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CCB 3043
Kinetics and Reactor
Design
Associate Professor Dr Ku Zilati Ku Shaari
May 2014
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CHAPTER 1
Course Outline
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CHAPTER 1
Course Learning Outcomes (CO)
1. Explain the fundamentals of different types of reactors
and
reactor operations.
2. Apply the principles of chemical reaction engineering in
solving reaction engineering problems, both for homogeneous
and heterogeneous systems.
3. Interpret and analyze reaction kinetics and reactor systems
for
optimum reactor performance.
4. Apply reactor design equations for a broad range of
conditions
including multiple reactions, catalytic reactions and non-
isothermal processes.
Apply knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering
fundamentals and an engineering specialization to the solution of
complex chemical
engineering problems.
Identify, formulate, research literature and analyse complex
chemical engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions
using first
principles of mathematics, natural sciences and engineering
sciences
Program Outcomes (PO)
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CHAPTER 1
Chemical Engineering Program Outcomes (PO)
1. Apply knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering
fundamentals and an engineering
specialization to the solution of complex chemical engineering
problems.
2. Identify, formulate, research literature and analyse complex
chemical engineering problems
reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences
and engineering sciences
3. Design solutions for complex chemical engineering problems
and design systems,
components or processes that meet specified needs with
appropriate consideration for
public health and safety, cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.
4. Investigate complex chemical engineering problems using
research based knowledge and research
methods including design of experiments, analysis and
interpretation of data and synthesis of
information to provide valid conclusions.
5. Use modern engineering and IT tools to evaluate complex
chemical engineering activities.
6. Apply reasoning informed by contextual knowledge to assess
societal, health, safety, legal and
cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to
professional engineering practice.
7. Understand the impact of professional engineering solutions
in societal and environmental contexts
and demonstrate knowledge of and need for sustainable
development.
8. Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics
and responsibilities and norms of
chemical engineering practice
9. Communicate effectively on complex chemical engineering
activities with the engineering
community and society.
10. Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or
leader in diverse teams and in multi-
disciplinary settings.
11. Recognise the need for, and have the preparation and ability
to engage in independent and life-long
learning in the broadest context of technological change.
12. Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of engineering and
management principles and apply
these to ones own work, as a member and leader in a team, to
manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
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CHAPTER 1
Important Rules and Regulations
1. PUNCTUAL!!! I am very strict about you
BEING ON TIME!
2. No make-up Test or Quiz (unless with
MC, UTP event approval form or death
certificate of immediate family
3. Attendance is compulsory, only 3
absences is accepted
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CHAPTER 1: Mole
Balances
Lecture 1
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CHAPTER 1
Objectives- Chapter 1:
Define the rate of chemical reaction.
Distinguish the difference in operation of different types of
reactor
Apply the mole balance equations to a batch reactor, CSTR, PFR,
and PBR.
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CHAPTER 1
Topics (Chapter 1):
Lecture 1:
Chemical Identity
Reaction Rate
Lecture 2:
General Mole Balance Equation
Mole Balance for Different Reactor
Types
Lecture 3: Mole Balance for Different Reactor
Types
Examples
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CHAPTER 1
WHY CHEMICAL ENGINEERS NEED TO
STUDY REACTION ENGINEERING?
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CHAPTER 1
CHEMICAL
REACTION
ENGINEERING
CHEMICAL REACTION REACTOR DESIGN
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CHAPTER 1
Basic knowledge:
Very important
Applications:
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CHAPTER 1
Application of Chem Rxn Engr
(please read page 1-3)
Manufacture of polyethylene and ethylene.
Plant Safety (Nitroanaline Plant Explosion Exothermic Reactions
That Run Away).
Oil recovery.
Lubricant Design (Effective Lubricant Design Scavenging Free
Radicals).
Enzyme kinetics and Pharmacokinetics.
Cobra Bites (Pharmacokinetics of Cobra Bites Multiple Reactions
in a Batch Reactor (body).
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CHAPTER 1
Reaction rate, -rA
What does it tell???
How fast a number of moles of one
chemical species are being
consumed to form another chemical
species (identity).
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CHAPTER 1
Chemical Identity
Identity of a chemical species is
determined by the kind, number and
configuration of the species atom
C C
H H
CH3 CH3
Cis-2-butene
C C
H
H CH3
CH3
Trans-2-butene
Considered as 2 different species due to the different
configuration even when
the numbers of atoms of elements are the same
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CHAPTER 1
Chemical Identity
A reaction is said to occur when a
species lost its identity and assumed a
new form either by:
Change in the number of atoms in the
compound
Change in structure of the compound
Change in configuration of atoms
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CHAPTER 1
3 ways of losing chemical identity:
Decomposition
Combination
Isomerisation
Chemical Identity
22233 CHCHHCHCH
NO2ON 22
232252
CHCCHCHCHHC
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CHAPTER 1
Reaction rate
Defined as the rate at which a chemical
species reacts (or formed) per unit volume
Expressed as:
Rate of reactant disappearance
Rate of product formation
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CHAPTER 1
Example:
A B
Rate of reaction is given by:
-rA = rate of disappearance of A
rB = rate of formation of B
For heterogeneous reaction, rate of reaction is
express in terms of catalyst volume or catalyst weight
Reaction rate
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CHAPTER 1
Reaction rate is an intensive properties depends on
concentration, temperature,
pressure, or type of catalyst, present in a
system
Reaction rate is NOT influence by type of
reactor used!!
Reaction rate is expressed as:
-rA = kCAn
NOTE: dCA/dt is not the definition for reaction rate
Reaction rate
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CHAPTER 1
Reaction rate:
Example: Is NaOH
reacting?
CSTR - operated at steady state; inlet flow rate = outlet flow
rate
Perfectly well mixed system; concentration of samples taken at
10 a.m is the same as concentration taken at 5 p.m
Therefore: dCA/dt = 0
Does this mean that -rA = 0; i.e. no reaction occurs?
The answer is NO!
dt
dCr AA
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CHAPTER 1
For any species A:
rA is the rate of formation of species A per unit
volume [e.g. mol/dm3.s]
rA is a function of concentration, temperature,
pressure, and the type of catalyst (if any)
rA is independent of the type of reactor (batch,
plug flow, etc.)
rA is an algebraic equation, not a differential
equation
Reaction rate
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CHAPTER 1
Types of Reactor:
1. Batch reactor
2. Continuous-Stirred Tank Reactor
(CSTR)
3. Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) or
Turbular Reactor
4. Packed Bed Reactor (PBR)
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CHAPTER 1
Industrial reactors
Types of reaction
Liquid phase reaction Gas phase reaction
Semi batch reactor,
CSTR
Tubular reactor
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CHAPTER 1
Different types of reactor: 1) Batch reactor
Physical shape: Tank
Used for: small scale operation
process that is not suitable for continuous operation.
Advantage: High conversion longer residence time
Disadvantage High cost
Product variability
Not for large-scale operation
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CHAPTER 1
Different types of reactor: 2) Continuous-Stirred Tank Reactor
(CSTR)
Physical shape: Tank
Continuous Flow, Steady state, Perfectly mixed
Used for: Liquid phase reaction
process that is suitable for continuous operation.
Advantage: Continuous operation
Disadvantage Not for non-ideal mixing
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CHAPTER 1
Different types of reactor: 3) Plug Flow Reactor (PFR)
Physical shape: Cylindrical pipe
Continuous Flow, Steady state, Perfectly mixed
Used for:
Gas phase reaction
Reaction rate varies axially NOT radially.
Reactant Product
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CHAPTER 1
Different types of reactor: 4) Packed Bed Reactor (PBR)
Physical shape: Cylindrical
Continuous Flow, Steady state, Perfectly
mixed
Used for:
Fluid-solid heterogeneous reaction (catalyst)
Reactant Product
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CHAPTER 1
Photos of real reactor systems
Batch reactor
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CSTR
Photos of real reactor systems
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Photos of real reactor systems
PFR
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CHAPTER 1
Dr. KuZee May 2014 CCB3043-Kinetics & Reactor Design
