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Page 1: maindland bady boom

Zeng Chuanni 06411260

Huang Wei 06951710

Chen Zhen 06409610

Liu Qian 06410350

Xu Chenyan 06411000

Com5520D Applied Communication Research

MSc in New Media, April 2007

Hong Kong Mainlander Baby Boom

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1. Introduction

内地孕妇来港产子人数变化(数据来源:香港医管局 )

10,128

26,132

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

2001年 2006年人数

“Mainlander baby boom” refers to the tremendous increment of babies born by mainland pregnant women in HK.

The impacts of mainlander baby boom are multi-faceted.

Most of the attention concentrates predominantly on its negative impacts.

香港卫生福利及食物局副秘书长聂德权(右)表示,新政可确保香港孕妇得到妥善和优先服务。

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New Regulations HKSAR Adopt

1. Introduction

Starting from 1st February, mainland women who are not allowed to enter HK if they are more than seven months pregnant without HK hospital’s confirmation

Increasing the minimum fee from $9,000 to $39,000

Booking system to ensure local pregnant women have priority to proper obstetric services.

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Reasons for Reinvestigation

Media Bias

Ill Research Methodology

No Studies on Comparison between mainland and HK pregnant women

1. Introduction

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2.1 Origins

2. Background

The mainlander baby boom today can be traced back to a case back in 2001 known as the “Chong Fung –Yuen case”.

2.2 Motives Behind

Dodge of the family-planning policy in mainland

The automatic permanent residence status of the baby

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2. Background

Positive Stimulating the growth of medical revenue. Increase birth rate

Negative

Short-term: Occupation of the public medical resources Risks of hospitals Financial pressures

Long-term: share the public welfare resources cannot help solve the low birth-rate fundamentally

We challenge some of these conclusions because they are ill in logic.

2.3 Impacts & Population Opinions

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2.4 Research Questions

Five Aspects

Reasons Attitude Impacts Choices Solutions

2. Background

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3. Research Method

Group Group Name Name

SubjectsSubjects Characteristics Characteristics

Group 1 Group 1 HK pregnant

women

HK residents

Group 2 Group 2 Mainland

pregnant women in HK

come from mainland now in HK decide to give birth in HK

Group 3 Group 3

Mainland pregnant

women outside HK

come from mainland now in mainland some are determined to give birth in the

mainland while others don't exclude the possibility of giving birth in HK

data was collected using survey questionnaire (two types)

* To make a comparison between mainland and HK pregnant women, two types of questionnaires were designed in advance. One is both for group2 and group3, while th

e other is for group1

Target categories of people

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Survey Methods:

mainly in face to face

online survey as supplement

online

Face to face

3. Research Method

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Research Time: 27,Jan,2007—21,April,2007

Sample Structure:

GroupName

Subjects Number / Proportion

Group 1 HK pregnant women 41 / 39.42%

Group 2 Mainland pregnant women in HK 22 / 21.16%

Group 3Mainland pregnant women outside

HK41 / 39.42%

Total:107 subjects

Available:104 subjects

3. Research Method

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Guangdong Province•廣州市廣州郵電醫院婦產科處( 3月 21日)•廣州市中山大學附屬第三醫院婦產科處( 3月 22日)•深圳市第二人民醫院( 3月 25日)•深圳市仁愛醫院( 3月 26日)•中山市第一人民醫院( 3月 19日)•accidental sampling in street •snowball sampling

Hong Kong•香港浸會醫院( 3月 16日、 3月 20日)•香港威爾斯親王醫院( 3月 30日、 4月 2日)•香港大學瑪麗醫院( 4月 10日)•香港旺角多處私人婦科診所( 4月 1日)•香港 baby親子雜誌的母嬰知識系列講座 (3月 17日)•香港保護本地孕婦權益組織•accidental sampling in street •snowball sampling

3. Research Method

Channels of Survey

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hospi tal spregnant women associ at i onst reetsnowbal lother

Hong Kong Baptist Hospital

3. Research Method

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3. Research Method

Preliminary Investigation

1st Round: Pilot study (content validity)

Feedbacks: Some questions using the term coined by media tend to be confusing. For pregnant women, the questionnaire is too long to finish. Some expression is not consistent with what HK people use. Some questions involve researcher bias.

2nd Round:

Neither confusing problems nor questionnaire length control failure occurred

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Part One (Frequency Analysis)

Reasons

Attitudes

Impacts

Choices

Solutions

Part Two CorrelationCross-tabulationAnalysis

IncomeRelativesPregnant Time

VSPossibility of Giving birth inHK

After Born Problem VS Choices

4. Data Analysis

Prince of Wales Hospital

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4.1 Reasons

Question 1

大陸孕婦来港產子的主要原因

65.9%

40.9%

75.6%

92.7%

63.6%

80.5%

70.7%

72.7%

56.1%

 大陸孕婦(沒來港)

 大陸孕婦(已來港)

香港孕婦

可以免受計劃生育政策約束寶寶可以獲得香港永久居民身份證從而享受諸多福利香港先進的醫療設備和服務

Question 2

來港生子的父母所持的觀念

36.6%

22.7%

19.8%

7.3%

4.5%

23.4%

56.1%

50.0%

40.9%

22.7%

15.9%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

內地孕婦(沒來港)

內地孕婦(已來港)

 香港孕妇

認為多子女是福氣的象徵 希望母憑子貴、貪慕虛榮盡力追求個人權利和生活方式 不知道

Part One

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4.1 Reasons

Question 3 Question 4

大陸來港產子孕婦家庭的經濟狀況

80.5%

36.4%

46.3%

17.1%

63.6%

39.0% 12.2%

2.4%

2.4%

內地孕婦(沒來港)

內地孕婦(已來港)

 香港孕婦

富裕 中等收入 貧困 不知道

限制大陸孕婦赴港產子的因素

78.0%

54.5%

70.7% 68.3% 61.0%

59.1%

43.9%

72.7%

18.2% 18.2%

內地孕婦(沒來港)

內地孕婦(已來港)

自生經濟能力 到了香港住宿不便 路途遙遠影響母嬰健康

手續繁多 擔心被拒絕入境

Part One

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4.1 Reasons

Question 5 Question 6

對“產子一條龍”中介機構的看法

39.0%

50.0%

56.1%

50.0%

4.9%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

內地孕婦(沒來港)

內地孕婦(已來港)

沒聽說過 聽說過,但沒去過 打算去 去過

對大陸孕婦赴港產子所持的立場

14.6% 39.0%

40.9%

14.6%2.4%

43.9%

59.1%

7.3% 36.6% 39.0%

2.4%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

內地孕婦(沒來港)

內地孕婦(已來港)

香港孕婦

非常支持 支持 無所謂 反對 強烈反對

4.2 Attitudes

Part One

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4.2 Attitudes

Question 8Question 7

香港孕婦對大陸人的整體印象

很好, 7.3%

好, 7.3%

很差, 4.9%

不好, 4.9%

一般, 75.6%

很好 好 一般 不好 很差

大陸孕婦來港產子風潮是否會是長期現象

12.8%

18.2%

7.3%

22.7%

26.8%

82.1%

59.1%

65.9%

5.1%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

內地(未來港)孕婦

內地(已來港)孕婦

 香港孕婦不知道

短期現象

長期現象

Part One

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4.2 Attitudes

Question 10Question 9

香港孕婦對本地媒體報道的看法

41.5%

36.6%

4.9%

17.1%

報導積極且客觀,為本地孕婦及香港社會爭取權益

報導積極,但對大陸孕婦的權益關注程度和報導不夠

報導不積極,對本地孕婦的權益關注程度和報導不夠

不清楚

4.3 Impacts

大量大陸孕婦赴港產子,會令香港孕婦的權益:

2.4%

25.0%

73.2%

50.0%

70.0%

17.1%

50.0%

7.3%

5.0%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

內地孕婦(沒來港)

內地孕婦(已來港)

 香港孕妇

極度受損 部分受損 沒影響 有部分好處

Part One

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4.3 Impacts

Question 11

大量大陸孕婦赴港生子給香港帶來的負面影響

82.5%

57.1%

70.0%

60.0%

81.0%

77.5%

57.5%

65.0%

80.0%

67.5%

32.5%

35.0%

28.6% 23.8% 23.8%

內地孕婦(沒來港)

內地孕婦(已來港)

 香港孕妇

佔用醫院資源部分內地產婦不做產前檢查,增加醫院醫療風險部分內地孕婦生產後拖欠醫療費,增加香港政府財政壓力佔用香港社會福利和公共資源(包括醫療、教育、房屋、社會福利)帶來香港人口的不穩定因素

Part One

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4.3 Impacts

Question 12

大量大陸孕婦赴港生子給香港帶來的好處

90.0%

66.7%

72.5%

62.5%

71.4%

65.0%

71.4%

75.0% 52.5%

37.5%

27.5%25.0%

19.0%

17.5%

19.0%

內地孕婦(沒來港)

內地孕婦(已來港)

 香港孕妇

增加香港醫療收入 幫助提高香港出生率 緩沖香港人口老齡化問題令香港人口結構多元化 促進在港消費

Part One

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4.3 Impacts

Question 13

內地孕婦在港產子對香港孕婦造成的直接影響

63.4%

82.9%

14.6%9.8%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

醫院床位緊張,令預訂床位出現困難

增長了輪候產前檢查的時間

需要從公立醫院轉入私立醫院,令醫療費用增加

並無直接影響到過我的切身利益

Part One

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4.4 Choices

Question 14

內地孕婦(沒來港)來港產子的可能性

有一定可能, 51.2%

不知道, 9.8%

不大可能, 7.3%

非常有可能, 9.8%

完全没有可能, 22.0%

非常有可能 有一定可能 不知道不大可能 完全没有可能

Question 15

內地孕婦在香港所生孩子的去留問題

回大陸, 9.1%

留香港, 9.1%

看情況, 9.1%

先回大陆,再来港受教育,

72.7%

回大陸

留香港

先回大陸,再來港受教育看情況

Part One

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Question 16

4.4 Choices

大陸孕婦在港所生孩子出生後會遇到的問題

17.5%

22.7%

27.5%

4.5%

35.0%

63.6%

20.0%

9.1%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

內地孕婦(沒來港)

內地孕婦(已來港)

在港生活及教育成本高昂

孩子返回大陸後不能享受大陸的諸多福利政策(包括醫療、教育、房屋、社會福利等)

孩子返回大陸後缺乏社會文化認同感

孩子在港生活,長期與父母分離

Part One

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4.5 Solutions

Question 17

提供預約證明對抑制內地孕婦赴港產子是否有效

2.4%

68.3%

78.0%

90.9%

28.8%

19.5%

9.1%

49.0%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

內地(未來港)孕婦

內地(已來港)孕婦

 香港孕婦有顯著效果

有一定效果

效果甚微

Part One

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Question 18

4.5 Solutions

提高分娩套餐價格對抑制內地孕婦赴港產子是否有效

12.2%

4.5%

9.8%

61.0%

81.8%

70.7%

22.0%

9.1%

19.5%

4.9%

4.5%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

內地(未來港)孕婦

內地(已來港)孕婦

 香港孕婦 有顯著效果

有一定效果

效果甚微

無效

Part One

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Question 19

4.5 Solutions

對香港政府出臺新政的看法

80.5%

45.5%

12.2%

40.9%

7.3%

13.6%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

內地孕婦(沒來港)

內地孕婦(已來港)

可以理解,香港政府應該控制赴港生子人數不可理解,香港政府誇大了事態的嚴重性不太清楚

Part One

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Question 20

4.5 Solutions

香港孕婦眼中的解決之道

72.5%

32.5%37.5%

15.0%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

修改基本法第24條

香港政府加大力度,從入境口岸阻截大陸孕婦入境

大陸改善本身的政策及福利

不可能解決

Part One

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4.6 Family Income VS the possibility of giving birth in Hong Kong

Part Two

Part Two

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4.7 Having Relatives VS the possibility of giving birth in Hong Kong

Part Two

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4.8 Pregnant Time VS the possibility of giving birth in Hong Kong

Part Two

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4.9 After Born Problems VS Choices

Part Two

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5.5 New Policies and Solutions

5.2 Attitude toward Mainland Pregnant Women Influx

5.3 Impacts of Mainland Pregnant Women Influx

5.4 Choices of the Mainlander Pregnant Women

5.1 Reasons behind the HK mainlander baby boom

5. Findings

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5. Findings

The biggest attraction to give birth in HK is the permanent residency status and advanced medical service rather than dodging “one-family-one-child” policy.

Travel and service agencies for mainland pregnant women to give birth in HK are not playing a big role in the subject matter.

5.1 Reasons

5.2 Attitude

Most HK pregnant women are against the mainland mothers flooding into HK.

The overwhelming majority of mainland pregnant women are either in favor of it or taking a neutral stand.

Majority of the respondents from all the three parties think this phenomenon is going to last for a long time.

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5. Findings

Many local pregnant women think that the local media should have given more reports covering the rights and situations of mainland pregnant women during their stay in HK.

5.3 Impacts

Most respondents from all three parties agree that the mainlander baby boom in HK damages the rights of local pregnant women.

The biggest complaint from local mothers is that many mainland pregnant come to HK hospitals without pre-delivery checkup which increases the risk of hospitals.

Many HK women believe it can increase birth rate or buffer HK’s population aging problem, while mainland not.

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5. Findings

5.4 Choices

The appeal for mainland mothers to give birth in Hong Kong is still very strong though new measure issued by HK government.

Majority of mainland pregnant women will take the children back to mainland and then come back to HK for education.

5.5 New Policies and Solutions

Hong Kong pregnant women’s feedback toward this new policy is quite positive.

Most mainland pregnant women believe that booking ahead for a hospital within 7 months of pregnancy is effective but raising the obstetric package charges not so forceful.

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5. Findings

Most HK pregnant women expect the government to modify Article 24 of the Basic Law

Expect that the mainland central government cooperates with the HK government to resolve the problem joint-handedly.

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6. Limitations

Sample sizeDrawback of face-to-face research

Sampling method

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6.1 Sample Size is Small

Target size: 60

Actual size:107

Reasons:

6-8 weeks to get the Hospital’s permission

Sensitivity of the subject

6.2 Sample Method

Non-probability Sampling

Not representative enough

Lack in equal chance of being selected

Interviewer’s bias may exist

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6.3 Drawback of face to face research

Questions like:

“whether this is your first child to be born”

“your child born here will stay in HK or go back to the mainland”

Sensitive may not reflect their real opinions in front of strangers.

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7.1 Current Situation of the Issue

7. Current Situation and Future Development

•Since the new policy has been launched from February 2007, the number of mainland pregnant women influx decreased by 32%, comparing to the same time of last year. •Most of them have made appointment with hospitals. •It seems that the new policies are effective in controlling the number of mainland pregnant women coming to give birth in HK.

----the director of Health, Welfare and Food Bureau of the Government of the Hong Kong Specail Adiministrative Region

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7.2 Mainlander Baby Boom – to Control or to Stop?

HK will focus on the management and control rather than blocking them from coming.

From our survey and research, we think the two new policies issued by the HKSAR government are rather wise solutions to this problem.

Increasing charges successfully guarantees the income of hospitals despite the decrease in the number of pregnant women from the mainland.

7. Current Situation and Future Development

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7. Current Situation and Future Development

7.3 Rise of new issue with the subject matter

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The issue is becoming more complicated.

HK government needs to revise its polices on the subject matter from time to time to cope with the rise of new problems and new trends.

With the deepening of relationship in various aspects between HK and the mainland, the mainlander baby boom is not only a demographic issue, it is inevitably going to be an economic, political and a cultural issue too.

How the HK government tackles and will tackle with it, we believe, will finally have a profound influence on various aspects of the HK society.

7.3 Rise of new issue with the subject matter

7. Current Situation and Future Development

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Thank you


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