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IMPERIALISM

Alaska

William Seward – Sec. of State – purchased from

Russia for $7 million.

Twice the size of Texas

Nicknamed Seward’s Folly or Seward’s Icebox

1890 gold found there

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Hawaii

Grew sugar that was sold in the US

King Kamehameha – 1st ruler of all of the Hawaiian islands together – issued a constitution in 1840

1875 – treaty between US and Hawaii – they didn’t have to pay tariff to the US

1890 – McKinley tariff passed – Hawaii had to pay tariff

Hawaii now had to compete with US and other sugar growers

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Queen Liliouokulani – new leader (did not like US

influence)

1893 – Queen Lil made herself absolute monarch

Americans in Hawaii revolt against her and win, Queen

Lil kicked off throne

US says Hawaii was now under US protection

Cleveland tries to give Hawaii back to Queen Lil,

leaders of the revolt say no… “Either Hawaii becomes

a state or a republic-but not back to Queen Lil”

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Policing the Western Hemisphere

James G. Blaine – Sec. of State

Organizes the pan-American Conference –all

countries in the Western Hemisphere attend

Held in Washington 1889

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Chilean Crisis 1891-1892

Civil War between the President and Congress

US sides with the President – He lost

Chile is angry with the US

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Venezuela and Great Britain argue over

boundary

US says the Monroe Doctrine gives them the

right to help Venezuela against Europe

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Spanish American War

1895 Cuba was the last important Spanish colony in

the Western Hemisphere

Cuba wants independence

1896 rebels were being placed in Reconcentrados –

concentration camps

McKinley sent the USS Maine to Havana to help

Americans in Cuba

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USS Maine is sunk

Explosion occurs – 200 people killed

Spanish are blamed, but there is no proof

April 1898 McKinley removes American forces

completely – too late

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First battles took place in the Philippines

Emilio Aguinaldo – revolutionary tried to gain

independence from Spain

Americans seen as allies to help gain

independence

After defeating the Spanish, America refused his

leadership and took over control of the

Philippines themselves

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Teddy Roosevelt enlisted to help lead a

volunteer cavalry called the Rough Riders

Led a charge up San Juan Hill in Cuba

Puerto Rico taken easily

War ended in a few weeks

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Reasons for US involvement in the Spanish

American War

American investments in Cuba

Spanish misrule in Cuba

Yellow journalism

De Loma letter

Sinking of the Maine

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America Expands Further

After the Spanish American War the US acquired

Puerto Rico and Guam

The US said they would maintain control of Manila

in the Philippines

Later they demand all of the Philippines and give

$20 million to Spain for it

Peace Treaty signed in December of 1898

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US was now an empire – many Americans were Anti-Imperialists and were against America taking the Philippines without their consent

McKinley assassinated by Leon Czolgosz (anarchist) and Teddy Roosevelt took over as President

March 1901 Aguinaldo – leader of Philippine revolt captured

1946 Philippines granted independence

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Open Door Notes

Great Britain-France-Germany force China to

allow them to develop a sphere of influence

there for economic reasons

US (Sec. of State Hay) writes to those

involved and says all countries should be able

to trade with China

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Boxer Rebellion – 1900

The Boxers were against the foreigners that were

ruling their country – They wanted to rid their

country of “Foreign Devils” a multi-national

force (including the US) put down the rebellion

2nd Open Door Note – from Sec. of State Hay to

European powers stated there would be no carving

up of China, Independence for China

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Roosevelt and his Canal

1850 Clayton-Bulwer Treaty – US and GB would

build a Canal together

1901 Hay-Pauncefote Treaty – US would build and

maintain a Canal, but others could use it

Choice between Nicaragua or Panama – France had

made an unsuccessful attempt to create a Canal in

Panama and US picked up the rights from the

French

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Panama was part of Columbia and they wanted

more money than the US offered for the

territory

The US aided Panama in a successful revolt

against Columbia

The US paid $10 million to Panama and agreed

to pay $250,000 a year to lease the Canal Zone

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Construction took 7 years – Malaria and Yellow

Fever slowed the progress – Dr. Gorgas drained

the swamps and spread kerosene to kill

mosquitoes carrying the disease

1914 – Canal finished – Teddy Roosevelt takes

credit for it

1978 – Jimmy Carter signs a treaty to return

control to Panama at the end of the century

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