8 The National Institute of Technology ................................ 8 Norwegian Pollution Control Authority ............................. 8
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Sweden .................................................................. 8 Linkbping University ............................................ 8 LundUniversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Scania Vitalis AB .............................................. 9
InternationaVMultinational ........................................... 9 ........................... 9
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 United Nations Environment Programme
Others ............................................................ IO Technical University of Graz. Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 VIT, Finland ................................................. 10 Innovation Centers ............................................ 10
SELECTED RESULTS ................................................... 11
Seleeted Publications ............................................... 11
Databases ......................................................... 12
Programs and Initiatives ............................................ 13
World WideWebSites .............................................. 14
CONCLUSIONS ......................................................... 16
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The researchers of this project would like to extend a special thanks to all the established contacts. Each offered openly their time, information, and hospitality to the traveling delegation. Without their cooperation and interest, this project and its accomplishments could not have been possible. Chris Mitchelle must also be acknowledged for his work assembling the database of technical information gathered during the project.
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DOMESTIC DIFFUSION OF INTERNATIONAL POLLUTION PREVENTION OPPORTUNITIES
Pollution prevention has been an effective tool in the U.S. to protect human health and the environment, reduce or eliminate the use of toxic chemicals, and increase industrial efficiency by reducing or eliminating the generation of wastes at the source. Many countries in the European Community have made similar strides in developing initiatives, products, and processes which prevent pollution in various stages of manufacturing/production. The existence of many of these pollution prevention technologies, however, is not known within U.S. businesses, industries, or technical assistance programs, and the information is not readily available. This project, “The Domestic Diffusion of International Pollution Prevention Opportunities,” was designed to improve technology diffusion nationally and internationally through cataloguing and disseminating information on pollution prevention technologies, cleaner production initiatives, and cleaner products worldwide.
INTRODUCTION
The Environmental Technology Initiative @TI) was an integral part of the Clinton Administration’s broad new technology policy. It assigned the federal government a catalytic role in promoting the development of new technologies across a range of sectors including cleaner industrial technologies that prevent pollution. Of the six ETI topical areas developed to support the strategies of the initiative, two were addressed by this project: 1) Innovative Capacity - strengthen the capacity of technology developers and users to succeed in environmental innovation; and 2) Domestic Diffusion - accelerate the diffusion of innovative technologies at home.
University of Tennessee Center for Clean Products (Center), and various European organizations, the goals and objective of this project were achieved. US. delegations met and exchanged pollution prevention experiences with European researchers, government agency representatives, and university s&. Information covering pollution prevention technologies developed and established internationally @ut not yet in the US.) was collected and catalogued. This information is now included in the pollution prevention database maintained by the Waste Reduction Resource Center (WRRC) and is available to all U.S. businesses, industries, and fededstate agencies. The knowledge gained from this information should free U.S. research dollars and allow its reinvestment to accelerate development beyond established technologies. The sharing and dissemination of information serves to guide U S . industries towards the next step in cleaner production, thus strengthening the U.S. leadership in pollution prevention.
Through the cooperative efforts of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), the
Project Goals
The primary goal of the project was to collaborate with pollution prevention researchers internationally to collect and disseminate information on pollution prevention
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technologies, cleaner production initiatives, and cleaner products worldwide. All information made available to the project researchers was collected and analyzed. To focus information collection efforts, three information focus groups were designated. Waste reduction technologies and products with direct andlor indirect application to the Common Sense Initiative (CSI) industries: computers and electronics; metal finishing; petroleum refining; printing; and iron and steel, were identified as one focus level group within the project. To further focus information collection efforts, a survey of US. industry needs (discussed below) established the second focus level group. The third and final focus level information ,grouping represents the remaining information gathered by the study; the information in this group does not directly apply to the CSI industries or identified industry needs but represents significant opportunities for pollution prevention in other industry sectors.
To maintain and control the quality of this information, only published andor demonstrated technologies, products, and practices will be included in the distributed information. Enough information will be gathered for each of the technologies, products, and practices to ensure that U.S. industries, researchers, and agencies can either implement the ideas directly, or contact relevant European contacts for M e r information.
A secondary, yet supporting goal of the project was the establishment of an international network of researchers and technical assistance practitioners. With the intemational initiatives of the National Pollution Prevention Roundtable (NPPR) and similar initiatives in Europe and Asia, it is hoped that communication within this network can be maintained beyond the life-time of the project. The maintenance of such international communication will ensure the continued transfer of pollution prevention and cleaner production information between organizations which need it as well as generate it.
Project Scope
Contacts and Travel
the field of pollution prevention, a variety of means were employed. From previous research efforts, the Center had established and maintained professional relationships with many international researchers. These contacts served as the nucleus of the network of intemational contacts for this project. Countries known for their accomplishments in pollution prevention and cleaner production were also targeted; primary among these were Denmark, Germany, and the Netherlands. With this information, word-of-mouth and Intemet searches established a list of 21 contacts in five different European countries: Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden. In addition to these contacts, two internatiodmultinational organizations were also included in the established contacts.
U.S. delegations traveled to Europe to meet with these established contacts and exchange information. Two separate trips were scheduled; each was approximately two weeks in duration. This time allowed the traveling delegation to meet with the established contacts, as well as the fleedom and flexibility to expand the schedule and meet with contacts identified during travel. The first trip was completed by a delegation of two Center staff and one TVA employee. Universities, federal and international research organizations, government agencies and private-sector firms were contacted in the countries of the Netherlands, Germany, and France. The second trip, completed by a single Center staffer,
To identify and establish contact with international researchers and practitioners in
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was scheduled in conjunction with the Third European Roundtable for Cleaner Production (ERCP) in Kalundborg, Denmark (November, 1996). The Scandinavian countries of Denmark, Norway and Sweden were visited following attendance at the Roundtable. Representatives from government agencies and universities were also the contacts of focus for this second trip.
Needs Survey
mechanism to prioritize the pollution prevention information gathered during the project. The survey was coordinated and conducted by the Technology and Research Workgroup of the NPPR in October 1995. Distributed to all NPPR members (primarily pollution prevention technical assistance organizations, in addition to some industry representatives and non-government organizations), the survey focussed on information and research needs perceived by industry and those organizations assisting them. Though the results of the survey did not reveal common needs within U.S. industries, the survey did serve to identify industry sectors on which this project could focus. The industry sectors identified by the survey are included in Appendix A. Also included are some general descriptions of the information and research needs identified by survey respondents.
were able to suggest currently available sources of information to address many of the needs identified by the survey. This indicates that even within the boundaries of the US., dissemination of information can and must be improved. The NPPR and ERCP are each addressing this need.
As presented above, a survey of industry needs established the second screening
It is interesting to note that members of the Technology and Research Workgroup
Information Exchange and Dissemination
disseminate information on pollution prevention initiatives and accomplishments. The WRRC, located in Raleigh, North Carolina, manages such a database for the southeast region of the U.S. The database, referred to as RLIBY, contains bibliographic information and an abstract for reports, journal articles, EPA documents, etc., which represent accomplishment in the field of pollution prevention. RLIBY is continually updated by the WRRC and is available on disc or through the World Wide Web 0. The information gathered as a result of this project is now available from this database.
Selected results of the project were also disseminated at annual conferences held by the NPPR. Interim project results were presented in the International P2 session of the Roundtable’s 1996 Spring conhence in Washington, DC; the final results of the project were presented as a poster at the 1997 Spring conference in Denver, Colorado.
In the U.S. there are a number of databases which were established to manage and
ESTABLISHED NETWORK
As previously stated, 23 contacts in five different countries were established within the context of this project. A description of each organization for which contacts were made is presented below. Full contact information (names, addresses, phone and fax numbers) is presented in Appendix B.
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Denmark
Copenhagen Capaciq Copenhagen Capacity is a business foundation established to strengthen the position
of Greater Copenhagen as an attractive location for foreign companies. The main task of the foundation is to provide services and information to foreign investors. Complimentary services offered by Copenhagen Capacity include the following: comprehensive information about general and specific locations; advice and analysis in the exploratory phase; programmes for visits in the region and assistance during the visit; coordination with and contact to cooperating partners, local authorities, real estate agents and the like; and support during and after establishment in the region. Contact: Ms. Mette Reebirk
Copenhagen County Council
of Copenhagen suburban area. The Council is responsible for, amongst other activities, public hospitals, cultural promotion, infrastructure, nature conservancy, and environmental control. The Environmental Department is principally concerned with the remediation of soil contamination and the regulation of heavily polluting industry.
Since 1984 the Copenhagen County Council has developed a new approach to cooperation with industry on environmental improvement. The CHARTA project has redefined regulation of industry from “command and control” towards a support of industry’s own efforts to manage its environmental impact. This new form of regulation can only be applied to companies that can document “positive environmental behavior” and the CHARTA project has also attempted to define the criteria for this documentation. CHARTA principles have now been applied to a number of licences and will be further developed in the coming years. Contact: Mr. Jess Jessen and Mr. John Farr
Danish Environmental Protection Agency
to prevent and combat pollution to water, soil, and air in Denmark. The Agency regulates the environmental performance of industry, including air, noise, and odor nuisances and the discharge of wastewater. In addition, the Agency continually informs counties, municipalities, and industries about present and future environmental standards with which enterprises must comply. Various areas in which the Agency plays a role include: regulating chemicals and pesticides; waste and recycling policies; promoting environmentally sound technology; approving biotechnology experiments; reducing emissions to water, air, and soil; reducing the environmental impact of transport; and intemational cooperation. Contact: Ms. Mariane Hounum
Copenhagen County Council (Krabenhavns Amt) is the regional authority for the City
The Danish Environmental Protection Agency administers environmental legislation
Danish Technical Institute International
with a unique area of focus. These departments include: Building Technology; Computer Technology; Industrial Technology; Human Resource Development; Chemistry; Food Technology; Engine and Vehicle Technology; Industrial Metallurgy; Automation; Industrial Management; Surface Coatings Technology; Biotechnology; Environmental Technology;
The Danish Technical Institute (DTI) is comprised of iwenty-one departments, each
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Energy Technology; Business Management; Acoustics; Wood and Furniture; Danish Innovation Centre; Plastics Technology; Danish Technological Institute, Funen; and Materials Testing. Consulting is DTI’s major activity. To function as an effective link between research and its application, the Institute conducts joint result-oriented research and development work with interested companies. The Institute also helps ensure that the results of international research become known in Denmark, and that they are evaluated and adapted to meet the needs of Danish industry. An extension of this result-oriented research is the DTI International initiative. Institute expertise is being applied to interested researchers and government authorities in developing countries to promote the use of cleaner products and production internationally. Contact: Mr. John Kryger
Sophus Berenhen A/S Sophus Berendsen is an international group with operations in all significant
economies. These activities focus on specialized services and the sale and distribution of mechanical and electronic components and equipment. The responsibilities of the contact include assessing the life-cycle environmental attributes of these services and products. Mr Christiansen is also an active member of the Danish PREPARE initiative. Contact: Mr. Kim Christiansen
Stors@0ms Amt, Department of Environment and Energy Storstrms County is the southeastem-most county in Denmark. S tors t rm Amt is
the county regulatory authority responsible for carrying out the regulations establishedimposed by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency. The Department of Environment office has the following main tasks: control groundwater quality; control water quality (streams, lakes and sea); inspect and control wastewater discharges; control air emissions; model work (including mass balances and hydrology); handle contaminated soils; regulate raw materials; regulate heavy polluters; and demonstrate the connections between energy and the environment. Contact: Ms. Stina Teilmann-Ibsen
Germany
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, Wilhelm-Klauditz-Institut Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft is Germany’s leading organization of applied research. In
maintains 46 research establishments at 3 1 locations in Germany; there is also the newly established Fraunhofer Resource Center in Boston, Massachusetts. Research conducted by the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft focuses on the following fields of application: materials technology; production technology; information and communication technology; sensor technology, testing, and measurement equipment; process engineering; energy and construction technology; and technical and economic studies (information transfer). The U.S. delegation traveling to Germany had the opportunity to visit the Wilhelm-Klauditz- Institut, a Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft institute focused upon wood and forest product research. At the same location, the delegation also had the opportunity to visit the newly established Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films. Contact: Mr. Mark0 Becker
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Umweltbundesamt
scientific basis for federal environmental policy, along side the Federal Agencies for Radiation Protection and Nature Conservation. FEA activities and responsibilities are divided between five subject areas: 1) Environmental Planning and Strategies; 2) Environmental Quality and Needs; 3) Sustainable Technology (Processes and Products); 4) Substance Evaluation; and 5) Institute for Water, Soil, and Air Hygiene. Within the Sustainable Technology subject area, a life-cycle perspective is applied to analyze the various environmental burdens on the environment resulting fiom the extraction of raw materials, manufacturing, consumption, and disposal, as well as energy production, use and conservation. Criteria for product life-cycle assessment are also being developed in this subject area as an aid towards achieving sustainable development. Contact: Mr. Harald Neitzel
Umweltbudesamt, or the German Federal Environmental Agency (TEA), provides the
The Netherlands
Dew University of Technology
technology in the Netherlands. It consists of fifeen disciplines, among them is the discipline of Industrial Design Engineering. Here students are educated as industrial design engineers (masters-level) on a wide variety of subjects, from product design and design methods to the environmental aspects of product development. The department is also responsible for the quarterly Green Product Design, a newsletter presenting various initiatives in environmental product development, and IDEMAT, a computer database for designers. Contact: Prof. Dr. Han Brezet
Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) is the largest and oldest university of
Erasmus University The Erasmus Centre for Environmental Studies (ECES) was founded in 1984.
Empirical research is done within industries and their surroundings of stakeholders as, among others, competitors, governmental regulatory organizations, environmental movements and consumers. The core of the ECES research is a multi-disciplinary approach of societal aspects of environmental problems. The diffusion and adoption of innovations, beneficial for the environment, are focal points in the research questions. The research aims at the relationship between the application of technology on the one side and societal conditions under which technology can be applied on the other. Contacts: Prof. Dr. Donald Huisingh and Prof. Dr. Leo Baas
NAM Environmental Research IVAM Environmental Research is the environmental research, training, and
consultancy fum of the University of Amsterdam. It is specialized in interdisciplinary environmental research and provides practical environmental advice and training courses by order of govemment authorities, companies and various intemational as well as non- govemment organizations.
of materials and energy.’ Key concepts are: cleaner production; waste and emission IVAM Environmental Research~is involved in research in the field of ‘sustainable use.
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prevention; integrated chain management; environmentally oriented product development (Eco Design); efficient use of energy and materials; introduction of renewable energy sources; company environmental management; and sustainable building. Development and practical application of innovative methods and techniques is an essential activity of IVAM. Contacts: Ir. Rene van Berkel and Ir. Jaap Kortman
STIMULAR Consulting
Innovationpromotion Rotterdam (PIR), the Innovation Department of the Ministry of Economic Affiirs, and the E r a “ Study Centre for Environmental Studies. STIMuLAR’s first aim is to work towards minimal emissions in the production process, by reducing the generation of wastes in small and medium-sized enterprises. The second aim is to bridge the gap between research that is carried out at university departments and the technology and production methods that are actually implemented in the small and medium-sized enterprises in the Rotterdam area.
As a consulting firm, STIMULAR develops and demonstrates process, product, and management alternatives to address the specific needs of their clientele. Acting as an outlet for technical information, STIMULAR does not recommend the ‘best’ altemative available to a client. Rather, they present technical and economic data for a variety of choices and allow the client to select the most appropriate option according to their internal needs. STIMULAR will then assist in the implementation of the selected alternative, if the client so desires. Contacts: MI. Adriaan B. van Engelen and Mr. Henri F.J.M. Veroude
STIMULAR is a cooperation between the Department of Project
TNO
Europe’s leading contract research organizations. The Organization provides the essential link between basic research and application in business and society. TNO’s expertise is focused on finding solutions to problems, using technological innovation to enable its clients around the world to benefit from increased competitive power. There are 14 TNO Institutes in the Netherlands, each focused on a particular aspect of industry and business. Metals, Plastics and Rubber, Nutrition and Food, and Electronics represent only a few foci of these institutes. The U.S. delegation met with representatives from the “ 0 Institute of Environmental Science, Energy Research and Process Innovation. Contact: Dr. J. Quackernaat and Mr. The0 Logtenberg
TNO, the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, is one of
UNEP, Working Group on Sustainable Product Development
Product Development (WG-SPD) was established in early 1994 in response to Agenda 21 of the UNCED Rio de Janeiro Conference. Agenda 21 called for changes in production and consumption patterns towards a sustainable future. In support of this, the main activities of the UNEP-WG-SPD involve the ‘Research Programme’ and the ‘Network Programme.’ The Research Programme focuses on concepts and designs: 1) that contribute to sustainable consumer products, services and systems; 2) that meet areas of human need; and 3) which can lead to an improvement in living and working conditions. The Network Programme has developed an International Network of more than 600 experts from organizations worldwide
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Working Group on Sustainable
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in the area of Sustainable Product Development. This membership number changes as the network matures. Contact: Dr. J. C. van Weenen
Norway
Institute for Pollution Prevention, Oesfold Research Foundation
promoting growth, effective use of resources and a sustainable environment through the use of applied research and by sharing its wealth of knowledge. The Foundation’s research is directed towards: 1) the clarification of the need for development within the public and private sectors; and 2) the development and testing of practical solutions based upon new knowledge. The Institute of Pollution Prevention is one of five areas of expertise at the Foundation. Its foci are cleaner technology and the development of sustainable products. Contact: Mr. Audun Amundsen
Oestfold Research Foundation contributes to the development of the community,
The National Institute of Technology The National Institute of Technology (TI) is an independent foundation in Norway
with ten different offices located worldwide. TI’S primary goal is to strengthen Norwegian industry by playing a leading part in the transfer of technology and expertise to small and medium-sized businesses. TI’S strategy is to gather nav technology and expertise through its international and national networks and transfer it to enterprises where it can be put into practice. Staff is trained in areas such as production technology, environmental and safety technology, corporate development and internationalization. Services of TI include: advisory and development services; measurement and certification services; and national technology dissemination programmes and training. Contact: Mr. Jostein Myrberg
Norwegian Pollution Control Authorily
to combat pollution, noise and waste, and to regulate the use of environmentally hazardous substances and products. These tasks fall within seven activity areas of SFT. These seven activities are as follows: climate change and depletion of the ozone layer; long-range air pollution; sustainable towns and built-up areas; nutrient enrichment and discharges of organic substances; health and environmentally hazardous substances; oil and chemical pollution; and waste and recycling. These activities are then divided and shared between seven departments. These departments are as follows: Industry; Pollution Control; Oil Pollution Control; Municipal aad Agricultural Affair% Transport and Energy; Chemicals and Hazardous Wastes; and Organizational and Economic mrs. Contact: Ms. Kari Kjmigsen
The primary responsibilities of the Norwegian Pollution Control Authority (SFT) are
Sweden
Linkdping University
(IFM) at Lingkoping University in Sweden has been in operation for slightly more than two decades. It has expanded substantially during that time; most of the expansion has taken place in the area of research with support from councils like the Swedish National Board for
The Department of Physics and Measurement Technology, Biology and Chemistry
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Industrial and Technical Development (NUTEK). The department gives courses for the engineering program on different aspects of how industry can work with environmental issues, including life-cycle assessment concepts and methodologies, and product design. Contact: Prof. Dr. Leif Thuresson
Lund Universiv The Intemational Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics at Lund
University works to address environmental problems before they arise. The mission of the Institute is to contribute to the international advancement of sustainable development by conducting research at the forefront of issues pertaining to cleaner production, and to train present and fiture policy- and decision-makers within all sectors of society in the formulation and implementation of preventive environmental strategies. Applied research projects dominate the research portfolio of the Institute. Also, the Institute has been active both within Sweden and internationally in assisting in policy formulation to promote Cleaner Production. Individual projects often concentrate on the understanding and further development of policies, strategies, and instruments used to promote preventive approaches to environmental problems. Intemational organizations that have enlisted the Institute’s assistance include: OECD, UNEP, UNIDO, and the European Commission. Contact: Prof. Dr. Thomas Lindhqvist
Scania Vitalis AB
supply of products and methods that conform in every respect to ecological requirements. The firm’s product line includes microbial cultures in various forms (e.g., soil matrix or aqueous solution). These products can be used to ensure cleaner production and thereby purer and cleaner products from the agrarian sector. They can also be used for in-situ cleaning and decontaminating of contaminated soils. Only raw materials from natural sources are used. Several of the products are also used by semi-manufacturing in other finshed products. Contact: Mr. Janeric Engstrom
Scania Vitalis AB is a Swedish company engaged in the development, production and
InternationaUMultinational
United Nations Environment Programme The mandate which the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) follows is
to provide leadership and encourage partnership in caring for the environment by inspiring, informing, and enabling nations and peoples to improve their quality of life without compromising that of hture generations. UNEP came into being in 1972 after the Stockholm Conference. At that time, its purpose was to raise environmenlal awareness and action at all levels of society worldwide. In 1992, UNEP’s goals changed to reflect and support Agenda 21, the ambitious plan of action developed by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Five major programme elements have been implemented 1) Sustainable Management and Use of Natural Resources; 2) Sustainable Production and Consumption; 3) A Better Environment for Human Health and Well-Being; 4) Globalization and the Environment; and 5) Global and Regional Servicing and Support. The U.S. delegation had the opportunity to visit with representatives
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from a number of divisions, including: Environmental Information Networlang; Intemational Environmental Technology Center; Industry and the Environment; and OzonAction.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), based in
Paris, France, is a unique forum permitting govemments of the industrialized democracies to study and formulate the best policies possible in all economic and social spheres. Its sole function is to direct cooperation among the govemments of its Member countries. By focusing the expertise of various OECD Directorates and of various Member govemment departments on specific issues, the OECD approach benefits in particular from a multi disciplinary dimension. Through globalization of the world economy, national borders are, in part, losing their economic meaning. The policies of individual countries are more and more affected and constrained by the interaction of domestic policies of one nation on those of another (i.e., international interdependence). The OECD offers a forum for its members to discuss and study such development and to develop collaborative and co-operative approaches to the management of their economies.
Others Scheduling conflicts, time availability, and budge- constraints prevented the U.S.
delegation from meeting all individuals identified by this project. Though personal contact was not possible, extensive phone conversations, and correspondence by fax established a working relationship with many of these contacts in which information could be exchanged. These “other” contacts are presented below.
Technical University of Graz, Austria
of Environmental Affairs, has been documenting Best Available Technologies (BAT) for the past two years. The study is not limited to specific industry sectors, nor to the country of Austria; information is being gathered h m countries throughout Europe on BAT for any industry sector. The intent of the study is to establish BAT-documentation that can be used by companies, consultants, and authorities. Contact: Dr. Hans Schnitzer
VTI, Finland The research on environmental technology at VTT Chemical Technology is focused
on: emission reduction by developing combustion and control technology; clean processes and utilizing waste materials; safe disposal of nuclear waste by using water-chemical modeling; and improvement of indoor air quality by developing new building and interior materials. Some projects and applications include controlling hazardous materials flows at power plants, closed chemical cycles in the pulp industry, and a pilot plant for testing and developing VOC and odor emission purification equipment. Contact: Allan Johansson
Innovation Centres
small and medium-sized enterprises in the field of technologicaI improvements for products
The Technical University of Graz, Austria, with support from the Austrian Ministry
The Dutch Innovation Centres, established in 1988, operate as contact points for
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and production processes. To facilitate their task, the Centres are located close to concentrations of companies; a total of 18 Centres currently operate in the Netherlands. Together they form a national network for information exchange, with a central office for facilities in The Hague. The Innovation Centres don’t produce any knowledge themselves, but they promote the dissemination of knowledge via their contacts with both knowledge- suppliers and firms. Most notable among the initiatives of the Innovation Centres are the Cleaner Production Programme (1992-1 995) and the EcoDesign Project (1995-present) for small and medium-sized enterprises.
SELECTEDRESULTS
Selected Publications
The PREMISE Manual PREMISE stands for PReventive Environmental Management In Small Enterprises.
The PREMISE Manual consists of an introduction to environmental management in small companies, followed by five chapters describing the implementation steps of the PREMISE STAR. The PREMISE STAR is a five-pronged star, the points of which represent the five steps to implementing an environmental project: 1) Start the Process; 2) Identify Environmental Aspects; 3) Make Projects; 4) Monitor, Document, and Audit; and 5) Integrate into Management. Each chapter combines general guidelines with examples from companies, practical checklists, and diagrams to adapt and implement. Each step contributes to a resulting integrated environmental management system which utilizes and integrates existing information systems within the company. Source: The PREMISE Manual, European Commission, 1996. Key words: PREMISE, environmental management.
Reducing Toxic Wastes in Electronic Manufacturing The manufacture of printed wiring boards (PWB) traditionally involved the
electrodeposition of a tidlead alloy onto the copper circuit of the PWB. This alloy coating protected the copper circuit during the etching process. The tidead electroplating bath contained 30 percent toxic lead metal and fluoroborate-based waste which were difficult to treat.
sulphate-based plating. This eliminated lead and fluoroborate from the wastewater which was therefore easier to treat. The new technology was developed by the manufacturers of electroplating chemicals, and implemented by an electronics manufacturer in Hong Kong. The new process has been operating for more than two years, and there are no adverse effects on the product quality. The advantages are as follows: 1) lead and fluoroborate are eliminated from the wastewater; 2) wastewater treatment is simplified; 3) the costs of wastewater treatment are reduced; 4) initial investment is low; and 5) direct substitution of tidlead plate with pure tin plate does not affect other manufacturing processes. Source: Cleaner Production in the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Region, UNEP, 1994. Key words: cleaner production, printed wiring boards, wastewater.
A new process was introduced, in which pure tin was used as the coating with
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Survey oflnformaiion Systems Related io Environmentally Sound Technologies This publication presents the results of a multi-national survey of sources of
information on environmentally sound technologies. Initiated by UNEP, the report was designed to address the lack of access to information on available technologies as a barrier to the transfer of environmentally sound technologies, especially to developing countries and countries with economies in transition. Source: United Nations Environmental Programme, 1996. Key words: information systems, cleaner production, renewable energy, environmentally sound technology.
P R I M : A Duich Initiative for Emironmenial Improvement of Retail Assortmenis
PRIMA project (project for the introduction of ecologically sound assortments in the retail trade). PRIMA is a research and demonstration project aimed at environmental improvement of retail assortments. Explanatory practical experiments in cooperation with three multiple- store retail companies are the core of PRIMA. These practical experiments have been used for the development of a generalized working methodology for retail companies. Furthermore, an initial assessment has been made of the opportunities and constraints for mediation by retailers between demand and supply of environmentally improved products. Source: Selected Cleaner Production Papers of IVAM Environmental Research, 1995. Key words: retail trade, environmental improvement, the Netherlands, PRIMA.
Iniroduction to Cleaner Production Assessmenis with Applicatiom in the Food Processing Industry
A cleaner production assessment aims at the identification, evaluation and implementation of cleaner production opportunities in a company. A systematic working method, which facilitates the execution of a cleaner production assessment, generally consists of three separate, interrelated options: method; procedure; and guidance and supervision. In addition to introducing these elements and their applications in the food processing industry, this article presents plant-level assessment results to illustrate the possible benefits of cleaner production in various food processing sectors. Source: Selected Cleaner Production Papers of IVAM Environmental Research, 1995. Key words: food processing, cleaner production assessments.
This paper summarizes the results and experiences of the first phase of the Dutch
Databases
During the project a number of databases maintained by numerous universities, agencies and research organizations were identified. Just as RLIBY maintains pollution prevention information in the U.S., these databases maintained the results of specific research projects completed in Europe and cooperating countries. Some of these databases are currently available to the public, while others are either privately owned or in the development stage of public accessibility.
Only one of the identified databases, ICPIC, is currently available to the public. ICPIC is the UNEP database of cleaner production. Including abstracts and bibliographic information, ICPIC also maintains a list of individuals that can be contacted for further information. ICPIC is available on floppy disc by contacting the UNEP office in Paris,
12
I.
France. It is hoped that in 1997 the database can be transferred to the WWW and be available to anyone with Internet access.
TNO also maintains a database of research results; this database is known as ‘DOLCA.’ The database maintains project summaries, abstracts, and reports for all completed research initiatives within TNO, not only pollution prevention and cleaner production results, but also general technology innovations. DOLCA is only accessible by TNO staff and the clients they serve.
There are two additional databases which contain a significant number of pollution prevention and cleaner production case studies and project summaries. One is maintained by the Innovation Centers of the Netherlands. Though currently accessible to only Innovation Center staff and industries of the Netherlands, efforts are being made to develop a publicly available and searchable database on the Intemet. The other database is maintained by the Norwegian Pollution Control Authority and the Institute for Pollution Prevention, Oestfold Research Foundation. There is an initiative underway which will begin to consolidate this database and develop a searchable WWW database.
public) may encourage the consolidation of this information and the development of an intemationally accessible and established database@) for pollution prevention and cleaner production information. The demand for such information, however, may not exist. Government and intemational institutions need to integrate cleaner technology initiatives with policy measures that can generate demand for this database information.’
Programs and Initiatives
Acknowledging the existence of these databases (though all are not accessible to the
There are a number of initiatives (programs) which have teamed pollution prevention and cleaner production practitioners with industry to redesign products and processes to generate less waste throughout their life cycles. Four such programs are presented below.
Cleaner Production Program
Nations Industry and Environment Programme Activity Centre. The objectives of the program are to: increase worldwide awareness of the cleaner production concept; help governments and industry develop cleaner production programs; foster the adoption of cleaner production; and facilitate the transfer of cleaner production technologies. To meet these objectives, the program focuses on the collection and dissemination of information on cleaner production. Cooperating organizations include UNCSTD, UNIDO, IMO, OECD, UNECE, and ICC/IEB.
The Cleaner Production Program is a cooperative initiative maintained by the United
PREPARWEUREKA
institutes to increase cooperation in the field of research and development of advanced The objective of EUREKA was to encourage European enterprises and research
’ Hooper, Paul D. and Tim Jenkins, ‘‘International Cleaner Technology Databases: On Line, Off Targef” Journal for Cleaner Production, Volume 3, Number 1-2, 1995.
13
technologies. EUREKA was composed of twenty member countries and took on some 600 projects.
production technologies. Topics for PREPARE workshops have included ecodesign methodologies, textiles, furniture, and electronic goods.
Within PREPARE, the objective is to organize workshops that focus on preventive
.
EcoDesign for SME‘s The EcoDesign project advises and supports the Small and Medium-sized Enterprises
(SME) in the search for the best strategies to develop products in an environmental way. Life-cycle Design Strategies can help save costs and result in a higher quality product, which is an advantage for the consumer and environment alike.
EcoDesign is executed by the Innovation Centre Network of the Netherlands, by order of the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and VROM. From its eighteen branches in the Netherlands, the ICNN maintains close relations with its target group, the SME. The ICNN consultants are specialized in the area of technological innovation. The ICNN has also gained experience with the project “Cleaner Production,” which yielded much knowledge in the area of environment, technology, and business.
World Wide Web Sites
A finite search for applicable WWW sites was conducted in conjunction with this project. Though many publications may include a more extensive list of sites, those included here either: 1) offer specific case study information for pollution prevention and cleaner products; or 2) offer general information that would assist pollution prevention practitioners develop and implement effective programs.
Web Sites Containing Case Study Information
Waste Reduction Resource Center Database (RLIBY) Access http://www.owr.ehnr.state.nc.us/wncl .htm
Energy Efficiency Best Practices Programme http://www.etsu.com/ee bpp/dbase. htm
Enviro$en$e P2 Case Studies http://es.inel.gov/techinfo/casdcase.htnd home page: http://es.inel.gov/ied
Design for the Environment (DE) Home Page http://es.inel.gov/dfe/
Pollution Prevention by Design http://w3 .pnl.gov:2080/DFE/home.html
14
Environmental Technology Best Practice Programme http://www.etsu.comlETBPP/pubindex. htm
Tri-Service Pollution Prevention Technical Library http://clean.rti.orgilany/
Illinois Waste Management and Research Center Pollution Prevention Case Studies and Fact Sheets http://www.inhs.uiuc.eduihwric/greatl/casestudies.html
EPIC DOE Pollution Prevention Information Clearinghouse http://epic.er.doe.gov/epic. htm
O W Pollution Prevention Information Source http://www.omi.gov/omlpUp2main.htm
P2 Gems Information Resources http://www.uml.edu/turi/search/infores/index. html
Pxinters’ National Environmental Assistance Center http://denrl .igis.uiuc.edu/pneac/methods.html
Web Sites Containing Guiding Principles of Pollution Prevention
The UNEP Environmentally Sound Technologies (hture site of ICPIC database) http://www.unep.or.jp/
U.S. EPA Pollution Prevention http://w.epagov/opptintr/p2home/
SAGE - Solvent Alternatives Guide http://clean.rti.org
National Pollution Prevention Center for Higher Education (academic focus) http~/m.umich.edu/-nppcpub/nppc.html
Pollution Prevention Research Projects Database http://pprc.pnl.gov/pprclrpd/rpd.html
Case Studies in P2 Booklet http://w.socmacom/cspp.html
1994 EPA Pollution Prevention Accomplishments http://iridium.nttc.edu/epappacm.html
15
CONCLUSIONS
Number of Contacts Established
Twenty-three organizations from five different countries were contacted within the context of this project. These organizations represent the breadth of possible contacts, from universities and private consulting f m s to local, regional, and national environmental protection authorities and research facilities. The countries represented by these organizations included Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden. International and multinational cooperative programs were also included amongst the contacts of this project, represented by the United Nations Environmental Programme and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
A U.S. delegation completed two separate trips to Europe, meeting personally with each established contact. These meetings served to establish an international network of pollution prevention practitioners, and a conduit through which technical information and experiences could be exchanged. This network of practitioners and exchange of information resulted in 83 separate entries into the pollution prevention and cleaner production technical database maintained for this project. Entries range from pollution prevention possibilities and best available technologies for specific industries, to manuals which assist small- and medium-sized companies to establish an effective environmental management system. These 83 database entries have been included and are now available through the Waste Reduction Resource Center and their RLIBY database. These general results of the project are presented in Table 1.
23
I Number of Countries Reoresented I 5’ I I Number of RLIBY Database Entries I 83 I
I 6 Number of Documents Translated to English I * = This figure does not include the countries represented by the two multinationaVintemationa1 organizations contacted during the project: UNEP and OECD.
This project highlighted the benefits of international cooperation in the field of pollution prevention. The innovations reported as new database entries represent not only process-oriented pollution prevention technologies but also reflect a growing trend in Westem Europe toward cleaner product design. Product-oriented pollution prevention through a focus on product design can offer an even more effective and efficient means of reducing pollution from industrial production and can further the progress toward sustainable development.
The fields of pollution prevention and cleaner production must continue to strive for a common goal, sustainable development. While large industries in the US. are making substantial strides towards this goal, European researchers and pollution prevention practitioners are showing how to address the needs of small- and medium-sized industries. “The international competitiveness of nations increasingly depends on the appropriate application of environmental technology, and the future demand in environmental techology
16
is not limited to ‘cleaning up the world.’ Pollution prevention and resource efficiency are also drivers of environmental technology development whose primary purpose is to enhance competitiveness and pursue the objectives of sustainable de~elopment.”~
’ The Global Environmental Markt and United States Environmental Industry Competitiveness, Environmental Business Inremational, Inc., 1996.
17
APPEmJXA
INFORMATION AND RESEARCH NEEDS OF INDUSTRY RESULTS OF NPPR SURVEY
TABLE A1 - INDUSTRY SECTORS IDENTIFIED IN NPPR SURVEY
Agriculture
Chemical Product Manufacturers
Cleaning
. wastewater reclamation Construction
Dry Cleaning
Electronics/Printed Circuits
N n - O f f COn@Ol
substitutes for 'problem' product components
non-solvent cleaners
minimization of construction debris
non-solvent alternatives
flux alternatives cleaning alternatives
Electroplating . non-chromium alternatives . process modifications such as recirculation processes
recycling options for fiber-reinforces plastics alternatives to reduce VOC emissions
BOD discharge controls by-product uses
Foundries and Metal Casting sand reclamation and reuse
Hospitals, Labs and Clinicshledical Products alternatives to mercury, silver, and silicone dispersions recovery equipment options for mercury and silver packaging waste alternatives
Lens Grinding collection and reuse of by-products
Machining uses and separation technologies for grinding by-products
Fiberglass and Plastics
Food Processing
Metal Finishing zero-discharge technologies
Oil and Gas Development, Refmeries various processing alternatives
Paint Contractors improved techniques for paint removal, application, and reuse
Painting and Coating (Industrial) stripping alternatives continued development of alternatives to high voc products
integrated pest control
new ink formulations (lowlno VOC)
. Pesticide Manufacturers
Printing and Photoprocessing
. ink recycIing/reuse technologies Pulp and Paper . bleaching alternatives
markets for waste pulp, bio-solids, and waste liquors
best practices for janitorial services (e.g., bulk product dispensers, non-toxic products, water use control)
Retail and Wholesale
Textiles . dye technology alternatives
Utilities
Vehicle Maintenance and Auto Body
water reduction and reuse
various technology alternatives
parts cleaning alternatives improved surface prep/pretreatment for p i n t efticimcies part alternatives (e.g., copper brake-pads, refrigerants, etc.)
Wood Preserving, Finishing, and Refwishing . less-toxic alternatives to preservation, finishing and refmishing
AI
.
APPENDIX B
COMPLETE INFORMATION FOR INTERNATIONAL NETWORK OF POLLUTION PREVENTION PRACTITIONERS
Austria
Dr. Hans Schnitzer Graz University of Technology A-8010 Graz Inffeldgasse 25 Tel.: +43 316 87317461 Fax: 17469 E-mail: [email protected]
Denmark
Mr. Jess Jessen and Mr. John Farr Knbenhavns Amt Copenhagen County Stationsparken 27 DK-2600 Glostrup Phone: +45 4322 2829 Fax: +45 4322 2899
Ms. Stina Teilmann-Ibsen Storstrms Amt Department of Environment Parkvej 37 DK-4800 Nykobing F Phone: +45 54 82 32 32 Fax: +45 54 82 21 71
Mr. John Kryger Danish Technical Institute DTI Intemational Gregersensvej P.O. Box 141 DK-2630 Taastrup Phone: +45 43 SO 43 SO Fax: +45 43 50 70 50
Finland
Dr, Allan Johsnsson VTT Chemical Technology PO Box 160 1, FIN42044 V'IT Phone: +358 0 456 6594 Fax: 358 9 456 7043
Mr. Kim Christiansen Sophus Berendsen A I S Klausdalsbrovej 1 DK-2860 Snborg Phone: +45 39 69 85 00 Fax: +45 39 69 73 00
Ms. Mariane Hounum Danish Environmental Protection Agency Sb-andgade 29 DK-1401 Copenhagen K Phone: +45 32 66 01 00 Telex: 31209 miljoe dk Fax: i45 32 66 04 79
Ms. Mette Reebirk Copenhagen Capacity Kongens NFON 6 DK-1050 Copenhagen K Phone: +45 33 33 03 33 Fax: +45 33 33 73 33 E-mail: [email protected]
Germany
Mr. Marko Becker Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Bienroder Weg 54E D-38108 Braunschweig Phone: +49 53 1 2 155 452 Fax: +49 531 35 I5 87
The Netherlands
Wilhelm-Klauditz-lnstitut
Prof. Dr. Han Brezet Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering Delft University of Technology Jaffalaan 9 2628 BX Delft Phone: +3 1 15 2782 120 Fax:+31 15 2782956 E-mail: [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Leo Baas Erasmus Centre for Environmental Studies P.O. Box 1738 Burgemeester Oudlaan 50 3000 DR Rotterdam Phone: +31 10 408 2381/408 2050 Fax: +31 IO 2120834 E-mail: [email protected]
Ir. Rene van Berkel and Ir. Jaap Kortman Depamnent of Product and Process Studies IVAM Environmental Research Plantage Muidergracht 14 P.O. Box 18180 1001 ZB Amsterdam Phone: +31 (0)20 525 50 80/59 18 Fax: +3 1 (0)20 525 58 50 E-mail: [email protected]
Dr. J.C. van Weenen UNEP, Working Group on Sustainable Product
International Centre, University of Amsterdam 3rd. Floor, J.H. van’t Hoff Instrtute Building ‘B’ Nieuwe Achtergracht 166 1018 WV Amsterdam Phone: +3 1 (0)20 525 6268 I6237 Fax: +3 1 (0)20 625 8843 E-mail: [email protected]
Development
Mr. Harald Neitzel Umweltbundesamt Postfach 330022 14191 Berlin Phone: +49 030 23 14 57 03 Fax: +49 030 2 3 1 56 38
Dr. J. Quakemaat and The0 Logtenberg TNO, Netherlands Organization for Applied
Scientific Research Laan van Westenenk 501 P.O. Box 342 7300 AH Apeldoonn Phone: +3 1 55 549 39 26 Fax: +3 1 55 549 32 87
Prof. Dr. Donald Huisingh Huisingh Environmental Consultants, Inc. and
Erasmus Centre for Environmental Studies Oxfordlaan 25 23 14 EA Leiden Phone: +31 71 541 72 58 Fax:+31715417423
Ir. Adriaan B. Van Engelen and Ir. Henri F.J.M. Veroude
STIMULAR Consulting Industrieweg 161 Postbus 1 I180 3004 ED Rotterdam Phone: +3 1 (0)lO 262 04 24 Fax: +31 (0)lO 437 93 03
B2
Noway
Audun Amundsen Institute for Pollution Prevention Oestfold Research Foundation P.O. Box 276 N-1601 Fredrikstad Phone:+4769351122 Fax: +47 69 34 24 94 E-mail: [email protected]
Mr. Jostein Myrberg National Institute of Technology Dept. of Environmental Technology Akersveien 24 C P.O. Box 2608 St. Hanshaugen N-0131 Oslo Phone: +47 22 86 50 00 Fax: +47 22 20 18 01
Sweden
Prof. Dr. Thomas Lindhqvist The Intemational Institute for Industrial
Environmental Economics P.O. Box 196 S-221 00Lund Phone: +46 46 222 02 39 Fax: +46 46 222 02 30
Prof. Dr. Leif Thuressen Linkoping University S-581 83 Linkoping Phone: +46 13 28 12 63 Fax: +46 13 1225 87
International/Multinational
United Nations Environmental Program Tour Mhbea r - 39-43 Quai Andre Citroen 75739 Paris Cedex 15 France Phone: +33 (1) 44 37 1450 Fax: +33 (1) 44 37 1474
Kari Kjonigsen Norwegian Pollution Control Authority P.O. Box 8100 Dep
Phone: +47 22 57 35 01 Fax: +47 22 67 67 06 E-maik kari.kjonigsen@sftospost
N-0032 Oslo
Janeric Engsnom Scania Vitalis AB Box 145 03 S-200 24 Malmo Phone: +46 40 49 09 34 Fax: +46 40 49 I3 68
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
2, rue Andre Pascal F-75775 Paris Cedex 16 France Phone: (33-1) 45 24 82 00 Fax: (33-1) 49 10 42 76
B3
Development of Computerized Data Bases for Industry of International Established Green Products #I 028; EPA Grant #DW-64-94-5696-01; TVA#TW98564V
Final Quarterly Report - March 12, 1997
Project Manager
Steve Hillenbrand, Tennessee Valley Authority Economic Development 400 West Summit Hill Drive, VvTl lA-K; Knoxville, TN 37902-1499 423-632-8489; 423-632-361 6 (fax); [email protected] (e-mail)
Partners
Tennessee Valley Authority in-kind funding: $40,000
University of Tennessee - Center for Clean Products in-kind funding : $ 2,500
Environmental Problems Being Addressed (key words italicized)
The project transfers f 2 or source reduction information gathered from Europe to interested parties in this country. This is done by visiting the key spots of industrialized P2 in Europe, soliciting P2 information, translating it (if needed), putting it in frocite database format, and providing it to the Waste Reduction Resource Cenfer(WRRC) in Raleigh, NC. The WRRC makes it available to anyone in EPA Regions 111 or IV and, through its Internet site and links to ENVIROSENSE, anyone in the country.
ET1 Funds Recipients
Tennessee Valley Authority
University of Tennessee - Center for Clean Products
ET1 funding: $10,000
ET1 funding : $47,500
Project Description and Activities
Task 1 - Survey Customer Needs: Industry, federal, and state P2 programs are identified as the customers. A variety of these customers will be asked informally what areas of technology and source reduction is most needed. To be
1970312a.doc
c
completed within the first 5 months. Complete : No specific area or areas of need was identified in discussions with industry consultants, state P2 programs,' and National P2 Roundfable participants.
Task 2 - Information and Quality: The format and minimum quality required for facile compilation and dissemination must be decided. To be completed by month 7 of the project. Complete: The format for the database chosen was Procite. Procite is the database administrator used by the WRRC and is thus familiar to the many organizations that use the WRRC's clearinghouse services. By potting the information in the WRRC, it is available across the nation through the toll-free line at the WRRC and through the lntemet at the lowest cost.
Task 3 - European Trips: Two trips were planned to Europe to collect P2 information. The first was to Holland, Germany, and France. The second trip was to Scandinavia in time to coincide with the P2 European Roundtable there November 1 - 4,1996). At least one Waste Reduction expert from TVA and one Clean Products expert from UT was scheduled to go on each trip. Originally scheduled to be complete by April 1996 but the Roundtable was held in November so this was complete by November, 1996. Complete. The first trip was taken the last week of February through the first week of March 7996. I t was deemed not necessary to send representatives from both UT and TVA on the second trip. Therefore only the UT researcher went. The second trip was taken the first part of November.
Task 4 - Compttation of information and Database Configuration: The information collected in Europe will be assessed as to its potential efficacy and the selected information will be sent to the WRRC in the proper Procite format. Publications and information in English will be sent straight to the WRRC. Those in other languages will be abstracted for review. Twelve English publications were gathered from the first trip were forwarded to the WRRC. Compilation of information during the second trip is complete. Those chosen will be translated and sent to the WRRC. Complete. All English language publications have been sent to the WRC.
Task 5 - Demonstration and Workshop Information Transfer: in addition to the WRRC connection, the information collected and data from the final report will be disseminated through various seminars, workshops, and conferences. There is no deadline or set quantity or workshops planned. These will be done as opportunities present themselves or on request. Complete. Dean Menke of UT presented the progress achieved to date at the National P2 Roundtable in Washington, DC in April, 1996. He also presented the project and its findings to a Erasmus University Ph.D class (12 international students and 4 from the U.S.). Follow up presentations may be presented after the end of this project.
1970312a.doc .
I ?:
Task
Next Quarter’s Events
Final invoice from W A and closure of project by EPA.
Original Schedule Current Schedule Status Complete Complete
Expected Final Results and Deliverables
All Complete
Additional Information
None.
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