Ecology == study of interactionsinteractions between organismsorganisms && their environmentenvironment

http://www.ecology.info/images/rhinos.jpg

speciesspecies

populationpopulation

communitycommunity

ecosystemecosystem

biospherebiosphere

ECOLOGICAL TERMSECOLOGICAL TERMS

Carrying CapacityCarrying Capacity == the maximummaximum sizesize of a populationpopulation that can still be

supported by the environmentenvironmenthttp://hunter-ed.com/images/graphics/carrying_capacity_bucket.gifhttp://hunter-ed.com/images/graphics/carrying_capacity_chart.gif

An ecological nicheniche includes::http://www.shenet.org/high/hsacaddept/science/mkilmartin/mkimages/bluejay.gif

HabitatHabitatNutritionNutritionCompetitionCompetitionReproductionReproductionBehaviorBehavior

EVERYTHINGEVERYTHING about the organism……

AutotrophsAutotrophs synthesize their own glucoseglucose ((food))

COCO22 + HH22OO + energyenergy (lightlight) CC66HH1212OO66 + OO22

http://www.ap.stmarys.ca/~ishort/Images/Earth/Atmos/photosynthesis.jpg

TheThe CarbonCarbon CycleCyclehttp://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/carboncycle.gif

The The OxygenOxygen Cycle Cyclehttp://www.kminot.com/art/charts/cow_main.jpg

The The WaterWater Cycle Cyclehttp://www.coe.ilstu.edu/scienceed/basolo/water/cycle2.JPG

Energy FlowEnergy Flow in an EcosystemEcosystemhttp://www.biol.andrews.edu/fb/spring/ch54/5401.jpg

FOOD FOOD CHAINSCHAINS

HerbivoresHerbivores,, CarnivoresCarnivores && OmnivoresOmnivoreshttp://richmond.k12.va.us/schools/thirteenacres/images/Bison1.jpg

http://richmond.k12.va.us/schools/thirteenacres/sci_images/forest1.jpghttp://richmond.k12.va.us/schools/thirteenacres/images/grizzly_fish.jpg

ENERGY PYRAMIDENERGY PYRAMIDhttp://www.biol.andrews.edu/fb/spring/ch54/5405.jpg

PRIMARY PRIMARY CONSUMERSCONSUMERS

PRODUCERSPRODUCERS

SECONDARY SECONDARY CONSUMERSCONSUMERS ENERGY ENERGY

PYRAMIDPYRAMIDSECONDARY SECONDARY CONSUMERSCONSUMERS

FOOD WEBFOOD WEBhttp://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_28/40_07.GIF

BacteriaBacteria && FungiFungi are the major decomposersdecomposers ((organisms of decay))

http://staffwww.fullcoll.edu/tmorris/elements_of_ecology/basic_components_of_life.htmhttp://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/fungi/basidio/mushroomsi.gif

Symbiotic RelationshipsSymbiotic Relationshipshttp://eebweb.arizona.edu/Animal_Behavior/lycaenids/lycaen2.htm

MutualismMutualism: Both species benefitExample: In pollination mutualisms, the pollinator gets food (pollen, nectar) and the plant has its pollen transferred to other flowers for cross-fertilization (reproduction).

ParasitismParasitism: One species benefits; the other is harmedExample: Tick gains benefit by sucking blood; hosthost is harmed by losing blood.

CommensalismCommensalism: One species benefits; the other is unaffectedExample: Mammal dung provides food and shelter to dung beetles. The beetles have no effect on the mammals.

http://www.m-w.com/mw/art/tick.gif

((PrimaryPrimary) Ecological Succession) Ecological Successionhttp://owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/eco/Note/Image694.gif

SecondarySecondary Ecological Succession Ecological Successionhttp://www.michigandnr.com/publications/pdfs/wildlife/viewingguide/eco_succession.htm

                     

 

                   

   

                   

   

Originally, this farm field was a deep forestforest filled with towering beechbeech and maple treesmaple trees.

Stage 1. Over time the forest was cleared for farmingfarming, bringing about major changes to the kinds of plants and wildlife that could live here.

Stage 2. After several years of farming, this field was abandoned. For the next few years, annual weeds, grassesgrasses, wildflowers, and other plants invaded the bare soil, creating habitat for mice, meadowlarks, and other open-field wildlife.

SecondarySecondary Ecological Succession Ecological Successionhttp://www.michigandnr.com/publications/pdfs/wildlife/viewingguide/eco_succession.htm

              

        

              

        

              

        

Stage 3. Eventually, shrubsshrubs and small treessmall trees seeded into the field. As these new plants grew, their leaves and outstretched branches shaded out the smaller plants below, creating a different kind of habitat. Chipmunks and robins were among the animals attracted to this new habitat.

Stage 4. Over time, oakoak and hickory treeshickory trees grew tall and shaded out most of the shrubs, creating forest habitat once again. Squirrels and wild turkey replaced chipmunks and robins. Beech and maple seedlings grew much faster in the shade, and soon stretched above the others. As the original oak and hickory trees died and fell, the spaces they left in the forest canopy were filled by beeches and maples growing up from below.

Stage 5. More than 200 years after this forest was first cleared for farming, it returned to beech-maplebeech-maple forestforest again through the process of successionsuccession. For this location, beech-maple forest is the “climax communityclimax community” - the association of plants and animals that will remain stable until disturbed by an outside force - such as fire, wind, disease, or human activity.

BIOBIODIVERSDIVERSITYITYhttp://www.bioteach.ubc.ca/Biodiversity/biodiversity/Biodiversity.gif

““BiodiversityBiodiversity, the planet’s most valuable resource, is on loan to us from our children.””

------ Dr. Edward O. WilsonDr. Edward O. Wilson

www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/whatsenergy.html

RReduce,educe, R Reuse,euse, R Recycleecyclehttp://tinypic.com/view.php?pic=aahe0g&s=3

Oklahoma Dust Bowls Oklahoma Dust Bowls ((1930s1930s))http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=79961&rendTypeId=4

Japanese BeetlesJapanese Beetleshttp://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/icm/files/images/japanese-beetle-soybean.jpg

Gypsy Moth Gypsy Moth Life CycleLife Cyclehttp://www.clintoncountypa.com/Gypsy%20Moth%20Website/gypsy%20moth_files/image003.jpg

Gypsy Moth Gypsy Moth LarvaLarvahttp://cache.daylife.com/imageserve/09hp9Ii7kL1oR/610x.jpg

Nuclear PowerNuclear Powerhttp://photoblog.dralzheimer.stylesyndication.de/photo/Nuclear%20Power%20Plant%20Cattenom

What does the What does the datadata below indicate below indicate??http://www.crcwater.org/onalaska/datainterp.html

Algae BloomsAlgae Bloomshttp://cache.daylife.com/imageserve/0d1z1l852tdmA/610x.jpg

Biological MagnificationBiological Magnificationhttp://www.cfkeep.org/html/phpThumb.php?src=/uploads/5425ddtinfoodchainl.jpg&aoe=1&w=

Acid PrecipitationAcid Precipitationhttp://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/acid-rain-1a.jpg

Global WarmingGlobal Warminghttp://www.koshland-science-museum.org/exhibitgcc/images/causes02.jpg

We are protected by ozone (We are protected by ozone (OO33))http://www.space.gc.ca/asc/img/atmosphere-couche.jpg

OzoneOzone ((OO33)) DepletionDepletionhttp://ozone.gi.alaska.edu/images/uv_abc.gif

http://www.cec.org/ods/images/prn_cecods_ozonedepletion_e.png

Human HealthHuman Health: Damages DNADNA which suppresses immune systemimmune system resulting in increase of infectious diseases, Skin cancercancer, Eye cataracts

Plants & TreesPlants & Trees: Reduces crop production, damage to seeds; Reduces quality of crops

Aquatic EcosystemsAquatic Ecosystems: Damage to plankton, aquatic plants, fish larvae, shrimp, crabs; Affects marine food chain, damage to fisheries result

MaterialsMaterials: Paints, rubber, wood and plastic are degraded faster, especially in tropical regions

Biological ControlBiological Controlhttp://www.bugsforbugs.com.au/images/C_transversalis3.jpg

STEREOMICROSCOPESTEREOMICROSCOPEhttp://www.startracksmedical.com/supplies/stereomicroscope.jpg

Compound Compound LightLight Microscope Microscopehttp://www.tissue-cell-culture.com/images/products/related/microscopes/1200cm_mscope.gif

Wet-Mount Wet-Mount && Staining Techniques Staining Techniqueshttp://www.sep.alquds.edu/biology/scripts/Biology_english/part_1_1_files/image004.jpg

http://www.ekcsk12.org/faculty/jbuckley/lelab/microscopeuselab_files/image004.jpg

Gel ElectrophoresisGel Electrophoresishttp://www.biochem.arizona.edu/classes/bioc471/pages/Lecture2/AMG1.12.gif

CHROMATOGRAPHYCHROMATOGRAPHYhttp://www.sciencebuddies.org/mentoring/project_ideas/Chem_img006.gif

http://www.ndpteachers.org/perit/chromatography2.gif

Oil on PavementOil on Pavementhttp://i.pbase.com/u27/crs/upload/765501.OilonPavement.jpg

CENTRIFUGATIONCENTRIFUGATIONhttp://www.djblabcare.co.uk/djb/data/image/14/0/hettich_eba20_portable_centrifuge.jpeg

Dichotomous KeyDichotomous Key ((Example))The Living Environment Regents – June, 2009