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Page 1: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners

Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Page 2: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Inclusion

Legally Required: LREAccess to General CurriculumAccess to PeersBetter CurriculumHigher Expectations

Page 3: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Inclusion Issues

• Assuming that exposure to class is enough

• Placement without pre-planning

• Not individualizing placement

• Over or under using paraprofessionals

• Focusing on activities-not objectives

• Not utilizing explicit instruction

Page 4: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Successful Inclusion

All teachers responsible for ALL studentsTeach skills needed for success All teachers us effective teaching and

behavior management-Universal DesignSpecial Ed. provides ongoing supportFrequent, regular monitoring of teachers

and students (data gathering)Team problem solving

Page 5: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Universal DesignSchool established effective practice goalsSchool wide rulesUniform classroom rulesProcedures/expectations taught to all

studentsHigh levels of OTR-Opportunities to

Respond and student engagementLearning/study and organizational

strategies explicitly taught to all students

Page 6: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Teaching Practices

Good teaching produces higher levels of appropriate behavior

Good teaching produces higher levels of academic skills

Good teaching produces greater learner progress

Good teaching is a planned process-not a “seat of the pants” proposition

Page 7: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Effective LearnersAre engagedAre interactiveHave a wide knowledge baseAre active in their learningAre motivated from withinAre goal drivenMonitor their learningCan adjust behavior to not interfere with

learning

Page 8: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Ineffective Learners

Are passiveDo not interact appropriatelyHave a limited knowledge baseAre not able to effectively monitor learningExternally motivated/controlledAre not goal orientedBehaviors interfere with learning

Page 9: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Good TeachingNew material is presented through teacher-led

instructionEffective instructional methods usedPractice activities are varied, motivating, and

promote generalization of skillsStudents are engaged more that they are notStudents participate in group activitiesStudents are successful most of the timeLearning is more rewarding than not learning

Page 10: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Multi-Level teaching

Homogeneous groups for reading and math instruction

Whole group instruction for Social Skills, Social Studies, Science

Paras assist with groups where availableUse peer-tutoring, learning centers, projects,

paired learning, etc. for students who are not with teachers

Teacher should regularly teach every student

Page 11: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Instructional Activities and Arrangements

Large GroupSmall Group-most time hereIndividual

Direct Teach (one on one)Direct Instruction-most time herePractice

Page 12: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Ensuring Student LearningProvide high rates of active student responding

(OTR)Provide immediate and complete error correctionTeach Vocabulary!!Teach students learning tools (mnemonics,

learning strategiesUse research-based instruction

PrimingConspicuous strategiesMediated scaffoldingJudicious review

Page 13: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Opportunities to Respond

New Learning

4-6 opportunities per minute with 80% correct

Review

8-12 opportunities per minute with 90% correct

Page 14: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Active Student Responding

Choral ResponsesResponse CardsGuided Notes

Page 15: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Choral Responding

Provides high level of OTRAllows “anonymous” participationTeacher provides cue for when to

respond-visual or auditoryUncertain responses-do firmingListen for errors-correct immediatelyUse individual responses for assessment

and differentiation

Page 16: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Response Cards

Strong research supportHigh motivational valueUsed in large groups, individually, in pairsPre-printed or write onTeacher asks question, provides wait time,

cues-students respond with cardsMany variations-all effective

Page 17: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Guided Notes “Tree” outlineFlow ChartsVenn Diagrams“Framing”-go to

www.graphicorganizers.com for ideas

Guided notes provide a structure-beneficial if all students in a school are taught a basic “frame” in common.

Page 18: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Error Correction

Be explicitBe immediateLead to independence (refer to rule or

strategy during correction)

Page 19: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Explicit Instruction Tell students what you want them to learn Give very clear, direct instructions Demonstrate/model/guided practice/independent

practice Model/lead/test format Clear, consistent error correction

Correct response-acknowledgeIncorrect response-correctUncertain response-firm

www.cast.org/publications/ncac/ncac_explicit.html

www.xnet.rrc.mb.ca/glenh/understanding_by_design.htmFor good ideas for lesson design and evaluation

Page 20: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Priming Background Knowledge

Relating knowledge that students must know to learn a new skill, concept, or strategy

Plan before lesson-”What do students need to know before they can learn this?”

Question-discuss-review this background knowledge BEFORE presenting new skill

Page 21: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Examples of Priming

K-W-L: What do I know, what do I want to know, what have I learned?

Direct instruction curricula (scripted lessons)

Beginning of class warm-upsGraphic organizers

Page 22: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Conspicuous Strategies

Teach learners the “tricks of the trade”-what the experts know

Examples:

Reminder acrostics

“Rules”: Silent “e” makes the vowel say its name.

How do “experts” find the main idea of a passage/

How do “experts” set up a math problem from a story problem?

Page 23: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Mediated ScaffoldingHigh levels of support in the early stages

of learningGradually fade support as student masters

skills

For ideas: go to

www.projects.edtech.sandi.net/staff development/presentation/scaffolding.htm

Page 24: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Judicious Review

Well thought outWell plannedCarefully reflects what they need to knowContinuous-spirals with additional

knowledge throughout the year

Page 25: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Vocabulary

Vocabulary knowledge has been proven to be critical to school success

Vocabulary development is a fundamental goal for early grades

The vocabulary gap widens in early grades

Explicitly teaching vocabulary is essential at all grades

Page 26: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Teaching Vocabulary

Provides students skills and opportunities to learn vocabulary independently

Teaches students the meanings of unfamiliar words and concepts

Fosters an appreciation and awareness of words and their use

Brings words to life-encourages word play

Page 27: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Direct Vocabulary Instruction

Provides clear, understandable, kid-friendly definitions

Uses both definitions and contextProvides lost of varied opportunities to

interact with wordsProvides lost of review and opportunities

for learning(English language learner dictionaries are a

good source of kid friendly definitions)

Page 28: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Vocabulary Strategy-LINCS

1) List the word and definition

2) Indicate a reminding word (looks like-sounds like)

3) Note a LINCing story

4) Construct a LINCing picture

5) Self-Test

Page 29: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

LINCS Example

• Compromise

Essential definition: an agreement, where each gives up something

Reminding word: promise

LINC-ing story: Both promised to give up something to reach an agreement.

LINC-ing picture:

Page 30: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Levels of Vocabulary

No knowledgeGeneral senseNarrow context-bound knowledgeKnowledge of a word without ability to

recall and use it in appropriate situationsRich, decontextualized knowledge of a

word’s meaning, its relationship to other works, and its extension to metaphorical uses (Beck, McKeon & Kucan, 2002)

Page 31: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Mnemonics

KeywordsLetter Strategies (acrostics,acronyms)Pegwords

Research supports the use of mnemonics as a learning strategy for diverse learners. These techniques make learning easier.

Page 32: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Keywords

For vocabulary or pairs of informationInvolves elaboration and imageryStudents use background knowledge to

learn new concepts and vocabularyEx: Arkansas-picture of an ark being sawed in

halfEx: Handel-Baroque composerPicture of a man bringing broken(baroque)

handle bars (Handel) to a bikeshop

Page 33: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Letter Strategies

ROYGBIV-order of colors in rainbowPlease excuse my dear aunt Sally-order of

operations in mathFACE-space notesEvery good boy does fine: line notes

Use letter strategies for lists of information.

Page 34: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Pegwords

For numbered or ordered informationInvolves elaboration and imagery

combined with pegwords (words associated with numbers)

In general, teach all kids one set of pegwords- Scruggs and Mastropieri have one, Quantum list is another-kids can “tweak” as they wish

Page 35: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Pegword Example one is a bun

     two is a shoe     three is a tree     four is a door     five is a hive     six is sticks     seven is heaven     eight is a gate     nine is a line     ten is a hen

Other methods much like pegwords are also useful: go to www.memory-key.com/mnemonics/list-learning.htm

Page 36: Instruction to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners Effective Teaching Practices to Insure Student Success

Learning StrategiesThere are many learning strategies that have been

field tested with students with disabilities:Decoding-DISSECTWriting-TOWERMath-DRAWListening-SLANTTest-Taking-SCOREROrganization-PREP/WISE

http://www.ku-crl.org (materials for purchase)www.ldonline.orgwww.teachingld.org


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