HYPERTENSION

What is Hypertension?• A common disorder in which blood pressure

remains abnormally high (a reading of 140/90

mm Hg or greater)

• High Blood Pressure increases your chance (or

risk) of getting Heart Attack, Heart Failure, Stroke,

Kidney disease and Peripheral vascular disease.

• It is also called as Arterial Hypertension

• It is a is a chronic medical condition in which the

blood pressure in the arteries is elevated.

Prevalence of Hypertension in India

• Hypertension is the most prevalent chronic disease in India with prevalence

increasing rapidly among both urban and rural populations.

• The prevalence of hypertension ranges from 20- 40% in urban adults and

12-17% among rural adults

• The number of people with hypertension is projected to increase from 118

million in 2000 to 214 million in 2025, with nearly equal numbers of men

and women.

Types of Hypertension• Essential Hypertension:

About 90 percent to 95 percent of people with high blood pressure

have essential hypertension or primary hypertension. i.e. where

cause is unknown

• Isolated Systolic Hypertension:

Here systolic BP is greater than or equal to 140 and diastolic BP is

normal. In the Past Doctors considered this type of high blood

pressure to be normal in elderly patients. As people age, their

arteries tend to lose elasticity and become less able to

accommodate blood surges, leading to hardening of the arteries

(arteriosclerosis). But it is not a benign condition and needs to be

aggressively treated.

Types of Hypertension• Secondary Hypertension:

Some medical conditions and medications can cause high blood pressures. This is

called secondary hypertension, because high blood pressure is the second thing to

develop, after the initial medical condition.

• White-Coat Hypertension:

Anxiety can raise blood pressure. That's why some people who have a normal blood

pressure at home find that their blood pressure is high when they see a doctor.

This phenomenon is called ‘White-Coat Hypertension’

• Labile Hypertension:

Labile hypertension is blood pressure that fluctuates abruptly and repeatedly, often

causing symptoms such as headache or ringing in the ears.

People with labile hypertension often react to emotional stress with an increase in

blood pressure.

Types of Hypertension• Malignant Hypertension:

Though rare, malignant hypertension is the most threatening form

of high blood pressure. It's marked by an unusually sudden rise in

blood pressure to dangerous levels.

It is usually accompanied by dramatic symptoms such as severe

headache, shortness of breath, chest pain, nausea and vomiting,

blurred vision, or even blindness, seizures and loss of

consciousness. even death

• Hypertension during Pregnancy:

High blood pressure occurs in 6 – 8% of pregnancies, and in most

of these cases, it is diagnosed during a first pregnancy.

Pregnancy can cause high blood pressure due to hormonal

changes or from a serious complication of pregnancy known as

preeclampsia.

Symptoms & Signs• Usually asymptomatic (that’s why

called silent killer)

But patients can have following symptoms:

• Breathlessness• Headache• Bleeding from nose• Fatigue and sleepiness• Tinnitus or ringing in the ears• Profuse sweating• Blurred vision

Causes of Hypertension• Chronic kidney disease

• Arterial disease

• Thyroid disease (Goiter)

• Sleep apnea

• Birth control pills, pregnancy or hormone therapy

• Genes

• Drugs and Alcohol

• Idiopathic (Essential hypertension)

Complications Caused

• Thickens heart muscle

(Left ventricular hypertension)

• Ischemic heart disease

• Heart failure

• Stroke

• Kidney Failure

• Loss or reduced Vision

• Trouble with Memory

• Aneurysm

• Metabolic Syndrome

Tips to Control Hypertension

• Reduce sodium intake

• Limit alcohol intake and stop smoking

• Cut back on caffeine

• Avoid tobacco products and passive smoking

• Have a balanced weight

• Exercise (Aerobics)

• Meditate

The DASH Diet• The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension

– a diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables and low fat dairy foods can substantially reduce blood

pressure.

• Increase intake of

– Banana

– Garlic

– Poultry products

– Potato

– Beetroot

– Onion

– Olive oil

– Nuts

– Omega 3 rich foods

– Avoid sodium(salt) rich food items

Exercises for Hypertension

• Stretching or the slow lengthening of the muscles.

Stretching the arms and legs before and after exercising can help

prepare the muscles for activity and helps prevent injury and muscle

strain. Regular stretching may also increase your range of motion

and flexibility.

• Cardiovascular or aerobic exercise :

This type of exercise strengthens the heart , lungs and improves the

body's ability to use oxygen. Aerobic exercise has the most benefits

for your heart. Over time, aerobic exercise can help decrease your

heart rate and blood pressure and improve your breathing.

• Strengthening exercises are repeated muscle contractions

(tightening) until the muscle becomes tired.

• Always consult your doctor before starting exercise

Prevention Tips

• Maintain normal body weight for adults - Body

mass index 20–25 kg/m2

• Reduce dietary sodium intake to <100 mmol/ day

• Engage in regular aerobic physical activity such as

brisk walking (≥30 min per day, most days of the

week)

• Limit alcohol consumption to no more than 3

units/day in men and no more than 2 units/day in

women

• Consume a diet rich in fruit and vegetables (e.g. At

least five portions per day)

Wockhardt Hospitals in Heart Care

• For over 20 years, Wockhardt Hospitals has earned the reputation of

being a leader in heart care in the country.

• Since 1990, Wockhardt Hospitals has successfully treated thousands of

heart patients and successfully performed a number of cardiac

procedures and surgeries.

• Wockhardt Hospitals Cardiac team is strengthened by an accomplished

full time and visiting team of over 50 cardiologists and cardiac

surgeons who provide the Wockhardt legacy of excellence in all their

hospitals.

• Wockhardt Hospitals aspire to lead and continue to be the most

desired destination for patients not just in India but also from across

the world.

Heart Care Services at Wockhardt Hospitals

• Adult Cardiology and Cardiac Services:

– Interventional Cardiac Procedures

– Cardiothoracic and vascular surgery procedures

• Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac services

– Pediatric cardiology

– Pediatric Cardiac Surgery

– Closed heart surgeries like BT shunt, PDA interception, BD

Glenn Shunt

– Simple open heart surgeries, like ASD closure and VSD closure

– Valve repairs, replacements, ROSS procedure

• Wockhardt also houses Emergency Heart Attack care units in all its

hospitals.

Bibliography• http://www.health24.com/Medical/Hypertension/Types-of-blood-press

ure/Types-of-hypertension-20120721• http://www.umm.edu/patiented/articles/how_serious_high_blood_pres

sure_000014_5.htm• http://www.webmd.com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/high-blood-

pressure-diet• http://www.webmd.com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/guide/dash

-diet• http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/high-blood-pressure/DS00100/DSEC

TION=complications• http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/8315/23999/366623.

html?d=dmtContent

Disclaimer: The information provided in this presentation is for education purpose only. It shouldn’t be considered as expert or medical advice from Wockhardt Hospitals.

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