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1 Michael Enescu keynote – “From Cloud to Fog & The Internet of Things” – Chicago, LinuxCon 2014 1

Michael Enescu CTO Open Source Initiatives

LinuxCon 2014 – August 21

2 Michael Enescu keynote – “From Cloud to Fog & The Internet of Things” – Chicago, LinuxCon 2014 2

•  What is IoT and Fog Computing

•  How did we get here

•  Where are we going – the “Open” future of IoT

3 Michael Enescu keynote – “From Cloud to Fog & The Internet of Things” – Chicago, LinuxCon 2014


Industries Safety

and Security

Connected Home Energy

B2C Smart Cities

Industry Innovation: Business

Processes and Operations

Networks and Protocols

Data Analytics

Control Systems

Sensors and Devices


7.2 6.8 7.6

50

2010 2015 2020

0

40

30

20

10

Bill

ions

of d

evic

es

25

12.5

Inflection point

Timeline

Source: Cisco IBSG, 2011

50 Billion smart devices Adoption 5x faster than electricity, telephony


Information Technology (IT) Operational Technology (OT)

IoT

Campus Branch Plant Field Data Center

6


•  Storage and Compute declining faster •  Network scales very differently than compute

Sensors will evolve faster than bandwidth Distributed computing more compelling over time

•  Data gravity?

Compute

Storage

Network

Moore’s and Nielsen’s predictions hold


Centralized -> Decentralized

Decentralized -> Centralized

Fixed, role based model

Easier ops model, new apps

New devices, P2P, M2M

Dedicated compute loads

On-Demand, XaaS, AAA

New PIN’s, improved protocols

Mainframe -> Client-Server

Client-Server-> Cloud

Cloud -> Fog / IoT

1st 2nd 3rd Moore Nielsen Prediction

Pow

er +

com

pute

reac

h A

AA

Centralized -> Decentralized


90% of the world’s data created in last 2 years

46 million smart meters in the U.S alone 1.1 billion data points (.5TB) / day A single consumer packaged good manufacturing machine generates 13B data samples/day A large offshore field produces 0.75TB data/week A jet engine produces 20TB flight data/hour


ACTION

SENSORS

DATA

IoT Traffic will grow at 82% CAGR through 2017*


•  Networking is changing 50B+ Devices coming – Immense amount of data No longer about “data transport” Moving to “intelligence about data”: Understanding and taking actions

•  Analytics are changing Massive data => can not move data fast enough to analytics => move analytics to the data Real-time actions => processing compute closer to the source

Next: Two important analytics related technology trends


Unified Platform

Network Compute Storage

CLOUD

STORE ANALYZE ACT NOTIFY


Unified Platform

Network Compute Storage

CLOUD EDGE

STORE ANALYZE ACT NOTIFY


Cloud

Device/Smart Object

North/South Flows East/West Flows Fog

Fog Nodes can be multi-tenant Shared, public or private (like cloud)

Highly virtualized environment Secured & isolated tenants, QoS, workload distribution

Mixed ownership & operation Single entity, federation of agencies

Service Mobility Ability to migrate a running instance from cloud to edge

Fog is the distributed, hierarchically organized platform where the Internet meets the physical world at M2M scale


Future data predicted

•  Data from a sensor exhibits a consistent pattern over

time intervals Analytics, Prediction, Real Time Action

•  Data at the edge (data in motion), moves to the core (data at rest) over time

Adaptive Systems, Machine Learning, Optimization Real Time Data – Sensors/Edge

Achieved data – Gateway/Server

Achieved data – DC/Cloud

T1

T2

T3

Tf Present

……

Time

Compare

Model

Correction

Prediction

Input

Output


Industry Segment Type of Savings Estimated Value Over

15 Years (Billion nominal USD)

Aviation Commercial 1% fuel savings $30B

Power Gas-fired Generation 1% fuel savings $66B

Healthcare System-wide 1% Reduction in System Inefficiency $63B

Rail Freight 1% Reduction in System Inefficiency $27B

Oil & Gas Exploration & Development

1% Reduction in Capital Expenditures $90B

Total $276B

Source: “Industrial Internet: Pushing the Boundaries of Minds and Machines” GE, Nov 26, 2012


•  Like its Cloud predecessor, IoT will be mostly open source

•  Devices: Core, Access, Gateway – mostly Open Source Edge – vectoring fast on Open Source

•  Network: Core, Access, Gateway – Internet, all Open Source Edge – consolidation of protocols, renewed emphasis on robustness, security, privacy

•  New Applications and Services Data Gravity – applications come to data (not the old/other way) – either open or closed … guess who will win?

… and just like in the early days of the dot com The emergence of the new breed of SPs – existential dilemma of the aging utility model



•  New, IoT specific SP’s will emerge

•  All IoT Software will be Open Source

•  Why? Open Source = Credibility Open Source dominates Development Open Source dominates Virtualization and Cloud – Fog (as an extension of it) is no exception

•  And where is Open Source already in the Internet of Things?


[email protected] @michaelenescu

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