Download pdf - Ground Anchors 2010

V S L G R O U N D A N C H O R S Y S T E M S

POST-TENSIONEDGROUND ANCHORS

NAILS, BOLTS AND MICROPILES

TECHNICAL DATA

Plaq GroundAnchors:PT Brochure 15/01/10 14:18 Page1

Saving material Ground anchors are an efficient way of mobilising dead loads deep inthe ground to resist forces that would otherwise require large gravityfoundations. Uses include resisting the forces induced by wind, waterpressure or tension forces such as those of suspension cables forbridges and buildings, cable cars and the like.

Durability VSL Ground anchors comply with the most stringent internationalspecifications with regards to corrosion protection.

RemovabilityTemporary VSL Ground anchors can be made to be removable in orderto mitigate the impact on adjacent ground when they are no longerrequired.

VSL - geotechnical expertise VSL has been designing, fabricating andinstalling post-tensioned ground anchors since1957, and using bar anchors since the early1970s. VSL’s experience represents animmense wealth of engineering and practicalknow-how. Today, increased emphasis onsafety, durability, on the environment andsustainability means that engineers are facedwith the challenge of complying with morestringent requirements while meeting thegrowing demands of urban congestion andother site conditions. VSL engineers are trainedand experienced in dealing with these issuesand can assist clients in achieving theirproject requirements and goals.

VSL Ground anchor systems are in use aroundthe world, securing famous structures, largedams and retaining walls, holding downunderpasses and underground structures,stabilising wind turbine towers and preventinglandslides.

VSL AND GROUND ANCHORS

VSL – guided by a strong QSE cultureVSL’s leading position is based on a rigorousand committed quality culture. VSL’s QSE(Quality, Safety, Environment) policy representsa major focus for every service provided. Localteams ensure co-ordination of actions,encourage sharing of experience and promotebest practice, with the aim of continuouslyimproving performance. In VSL’s culture,employees are vitally important to thecompetitiveness and prosperity of thecompany. VSL is committed to maintaining thehighest levels of client satisfaction andpersonnel safety.

Changing the way we do businessFor VSL, sustainable development (SD) meansstriking a balance in its development modelbetween the economic profitability of itsbusinesses and their social and environmentalimpact. That commitment is formalised intothe VSL SD program which focuses on safety ,use of fewer scarce materials and less energyand production of less pollution and waste.

2 V S L G R O U N D A N C H O R S Y S T E M S

Caselertobel Bridge, Switzerland - 2003

CONTRIBUTING TOSUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS


V S L G R O U N D A N C H O R S Y S T E M S 3

Ground anchors, nails, rockbolts and micropiles VSL’s Anchoring systems can be divided into twomain categories – strand and bar anchors. Theircharacteristics depend on whether they aretensioned or not, used for rock or soil andwhether they are for temporary or permanent use.VSL offers a full range of ground anchorsolutions, from basic unstressed temporary barnails to the most sophisticated post-tensionedelectrically isolated strand anchors that can bemonitored.

Temporary or permanentThe type of VSL Ground anchor to be useddepends on the application, the design, thecorrosiveness of the environment, the presenceof any stray electrical currents and on thepermanent corrosion protection system required.Permanent ground anchors need comprehensivecorrosion protection measures, while temporaryanchors require limited or no protection.

VSL ANCHORS FOR ALL APPLICATIONSCompliant with internationalstandardsVSL’s Anchoring systems comply with currentnational and international standards, includingthe prevailing European Norm, ASTM, Australianand British Standards and SIA.

EuroAirport Basel MulhouseFreiburg, France - 2001

Espinho Railways Tunnel, Portugal - 2007

Almudena Church at the Royal Palace,Madrid, Spain - 2008

VSL GROUND ANCHOR SYSTEM

low capacity high capacity

< 10 m > 10 m

local ground regional groundinstability instability

act more as“reinforcement”

unstressed rock bolts, prestressedsoil nails, micropiles anchors

BARS STRAND BARS

The general classification of VSL Ground anchors dependson their capacity, length and application.


RemovableVSL Temporary anchors can be made to beremovable. Removable anchors are requiredwhere it is undesirable or unacceptable toleave them in the ground, particularly in urbanareas where they often extend into adjacentproperties. The methods used by VSL forextracting the free and even the bond lengthsare based on specially-designed mechanisms.VSL has a long tradition in these specialtechniques, with thousands of anchorssuccessfully installed and subsequently removed.

Post-groutingUltimate external anchor resistance can beconsiderably improved by the use of post-grouting around the bond length of the anchor .VSL can provide the following post-groutingsystems:- simple post-grouting;- repeated post-grouting with a return line;- repeated and targeted post-grouting using

double packers.For additional details and other features, seeVSL’s technical data on pages 15-18. For all anchorages, please consult the VSL datasheets.


Economical solution with a two-year service lifeVSL Temporary strand anchors have a limiteddesign service life – generally speaking lessthan two years. Consequently, they havelimited corrosion protection.Selection of the tendon and anchorage is madein accordance with VSL data sheets and theengineer’s specifications.

Applications

• Sheet pile walls, with load transfer bysteel beams and wedge plates.

• Pile walls, diaphragm walls and boredpile walls without an encased externaltrumpet. Placing the anchor requiresdrilling through the structure.

• Pile walls – the same application asabove, but with a previously-encasedtrumpet.

VSL TEMPORARY STRAND ANCHORS

Alpine Transit Tunnel,Switzerland - 2003

Singapore Art School,Singapore - 2006



How it worksIn the bond length, the strands are uncoatedsteel. Spacers hold them apart one fromanother in order to obtain an optimal loadtransfer. External spacers may also be used ifrequired to centre the anchor in the drill hole.

The strands in the free length are normallygreased and individually sheathed.Alternatively, strands can be uncoated andassembled in a smooth sleeve, which is sealedat its lower end to prevent grout penetration.

Temporary soil or rock anchor

VSL Temporary anchors:safe and economical

Strands 0.5” / 0.6”,greased andsheathed

Free

leng

thBo

nd le

ngth

WedgesHead

Bearingplate

Strands 0.5” / 0.6”uncoated

Spacer

Injection pipe for rock anchors(not shown forclarity)

The anchorage can be detailed to suit the configuration of the support.

Surveillance anchor with VSL Load cellGround anchors can be monitored with load cells, which areinstalled together with the anchor. They may be included aspart of VSL’s scope of services.

Optional: post-grouting pipe(not shown for clarity)

Neufeld Tunnel, Switzerland - 2007



VSL PERMANENT STRAND ANCHORS

Permanent with corrosion protectionPermanent ground anchors fulfil their functionthroughout the working life of the structure andrequire comprehensive corrosion protection. Theyare equipped with watertight, thick-walledpolyethylene (PE) encapsulation, which acts asa protective multi-barrier against corrosion.Today’s state-of-the-art permanent anchors areelectrically isolated, a technology that has beenfully mastered by VSL.

Monitoring Permanent anchors can be inspectedthroughout their service life. In addition tovisual checks of the anchorage, anchor loadscan be measured by lift-off procedures usingeither a special load cell in combination with a

Anchorages for all needsVSL Anchorages are available for use as: - standard production anchors, where the load

is not normally modified after stressing; - adjustable anchors used for regulating

the load; - control anchors, which allow occasional

monitoring with a removable load cell;- surveillance anchors, used for checking the

anchor load with a permanently-installedload cell.

Special lift-off jack

Removable load cell Gw

Bulle-Montbovon Highway,Switzerland - 2005

A10 Highway from Bucelas to Carregado,Portugal - 2003

Acacia Ridge Rail Crossing,Australia - 2009

Special lift-off jacksWhere anchors have neither threaded heads norprotruding strands, VSL can provide specialjacks with up to 1,670kN capacity that allow theanchor head to be lifted off.

threaded anchor head or by carrying out a pull-out test on the protruding strand bundle.Performing this testing in line with a definedinspection schedule provides a valuable check of the behaviour of the anchors.

Double corrosion protection (DCP)anchorsAlternatively, VSL Ground anchors can beprovided with two protective barriers againstcorrosion attacks. These DCP anchors, whichcomply with EN 1537, feature two concentriccorrugated ducts in the bond length, where theyare pre-grouted prior to installation.



How it worksThe anchor is built with a corrugated duct in thebond length (two for DCP anchors) and with asmooth sleeve in the free length. Spacers andcentralisers ensure that the anchor is centredboth in the encapsulation and in the bore hole inorder to achieve the required cover. The anchoringcapacity can be improved with the same post-grouting system as for temporary anchors.The choice of the tendon is made in accordancewith VSL’s technical data on pages 15-18 andthe engineer’s specification. For anchorages, refer to the appropriate VSLdata sheets.

Electrically isolated anchors Standards such as EN 1537 define differenttypes of corrosion protection systems, includingthe electrical isolation method. The advantageof this technology is that it allows the integrityof the corrosion protection encapsulation to bechecked not only during installation but alsothroughout the anchor’s service life, bymeasuring electrical resistance.

Permanent soil or rock anchor

Strands 0.5” / 0.6”,greased andsheathed

Free

leng

thBo

nd le

ngth

Seal

Anti-burstingreinforcement

Internaltrumpet

Externaltrumpet

Bearing plate

Anchor head

Corrugated duct – two concentricducts for DCPanchors

Spacer

Centraliser

Bare strand

Smooth-walledsleeve

End cap

Injection pipesfor internal andexternal grouting(not shown forclarity)

Optional: post-grouting pipe

Protection cap

Anchor head

Seal

Internal trumpetExternal trumpet

Injection tube

Load distribution plateand isolation plate

Bearing plate

Pestana Promenade, Ocean Resort Hotel,

Madeira Island, Portugal - 2007

Lake Narracan,Australia - 2003



VSL BAR ANCHORSA full range of well proven productsVSL has been marketing bars for the constructionindustry since the early 1970s and offers anextensive range of hot-rolled and cold-rolledproducts. VSL’s product line complies withinternational standards including prevailingEuropean standard, ASTM, Australian andBritish Standards and SIA. Diameters rangefrom 16mm to 75mm, depending on the steelgrade, allowing a fine-tuning of the selection tosuit the required loads.

Soil nails, rock bolts, micropiles The VSL Bar system, which is available in B500and S670 grades and diameters up to 75mm, is used for soil nails, rock bolts, micropiles andsimilar applications. The corrosion protectiondepends on the required service life, theconsequences of failure of a group of anchorsand on prevailing environmental conditions. VSL offers a full range of protection options tomeet the project requirements and that complywith international regulations. Generally, thecorrosion protection is defined by the engineerin charge of the project. It can range from nospecial measures for bars for short-term use topre-grouted encapsulated bars with a high levelof corrosion protection.

Bars for mining and tunnelling VSL’s B450 and S600 bars are used in miningapplications while B500 and S670 are used intunnelling. Different anchoring methods areavailable and include fully cement and resingrouted bonded anchors, as well as expansionshell anchors. The bar ends can be providedwith saw tip, chisel tip or point tip end finishes.

Bars for prestressed anchorapplicationsVSL Post-tensioned anchors consist of a high-strength Y950/1050 grade steel tendon, whichis fitted with a stressing anchorage at one endand a means of permitting force transfer to thegrout and rock or soil at the other end. Therock anchor tendon is installed into a preparedhole of suitable length and diameter, thenanchored by grouting to the rock and post-tensioned to a specified load. Anchors areusually shop-fabricated and fitted with therequired corrosion protection and delivered tosites as either double corrosion protectionanchors or single corrosion protection anchors.

Temporary rock bolt

The installation and stressing of bar anchors is fastand economical. They are generally used for securingslopes and excavations in rock and soil.

Spacer

The bar endcan beprovided withsaw tip, chiseltip or point tipfinishes

Coupler

Anchorage

VSL Bar

Central HidroeléctricaPorce III, Colombia - 2005



Coarse threaded bars offerimportant advantages: - very user-friendly as components remain

threadable even under extreme handlingconditions;

- easily cut or coupled to adapt to changingsite environments;

- good bonding characteristics; - high ductility.System components are available for allapplications, including domed or flat bearingplates, couplers and nuts for uplift micropileswith alternating loading conditions.

VSL Bar

Permanent micropile

Outer spacer

Inner spacer

Cement groutbetween barand corrugatedsleeve

Corrugatedsleeve

Anchorage

Maladière Football Stadium,Switzerland - 2007

Sunshine Motorway Duplication,Australia - 2008

Beuggen Castle, Switzerland - 2008

For details of VSL’s Bar systems andanchorages, pleaseconsult the VSL BarBrochure



VSL’S SERVICES: TAILORED TO MEET SITVSL provides a comprehensive range of services that are tailored to thecustomer’s requirements.

PREFABRICATION AND DELIVERYVSL Anchors are typically assembled in a workshop before being transported to site. They can alsobe fabricated close to the location where they are to be installed. T o allow easy installation intothe borehole, strand anchors are rolled into a special anchor cradle or moved on wheels.

DRILLING ANDINSTALLATIONInstallation requires specialist know-how andmust follow strict site procedures. Clients canrely on VSL’s expertise to provide these services.

ANCHOR TESTINGGround anchors: what VSL can offer

- Pre-design and consultancy services toengineers and contractors;

- Drilling;- Prefabrication and delivery to site;- Assistance with installation, grouting and

supervision;- Execution of stressing operations

including anchor and bar testing;- Monitoring and maintenance;- Detensioning and anchor removal;- Optional rental of equipment such as

jacks, pumps, mixers and torque wrenches.

Most codes specify tests to confirm thesuitability of a particular anchor design ingiven ground conditions. Such tests arecarried out as soon as the grout in the bondlength has achieved sufficient strength. VSL has the knowledge, equipment and trainedpersonnel to assist clients with consultancy,and to carry out the testing in accordance withthe contract specifications.



SITE PROCEDURESBAR ANCHORTESTINGNails and bolts are normally subjected totesting. Pull-out tests and tension tests areused to determine the external anchorresistance and to demonstrate the bondcapacity between the anchor and soil or rock.

MONITORING OFELECTRICAL ISOLATION

LOAD MONITORING AND MAINTENANCE

Most structures that are secured with permanentanchors are monitored throughout their life. Such monitoring can be done either on apermanent or on a periodic basis. VSL can provide the full range of servicesincluding carrying out load monitoring andmaintenance together with their reports. Furtheradvice and services are also available to coverthe re-stressing of tendons where necessary. Permanent surveillance requires specialisedload cells mounted onto the anchor, providing a continuous measurement of the load on thetendons. The device can be connected to anoverall online monitoring network.

Depending on the project specifications, the anchorage of permanent anchors can beinjected with corrosion-protective greaseusing a specialist procedure that VSL canundertake. Where electrically isolatedanchors are used, electrical resistancemeasurements are carried out at differentstages to check the integrity of the PE encapsulation and the corrosion-protectionbarrier condition.

ANCHOR STRESSINGThe installation and stressing of the workinganchors can proceed once appropriate testinghas confirmed the suitability of the anchordesign on a test anchor. Anchors are stressedto their working load.



A WIDE RANGE OF APPLICATIONS

Wind turbine tower, Åland Archipelago, Finland - 2007Ground anchors have been used to stabilise the tower ,

avoiding the requirement for a gravity foundation.

Avalanche Tunnel, Switzerland - 2007Anchors secure the bridge tunnel against the effect of avalanches.

BB Centre, Czech Republic - 2007Stressing of the pile wall

Bank of China, Hong Kong - 1987Ground anchors are installed atthe base of the tower to stabilise itagainst the effects of typhoons.

The Buddhas of Bamiyan, Afghanistan - 2003The surrounding rock area has been secured with VSL Anchors.



Calheta, Portugal - 2007Slope stabilisation during excavation

Bridge abutment, Haerkingen, Switzerland - 2005Temporary and permanent anchors were chosen forthe stabilisation of a bridge abutment after the spanhad been widened.

Tilbury Fort, Great Britain - 1978An inspection of 340anchors carried out in2008 proved that theanchors remained inexcellent condition after 30 years in a veryaggressive environment.

Parking Hinterglemm, Austria - 2007Temporary stabilisation of an excavation

Nisigaya Factory site preparation, Japan - 2006 Slope stabilisation during excavation



A WIDE RANGE OF APPLICATIONS

Masied-e-Suleiman HEP Extension, Iran - 2003 Anchors installed in cavern for cable crane

Burrinjuck Dam, Australia - 1994Anchors installed to prevent overturning

due to higher prediction of flood levels

Berlin Airport, Germany - 2008Micropile application

Bullfighting Arena Lisbon,Portugal - 2002Slope stabilisation duringexcavation adjacent to a historic building.

Daftah-Shis Road andTunnel Project, UAE - 2008Slope stabilisation

Pantalla Anclada Viviendas Benahavis, Spain - 2008Permanent anchors for slope stabilisation

Mendoza Snow Sheds NationalRoad, Argentina - 2004

Traffic disruption has beenavoided by building snowsheds where snow would

normally accumulate.



1. STRAND AND ANCHOR PROPERTIES

2. REMOVABLE ANCHORS

3. POST-GROUTING

VSL GROUND ANCHOR SYSTEMTECHNICAL DATA



1.1 - STRAND PROPERTIES 13mm (0.5”)

1.2 - ANCHOR PROPERTIES 13mm (0.5”)

1 - STRAND AND ANCHOR PROPERTIES

Strand type prEN 10138 – 3 (2006) ASTM A 416-06Y1860S7 Grade 270

Nominal diameter d (mm) 12.5 12.9 12.7Nominal cross section Ap (mm2) 93 100 98.7Nominal mass M (kg/m) 0.726 0.781 0.775Nominal yield strength fp0,1k (MPa) 16341 16401 16752

Nominal tensile strength fpk (MPa) 1860 1860 1860Specif./min. breaking load Fpk (kN) 173 186 183.7Young’s modulus (GPa) approx. 195Relaxation3 after 1000 hat 20°C and 0.7 x F pk (%) max. 2.5

1) Characteristic value measured at 0.1% permanent extension2) Minimum load at 1% extension for low-relaxation strand 3) Valid for relaxation class acc. to prEN 10138-3 or low-relaxation grade acc. to ASTM A 416-06

1) Given values can slightly vary from country to country , depending on local availability of PE duct diameters. They are the s ame for electrically isolated and non- electrically isolatedpermanent anchors. The values are not valid for anchors inclined upwards and for anchors with a post-grouting arrangement with double packer acc. to 3.3. The diameters of such anchorscan be provided on request. For information on post-grouting see chapter 3 page 18.

2) The first of the given values are for a simple post-grouting arrangement using a pipe of 16mm external diameter, the second value is for a repeated post-grouting with return line acc. to 3.2.Both values are without external centraliser but including spacers. They can vary depending on local circumstances. For informa tion on post-grouting see chapter 3 page 18. Diameters ofanchors without any post-grouting pipe are correspondingly smaller than the first value. Diameters for removable anchors are a cc. to chapter 2 page 18.

3) Larger units available upon request.

SA = Soil anchorRA = Rock anchorRI = Single or repeated injection

Breaking load Maximum diameter of anchor1

Y1860S7 (prEN) Grade 270 temporary2 permanent(ASTM)

d=12.5 mm d=12.9 mm d=12.7 mm SA without RI3 RA without RI3 RA with RI3

Ap=93 mm2 Ap=100 mm2 Ap=98.7 mm2 SA with RI

[kN] [kN] [kN] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]

346 372 367 48/64 85 90 95

519 558 551 48/64 85 90 95

692 744 735 48/64 85 90 95

865 930 919 48/64 95 100 105

1038 1116 1102 48/64 95 100 105

1211 1302 1286 64/64 95 100 105

1384 1488 1470 71/71 110 115 120

1557 1674 1653 64/80 110 115 120

1730 1860 1837 80/80 115 120 125

1903 2046 2021 74/74 115 120 125

2076 2232 2204 74/74 115 120 125

2249 2418 2388 74/90 125 130 135

2422 2604 2572 90/90 125 130 135

2595 2790 2756 84/84 125 130 135

2768 2976 2939 84/84 125 130 135

2941 3162 3123 84/84 125 130 135

3114 3348 3307 84/84 125 130 135

3287 3534 3490 84/100 125 130 135

Anchorage unit Number of strands

5-2 2

5-3 3

5-4 4

5-7 5

6

5-7 7

5-12 8

9

10

11

5-12 12

5-15 13

14

5-15 15

5-19 16

17

18

5-19 19

Comments: • To facilitate a problem-free homing of the

anchor, the diameter of the borehole and theformed hole of the casing should be at least20mm greater than the maximum diameter of the anchor.

• Data for anchor units with additional strandsare available on request.

• Temporary anchors have a limited corrosionprotection with a duration of use in principle of

up to two years. Permanent anchors have acomprehensive protection with a duration ofuse of typically more than two years.

• Values are subject to modification.



1.4 - ANCHOR PROPERTIES 15mm (0.6”)

1) Given values can slightly vary from country to country , depending on local availability of PE duct diameters. For permanent anchors with single duct encapsulation they are the same forelectrically isolated and non-electrically isolated permanent anchors. The values are not valid for anchors inclined upwards an d for anchors with a post-grouting arrangement with doublepacker acc. to 3.3. The diameters of such anchors can be provided on request. For information on post-grouting see chapter 3 pa ge 18.

2) The first of the given values are for a simple post-grouting arrangement using a pipe of 16mm external diameter , the second value is for a repeated post-grouting with return line acc. to 3.2.Both values are without external centraliser but including spacers. They can vary depending on local circumstances. For informa tion on post-grouting see chapter 3 page 18. Diameters ofanchors without any post-grouting pipe are correspondingly smaller than the first value. Diameters for removable anchors are ac c. to chapter 2 page 18.

3) The first of the given values are for the outer corrugated duct in the bond length, the second is the diameter of the anchor including the external spacers. Both values include simple orrepeated post-grouting tubes.

4) Larger units available upon request.

SA = Soil anchorRA = Rock anchorRI = Single or repeated injection

Breaking load Maximum diameter of anchor1

Y1860S7 (prEN) Grade 270 temporary2 permanent(ASTM)

single duct encapsulation double ductencapsulation3

d=15.3 mm d=15.7 mm d=15.24 mm SA without RI4 RA without RI4 RA with RI4 (DCP anchors)Ap=140 mm2 Ap=150 mm2 Ap=140 mm2 SA with RI

[kN] [kN] [kN] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]

520 558 521 70/70 95 100 105 99/140

780 837 782 70/70 95 100 105 99/140

1040 1116 1043 70/77 95 100 105 126/165

1300 1395 1304 77/82 115 120 125 126/165

1560 1674 1564 70/82 115 120 125 126/165

1820 1953 1825 82/82 115 120 125 126/165

2080 2232 2086 92/92 125 130 135 151/190

2340 2511 2346 90/105 125 130 135 151/190

2600 2790 2607 105/105 125 130 135 151/190

2860 3069 2868 105/105 125 130 135 151/190

3120 3348 3128 105/105 125 130 135 151/190

3380 3627 3389 105/105 150 155 160 160/200

3640 3906 3650 105/105 150 155 160 160/200

3900 4185 3911 105/105 150 155 160 160/200

4160 4464 4171 105/105 150 155 160 160/200

4420 4743 4432 130/130 150 155 160 160/200

4680 5022 4693 130/130 150 155 160 160/200

4940 5301 4953 130/130 150 155 160 160/200

Anchorage Numberunit of strands

6-2 2

6-3 3

6-4 4

6-7 5

6

6-7 7

6-12 8

9

10

11

6-12 12

6-15 13

14

6-15 15

6-19 16

17

18

6-19 19

Comments: • To facilitate a problem-free homing of the

anchor, the diameter of the borehole and theformed hole of the casing should be at least20mm greater than the maximum diameter of the anchor.

• Data for anchor units with additional strandsare available on request.

• Temporary anchors have a limited corrosionprotection with a duration of use in principle ofup to two years. Permanent anchors have a

1.3 - STRAND PROPERTIES 15mm (0.6”)

Strand type prEN 10138 – 3 (2006) ASTM A 416-06Y1860S7 Grade 270

Nominal diameter d (mm) 15.3 15.7 15.24Nominal cross section Ap (mm2) 140 150 140Nominal mass M (kg/m) 1.093 1.172 1.102Nominal yield strength fp0,1k (MPa) 16361 16401 16762

Nominal tensile strength fpk (MPa) 1860 1860 1860Specif./min. breaking load Fpk (kN) 260 279 260.7Young’s modulus (GPa) approx. 195Relaxation3 after 1000 hat 20°C and 0.7 x F pk (%) max. 2.5

1) Characteristic value measured at 0.1% permanent extension2) Minimum load at 1% extension for low-relaxation strand 3) Valid for relaxation class acc. to prEN 10138-3 or low-relaxation grade acc. to ASTM A 416-06

comprehensive protection with a duration ofuse of typically more than two years.

• Values are subject to modification.


Anchorage NumberUnit of strands

5-2 25-4 45-6 65-8 85-10 105-12 12


2 - REMOVABLE ANCHORS

3 - POST-GROUTING

Breaking load Maximum diameter Strand sectionsof anchor based on 93 / 100 / 98.7 mm 2 strand

Y1860S7 (prEN) Grade 270 (ASTM)Ap = 93 mm2 Ap = 60 mm2 Ap = 98.7 mm2

[kN] [kN] [kN] [mm] [mm2]

346 372 367 105 186 / 200 / 197692 744 735 105 372 / 400 / 3951038 1116 1102 105 558 / 600 / 5921384 1488 1470 105 744 / 800 / 7901730 1860 1837 105 930 / 1000 / 9872076 2232 2204 105 1116 / 1200 / 1184

Anchorage NumberUnit of strands

6-2 26-3 36-4 46-7 5

66-12 7

891011

6-12 12

Breaking load* Maximum diameter Strand sectionsof anchor based on based on Ap = 140/150 mm2

Y1860S7 (prEN) Grade 270 (ASTM)

[kN] [kN] [kN] [mm] [mm2]

371 399 372 90 200 / 214557 598 559 90 300 / 321743 797 745 90 400 / 429929 996 931 90 500 / 5361114 1196 1117 100 600 / 6431300 1395 1304 100 700 / 7501486 1594 1490 110 800 / 8571671 1794 1676 110 900 / 9641857 1993 1862 115 1000 / 10712043 2192 2049 115 1100 / 11792229 2391 2234 115 1200 / 1286

2.1 - Type S, extraction of the total length

2.2 - Type XF, extraction of the free length

3.1 Simple post-groutingPermits single post-grouting of the grout bodyin the bond length.

3.2 Repeated post-grouting with return line Permits repeated post-grouting provided thepipe is rinsed after each injection.

3.3 Post-grouting with double packerPipe with packer with two plugs each side,introduced into a rigid sleeved pipe, allowsindividual and targeted grouting.

Anchors of the same type can present external ultimate loads that can vary considerably depending onlocal geotechnical conditions. In most cases, this external ultimate load resistance can be improved bythe use of post-grouting around the bond length of the anchor . All anchor types can be equipped withone of the following post-grouting systems:

post-grouting pipe strand

anchorgrout inlet

l b fr

1m

l

post-grouting pipestrand

b fr

1m

return line

ll

anchor

outlet

grout inlet

b frll

rigid pipestrand

anchorgrout inlet

Larger units available upon request.

*Reduced breaking load due to removal mecanism

l b = bond lengthl fr = free length

= injection point



SYSTEMS & TECHNOLOGIES

• Post-tensioning strand systems

• Bars & post-tensioning bar systems

• Stay cable systems

• Damping systems (stays & buildings)

• Ductal® UHP concrete

• Bearings & Joints

www.vsl.com

Ground anchors

GROUND ENGINEERING

VSoL® walls

D-walls & Piles

Groundimprovement

Buildings

Slab on grade

Containment structures

Bridges

Special structures

CONSTRUCTION

Formwork & Equipment

Heavy lifting

REPAIR, STRENGTHENING & PRESERVATION

Repair &Strengthening

Protection & Preservation

Structural diagnostics& Monitoring

36.25

3178.25


Copyright 2010, VSL International Ltd. Printed in France – patented.

The information set forth in this brochure including technical andengineering data is presented for general information only. While everyeffort has been made to insure its accuracy, this information should not beused or relied upon for any specific application without independentprofessional examination and verification of its accuracy , suitability andapplicability. Anyone using this material assumes any and all liabilityresulting from such use. VSL disclaims any and all express or impliedwarranties of merchantability fitness for any general or particular purpose orfreedom from infringement of any patent, trademark, or copyright in regardto the information or products contained or referred to herein. Nothingherein contained shall be construed as granting a license, express orimplied under any patents.

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QUEENSLANDPhone: +61 7 3265 64 00Fax: +61 7 3265 75 34

VICTORIAPhone: +61 3 979 503 66Fax: +61 3 979 505 47

SOUTH AUSTRALIAPhone: +61 8 8354 4884Fax: +61 8 8354 4883

TASMANIAPhone: +61 3 6225 3567Fax: +61 3 6225 2226

PERTHPhone/Fax: +61 8 9523 4686

Americas /ARGENTINAVSL Sistemas Especiales deConstrucción Argentina SABUENOS AIRESPhone: +54 11 4326 06 09Fax: +54 11 4326 26 50

BOLIVIAPostensados de BoliviaSAN MIGUEL, LA PAZPhone: +591 2 27 70 338Fax: +591 2 27 96 183

CHILEVSL Sistemas Especiales deConstrucción S.A.SANTIAGOPhone: +56 2 571 67 00Fax: +56 2 571 67 01

COLOMBIASistemas Especiales deConstrucción S.A.SBOGOTAPhone: +57 1 226 62 30Fax: +57 1 271 50 65

MEXICOVSL Corporation Mexico S.A de C.VMEXICOPhone: +52 55 55 11 20 36Fax: +52 55 55 11 40 03

PERUSistemas Especiales de ConstrucciónPeru S.A.LIMAPhone: +51 1 349 38 38Fax: +51 1 348 28 78

UNITED STATESVStructural LLCBALTIMORE, MDPhone: +1 410 850 7000Fax: +1 410 850 4111

VENEZUELAGestión de Obras y Construcciones C.A.CARACASPhone/Fax: +58 212 941 86 75

Africa /EGYPTMatrix Engineering CompanyCAIROPhone: +20 2 344 19 00Fax: +20 2 346 04 57

SOUTH AFRICATsala-RMS Construction Solutions(Pty) LtdJOHANNESBURGPhone: +27 11 878 6820Fax: +27 11 878 6821

Europe /AUSTRIAGrund-Pfahl- und SonderbauGmbHHIMBERGPhone: +43 2235 87 777Fax: +43 2235 86 561

CROATIATehnicki projekt d.o.o.ZAGREBPhone: +385 1 4664 586Fax: +385 1 4664 549

CZECH REPUBLICVSL Systems (CZ) Ltd.PRAGUEPhone: +420 2 51 09 16 80Fax: +420 2 51 09 16 99

FRANCEVSL France S.A.LABÈGEPhone: +33 05 61 00 96 59Fax: +33 05 61 00 96 62

GERMANYVSL Systems GmbHBERLINPhone: +49 30 530 28 06-0Fax: +49 30 530 28 06-99

GREAT BRITAINVSL Systems (UK) Ltd.BEDFORDSHIREPhone: +41 58 456 30 30Fax: +41 58 456 30 35

NETHERLANDSHeijmans Beton en Waterbouw B.V.ROSMALENPhone: +31 73 543 66 02Fax: +31 73 543 66 11

NORWAYSpennarmering Norge ASRUDPhone: +47 98 21 02 66Fax: +47 67 17 30 01

Middle East /UNITED ARAB EMIRATESVSL Middle East LLCDUBAI, UAEPhone: +971 4 885 7225Fax: +971 4 885 7226

Asia /BRUNEI VSL Systems (B) Sdn. Bhd.BRUNEI DARUSSALAMPhone: +673 2 380 153 / 381 827Fax: +673 2 381 954

CHINA PRCVSL (China) Engineering Corp., Ltd.HEFEIPhone: +86 551 382 29 18Fax: +86 551 382 28 78

HONG KONGVSL Hong Kong Ltd.CHAI WANPhone:+852 2590 22 88Fax: +852 2590 02 90

Intrafor Hong Kong Ltd.CHAI WANPhone:+852 2836 31 12Fax: +852 2591 61 39

FT Laboratories Ltd.PING CHEPhone: +852 2758 48 61Fax: +852 2758 89 62

INDIAVSL India PVT Ltd.CHENNAIPhone: +91 44 4225 11 11Fax: +91 44 4225 10 10

INDONESIAPT VSL IndonesiaJAKARTAPhone: +62 21 570 07 86Fax: +62 21 573 75 57

JAPANVSL Japan CorporationTOKYOPhone: +81 3 3346 8913Fax: +81 3 3345 9153

KOREAVSL Korea Co. Ltd.SEOULPhone: +82 2 553 8200Fax: +82 2 553 8255

MALAYSIAVSL Engineers (M) Sdn. Bhd.KUALA LUMPURPhone: +603 7981 47 42Fax: +603 7981 84 22

PORTUGALVSL Sistemas Portugal Pre-Esforço, Equipamento e Montagens S.A.PAÇO DE ARCOSPhone: +351 21 445 83 10Fax: +351 21 444 63 77

VSL GEOSistemas de Aplicação em Geotecnia SAPAÇO DE ARCOSPhone: + 351 21 445 83 10Fax: + 351 21 445 83 28

SPAINCTT StrongholdBARCELONAPhone: +34 93 289 23 30Fax: +34 93 289 23 31

VSL-SPAM, S.A.BARCELONAPhone: +34 93 846 70 07Fax: +34 93 846 51 97

SWEDENInternordisk Spännarmering ABVÄSTERHANINGEPhone: +46 10 448 74 29Fax: +46 8 753 49 73

SWITZERLANDVSL (Switzerland) Ltd.SUBINGENPhone: +41 58 456 30 30Fax: +41 58 456 30 35

VSL (Suisse) SASAINT LEGIERPhone: +41 58 456 30 00Fax: +41 58 456 30 95

TURKEYMega Yapi Construction & Trade Co. LtdANKARAPhone: +90 312 490 90 66Fax: +90 312 490 90 55

Headquarters

VSL International Ltd.Scheibenstrasse 70 CH-3014 BernSwitzerlandPhone: +41 58 456 30 00Fax: +41 58 456 30 95

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