Manifest Destiny
(1840 - 1860)
Manifest Destiny
(1840 - 1860)
ObstaclesObstacles
1.) 1.) Indian Settlements & TribesIndian Settlements & Tribes
- Larger in West; more resistant- Larger in West; more resistant
- Nomadic; harder to - Nomadic; harder to assimilateassimilate to American culture to American culture
2.) 2.) Physical BarriersPhysical Barriers
- Rocky Mountains, Sierra Nevada; deserts- Rocky Mountains, Sierra Nevada; deserts
- Largely unknown/unexplored- Largely unknown/unexplored
3.) 3.) EconomicsEconomics
- Money needed to fund trips;- Money needed to fund trips; for survival for survival
““Manifest Destiny”Manifest Destiny”““Manifest Destiny”Manifest Destiny” John O’Sullivan (1845) John O’Sullivan (1845)
".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federaltive development of self-government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth."
".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federaltive development of self-government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth."
“Myth of West”
- Romance; Adventure
“Myth of West”
- Romance; Adventure
““American Progress” American Progress” by John Gast, 1872by John Gast, 1872
““American Progress” American Progress” by John Gast, 1872by John Gast, 1872
Aroostook “War,” 1839Aroostook “War,” 1839Aroostook “War,” 1839Aroostook “War,” 1839
The only war ever declared by a state.
New Brunswick, CA v. Maine, USA
Cause:
- Boundary dispute; Aroostook County
- Expulsion of French-Canadian lumberjacks
Congress votes; 50,000 troops & $10 mil. to “war”
Gen. Winfield Scott negotiates truce; treaty created
The only war ever declared by a state.
New Brunswick, CA v. Maine, USA
Cause:
- Boundary dispute; Aroostook County
- Expulsion of French-Canadian lumberjacks
Congress votes; 50,000 troops & $10 mil. to “war”
Gen. Winfield Scott negotiates truce; treaty created
Maine Boundary Maine Boundary Settlement, 1842Settlement, 1842Maine Boundary Maine Boundary Settlement, 1842Settlement, 1842
TexasIndependence(1836-1845)
TexasIndependence(1836-1845)
Texas Declaration of Texas Declaration of IndependenceIndependence
Texas Declaration of Texas Declaration of IndependenceIndependence
Key Figures in Texas Key Figures in Texas Independence,Independence, 1836 1836
Key Figures in Texas Key Figures in Texas Independence,Independence, 1836 1836
Sam Houston(1793-1863)
Sam Houston(1793-1863)
Steven Austin(1793-1836)
Steven Austin(1793-1836)
““Lone Star Republic”Lone Star Republic”““Lone Star Republic”Lone Star Republic”
Remember the Alamo!Remember the Alamo!Remember the Alamo!Remember the Alamo!
Davey Crockett’s Davey Crockett’s Last Stand!Last Stand!
Davey Crockett’s Davey Crockett’s Last Stand!Last Stand!
The Battle of the AlamoThe Battle of the AlamoThe Battle of the AlamoThe Battle of the Alamo
General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna recaptures the Alamo
General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna recaptures the Alamo
Overland Immigration to Overland Immigration to the Westthe West
Overland Immigration to Overland Immigration to the Westthe West
Between 1840 &1860, more than 250,000 people made the trek west.
Between 1840 &1860, more than 250,000 people made the trek west.
““The Oregon TrailThe Oregon Trail” ” Albert Bierstadt, 1869Albert Bierstadt, 1869““The Oregon TrailThe Oregon Trail” ”
Albert Bierstadt, 1869Albert Bierstadt, 1869
Trails WestwardTrails WestwardTrails WestwardTrails Westward
The Doomed Donner PartyThe Doomed Donner PartyThe Doomed Donner PartyThe Doomed Donner Party
April, 1846 – April, 1847
April, 1846 – April, 1847
The Oregon Dispute: The Oregon Dispute: 54’ 40º or Fight!54’ 40º or Fight!
The Oregon Dispute: The Oregon Dispute: 54’ 40º or Fight!54’ 40º or Fight!
By the mid-1840s,“Oregon Fever” wasspurred on by thepromise of free land.
By the mid-1840s,“Oregon Fever” wasspurred on by thepromise of free land.
The joint British / USoccupation ended in1846.
The joint British / USoccupation ended in1846.
The Bear Flag RepublicThe Bear Flag RepublicThe Bear Flag RepublicThe Bear Flag Republic
John C. FrémontJohn C. Frémont
The Revolt : June 14, 1845The Revolt :
June 14, 1845
TheMexican War(1846-1848)
TheMexican War(1846-1848)
The Slidell Mission (1845)The Slidell Mission (1845)The Slidell Mission (1845)The Slidell Mission (1845)
Rio Grande declared border of US & Texas
US would paid American claims to Mexico
US would purchase New Mexico for $5 million
US would buy California at ANY price!
Rio Grande declared border of US & Texas
US would paid American claims to Mexico
US would purchase New Mexico for $5 million
US would buy California at ANY price!
John SlidellJohn Slidell
Wilmot Proviso, 1846Wilmot Proviso, 1846Wilmot Proviso, 1846Wilmot Proviso, 1846
Provided, territory from that, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may benegotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted.
Provided, territory from that, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may benegotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted. Congressman
David Wilmot(D-PA)
Congressman David Wilmot
(D-PA)
The Mexican War The Mexican War (1846-(1846-1848)1848)
The Mexican War The Mexican War (1846-(1846-1848)1848)
General Zachary Taylor at General Zachary Taylor at Palo AltoPalo Alto
General Zachary Taylor at General Zachary Taylor at Palo AltoPalo Alto
“Old Rough and Ready”“Old Rough and Ready”
The Bombardment of The Bombardment of Vera CruzVera Cruz
The Bombardment of The Bombardment of Vera CruzVera Cruz
General Scott Captures General Scott Captures Mexico CityMexico City
General Scott Captures General Scott Captures Mexico CityMexico City
“Old Fuss and Feathers”“Old Fuss and Feathers”
Treaty of Guadalupe Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848Hidalgo, 1848
Treaty of Guadalupe Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848Hidalgo, 1848
Nicholas Trist,American Negotiator
Nicholas Trist,American Negotiator
Treaty of Guadalupe-Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848Hidalgo, 1848
Treaty of Guadalupe-Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848Hidalgo, 1848
Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River.
Mexico gave the US California and New Mexico.
U. S. gave Mexico $15 million
Agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico (over $3.5 million)
Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River.
Mexico gave the US California and New Mexico.
U. S. gave Mexico $15 million
Agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico (over $3.5 million)
The Treaty was basically forced on Mexico!
Results of the Mexican War?Results of the Mexican War?Results of the Mexican War?Results of the Mexican War?
1. 17 months; $100 million & 13,000 casualties
2. Forces issue of slavery to center of politics(Mexican Cession; over 1 million acres!)
3. Upset balances of power between N. & S.
4. Created two popular Whig generals who ran for President.
5. Manifest Destiny partially realized.
1. 17 months; $100 million & 13,000 casualties
2. Forces issue of slavery to center of politics(Mexican Cession; over 1 million acres!)
3. Upset balances of power between N. & S.
4. Created two popular Whig generals who ran for President.
5. Manifest Destiny partially realized.
The Mexican CessionThe Mexican CessionThe Mexican CessionThe Mexican Cession
Unresolved Issues&
New Opportunities
Unresolved Issues&
New Opportunities
Free Soil PartyFree Soil PartyFree Soil PartyFree Soil Party
“Barnburners” – discontented northern Democrats.
Anti-slave members of the Liberty and Whig Parties.
Opposition to the extension of slavery in the new territories!
“Barnburners” – discontented northern Democrats.
Anti-slave members of the Liberty and Whig Parties.
Opposition to the extension of slavery in the new territories!
The 1848 Presidential The 1848 Presidential Election ResultsElection Results
The 1848 Presidential The 1848 Presidential Election ResultsElection Results
√
GOLD!GOLD! At Sutter’s Mill, At Sutter’s Mill, 18481848
GOLD!GOLD! At Sutter’s Mill, At Sutter’s Mill, 18481848
John A. Sutter John A. Sutter
California Gold Rush, California Gold Rush, 18491849
California Gold Rush, California Gold Rush, 18491849
49er’s49er’s
California Gold Rush (1849)California Gold Rush (1849)California Gold Rush (1849)California Gold Rush (1849)
Flood of settlers (over 300,00)
Land prices, real estate prices boom
Economies of west grow (supplies, inns, stores)
New Immigrants (Australia, China, Mexico)
In one year, Cali enters US as a free state
Flood of settlers (over 300,00)
Land prices, real estate prices boom
Economies of west grow (supplies, inns, stores)
New Immigrants (Australia, China, Mexico)
In one year, Cali enters US as a free state
Gadsden Purchase (1854)Gadsden Purchase (1854)Gadsden Purchase (1854)Gadsden Purchase (1854) US buys land from Mexico
Mexico needs $$ for war debt
29,000 sq. miles
Finalizes border; railroad connection
US buys land from Mexico
Mexico needs $$ for war debt
29,000 sq. miles
Finalizes border; railroad connection
Territorial Growth to 1853Territorial Growth to 1853Territorial Growth to 1853Territorial Growth to 1853
Westward the Course of Westward the Course of EmpireEmpire
Emmanuel Leutze, 1860Emmanuel Leutze, 1860
Westward the Course of Westward the Course of EmpireEmpire
Emmanuel Leutze, 1860Emmanuel Leutze, 1860
The Pony ExpressThe Pony ExpressThe Pony ExpressThe Pony Express
Between April, 1860 and Nov., 1861.
Delivered news and mail between St. Louis, MO and San Francisco, CA.
Took 10 days.
Replaced by the completion of the trans-continental telegraph line.
Between April, 1860 and Nov., 1861.
Delivered news and mail between St. Louis, MO and San Francisco, CA.
Took 10 days.
Replaced by the completion of the trans-continental telegraph line.
Expansionist America in the 1850sExpansionist America in the 1850sExpansionist America in the 1850sExpansionist America in the 1850s
America’s Attempted Raids into Latin AmericaAmerica’s Attempted Raids into Latin America
Ostend Manifesto (1854)Ostend Manifesto (1854)Ostend Manifesto (1854)Ostend Manifesto (1854)
US bill to invade Cuba; annex to US
Plantation economy
S. argues this as an issue of national security
N. accuses s. of wanting to expand slavery
US bill to invade Cuba; annex to US
Plantation economy
S. argues this as an issue of national security
N. accuses s. of wanting to expand slavery
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