Download pdf - Medicinska hemija -

Transcript
Page 1: Medicinska hemija -

8/13/2019 Medicinska hemija -

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/medicinska-hemija- 1/26

NAZIV JEDINJENJA MOLEKULSKA FORMULA STRUKTURNA FORMULA2-etilheksanon

Frkto!a

Fenilalanin

A"etilsali"ilna kiselina

  #$%&#%O '#(%)O*

JEDINJENJE STRUKTURNE FORMULE DVA IZOMERNA O+LIKA

#is i trans-2-,ten

lko!o.ono/os/at

%i0roksi1ro1ionskakiselina

 #$%O$

#iklo1entan

1

Page 2: Medicinska hemija -

8/13/2019 Medicinska hemija -

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/medicinska-hemija- 2/26

NAZIV JEDINJENJA MOLEKULSKA FORMULA STRUKTURNA FORMULA%eksin

A.i0 3lta.inske kiseline

4ro1ioal0ehi0

As1ara3in

  #(%O2

JEDINJENJE STRUKTURNE FORMULE DVA IZOMERNA O+LIKA

#is i trans 0ihloroheksan

Frkto!o.ono/os/at

Dihloro1ro1ionska kiselina

#&%56O&

Je0an enantio.erni 1aral0otetro!e

2

Page 3: Medicinska hemija -

8/13/2019 Medicinska hemija -

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/medicinska-hemija- 3/26

Page 4: Medicinska hemija -

8/13/2019 Medicinska hemija -

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/medicinska-hemija- 4/26

NAZIV JEDINJENJA MOLEKULSKA FORMULA STRUKTURNA FORMULA

2-.etil,tanal

Deoksiri,o!a

Fenilalanin

A"etilsali"ilna kiselina

#$%&#OO% '#(%)O2*

JEDINJENJE STRUKTURNE FORMULE DVA IZOMERNA O+LIKA

%loro,ten

A.ino1enten

li"eral0ehi0

#%2O% #%O% #%2O%  #$%O$

#iklo,tan

4

Page 5: Medicinska hemija -

8/13/2019 Medicinska hemija -

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/medicinska-hemija- 5/26

Page 6: Medicinska hemija -

8/13/2019 Medicinska hemija -

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/medicinska-hemija- 6/26

NAZIV JEDINJENJA MOLEKULSKA FORMULA STRUKTURNA FORMULA

$-.etil 1enten-5

Dia.i0 kar,onatne kiselineili 999999999999999999999999

Ino!itol

$-A.ino1ro1ano:a kiselina;i<i <e tri:i<alni na!i:=9999999999999999999999999999

 #$%)O$

JEDINJENJE STRUKTURNE FORMULE DVA IZOMERNA O+LIKA

Tato.erni o,li"i a"etona

Mono/os/at

Metil-etil-heksen

#&%>+rO2

7- i 8- o,lik D-ri,o!e

6

Page 7: Medicinska hemija -

8/13/2019 Medicinska hemija -

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/medicinska-hemija- 7/26

NAZIV JEDINJENJA MOLEKULSKE FORMULE STRUKTURNE FORMULE

+en!oe:a kiselina

Ti.in

#istin

Anhi0ri0 a"etatne kiseline

JEDINJENJE STRUKTURNE FORMULE DVA IZOMERNA O+LIKA#ikloheksa0ien

Frkto!o.ono/os/at

li"erol0istearat

#&%52O

7

Page 8: Medicinska hemija -

8/13/2019 Medicinska hemija -

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/medicinska-hemija- 8/26

NAZIV JEDINJENA MOLEKULSKA FORMULA STRUKTURNA FORMULA

2-hloro1enta0ien

A0enin

Fenilalanin

+en!oe:a kiselina

JEDINJENJE STRUKTURNE FORMULE DVA IZOMERNA O+LIKA

2?$ @ 0i,ro.,ten

Ri,o!a

li"erolal0ehi0

#$%)O2

8

Page 9: Medicinska hemija -

8/13/2019 Medicinska hemija -

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/medicinska-hemija- 9/26

Page 10: Medicinska hemija -

8/13/2019 Medicinska hemija -

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/medicinska-hemija- 10/26

JEDINJENJE MOLEKULSKA FORMULA STRUKTURNA FORMULA

$-.etil-,tin-5

4ro1anal

lta.inska kiselina

Anhi0ri0 a"etatne kiseline

#(%O2#l

JEDINJENJE STRUKTURNE FORMULE DVA IZOMERNA O+LIKA

A.ino,en!oe:a kiselina

lko!o.ono/os/at

+tanol

Ri,o!a

  #(%O

10

Page 11: Medicinska hemija -

8/13/2019 Medicinska hemija -

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/medicinska-hemija- 11/26

NAZIV JEDINJENJA MOLEKULSKA FORMULA STRUKTURNA FORMULA2-1ro1il-(-etil heksen

4entanon

Ter"i<alni ,tilalkohol

Akrolein

  #)%52O)

 #%52O

JEDINJENJE STRUKTURNE FORMULE DVA IZOMERNA O+LIKAFrkto!a

Distearo3li"erol.ono/os/at

Na/tol '7 i 8*

#%2O% #%O% #%2O%  '#$%O$*

2-hlor1enta0ien

11

Page 12: Medicinska hemija -

8/13/2019 Medicinska hemija -

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/medicinska-hemija- 12/26

NAZIV JEDINJENJA MOLEKULSKA FORMULA STRUKTURNA FORMULA2-,ro.o-$-.etil,ten

4entanol

#istin

Mli<e;na kiselina

JEDINJENJE STRUKTURNE FORMULE DVA IZOMERNA O+LIKA%eksa0ien

%i0roksi,en!en

li"erol

#$%)O2

12

Page 13: Medicinska hemija -

8/13/2019 Medicinska hemija -

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/medicinska-hemija- 13/26

Page 14: Medicinska hemija -

8/13/2019 Medicinska hemija -

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/medicinska-hemija- 14/26

59 lko!a s1a0a .onosahari0e 'al0ohekso!e* i 1oka!<e re0k"ione oso,ine?<er i.a slo,o0nal0ehi0n 3r194rikaBi 3lko!= Fis"hero:o.?Tholenso:o. i %aCartho:o. /or.lo.9

29 Reak"i<a sre,rno3 o3le0ala <e karakteristi;na !a al0ehi0n 3r19To <e reak"i<a ti1a oksi0a"i<e ire0k"i<e94rikaBi reak"i< na neko. 1ri.<er=

$9 Strktr nkleoti0a ;ine 1rinske ili 1ira.i0inske ,a!e?eerne ko.1onente ri,o!a ili

0e!oksiri,o!a i esterski :e!ana /os/atna kiselina !a #& eerne ko.1onente9

(9Reak"i<o. 1oli.eri!a"i<e a.inokiselina nasta< 1e1ti0i?1oli1e1ti0i i 1roteini94rikaBi /or.lo. 3ltation '3lta.il-"isteil-3li"in*

&9Reak"i<a transi.ina"i<e <e 1renos 5 a.ino3r1e sa a.inokiseline na ketokiselin 1ri ;e. se st:ara<

no:a keto i no:a a.ino kiselina9Zna;a<na <e !a 1renos a.ino3r1e sa <e0n na 0r3 kiselin9

)94rikaBi reak"i< sa1oni/ika"i<e=

9Ge.atski 1rika!an en!i.sk reak"i< ko<a se o0:i<a ,ioloki. slo:i.a 1rikaBi he.i<sko.

 <e0na;ino.=

Dioksia"eton.ono/os/at H li"erinal0ehi0 H AT4 li"erinal0ehi0-$-/os/at H AD4

94rikaBi /or.la.a esen"i<alne :ise .asne ne!asi"ene kiseline=

14

Page 15: Medicinska hemija -

8/13/2019 Medicinska hemija -

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/medicinska-hemija- 15/26

>94rikaBi reak"i< alkohola sa or3ansko. kiselino. na o0a,rano. 1ri.<er

5694rikaBi reak"i< nasta<an<a he.iketala o1te. o,lik

559Reak"i<o. 0e!a.ina"i<e a.inokiselina nasta<999999999999999999999999999999999994rikaBi t reak"i< he.i<sko.reak"i<o. o1te. o,lik9

529 Sekn0arna strktra 1roteina 1re0sta:l<a sta,iln kon/or.a"i< 1oli1e1ti0no3 lan"a ko<a .oBe,iti 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999O:e kon/or.a"i<e sta,ili!irane s 9999999999999999999999999999999 :e!a.a?ko<e se o,ra!<i!.e 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999994rikaBi na ko<i na;in se o,ra!< o:e :e!e9

5$94rikaBi he.i<sko. /or.lo. na;in :e!i:an<a .onosahari0a .olekli saharo!e=

5(94rikaBi /or.la.a !asiene .asne kiseline ko<e la!e sasta: tri3li"eri0a

5&9A0eno!in <e 1o s:o<o< strktri 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999994rikaBi to /or.la.a

15

Page 16: Medicinska hemija -

8/13/2019 Medicinska hemija -

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/medicinska-hemija- 16/26

5)94rikaBi reak"i< nasta<an<a /enolata=

594rikaBi keto i enolni i!o.er ,tanona=

59ili,arna kiselina <e 9999999999999999999999 kiselina9Za3ri<a:an<e. 3,e :o0 i 0a< "ikli;ni anhi0ri094rikaBito he.i<sko. <e0na;ino.=

5>94rikaBi reak"i< 0e!a.ina"i<e /enilalanina

2694rikaBi i o,<asni ti1 3liko!i0ne :e!e .onosahari0nih <e0ini"a .olekli saharo!e9

259likoli1i0i s999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999  4rikaBi strktr 3likoli1i0a o1to. /or.lo.

229#ikli;ni AM4 <e 99999999999999999999999999994rikaBi n<e3o: strktr

2$94rikaBi Fehlin3o: reak"i< sa #-:ita.ino.

16

Page 17: Medicinska hemija -

8/13/2019 Medicinska hemija -

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/medicinska-hemija- 17/26

2(94rikaBi reak"i< oksi0a"i<e 1ri.arno3 alkohola

2&9Reak"i<a o,ra!o:an<a 1ola"etala <e 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999  4rikaBi o: reak"i< o1te. o,lik=

2)9Tri3li"eri0i nasta< reak"i<o. 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999  4rikaBi t reak"i< o1te. o,lik

294roteini se o,ra!< 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 :e!o.94rikaBi to na neko. 1ri.<er

29Frkto!a <e 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999 Sa Fehlin3o:i. rea3enso. 99999999999999999999999 reak"i<94rikaBi treak"i<

2>9Aro.ati;ni alkoholi sa0rBe s:o<o< strktri 99999999999999999999999999999994rikaBi neki aro.ati;ni alkohol9

$694rikaBi na o0a,rani. 1ri.<eri.a reak"i<e re0k"i<e al0ehi0a i ketona9

17

Page 18: Medicinska hemija -

8/13/2019 Medicinska hemija -

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/medicinska-hemija- 18/26

Page 19: Medicinska hemija -

8/13/2019 Medicinska hemija -

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/medicinska-hemija- 19/26

$>94rikaBi reak"i< hi0roli!e neko3 tri3li"eri0a

(69 4rikaBi :alin kat<onsko.?an<onsko. i o,lik ":iter <ona9Ako <e i!oelektri;na ta;ka :alina )?a 1%rast:ora :alina (? ko<e. <e o,lik :alin 1ristan rast:or

(594rikaBi hi0ro3enske :e!e i!.e ko.1le.entarnih 1aro:a ,a!a strktri DNA

(294rikaBi reak"i< 0e!a.ina"i<e a.inokiselina na o0a,rano. 1ri.<er

($9Vinska kiselina <e 0ihi0roksi-0ikar,onska kiselina9I.a 2 asi.etri;na # ato.a i $ i!o.erna

o,lika94rikaBi te i!o.ere

((9Oksi0a"i<o. 1ri.arno3 alkohola nasta< al0ehi0i9Oksi0a"i<o. sekn0arno3 alkohola nasta<ketoni9 4rikaBi to he.i<ski. <e0na;ina.a

(&9Saharo!a <e 99999999999999999999999999S1a0a 999999999999999999999eere !,o3 999999999999999999ti1a :e!i:an<a94rikaBi <e9

19

Page 20: Medicinska hemija -

8/13/2019 Medicinska hemija -

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/medicinska-hemija- 20/26

()9+iretska reak"i<a <e 9999999999999999999999999999Karakteristi;na <e !a <e0in<en<a=9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999994rikaBi o: reak"i< na neko. 1ri.<er9

(94rikaBi reak"i< nasta<an<a tri3li"eri0a 0i1al.itostearata9

(9esen"i<alne :ie .asne ne!asiene kiseline s1a0a< :ita.in 99999To s 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999994rikaBi n<iho:e strktrne /or.le

(>94rikaBi keto-enoln i!o.eri< 1e1ti0ne :e!e

&694rikaBi strktrni. /or.la.a 1ri.arni?sekn0arni i ter"i<alni alkohol

&594rikaBi o,ra!o:an<e 1e1ti0ne :e!e=

Kako <e hi,ri0i!o:an kar,on-ato. 1e1ti0ne :e!e i kako se to o0raBa:a na 1rostorni ras1ore0 ato.a1e1ti0ne :e!e .olekli 1roteina

&29Li1i0i s 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999Nasta< he.i<sko. reak"i<o. 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999994rikaBi t reak"i< he.i<sko.

 <e0na;ino. o1te. o,lik

20

Page 21: Medicinska hemija -

8/13/2019 Medicinska hemija -

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/medicinska-hemija- 21/26

&$94rikaBi reak"i< sa1oni/ika"i<e na 1ri.<er 3li"eroltristearata

&(9A0renalin <e hor.on94o he.i<sko< strktri <e 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999To <eo1ti;ki 999999999999999999999999999 s1stan"a?<er 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999994rikaBi n<e3o: strktr

&&9i,,so:a slo,o0na ener3i<a <e999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999Ona o,h:ata ter.o0ina.i;ke /nk"i<e 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999to se .oBe 1rika!ati <e0na;ino. 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 

Za reak"i<= #'$* H O2'3*  #O'3*9 %6 P -556?& kJ .ol-5

  TS6 P 2)? kJ .ol-5

 6 P

&)9 4rikaBi o,ra!o:an<e 1e1ti0ne :e!e na 1ri.<er 3li"il-"isteina=

&94rikaBi /or.la.a 0eri:ate sali"ilne kiseline

&9Ental1i<e sl<e0e"ih reak"i<a s=

  %2'3*  H O2'3*  %2O'l* % P - 2&? kJQ.ol i P - 2(5?( kJQ.ol  %2'3* H O2'3*  %2O'3* % P - 2(5?( kJQ.ol

I!ra;na< ental1i<e is1ara:an<a i kon0en!a"i<e :o0e9

21

Page 22: Medicinska hemija -

8/13/2019 Medicinska hemija -

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/medicinska-hemija- 22/26

&>9Tiroksin <e 99999999999999999999999994o s:o. he.i<sko. sasta: <e 999999999999999999999999999999999999  4rikaBi n<e3o: strktr9

)69likoli1i0i s1a0a< 3r1 <e0in<en<a 99999999999999999999999999?ko<a se sasto<e i! =9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999994rikaBi n<iho: strktr o1to. /or.lo.9

)29Van-Slkeo:a reak"i<a <e999999999999999999999999999999999999999999?a koristi se !a 999999999999999999999999999999999999

999999999999999999999999999999999999999a.inokiselina.a94rikaBi t reak"i< na 1ri.<er /enilalanina

)$9I!oelektri;na ta;ka neke a.inokiseline <e99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999994ri to.e?n<eno neto-naelektrisan<e <e 9999994rikaBi alanin kat<onsko.?an<onsko. i ":iter-<onsko. o,lik9

)(94ro.<ene ental1i<e !a sl<e0ee reak"i<e s=

  N2'3* H O2'3* NO'3*  % P H>6?( kJQ.ol  NO'3*  H O2'3* NO2'3* %P -2(5?( kJQ.ol

I!ra;na< 1ro.<en ental1i<e 1ri oksi0a"i<i nitro3en nitro3en oksi09

)&9 %olesterol <e999999999999999999999999999999999999999994rikaBi n<e3o: strktr i o,il<eBi # ato.e9

22

Page 23: Medicinska hemija -

8/13/2019 Medicinska hemija -

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/medicinska-hemija- 23/26

))9Felin3o:a reak"i<a karakteristi"na <e !a 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999994rikaBi o: reak"i<na 1ri.<er 3lko!e9

)9Sekn0arn strktr 1roteina sta,ili!ira< 99999999999999999999999999:e!e?ko<e se o,ra!< i!.e 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999a.inokiselina94rikaBi reak"i< na 1ri.<er alanina9

)9Saharo!a <e999999999999999999re0k<e oso,ine?<er 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999994rikaBi strktrno. /or.lo. saharo!9

)9lko!i0na :e!a nasta<e reak"i<o.9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991ri "e. ,lokira 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999994rikaBi reak"i< nasta<an<a 3lko!i0a 1re.a e.i=

  %H

  7-D-lko1irano!a H Metanol 7-D-Metil3lko!i0  -%2O

)9Fos/oli1i0i s1a0a< 3r1 999999999999999999999994rikaBi /or.lo. /os/ati0n kiselin

23

Page 24: Medicinska hemija -

8/13/2019 Medicinska hemija -

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/medicinska-hemija- 24/26

)>9U sasta: ,io.akro.olekla 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999la!e1rinske ,a!e=99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999i1iri.i0inske ,a!e=999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999994rikaBi strktr 1rinskih ,a!a

69Fehlin3o:a reak"i<a karakteristi"na <e !a 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999994rikaBi o: reak"i< na 1ri.<er neke al0o!e

4rikaBi <e0na;ina.a 1lreak"i<?ko<i se ele.ent oksi0irao?a ko<i re0"irao 1ri o:o< reak"i<i

59Ko.1le.entarna ,a!a 3anin <e999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999!,o3 o,ra!o:an<a999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999:e!a i!.e 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999994rikaBi to strktrni. /or.la.a ko.1le.entarnih ,a!a=

29Vita.in A <e 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999994rikaBi n<e3o: osno:nstrktr

$94rikaBi o,ra!o:an<e 1e1ti0ne :e!e na 1ri.<er 3li"in-"isteina=

24

Page 25: Medicinska hemija -

8/13/2019 Medicinska hemija -

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/medicinska-hemija- 25/26

Page 26: Medicinska hemija -

8/13/2019 Medicinska hemija -

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/medicinska-hemija- 26/26


Recommended