French RevolutionFrench Revolution

Chapter 3Chapter 3

Section 3Section 3

Radical Days of the Radical Days of the RevolutionRevolution

VideoVideo

►Click on www.khanacademy.orgClick on www.khanacademy.org► In the search box, type in “French In the search box, type in “French

Revolution (Part 3) – Reign of Terror”Revolution (Part 3) – Reign of Terror”►Watch the videoWatch the video►Read the PowerpointRead the Powerpoint►Answer the Powerpoint/Video Answer the Powerpoint/Video

questionsquestions

Radical PhaseRadical Phase

► The French Revolution entered a frightening and The French Revolution entered a frightening and bloody phase in 1793bloody phase in 1793

► The war with Austria not going well for FranceThe war with Austria not going well for France► Some revolutionaries believed the king was Some revolutionaries believed the king was

supporting France’s enemiessupporting France’s enemies► Supporters of the monarchy wanted to restore the Supporters of the monarchy wanted to restore the

king’s power and end this revolutionking’s power and end this revolution

Radical PhaseRadical Phase

► August 10, 1792: a violent mob stormed the royal August 10, 1792: a violent mob stormed the royal palace and slaughtered guards; royal family palace and slaughtered guards; royal family escapedescaped

► In September of 1792, citizens attacked prisons In September of 1792, citizens attacked prisons that held nobles and priests accused of political that held nobles and priests accused of political offenses (“September Massacre”)offenses (“September Massacre”)

► 1200 prisoners (including ordinary criminals) were 1200 prisoners (including ordinary criminals) were executed during the executed during the September MassacreSeptember Massacre

New RightsNew Rights

► RadicalsRadicals took control of the National Assembly and re- took control of the National Assembly and re-named it the named it the National ConventionNational Convention

► National Convention wanted to extend National Convention wanted to extend SuffrageSuffrage to all male to all male citizens, not just to those who owned propertycitizens, not just to those who owned property

► The The ConventionConvention that met in September, 1792 was a more that met in September, 1792 was a more radicalradical body than earlier assemblies body than earlier assemblies

► The new The new Convention Convention voted to voted to abolish the monarchyabolish the monarchy and and establish a establish a French RepublicFrench Republic (elected representatives) (elected representatives)

► Louis XVI tried to escape, was captured, returned to Paris, Louis XVI tried to escape, was captured, returned to Paris, put on trial, and beheaded by guillotine in January, 1793 – a put on trial, and beheaded by guillotine in January, 1793 – a true traitor!true traitor!

► Queen Marie Antoinette was also guillotined in October, Queen Marie Antoinette was also guillotined in October, 1793.1793.

Queen Marie AntonietteQueen Marie Antoniette

Execution of King Louis XVIExecution of King Louis XVI

Committee of Public SafetyCommittee of Public Safety

► The The ConventionConvention (former National Assembly) (former National Assembly) created the Committee of Public Safety (CPS) to created the Committee of Public Safety (CPS) to deal with alleged “deal with alleged “enemies of the revolutionenemies of the revolution” (12 ” (12 members)members)

► CPS issued CPS issued levee en masselevee en masse, a tax that required all , a tax that required all citizens to contribute to war effortcitizens to contribute to war effort

► Maxmillien Robespierre (lawyer and politician) was Maxmillien Robespierre (lawyer and politician) was the leader of CPSthe leader of CPS

► Robespierre was chief architect of the bloody Robespierre was chief architect of the bloody Reign Reign of Terrorof Terror (Sept. 1793-July 1794) (Sept. 1793-July 1794)

Maxmillien RobespierreMaxmillien Robespierre

Reign of TerrorReign of Terror

► Sham courts conducted hasty trials Sham courts conducted hasty trials for those suspected of resisting the for those suspected of resisting the revolution’s goalsrevolution’s goals

► 17,000 people were beheaded by 17,000 people were beheaded by the guillotine during Reign of Terrorthe guillotine during Reign of Terror

► Robespierre himself was eventually Robespierre himself was eventually arrested and guillotined (July 28, arrested and guillotined (July 28, 1794)1794)

► The convention, tired of the The convention, tired of the bloodshed, turned against the CPS bloodshed, turned against the CPS and executed its radical leadersand executed its radical leaders

GuillotineGuillotine

Third Stage of RevolutionThird Stage of Revolution(In Reaction to the Terror)(In Reaction to the Terror)

► Moderate French reformers created a Constitution Moderate French reformers created a Constitution of 1795 (third since 1789)of 1795 (third since 1789)

► The The Constitution of 1795Constitution of 1795 established a five-man established a five-man Directory Directory (1795-1799) to rule France with a two-(1795-1799) to rule France with a two-house legislaturehouse legislature

► Middle class and professionals dominated this 3Middle class and professionals dominated this 3rdrd stage of the French Revolutionstage of the French Revolution

Discontent GrowsDiscontent Grows

► The Directory faced discontent among the The Directory faced discontent among the populationpopulation

► War with Austria and Great Britain continued ; War with Austria and Great Britain continued ; peace was made with Prussia and Spainpeace was made with Prussia and Spain

► Rising bread prices caused the Rising bread prices caused the sans-culottessans-culottes to riot to riot► Some Some emigres emigres threatened the power of the threatened the power of the

Directory because they favored a return of the Directory because they favored a return of the former monarchyformer monarchy

► The emigres who fled previously supported the The emigres who fled previously supported the monarchy and resented the measures taken monarchy and resented the measures taken against the Catholic Church.against the Catholic Church.

Napoleon BonaparteNapoleon Bonaparte

► Popular military leader Popular military leader Napoleon BonaparteNapoleon Bonaparte emerged as new leader of France amidst the chaosemerged as new leader of France amidst the chaos

17991799

► 10 year old French Revolution dramatically changed 10 year old French Revolution dramatically changed France—politically, socially, and economicallyFrance—politically, socially, and economically

► Dislodged the old social order (Dislodged the old social order (AncienAncien Regime Regime destroyed)destroyed)

► Monarchy overthrown with monarchs executedMonarchy overthrown with monarchs executed► Church brought under French state controlChurch brought under French state control► New symbols (red liberty caps and tricolor flag) New symbols (red liberty caps and tricolor flag)

represented liberty/equality of all male citizensrepresented liberty/equality of all male citizens

NationalismNationalism

► Nationalism Nationalism (a strong feeling of pride in and (a strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s country) spread throughout devotion to one’s country) spread throughout FranceFrance

► Revolutionaries made social reforms:Revolutionaries made social reforms: set up systems to help the poor, set up systems to help the poor, established state schools to replace religious established state schools to replace religious

ones, ones, organized systems to help the poor, old soldiers, organized systems to help the poor, old soldiers,

and war widowsand war widows abolished slavery in France’s Caribbean coloniesabolished slavery in France’s Caribbean colonies

Powerpoint QuestionsPowerpoint Questions

► 1.1. What Committee did the Convention What Committee did the Convention create?create?

► 2.2. Who was in charge of the Committee of Who was in charge of the Committee of Public Safety?Public Safety?

► 3.3. The guillotine of many people became a The guillotine of many people became a period in France known as the period in France known as the _____________._____________.

► 4.4. According to the video, what was the According to the video, what was the month of July renamed?_________________month of July renamed?_________________

► 5. How many persons were executed during 5. How many persons were executed during this bloody stage of the French Revolution?this bloody stage of the French Revolution?

Powerpoint QuestionsPowerpoint Questions

►6. What did the Constitution of 1795 6. What did the Constitution of 1795 establish? (2 points)establish? (2 points)

►7. According to the video, name the 7. According to the video, name the artillery captain in Toulon who displayed artillery captain in Toulon who displayed military leadership.military leadership.

►8. What was the tax that required all 8. What was the tax that required all citizens to contribute to the war effort?citizens to contribute to the war effort?

►9. According to the video, what did the 9. According to the video, what did the Jacobins demand in July of 1791?Jacobins demand in July of 1791?

The EndThe End