Download ppt - Latin American Independence Movements (Lesson 1)

Latin AmericanLatin AmericanIndependence Independence

MovementsMovements(Lesson 1)(Lesson 1)

Latin AmericanLatin AmericanIndependence MovementsIndependence Movements

Focus Questions to Consider:Focus Questions to Consider:

1.1. Which major Native American groups inhabited Which major Native American groups inhabited Mexico and South America?Mexico and South America?

2.2. What happened to these groups when the Spanish What happened to these groups when the Spanish conquistadorsconquistadors arrived? arrived?

3.3. What was the What was the encomiendaencomienda system? system?

4.4. Which cash crop dominated Latin America?Which cash crop dominated Latin America?

5.5. How did How did social stratificationsocial stratification affect South America? affect South America?

Aztec and Incan Aztec and Incan civilizations thrived in civilizations thrived in America long before America long before the arrival of the arrival of EuropeansEuropeans

Spanish ConquistadorsSpanish Conquistadors

Hernando Cortez – Enters Mexico where Aztecs have a thriving civilization

Francisco Pizarro –Enters Peru, where Incas have a thriving civilization

Encomienda SystemEncomienda System

“ “We need crops like sugar cane to We need crops like sugar cane to be cultivated so that we can sell it be cultivated so that we can sell it

and make money. We cannot do this and make money. We cannot do this without workers. Our great king has without workers. Our great king has

ordered that we do whatever ordered that we do whatever necessary to get the natives to work. necessary to get the natives to work.

All who resist will be subjected to All who resist will be subjected to cruel punishments and even death.”cruel punishments and even death.”

(Spanish conquistador, 1530)(Spanish conquistador, 1530)

Right to demand labor or tribute Right to demand labor or tribute (payment) from Native Americans(payment) from Native Americans

Brutal conditions/enslavementBrutal conditions/enslavement

Disease, starvation and cruel treatment Disease, starvation and cruel treatment drastically decreased the populationdrastically decreased the population

Encomienda SystemEncomienda System

Sugar Cane Plantations

“Cash Crops”

How does the encomienda system help to explain the trend shown in this graph?

Explain the connection between these two charts.

Who do you think was at the top of Who do you think was at the top of the Social Structure of Spanish the Social Structure of Spanish colonies?colonies? Native Americans and Native Americans and

AfricansAfricans Creoles/Criollos Creoles/Criollos – People of – People of

European descent, but born in European descent, but born in the coloniesthe colonies

Mestizos – Mestizos – Mix of Native Mix of Native American and European descentAmerican and European descent

Mulattoes –Mulattoes – Mix of African and Mix of African and European descentEuropean descent

Peninsulares –Peninsulares – People born in People born in EuropeEurope

Peninsulares –Born in Spain

Creoles – European descent, but born in the colonies

Native Americans and Africans

Mestizos – Mix of Native American and European descent

Mulattoes – Mix of African and European descent

Social Structure of Spanish colonies

Peninsulares Mestizos

How does this compare How does this compare to the situation that to the situation that

existed in France existed in France throughout the 1700s?throughout the 1700s?

How do you think people living in Latin American colonies reacted

when they heard about Enlightenment ideas and the

accomplishments of the American and French Revolutions?

CAUSESCAUSES

PROBLEMS OFTHE SPANISH EMPIRE

THEENLIGHTENMENT

THEAMERICAN

REVOLUTION

THE FRENCH

REVOLUTION

the endthe end

Latin AmericanLatin AmericanIndependence Independence

MovementsMovements(Lesson 2)(Lesson 2)

CAUSESCAUSES

PROBLEMS OFTHE SPANISH EMPIRE

THEENLIGHTENMENT

THEAMERICAN

REVOLUTION

THE FRENCH

REVOLUTION

Toussant L’Ouverture

“We are fighting so that liberty -

the most precious of all

earthly possessions –

may not perish”

1.

1. Toussaint L’Ouverture1. Toussaint L’Ouverture

places places liberateliberatedd

colonial colonial powerpower

important factsimportant facts yearyear

HaitiHaiti FranceFrance

-self-educated former self-educated former slaveslave-familiar with familiar with Enlightenment ideasEnlightenment ideas-led guerilla war led guerilla war against French armyagainst French army

18201820

“I will not rest until I have broken the

chains that bind us to the will of Spain”

Simon Bolivar

2.

2. Sim2. Simóón Boln Bolíívarvar

places places liberatedliberated

colonicolonial al powerpower


VenezuelVenezuela a EcuadorEcuador

ColombiColombia Perua Peru

BoliviaBolivia

SpainSpain

-““the Liberator”the Liberator”-educated in Europeeducated in Europe-led militaryled military-wanted one united wanted one united country “Gran country “Gran Colombia”Colombia”

18218211

José de San Martin

3.

“Of what my Granadiers are

capable, only I know, who matches them there will be, who

exceeds them there won't.”

“De lo que mis granaderos son

capaces, solo lo sé yo, quien los iguale habrá quien los exceda no. “

3. Jos3. Joséé de San Mart de San Martíínn




ArgentinArgentina and a and ChileChile

SpainSpain

-educatededucated-military training in military training in EuropeEurope-joined forces with joined forces with Bolivar for some timeBolivar for some time

18181818,,

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= freed by Bolívar= freed by San Martin

Miguel Hidalgo

« Siendo contra los clamores de la

naturaleza vender a los hombres, quedan abolidas las leyes de

ta esclavitud.”

4.

4. Miguel Hidalgo4. Miguel Hidalgo




Mexico Mexico SpainSpain

-"Father of the "Father of the Country“Country“-began the fight for began the fight for independence but was independence but was executedexecuted-other revolutionary other revolutionary leaders finished the leaders finished the warwar

18211821

the endthe end