Download pdf - M.M. Application Possibilities 15.12 - Autoflame · 6.1 Twin Burner Commissioning ... 15.12.2015 M.M. Application Possibilities Page 1 1 SENSORS 1.1 Gas Pressure Sensor IP 52 NEMA

M.MPoM. App

ossibplicatilities

ion s

M.M. Application Possibilities

Issued by: AUTOFLAME ENGINEERING LTD

Unit 1-2, Concorde Business Centre Airport Industrial Estate, Wireless Road

Biggin Hill, Kent TN16 3YN

Tel: +44 (0)845 872 2000 Fax: +44 (0)845 872 2010

Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.autoflame.com/

Registered Holder: Company: Department:

This manual and all the information contained herein is copyright of

Autoflame Engineering Ltd. It may not be copied in the whole or part without the consent of the Managing Director.

Autoflame Engineering Ltd’s policy is one of continuous improvement in both design and manufacture. We therefore reserve the right to amend

specifications and/or data without prior notice. All details contained in this manual are correct at the time of going to print.

Important Notes

A knowledge of combustion related procedures and commissioning is essential before embarking work on any of the M.M./E.G.A. systems. This is for safety reasons and effective use of the M.M./ E.G.A. system. Hands on training is required. For details on schedules and fees relating to group training courses and individual instruction, please contact the Autoflame Engineering Ltd. offices at the address listed on the front.

Short Form - General Terms and Conditions

A full statement of our business terms and conditions are printed on the reverse of all invoices. A copy of these can be issued upon application, if requested in writing.

The System equipment and control concepts referred to in this Manual MUST be installed, commissioned and applied by personnel skilled in the various technical disciplines that are inherent to the Autoflame product range, i.e. combustion, electrical and control.

The sale of Autoflame’s systems and equipment referred to in this Manual assume that the dealer, purchaser and installer has the necessary skills at his disposal. i.e. A high degree of combustion engineering experience, and a thorough understanding of the local electrical codes of practice concerning boilers, burners and their ancillary systems and equipment.

Autoflame’s warranty from point of sale is two years on all electronic systems and components. One year on all mechanical systems, components and sensors.

The warranty assumes that all equipment supplied will be used for the purpose that it was intended and in strict compliance with our technical recommendations. Auto-flame’s warranty and guarantee is limited strictly to product build quality, and design. Excluded absolutely are any claims arising from misapplication, incorrect installation and/or incorrect commissioning.

Contents 1 SENSORS ................................................................................................................ 1

1.1 Gas Pressure Sensor ................................................................................................................ 1

1.1.1 Mk7 M.M. Valve Proving Schematics .............................................................................. 4

1.1.2 Mini Mk8 M.M. Valve Proving Schematics ...................................................................... 9

1.1.3 Calculating Proving Time and Pressure Change ........................................................... 15

1.2 Oil Pressure Sensor ............................................................................................................... 17

1.3 Air Pressure Sensor ............................................................................................................... 19

1.3.1 Air Pressure Proving ..................................................................................................... 21

1.3.2 Air Pressure Tapped Fitting ........................................................................................... 22

1.4 Steam Pressure Sensor .......................................................................................................... 23

1.5 Water Temperature Sensor................................................................................................... 25

1.6 Outside Temperature Sensor ................................................................................................ 27

2 FLAME SAFEGUARD ............................................................................................... 32

2.1 Burner Control Sequence Diagrams ..................................................................................... 32

2.1.1 Interrupted Pilot – Gas ................................................................................................. 33

2.1.2 Interrupted Pilot – Oil ................................................................................................... 34

2.1.3 Intermittent Pilot – Gas with Post VPS ........................................................................... 35

2.2 Flame Scanner Types ............................................................................................................ 36

2.2.1 IR End View Scanner .................................................................................................... 36

2.2.2 Self-Check End View UV Scanner – High Sensitivity ..................................................... 38

2.2.3 Self-Check Side View UV Scanner – High Sensitivity .................................................... 40

2.2.4 Standard European Side Viewing UV Scanner ............................................................. 42

2.2.5 Standard North American UV Scanner – End Viewing ................................................ 44

2.2.6 Standard North American UV Scanner – End Viewing High Sensitivity ....................... 46

2.2.7 Swivel Mount Assembly ................................................................................................ 47

2.3 Selection Of UV Scanner Types ............................................................................................ 48

2.3.1 UV Installation .............................................................................................................. 49

2.3.2 UV Self Adaptive Pulse Width Modulation ................................................................... 50

2.3.3 Dual Flame Scanner Operation .................................................................................... 51

2.4 Mk7 M.M. Flame Detection Using An External Flame Switch .............................................. 52

2.5 Mini Mk8 M.M. Ionisation .................................................................................................... 52

2.6 No Pre-Purge ........................................................................................................................ 53

2.7 Continuous Pilot .................................................................................................................... 54

2.7.1 Continuous Pilot with Interrupted Pilot Sequence .......................................................... 55

2.7.2 Continuous Pilot with Intermittent Pilot Sequence .......................................................... 56

2.8 Specialist Software – COF .................................................................................................... 57

2.8.1 COF Operation ............................................................................................................. 58

2.8.2 COF Lockout Messages ................................................................................................ 58

3 HAND, LOW FLAME HOLD AND AUTO ................................................................... 59

3.1 Hand Operation ................................................................................................................... 59

3.2 Low Flame Hold .................................................................................................................... 59

3.3 Auto Operation .................................................................................................................... 59

4 PID CONTROL ....................................................................................................... 60

4.1 Proportional Band ................................................................................................................ 60

4.2 Integral Control .................................................................................................................... 61

4.3 Derivative Control ................................................................................................................. 62

4.4 PID Control Considerations ................................................................................................... 63

5 INTELLIGENT BOILER SEQUENCING ....................................................................... 65

5.1 Sequencing Schematics......................................................................................................... 66

5.1.1 Sequencing Connection Diagram ................................................................................. 66

5.1.2 D.T.I. Connection Diagram ........................................................................................... 67

5.1.3 Hot Water Example ...................................................................................................... 68

5.1.4 Single/ Twin Burner Examples ...................................................................................... 69

5.1.5 IBS Communications ..................................................................................................... 70

5.2 Sequencing Options and Parameters ................................................................................... 71

5.2.1 Relevant Mk7 M.M. Options and Parameters .............................................................. 71

5.2.2 Relevant Mini Mk8 M.M. Options and Parameters ...................................................... 75

5.3 Hot Water Sequencing ......................................................................................................... 78

5.3.1 Implementing Hot Water Sequencing ........................................................................... 78

5.3.2 Two Port Valve Operation ............................................................................................ 79

5.4 Steam Sequencing ................................................................................................................ 80

5.4.1 Warming Steam Boilers ................................................................................................ 80

5.4.2 Implementing Steam Sequencing .................................................................................. 80

5.4.3 Low Pressure Steam Sequencing................................................................................... 82

5.5 Troubleshooting – Sequencing ............................................................................................. 83

6 TWIN BURNER OPERATION – MK7 M.M. ............................................................... 84

6.1 Twin Burner Commissioning .................................................................................................. 84

6.2 Normal Operation ................................................................................................................ 84

6.3 Twin Burner with Water Level Control .................................................................................. 86

6.4 Twin Burner with E.G.A. ........................................................................................................ 87

6.5 Twin Burner External Modulation ......................................................................................... 88

6.6 Connection Between Mk7 M.M. Modules for Twin Burner ................................................... 89

1 Sensors

15.12.2015 M.M. Application Possibilities Page 1

1 SENSORS

1.1 Gas Pressure Sensor

IP 52 NEMA 5 Housing & Lid Aluminium Power Consumption 0.1 Watts Mounting In line as shown. Differential pressure hole away from any water source.

Part No. Min. Pressure Max. Pressure Zero Range

mbar “wg PSI mbar “wg PSI mbar “wg PSIMM80006 12.5 5 0.18 65 25 1 -2.5 to 1.25 -1.0 to 0.5 -0.04 to 0.02MM80008 52 25 0.75 340 135 5 -12.5 to 6.25 -5.0 to 2.5 -0.2 to 0.1MM80011 115 50 1.8 750 300 11 -30 to 15 -12.0 to 6.0 -0.44 to 0.22MM80012 207 83 3 1380 550 20 -55 to 27.5 -22.0 to 11.0 -0.8 to 0.4

Gas Sensor Mk7 M.M. Mini Mk8 M.M.Yellow T35 / Green T36 / Blue T33 T48 Red T34 T49 Brown / T29 Purple / T30

Connect screen at only one end.

Socket

Plug

Circuit board

Pressure switching unit

Sealing O-rings

1/8” NSP Nylon plug with breather hole

Quick connection screened flying lead (1.5m) Plug ¼” Tapered male nipple

Drawing No. 9004

47.5mm(1.87”)

26.5mm(1.04”)

17.9mm(0.71”)

9.50mm(0.38”)

Ø42mm(1.65”)

50mm(1.97”)

1.5m core cable

38mm(1.50”)

72.9mm(2.87”)

59mm(2.32”)

9.5mm(0.37”)

18mm(0.71”)

1 Sensors

Page 2 M.M. Application Possibilities 15.12.2015

Gas Pressure Sensor

1 Sensors


Mk7 M.M. If the Valve Proving System (VPS) facility is to be used then specific options/parameters must be set. Option/Parameter Mk7 M.M. 124 Gas valve proving pressure sensor type 125 Gas valve proving & high/low limits fuel 1 128 Gas valve proving & high/low limits fuel 4 129 VPS operation 130 Gas valve proving 131 Gas pressure units 132 Gas valve proving time 133 Maximum change allowed during proving time134 VPS valve opening time 136 Gas pressure switch – offset lower limit 137 Gas pressure switch – offset upper limit Mini Mk8 M.M. If the Valve Proving System (VPS) facility is to be used then specific options/parameters must be set. Option/Parameter Mini Mk8 M.M. 125 Fuel pressure sensor mode – fuel 1 126 Fuel pressure sensor mode – fuel 2 128 VPS sensor type 129 VPS operation 130 Gas valve configuration 131 Gas pressure units 132 Gas valve proving time 133 Maximum change allowed during proving time134 VPS valve opening time 136 Gas pressure switch – offset lower limit 137 Gas pressure switch – offset upper limit 156 Terminal T82 function

IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE COMMISSIONING ENGINEERS TO ENSURE THAT THE RELEVANT VALVE PROVING SYSTEM STANDARDS ARE ADHERED TO.

1 Sensors


1.1.1 Mk7 M.M. Valve Proving Schematics

VPS and High/low Pressure Limits using Autoflame Gas Pressure Sensor (3 valves) Option/ parameter 124 to the sensor (pressure range) being used Option/ parameter 125 (128 if fuel 4) to 1 Option/ parameter 130 to 1 or 2 High/low Pressure Limits using Autoflame Gas Pressure Sensor (3 valves) Option/ parameter 124 to the sensor (pressure range) being used Option/ parameter 125 (128 if fuel 4) to 3 Option/ parameter 130 to 1 or 2 Note: Please refer to page 3 for full list of VPS options/parameters.

1 Sensors


VPS and High/low Pressure Limits using Autoflame Gas Pressure Sensor (2 valves) Option/ parameter 124 to the sensor (pressure range) being used Option/ parameter 125 (128 if fuel 4) to 1 Option/ parameter 130 to 0 High/low Pressure Limits using Autoflame Gas Pressure Sensor (2 valves) Option/ parameter 124 to the sensor (pressure range) being used Option/ parameter 125 (128 if fuel 4) to 3 Option/ parameter 130 to 0 Note: Please refer to page 3 for full list of VPS options/parameters.

1 Sensors


VPS and High/low Pressure Limits using Autoflame Gas Pressure Sensor (3 valves, single valve pilot) Option/ parameter 124 to the sensor (pressure range) being used Option/ parameter 125 (128 if fuel 4) to 1 Option/ parameter 130 to 4 or 5 High/low Pressure Limits using Autoflame Gas Pressure Sensor (3 valves, single valve pilot) Option/ parameter 124 to the sensor (pressure range) being used Option/ parameter 125 (128 if fuel 4) to 3 Option/ parameter 130 to 4 or 5 Note: Please refer to page 3 for full list of VPS options/parameters.

1 Sensors


VPS and High/low Pressure Limits using Autoflame Gas Pressure Sensor (2 valves, single valve pilot) Option/ parameter 124 to the sensor (pressure range) being used Option/ parameter 125 (128 if fuel 4) to 1 Option/ parameter 130 to 3 High/low Pressure Limits using Autoflame Gas Pressure Sensor (2 valves, single valve pilot) Option/ parameter 124 to the sensor (pressure range) being used Option/ parameter 125 (128 if fuel 4) to 3 Option/ parameter 130 to 3 Note: Please refer to page 3 for full list of VPS options/parameters.

1 Sensors


External VPS Option/ parameter 125 (128 if fuel 4) to 4

1 Sensors


1.1.2 Mini Mk8 M.M. Valve Proving Schematics

VPS and High/low Pressure limits using Autoflame Gas Pressure Sensor (3 valves) Option/ parameter 125 (126 if fuel 2) to 1 Option/ parameter 128 to 1 Option/ parameter 130 to 1 or 2 High/low Pressure Limits using Autoflame Gas Pressure Sensor (3 valves) Option/ parameter 125 (126 if fuel 2) to 2 Option/ parameter 128 to 1 Option/ parameter 130 to 1 or 2 Note: Please refer to page 3 for full list of VPS options/parameters.

1 Sensors


VPS and High/low Pressure limits using Autoflame Gas Pressure Sensor (2 valves) Option/ parameter 125 (126 if fuel 2) to 1 Option/ parameter 128 to 1 Option/ parameter 130 to 0 High/low Pressure Limits using Autoflame Gas Pressure Sensor (2 valves) Option/ parameter 125 (126 if fuel 2) to 2 Option/ parameter 128 to 1 Option/ parameter 130 to 0 Note: Please refer to page 3 for full list of VPS options/parameters.

1 Sensors


VPS and High/low Pressure limits using Autoflame Gas Pressure Sensor (3 valves, single valve pilot) Option/ parameter 125 (126 if fuel 2) to 1 Option/ parameter 128 to 1 Option/ parameter 130 to 4 or 5 High/low Pressure Limits using Autoflame Gas Pressure Sensor (3 valves, single valve pilot) Option/ parameter 125 (126 if fuel 2) to 2 Option/ parameter 128 to 1 Option/ parameter 130 to 4 or 5 Note: Please refer to page 3 for full list of VPS options/parameters.

1 Sensors


VPS and High/low Pressure limits using Autoflame Gas Pressure Sensor (2 valves, single valve pilot) Option/ parameter 125 (126 if fuel 2) to 1 Option/ parameter 128 to 1 Option/ parameter 130 to 3 High/low Pressure Limits using Autoflame Gas Pressure Sensor (2 valves, single valve pilot) Option/ parameter 125 (126 if fuel 2) to 2 Option/ parameter 128 to 1 Option/ parameter 130 to 3 Note: Please refer to page 3 for full list of VPS options/parameters.

1 Sensors


VPS using a Low Pressure Switch Option/ parameter 125 (126 if fuel 2) to 1 Option/ parameter 128 to 0 Option/ parameter 156 to 1

1 Sensors


External VPS Option/ parameter 125 (126 if fuel 2) to 3

1 Sensors


1.1.3 Calculating Proving Time and Pressure Change

The following formulae may be used for calculating the proving time and pressure change allowed. They are based on DVGW requirements of a leakage rate of 0.1% of the maximum volume flow. Valve Proving Time:

41000

1

Vpt - Valve proving time in seconds. Ip - Inlet pressure in millibars. Pv - Pipe volume in litres (volume = πr2 x length, total volume of any interconnecting pipe

between valve seals) Mtp - Maximum gas throughput in litres per hour.

Pressure change:

0.25 Example Valve proving time:

Inlet pressure = 50mBar Pipe volume = 5litres Max gas flow = 100,000litres per hour

450 5

100,000 10001

14

Set option 132 = 15 seconds.

Set parameter 132 = 15 seconds. Note: option 132 is set in increments of 5 seconds, values must be rounded up. Pressure change:

Inlet pressure = 50mBar

0.25 50 Set Option/Parameter 133 = 12.5 mBar

Note: This is a metric formula, therefore imperial units must converted before applying this calculation. To convert PSI to mBar multiply your PSI value by 68.94. To convert Cubic feet to litres multiply your Cubic feet value by 28.31 To convert Cubic feet per hour to litres multiply your Cubic feet per hour value by 28.31

1 Sensors


Figure 1.1.3.i Gas Valve Proving Diagram

Figure 1.1.3.i shows the sequence for the Autoflame gas valve proving and high/low pressure limits using an Autoflame gas sensor.

1 Sensors


1.2 Oil Pressure Sensor

Oil Sensor Mk7 M.M. Green (2) T35 Blue (3) T33 Red (1) T34

IP 65 NEMA 4 Torque setting Max 25Nm O-Ring material Viton Storage Temperature -25 to 85degC (-13 to 185degF) Operating Temperature -25 to 85degC (-13 to 185degF) Media Temperature -25 to 125degC (-13 to 257degF) Operating Range 0 to 40 Bar (0 to 600 PSI) Over Pressure Rating 80 Bar (1160 PSI) Burst Pressure Rating 290 Bar (4350 PSI) Maximum 2.5mm flat blade screw driver for electrical connection. Plug fits correctly in one position only, do not force. Do not use case to tighten pressure connection.

19mm (¾”) across flats

¼” NPT

Drawing No. 9002

1 Sensors


Oil Pressure Sensor Note: Flying lead supplied length 1.5m (PMA 1m).

68.5mm (2.70”)

55.4mm (2.18”)

1/4” NPT

1 Sensors


1.3 Air Pressure Sensor

IP 52 NEMA 5 Housing & Lid Aluminium Power Consumption 0.1 Watts Mounting In line as shown. Differential pressure hole away from any water source.

Part No.

Min. Pressure Max. Pressure Zero Range mbar “wg PSI mbar “wg PSI mbar “wg

MM80005 -0.75 0.3 0 65 25 1 -2.5 to 1.25 -1 to 0.5MM80013 -1.5 0.6 0 130 50 2 -5 to 2.5 -2 to 1

Air Sensor Mk7 M.M. Mini Mk8 M.M.Yellow T31 / Green T32 / Blue T33 T48 Red T34 T49 Brown / T29 Purple / T30

Connect screen at only one end.

Socket

Plug

Circuit board

Pressure switching unit

Sealing O-rings

1/8” NSP Nylon plug with breather hole

Quick connection screened flying lead (1.5m) Plug ¼” Tapered male nipple

Drawing No. 9005

1 Sensors


Air Pressure Sensor

47.5mm(1.87”)

26.5mm(1.04”)

17.9mm(0.71”)

9.50mm(0.38”)

Ø42mm(1.65”)

50mm(1.97”)

1.5m core cable

38mm(1.50”)

72.9mm(2.87”)

59mm(2.32”)

9.5mm(0.37”)

18mm(0.71”)

1 Sensors


1.3.1 Air Pressure Proving

Pressure sensors are dual channel and self-check. Note:

1. Position 2 must be 0.25”wg (0.62mBar) higher than position 1 2. Minimum pressure in normal run mode must be higher than position 2 3. Position 8 must be set equal to position 2 or higher 4. Default settings for minimum and maximum is 15% above and below entered value

1 Sensors


1.3.2 Air Pressure Tapped Fitting

The Autoflame Air Pressure Sensor is supplied with a negative pressure port. This can be removed and installed as shown below, to measure a differential pressure. This is only necessary where the air pressure at low fire is below 0.4" w.g. or 1 mbar or when it is a local code requirement.

For the Mk7 M.M., See Options 145 to 149 in Mk7 M.M. Installation and Commissioning Guide. For the Mini Mk8 M.M., see Options 146 to 149 in Mini Mk8 M.M. Installation and Commissioning Guide.

15.12.2

1.4

ForDo

IP NEMA Torque SO-ring mMax stoMax opeMedia te Part No MM100MM100MM100

Plug fits Do not uMaximu

2015

Steam Pr

r correct opo not instal

Setting material rage temp erating tempemp (steam)

Actual 010 3.0 – 5008 3.0 – 3009 30 – 5

correctly in ouse case to tigm 2.5mm fla

Drawing No

ressure Se

peration thel an isolatio

p

Range 55.0 PSI (0-3330 PSI (0-2

550 PSI (0-38

one position ghten pressu

at blade screw

1

o. 9033

M.M. Ap

ensor

Steam PrGrBR

e detector mon valve be

65 4 15-20Nm Viton -25°C to +8-25°C to +8-25°C to +8

O3.80bar) 13.0bar) 7

8.0bar) 1

only, do not re connectiowdriver for e

27mm

1/4” NPTT

1 Sensors

pplication Po

ressure Sensoreen (2) lue (3)

Red (1)

must be insetween the

85 °C 85 °C 85 °C

Over Pressure16 PSI (8ba

725 PSI (50b160 PSI (80

force. on. electrical con

PG 7 C

(1 1/16”) a

ossibilities

or M.M.T38 T37 T39

stalled withe detector a

e Burst r) 174 P

bar) 10870bar) 1450

nnections

Cable Entry

across flats

h a pressurand the pre

Pressure PSI (12bar)

7 PSI (75bar)0 PSI (100ba

re siphon loessure vess

) ar)

Page 23

oop. sel.

1 Sensors


Steam Pressure Sensor

42.2mm(1.66”)

28.7mm(1.13”)

76.7mm(3.02”)

1/4” NPT

84.5mm(3.33”)

15.12.2

1.5

Tempera

B Range: 0

2015

Water Te

ature Sensor Red Blue

0 – 400°C,

Drawing

emperatu

M.M. T38 T37

0 - 752°F.

No. 9034

M.M. Ap

re Sensor

½” BSP

Stainless S

1 Sensors

pplication Po

r

C

P Thread Con

Steel Immers

Wire Conn

ossibilities

Cable Entry 2

nnection

ion Pocket

nections

core Screenn

Page 25

A

CD

B

54mm(2.22”)

11mm (0.43”)

1/2” BSP

1 Sensors


Temperature Sensor

Part No. mm/inches A B C D

MM10006/100 (U) 211.42/ 8.32 185.75/ 7.31 120/ 4.72 100/ 4 MM10006/150 (U) 261.42/ 10.29 235.75/ 9.28 170/ 6.69 150/ 6 MM10006/200 (U) 311.42/ 12.26 285.75/ 11.25 220/ 8.86 200/ 8 MM10006/250 (U) 361.42/ 14.23 335.75/ 13.22 270/ 10.63 250/ 10 MM10006/400 (U) 511.42/ 20.13 485.75/ 19.12 420/ 16.54 400/ 12

1 Sensors


1.6 Outside Temperature Sensor

I.P. RATING 65 NEMA 4 Housing Aluminium Power Consumption Powered by M.M.

Mounting Any Orientation

Outside Temperature Compensation Module

OTC Module M.M. Black T27 Red T28

Sensor Mk7 M.M. Red 19 Blue 20

Fixing Holes

2 Core Screen Cable (2m length)

Plastic Water Tight Conduit (1m length)

Conduit Gland

Aluminium Body (101mm length)

Drawing No. 9021

Drawing No. 9022

1 Sensors


Outside Temperature Sensor

70.10mm(2.76”)

45mm(1.77”)

45mm(1.77”)

30mm(1.18”)

143mm(5.63”)

135mm(5.32”)

102.9mm(4.05”)

83.8mm(3.3”)

50mm(1.97”)

39mm(1.54”)

111.6mm(4.39”)

1 Sensors


Outside Temperature Module

1 Sensors


Outside Temperature Compensation – Mk7 M.M.

Outside Temperature Compensation (OTC) enables the boiler setpoint to be varied according to the outside air temperature, i.e. as the air temperature increases/decreases the boiler setpoint can be altered accordingly. The display shows the current outside temperature, night setback status, minimum setpoint and boiler setpoint. An OTC sensor (MM60007) for standalone and an OTC module (MM70015) for sequenced units is required.

Figure 1.6.i Outside Temperature Compensation Screen – Mk7 M.M.

On the Mk7 M.M. the outside temperature compensation graph is displayed such that the outside temperature scale is from left to right as the outside temperature increases. The limits of operation of this feature can be set through the Options menu. To enable OTC for an individual M.M. select option 80 to1; if using OTC for multiple M.M.s in sequence, then set option 80 to 2 on all the lag M.Ms.

Maximum boiler required setpoint at minimum outside temperature (option 81). Minimum outside temperature (option 82). Minimum boiler required setpoint at maximum outside temperature (option 83). Maximum outside temperature (option 84). Night Setback is activated by an input on Terminal 93 and reduces the required setpoint by a

value (option 85). Minimum setpoint (option 79). This sets the minimum required setpoint independent from

option 83 and without changing the range that is set for the OTC. Adjust errors in the OTC sensor reading (parameter 88)

Note: If the actual outside temperature exceeds the boundaries set in options 82 and 84, the boiler setpoint will remain at the maximum or minimum setpoints specified by options 81 and 83 or 79.

1 Sensors


Outside Temperature Compensation – Mini Mk8 M.M.

Figure 1.6.ii Outside Temperature Compensation Screen – Mini Mk8 M.M.

The Mini Mk8 M.M. uses both the OTC sensor (MM60007) and the OTC module (MM70015) for Outside Temperature Compensation. The following options/parameters need to be set:

Option 80 enables/disables outside temperature compensation Option 81 sets the required setpoint at the minimum outside temperature Option 82 sets the minimum outside temperature Option 83 sets the required setpoint at the maximum outside temperature Option 84 sets the maximum outside temperature

Note: The night setback function on the Mini Mk8 M.M. does not require outside temperature compensation to be enabled, like with the Mk7 M.M. To set night setback offset, set option 85 and option/parameter 154; an input is required on Terminal 80. Note: When using the OTC module with a D.T.I., the module is connected on the same data bus driver as the D.T.I.

2 Flame Safeguard


2 FLAME SAFEGUARD

2.1 Burner Control Sequence Diagrams

The time to achieve safety shutdown where a fault is detected is within 4 seconds. The resulting safety shutdown state is defined by the shut-off valve terminals being de-energised. The maximum flame failure response time is 1second. Diagram Notes If VPS is not optioned on the fuel selected, the VPS phases are bypassed. Point idle – this phase is set at power up when no fuel selected on exit from lockout. Point recycle – this phase is set on exit from firing and post purge if VPS has not operated after burner run.

Point post purge – this phase is set only if post purge is optioned. Point standby – this phase is set if VPS has operated after burner run. Normal lockout is reset when either the mains lockout reset input is set for 2 seconds or the display screen lockout reset button is pressed for 2 seconds. Prolonged lockout reset is set if either the mains lockout reset input or display screen lockout reset input is set for 10 or more seconds. Normal lockout is set on exit from permanent lockout reset after 20 seconds and is reset in the normal way. Blue waveforms indicate required condition. Values above/below waveform are time in seconds that the state must be continuously incorrect after which a lockout is set. If the waveform is not bold then the status is not important. The following burner control sequence diagrams are shown with example timings: 3 second window (±1 second) for UV detection for simulated flame 1 second window for UV loss for flame failure 3 second window (±1 second) for CPI loss for CPI input wrong state/ no CPI reset 3 second window (±1 second) for air switch loss for no air proving Drawing No. 7904

2 Flame Safeguard


2.1.1 Interrupted Pilot – Gas

2 Flame Safeguard


2.1.2 Interrupted Pilot – Oil

2 Flame Safeguard


2.1.3 Intermittent Pilot – Gas with Post VPS

Page 36

2.2

2.2.1

Part Num Maximu IP HousingPower CMountin

15v

6

Flame Sc

IR End View

mber: MM 7

m Operating

Consumption ng

Se-

v 0v

anner Ty

w Scanner

70017

g Temperatur

54AlPoAn

rial +

2 F

M.M. Ap

pes

re: 60°C / 1

4 uminium

owered by exny orientation

PG11

condu

Flame Safegu

pplication Po

40°F

xternal 15V Dn so that pho

Per

1 to ½” – PG

uit adaptor

Calcium

½

uard

ossibilities

DC supply oto tube face

IR ScanneYellow (29Green (30Blue (37)Red (39)

Conn

rspex window

Gaske

IR senso

G11

m fluoride len

O-ring

½” BSP socke

s flame

r Mk7 M.9) T29 0) T30

T37 T39

nect screen a

w

et

r

s

g

et

D

15.

.M. Mini MT29 T30 T48 T49

at one end o

Drawing No. 90

12.2015

Mk8 M.M.

nly.

023

1/2” BSP

108.1mm(4.26”)

56mm(2.21”)

67.1mm(2.64”)

PG11 to 1/2” - PG11

Ø57mm(2.44”)

Ø26mm(1.02”)

2 Flame Safeguard


IR End View Scanner

Page 38

2.2.2

Part Num Maximu IP NEMA Power CHousingMountin

D

8

Self-Check

mbers: MM

m Operating

Consumption

ng

Drawing No. 90

End View

M60003/HS

g Temperatur

024

2 F

M.M. Ap

UV Scanne

re: 50°C / 1

54 5 Max 0.5WAluminiumAny orien

Perspex win Gasket UV cell Stepper mot Red LED is Yellow LED Quartz glass

O-rings

1” BSP (1” N

Flame Safegu

pplication Po

er – High Se

22°F

W m ntation

dow

tor housing

PG11 to ½

s UV detectioD is shutter o

s

NPT for /U o

uard

ossibilities

ensitivity

Pad

½” conduit ad

on peration

only)

UV ScanneRed Blue Yellow Green

Connect scr

dle

daptor

15.

r MTTTT

reen at one e

12.2015

M.M. T51 T50 T21 T22

end only.

140mm(5.51”)

94mm(3.70”)

70mm(2.76”)

23.5mm(0.93”)

82.3mm(3.24”)

38.5mm(1.52”)

2 Flame Safeguard


Self-Check End View UV Scanner – High Sensitivity

Page 40

2.2.3

Part num Maximu IP Power CHousingUV Cell

Draw

0

Self-Check

mbers: MM

m operating

Consumption & Lid

wing No. 9025

Side View

M60003/HS/

temperature

5 M

AH

2 F

M.M. Ap

w UV Scanne

/SV

e: 50°C / 12

54 Max 0.5W Aluminium High Intensity

PG

U

P

O

V

UQM

Flame Safegu

pplication Po

er – High S

22°F

y

Perspex windGasket

UV sensor

PG11 to 1/2

O-ring

Viewing tube

UV viewing oQuartz glassMirror

uard

ossibilities

Sensitivity

dow

2” conduit ad

e

opening s

UV ScanneRed Blue Yellow Green Connect scr

daptor

15.

r MTTTT

reen at one e

12.2015

M.M. T51 T50 T21 T22 end only.

70mm(2.76”)

223.6mm(8.80”)

140mm(5.51”)

94mm(3.71”)

23mm(0.91”)

212.1mm(8.35”)

23.5mm(0.93”)

82.3mm(3.24”)

PG11 to 1/2” Conduit Adaptor

Mirror

2 Flame Safeguard


Self-Check Side View UV Scanner – High Sensitivity

2 Flame Safeguard


2.2.4 Standard European Side Viewing UV Scanner Part number: MM60004 Maximum Operating Temperature: 60°C / 140°F IP 54 NEMA 5 Housing Aluminium Power Consumption Powered by M.M. Mounting Any orientation so that photo tube faces the flame [standard european side viewing UV scanner]

UV Scanner M.M.

Red T51

Blue T50 Connect screen at one end only.

Perspex window

Gasket

Two red LEDs show UV detection UV cell PG11 to ½ conduit adapter Viewing tube UV viewing opening Quartz glass Mirror

Note: If wired incorrectly, a limited UV signal will be detected but the LED will not illuminate

Drawing No. 9026

148mm(5.83”)

21mm(0.83”)

67.1mm(2.64”)

165.7mm(6.52”)

56mm(2.21”)

57mm(2.24”)

22.2mm(0.87”)

2 Flame Safeguard


Standard European Side Viewing UV Scanner

Page 44

2.2.5 Part num Maximu IP NEMA HousingPower CMountin

4

Standard N

mber: MM

m operating

Consumption ng

Drawing No.

North Ame

M60004/U

temperature

55APA

9027

2 F

M.M. Ap

rican UV S

e: 60°C / 14

54 5 Aluminium Powered by MAny orientati

Perspex wi Gasket UV cell

TwUV

Quartz gla O-ring ¼”NPT thr

Flame Safegu

pplication Po

canner – En

40°F

M.M. on so that ph

indow

PG11 to1/ conduit ad

wo red LEDs sV detection

ass

read socket

uard

ossibilities

nd Viewing

hoto tube fac

/2” daptor

showing

g

ces flame

UV ScanneRed Blue Connect scr

15.

r MTT

reen at one e

12.2015

M.M. T51 T50 end only.

1/2” NPT thread socket

108.1mm(4.26”)

56mm(2.21”)

PG11 to 1/2” - PG11

67.1mm(2.64”)

Ø57mm(2.44”)

Ø26mm(1.02”)

2 Flame Safeguard


Standard North American European End Viewing UV Scanner

Page 46

2.2.6

Part num Maximu IP NEMA HousingPower CMountin

6

Standard N

mber: MM

m operating

Consumption ng

Drawing No

North Ame

M60004/HSU

temperature

55APA

o. 9027

2 F

M.M. Ap

rican UV S

U

e: 60°C / 14

54 5 Aluminium Powered by MAny orientati

Persp Gask High

Quar O-rin ½” N

Flame Safegu

pplication Po

canner – En

40°F

M.M. on so that ph

pex window

ket

sensitivity ce

Two re UV de

PG con

rtz glass

g

NPT thread so

uard

ossibilities

nd Viewing

hoto tube fac

UVReBlu

C

ell

ed LEDs showetection

G11 to ½” nduit adapto

ocket

g High Sens

ces flame

V Scanner d

ue Connect scree

w

r

15.

sitivity

M.M. T51 T50

en at one en

12.2015

nd only.

ØF

D

E

C

ØA

ØB

2 Flame Safeguard


2.2.7 Swivel Mount Assembly

Dimensions: mm (inches) Part A B C D E F Swivel mount 1” UVM60003

100 (3.94) 50 (1.97) 85 (3.35) 104 (4.09) 36 (1.42) 33 (1.30)

Swivel mount 0.5” UVM60004

100 (3.94) 50 (1.97) 85 (3.35) 86 (3.37) 36 (1.42) 26 (0.99)

2 Flame Safeguard


2.3 Selection Of UV Scanner Types Normal Sensitivity If the distance from the UV scanner to the flame is 500mm (20 inches), the normal sensitivity UV scanner types may be used. MM 60004 Standard Side View MM 60004/U Standard End View The following considerations must kept in mind when selecting a UV scanner,

- Flame size - Flame shape (dependent on the burner used) - Flame intensity (a function of flame size and shape and fuel used) - Flame obstructions

When the signal strength is low, a high sensitivity scanner type might be necessary for distances below 500mm (20 inches). Note: All self-check UV scanners are high sensitivity as standard. High Sensitivity If the distance from the UV scanner to the flame exceeds 500mm (20 inches) a high sensitivity UV scanner type is recommended. MM 60003/HS Self Check End View MM 60003/HS/SV Self Check Side View MM 60004/HSU Standard End View The maximum safe distance a UV scanner can be from a flame is dependent on

- The intensity of UV radiation emitted from the main flame and pilot flame - The geometry of the combustion chamber and available space

This will vary between applications but the maximum distance allowed is 1500mm (6 ft) between a high sensitivity scanner and flame. Note: The above information is based on the results of tests conducted using a laboratory pilot flame supplied from a Bunsen burner of flame size 100x20mm.

2 Flame Safeguard


2.3.1 UV Installation

The end view scanner is show in Figure 2.3.1.i. The size of the flame is allowed for the distance the UV scanner is away from the flame.

Figure 2.3.1.i UV Scanner Installation

2 Flame Safeguard


2.3.2 UV Self Adaptive Pulse Width Modulation

Figure 2.3.2.i UV Timing Diagram

Figure 2.3.2.i shows a timing diagram for the UV signal. After first safety time, voltage is reduced by 5 volts every 500ms. This is providing the flame signal is above the U.V. setpoint. If below the U.V. threshold, voltage will remain at 330 volts. The voltage will not increase during main flame operation. If 5 counts or less have been detected over any 730ms period, the system will invoke a lockout. A short circuit between the two wires connected to the U.V. would produce 3 counts or less. This is the reason for nominating 5 counts as the lockout level. During normal operation, 300 volts would be applied for a 240ms period after the second safety time. This is providing the U.V. signal is above the U.V. setpoint which is set at 25 counts. The setpoint cannot be adjusted. If the UV count is above 25 counts then the time voltage is applied to the UV sensor is decreased by 1 ms every 500 ms. This time is reduced until a maximum of 10ms has been reached. This helps preserve the life of the UV scanner as the time that voltage is applied to the scanner is reduced dramatically. Every 500ms the recorded counts are averaged and displayed on the M.M. screen. Note: When using a self-check scanner the timing reduction resets the minute when the paddle operates.

2 Flame Safeguard


2.3.3 Dual Flame Scanner Operation Mk7 M.M. Dual scanner operation works by using a self-check IR scanner and a self-check UV scanner to detect the flame simultaneously. If one scanner fails to see a flame when there should be a flame, than the Mk7 M.M. will lockout on no flame signal, regardless of whether the other scanner detects a flame. The same goes for a simulated flame lockout only one scanner has to see a flame when there should not be a flame for the Mk7 to lockout. Dual scanner operation is designed to give extra safety to the flame detection system by there being a second scanner to verify that the other scanner is working correctly and is detecting a flame correctly in addition to the self-diagnostics built into the Mk7 M.M. Both scanners work independently in detecting a flame signal so it is not required that the two scanners have to read the same flame signal strength. It is recommended that a good flame signal is found on both scanners to ensure reliable operation of the dual scanners. To enable dual scanner operation Option/Parameter 122 should be set to 3. Also ensure that Option/Parameter 111 is set to 1 for self-check operation of the scanners. There are no special wiring requirements needed the IR and UV scanners should be connected to the Mk7 M.M. as normal. The AGA (Australian Gas Association) standard requires that there are 2 types of technologies checking the flame i.e. the self-check UV scanner and the self-check IR scanner. Please contact Autoflame for more information. Mini Mk8 M.M. Dual flame scanner operation can be used on the Mini Mk8 M.M. like with the Mk7 M.M. The IR and UV scanners can be used simultaneously (option/parameter 122 set to 5), or the IR scanner and ionisation simultaneously (option/parameter 122 set to 6). If one flame scanner does not see a flame when there should not be (and vice versa) then M.M. will lockout regardless of what the other flame is detecting. It is now possible to use separate flame scanners to check the pilot and main flame; ionisation can be used to check the pilot flame, and then the UV scanner can check the main flame. Option/parameter 122 must be set to 7. Ionisation to UV switchover is intended for interrupted pilot – it cannot be used with no pilot.

2 Flame Safeguard


2.4 Mk7 M.M. Flame Detection Using An External Flame Switch To configure operation with a flame switch, option/parameter 122 must be set to 1. The operation of Terminals 85 and 86 must be as follows: When the flame switch indicates no flame, the voltage on Terminal 85 must be 0Vac, and the voltage on Terminal 86 must be mains voltage (110/230Vac). When the flame switch indicates the presence of a flame, the voltage on Terminal 85 must be mains voltage (110/230Vac), and the voltage on Terminal 86 must be 0Vac. Terminal 85 is the functional input for detecting the flame. Terminal 86 is solely for the purpose of checking that Terminal 85 is operating correctly. Terminal 86 must be seen to be the inverse of Terminal 85, i.e. if Terminal 85 is at 0Vac, terminal 86 must be at mains voltage and if Terminal 85 is at mains voltage, Terminal 86 must be at 0Vac. If Terminal 86 does not follow the inverse of Terminal 85 the following lockout will occur – ‘Terminal 86 inverse.’ Note: High purge interlock (parameter #92) will not operate with flame switch. Within the M.M. there is a latency of 250 milliseconds on the monitoring of Terminal 85. To ensure a 1 second overall flame failure response time, it is essential that the response time of the flame switch is set to no more than 750 milliseconds. Flame switches often provide a volt free changeover contact to indicate the flame status. Alternatively, they may provide a pair of `inverse’ outputs. If the flame switch only provides a single output terminal, a relay will have to be installed between the flame switch and the M.M. to provide a set of volt free changeover contacts. 2.5 Mini Mk8 M.M. Ionisation As well as using UV or IR, the Mini Mk8 M.M. can detect a flame using an ionisation signal/flame rod. This is wired into terminal 64 and the cable must be shielded. For ionisation, the flame will be signalled when the rectification voltage is above 30Vdc, the maximum sensed rectification voltage is 540Vdc, above which a Lockout will be generated.

2 Flame Safeguard


2.6 No Pre-Purge

It is possible to minimise the burner start-up time by bypassing the pre-purge. The major advantage of this control means that the overall boiler efficiency is increased by minimising the heat loss to the stack during a purge cycle. This means the burner starts-up quicker therefore reaching setpoint in a reduced time. According to the EN676 European regulation, the burner is allowed to restart without a pre-purge if the burner has recycled due to operational temperature/pressure. When the burner is stopped by a lockout then this procedure is not allowed and the burner will have to start-up as normal with a pre-purge. In order for no pre-purge to be active, valve proving must take place and finish successfully. If this valve proving operation is successful then the burner may start-up without a pre-purge. In order to initiate the no pre-purge feature, option/ parameter 143 must be set to a value of 1. During the first start-up the burner will start with a pre-purge initiated. Once the complete commissioning curve has been entered and the burner has started successfully, the burner will then start-up every time with no pre-purge. If the burner goes above its setpoint and turns off on high temperature/ pressure, then the next time the burner starts-up, it will go through the VPS operation and then light off without a pre-purge, i.e. the burner has shutdown in a controlled manner and the gas valves have been checked for integrity. If a lockout occurs or the burner shuts down in an abrupt manner, e.g. loss of power to the unit, then the next time the burner starts-up a complete purge will be initiated. According to the EN676 regulation, the burner is only allowed to work in this manner if option/ parameter 129 is set to a value of 0, the VPS must operate before the burner starts–up. The start sequence without pre-purge is as follows:

1. Firstly the system goes through its internal tests and relay checks. 2. Call for heat on Terminal 57 activates and the system will go through the VPS operation. 3. If this operation is successful then the M.M. will drive the channels to the light off or start

position. 4. Once all channels reach the start position then the burner will light off.

Note: Pre-purge is only available on fuels 1 and 4 (gaseous).

2 Flame Safeguard


2.7 Continuous Pilot

With the Mk7 M.M. it is possible to enable continuous pilot. When the burner goes above its off differential of the required setpoint, the burner will continue to fire with only the pilot valves energised. The continuous pilot feature is now included as standard in the latest software with BC 7.39. To enable continuous pilot, set option/ parameter 111 to either 3 or 4 interrupted continuous pilot or intermittent continuous pilot. If the burner goes off on high temperature/ pressure, then the pilot will continue to fire for a time period, set in option/ parameter 142. After the time set in option/ parameter 142, if the main flame is not re-established through load demand, the system will shutdown and recycle. Option 108 sets the offset above the required setpoint where during the time period, if the actual temperature/ pressure goes above this value, the pilot will turn off as well. In the situation when the burner switches back to pilot flame the burner will open the pilot valves and after the second safety time (Option 116), the burner will close its main valves. During the hot standby position the gas pressure is checked by the gas sensor, it is important that the main valves and pilot valves are connected with a small measuring pipeline. When burner is ready to go back to main flame the main fuel valves will open and after the second safety time the pilot valves will be closed and the normal operation will start again. When default settings are used, the quickest the M.M. can go from pilot to high fire once the stat comes on is approximately 30 seconds. At the slowest motor travel speed and the maximum timings, it would take approximately 1minute and 30 seconds to from pilot to high fire. Recommend assured low fire shutoff is used with continuous pilot.

15.12.2

2.7.1

No

2015

Continuous

Star

T53 CirMade

Purg

Ignition

Main Valv

Stat Cir

Made

Ignition

Pilot Valv

Stat Cir

Made

Firing

T53 Cir

Made

s Pilot with

rt

rcuit e?

Yes

e

n On

ves On

rcuit

e?

Off

ves On

rcuit

e?

g

rcuit

e? Ye

No

Yes

Yes

2 F

M.M. Ap

h Interrupte

No

es

No

M

Flame Safegu

pplication Po

ed Pilot Seq

Stat Circu

Made?

Move to low

Continuous

Post purg

Main Valves

Yes

Move to Golde

Main Valves

Pilot Valves

uard

ossibilities

quence

uit

w fire

Pilot

ge

s Off

No

No

en start

s Off

s On

ContiPilot exp

T53 C

Ma

Pilot Va

Return

ContiPilot brea

o

inuous t timer

pired?

Circuit

ade?

alves Off

No

Yes

No

to Start

inuous offset

ached?

Page 55

Yes

Yes

Page 56

2.7.2

No

6

Continuous

Start

T53 CircMade

Y

Purge

Ignition

Main Valv

Stat Circ

Made

Ignition

Pilot Valve

Stat Circ

Made

Firing

T53 Circ

Made

N

Y

Y

s Pilot with

t

cuit e?

Yes

e

On

es On

cuit

e?

Off

es On

cuit

e?

g

cuit

e? Ye

No

Yes

Yes

2 F

M.M. Ap

h Intermitte

No

s

No

Mo

Flame Safegu

pplication Po

ent Pilot Seq

Stat Circu

Made?

Move to low

Continuous P

Post purg

Main Valves

Yes

ove to Golde

Main ValvePilot Valves

uard

ossibilities

quence

it

w fire

Pilot

e

s Off

No

No

en start

es & Off

ContinPilot expi

T53 C

Ma

Pilot Va

Return t

ContinPilot obreac

15.

nuous timer red?

Circuit

de?

lves Off

No

Y

Yes

No

to Start

nuous offset ched?

Y

12.2015

Yes

Yes

2 Flame Safeguard


2.8 Specialist Software – COF

Changeover on the fly (COF) software enables up to three fuels to be accommodated. Changing between the fuels is possible without the need to shutdown the burner. The system and burner suitability must be considered for each COF application. COF software is only available on the Mk7 M.M. Hardware Requirements For the COF application the hardware requirements include an Autoflame manufactured control panel housing the following units:

Mk7 M.M. Evolution (with COF software) Digital I/O module modified for COF (modified for COF)

The digital I/O must be set with an ID number # If any other identification number is set then the communications to the M.M. will fail. The M.M. ID (option 33) can be set to any number as usual. Note: Sequencing is not permissible with COF. Communications to the digital I/O module is established via the twin burner Terminals 23/24; twin burner operation is not possible with COF. Operational Components Terminal 89 input selects fuel 1 Terminal 90 input selects fuel 2 Terminal 91 input selects fuel 3 oil Terminal 92 input selects fuel 3 gas Note: Only one fuel 3 can be commissioned gas or oil (input enables fuel flow). Three or four servomotors must be used and all servomotors must be connected at all times.

• Channel 1 must be fuel 1, e.g. gas • Channel 2 must be air • Channel 3 must be fuel 2, e.g. oil • Channel 4 must be fuel 3, e.g. bio gas

If a VSD is optioned then the low flame positions/settings on the drive must be the same for both fuels while the fuel and air positions may vary. An E.G.A. (Exhaust Gas Analyser) can be used but trim can only be selected on channel 2 (air damper) and no trim is available on channel 5 (VSD). COF will not operate if the target ‘change over’ curve is not commissioned. The fuel flow metering or 10 point load index entry is referenced to channel 2 (air). Important Options/Parameters to Set

Option 111 must be set = 0 (interrupted pilot) Option 8 must be set = 2 or 3 for 3fuels Option 69 and 70 must be set = 1 (channel 3 at close for purge position) Parameter 108 = 0 or 1 (pilot off or on during fuel 2 burn)

2 Flame Safeguard


2.8.1 COF Operation Only 1 fuel may be selected during burner start-up. If more than 1 input is selected the M.M. will reset. Once the burner is firing/modulating the appropriate indication output will be set (during commissioning the indication outputs do not operate). Once an indication output is set, COF may be carried out. A ‘non- current’ input must be set for 5 seconds for it to be recognised. Once recognised it must not reset or the M.M. will reset causing the burner to stop. The ‘current’ input may be deselected any time from now on. The changeover will take place. Once the burner is modulating on the new fuel the inputs are looked at again. If two inputs are left permanently set, changeovers will occur repeatedly. If COF is attempted and the target fuel ‘fuel available’ input is reset a COF will not be initiated. If a fuel is burning and its ‘fuel available’ input becomes reset then a lockout is set. The fuel available input for the selected fuel must be set at all times that this fuel is selected. The COF input has to be set for the COF operation to take place. When the COF input is set there is a 5 second filter time on the fuel select inputs to allow the inputs to be switched. When the COF input is reset, the fuel select inputs respond as a standard Mk7 M.M. and stop the burner immediately when deselected. The burner will restart when a fuel is next selected. The proof of closure inputs must be set when a valve is closed and reset when open. All CPI inputs are monitored regardless of which fuel is selected. Please contact Autoflame Technical Support for more information.

2.8.2 COF Lockout Messages Dio ignition check

Input 1 of the digital IO (monitoring the ignition relay) is not in the correct state- the output/relay is apparently on when it should be off or vice versa.

Dio pilot check

Input 2 of the digital IO (monitoring the pilot relay) is not in the correct state- the output/relay is apparently on when should be off or vice versa.

Dio fuel 1 check

Input 3/4 of the digital IO (monitoring the fuel 1 relay) is not in the correct state-the output/relay is apparently on when should be off or vice versa.

Dio fuel 2 check

Input 5/6 of the digital IO (monitoring the fuel 2 relay) is not in the correct state- the output/relay is apparently on when should be off or vice versa.

Dio fuel 3 check

Input 7/8 of the digital IO (monitoring the fuel 3 relay) is not in the correct state- the output/relay is apparently on when should be off or vice versa.

Dio off line There is no communication between the Mk6 control and the digital IO unit.

Fuel 1 loss Fuel 1 available (digital IO input #14) is/has become reset when this fuel is selected.



Fuel 1 cpi The cpi (poc) input for fuel 1 (digital IO input #11) is not in the correct state.



3 Hand, Low Flame Hold and Auto


3 HAND, LOW FLAME HOLD AND AUTO

3.1 Hand Operation

Hand operation enables the firing rate positions to be set to a specific position, in the range of low to high fire, when the burner is firing. Fuel flow metering must be entered. Sequencing will not operate correctly if the M.M. is in hand mode. Mk7 M.M. The Mk7 M.M. will go into hand mode when a voltage is detected on Terminal 94. Once the burner is firing, the hand position can be adjusted by switching to the Status Screen and using the ‘Increase’ and ‘Decrease’ buttons on the Flame screen, under where the current firing rate is displayed. When switching from Hand to Auto the M.M. will stay in the same servomotor positions and will not immediately increase or decrease its firing rate, depending upon the actual and required temperature/pressure modulation resumes after a small time delay. As a default setting (option 60), the next time the system is put into hand operation, the system will take on a fuel/air ratio in the commissioning curve similar to the current firing rate. It is also possible to store a hand position, where by once hand is selected, the unit will modulate to a stored firing rate (see option 60 and set to last hand position). If Hand and Low Flame Hold are selected at the same time via Terminals 94 and 95, then Low Flame Hold takes priority. Mini Mk8 M.M. The Mini Mk8 M.M. has a hand mode button in the Status screen. Once this is pressed, arrows will appear on the screen which can be used to increase and decrease the firing rate. Once the hand mode is deactivated, the M.M. will go to auto mode and fire according to normal modulation. On the Mini Mk8 M.M. the transfer between hand and auto mode is always bumpless. 3.2 Low Flame Hold

Low flame hold is the state when the M.M.’s firing rate goes to its low fire position, while the burner is firing. Fuel flow metering must be entered. Sequencing will not operate correctly if the M.M. is in low flame hold. Mk7 M.M. To put the Mk7 M.M. into low flame hold, put an input on terminal 95. The low fire position will be maintained until the input on terminal 95 is removed. When switching from low flame hold to auto the M.M. will go to the last known auto firing rate. Mini Mk8 M.M. To put the Mini Mk8 M.M. into low flame hold, go to the Status screen and press the low flame hold button, or put an input on terminal 81 (option/parameter 155 must be set to 2). Once out of low flame hold, the M.M. will return to normal modulation. 3.3 Auto Operation The M.M. ‘Auto’ operation enables the burner modulation to maintain the setpoint; the firing rate will modulate according to how far away the actual temperature or pressure is away from the required setpoint. The firing rate is determined from the fuel flow metering entered via option 57; the more accurate the fuel flow metering, the more accurate the firing rate.

4 PID Control


4 PID CONTROL

The standard control algorithm used by Autoflame to control the fuel/air ratio is PID control; Proportional-Integral-Derivative control. The control algorithm compares the actual measured temperature or pressure and compares it to the user specified setpoint temperature or pressure. Depending on the measured and setpoint values, the M.M.’s PID control will then either modulate the burner up or down. The rate of change or speed of the burner modulation in relation to changes in measured temperature or pressure is dependent on the settings of the PID control as stated in the Options and Parameters sections. The PID control action is the sum of the “Proportional” + “Integral” + “Derivative” actions of the PID control. Each contributes to how the 3 term PID control modulates the burner and each operates as outlined below.

4.1 Proportional Band

The Proportional term is specified in option 6 by defining the “Proportional band” (P-Band). The P-Band is simply an offset from the setpoint pressure or temperature. Outside and below the P-Band, the M.M.’s PID control will modulate the burner at maximum flame, upon reaching the P-Band, it will then modulate the burner linearly down (see option 6).

Figure 4.1.i Proportional Band

4 PID Control


4.2 Integral Control

The Integral term is specified in option 7, where the “Integral time”, also known as “Reset time”, is set. Within a threshold of the P-Band, the integral term has the effect of increasing or decreasing the burner firing rate by a specific amount every “n” seconds. The amount the firing rate is adjusted by is specified in parameter 106, the default is 10% of the difference between the measured and setpoint temperature or pressure values, and the time period this amount is added, every “n” seconds, “n” is specified in option 7, the default is 60s. Note: The Mini Mk8 M.M. does not use parameter 106. Option 7 is integral time, for which every ‘n’ seconds, 10% of the present offset from the setpoint is added when below the setpoint, or removed when above the setpoint, to the present proportional value.

Figure 4.2.i Integral Control

(Parameter 48 = 0.8, Integral operation band of P-Band)

4 PID Control


4.3 Derivative Control

The Derivative term of the control system analyses the rate of change in the difference between the measured and set point temperature or pressure. Derivative specific options are set in option 37, 38 and 39. The time interval over which the compared and measured temperature or pressure values are taken is set in option 37, the derivative dead-band or margin above and below the required set point in which no derivative action occurs is set in option 38, and the response sensitivity as a percentage of firing rate increase or decrease is defined in option 39. Note: The Mini Mk8 M.M. does not use option 39. The derivative response sensitivity is set as default to 10% firing rate. The derivative time set via option 37 is the time taken to add/remove additional 10% to the firing rate based on the actual value and the required value.

Figure 4.3.i Derivative Control

NOTE: The derivative action occurs at all points outside of the deadband. This includes within the proportional band.

4 PID Control


4.4 PID Control Considerations

The majority of applications can be controlled adequately using just the Proportional and Integral settings; a PI control setup. By default, the Derivative term is set to zero. This is due, in part, to the aggressive nature this term can have on the control action which makes it suited to a small number of combustion processes. Modification to the settings governing the Autoflame control system should only ever be carried out by qualified combustion engineers. Changes to the Autoflame control system setup has the potential to make the controller operate in an unstable and potentially unsafe manner. Mk7 M.M. Super “I” The advantage of the standard PID was that it was very easy to set up and that in 99% of applications it worked incredibly well. However there are some applications where the “I” control is not enough to achieve a response that enables the control to lock on to the required value. The applications that have required additional “I” control have been water tube boilers where there is a high proportion of heat transfer surface to water volume which results in a low thermal inertia and therefore the need for a more dynamic control response. Super “I” is used in such applications and has the following adjusters and set up features. 1) Deadband – this is accessed via Parameter 105. The range is 0 - 10 and this can be adjusted

in increments of 1. The range of 10 would apply to 10°F, 10°C, 10 psi or 1.0 bar. 2) “I” Offset – this sets the point at which the “Super I” control algorithm is put into operation.

The adjustment of this “I” control setting can be accessed via Parameter 102. The range is 1 to 50. The default value is zero which turns off the “Super I”. The range can be up to 50°C, 50°F, 50 psi or 5.0 bar. The incremental adjustment of this “I” value is 1 (i.e. 1°C, 1°F, 1 psi or 0.1 bar).

3) Speed of integration – the range available in 0-30 seconds. There is no default value. The

adjustment of this “I” control setting can be accessed via Parameter 103. The adjustment of the speed of integration is in 1 second increments.

4) Amount of integration as a degree angular increment – the range of this adjustment is 0 to 5

degrees angular rotation. The range increases in increments of 0.1 degrees angle. The adjustment of this “I” control setting can be accessed via Parameter 104.

NOTE : Please note that the standard PI algorithm turns off its own “I” component when it meets the “Super I” band. Please see the graphical example which sets out to show the interaction between the original P+I control and the additional “Super I” algorithm.

4 PID Control


Figure 4.4.i Super “I” Control

Figure 4.4.i illustrates the Super “I” control.

5 Intelligent Boiler Sequencing


5 INTELLIGENT BOILER SEQUENCING

The objective of Intelligent Boiler Sequencing (IBS) is to ensure that the minimum number of boiler/ burner units are in operation at any one time to satisfy the heat or steam requirement imposed upon the boiler plant, in the case of multi-boiler installations. The benefits from using IBS include an increased savings in electrical costs, a reduction in thermal stress on the lag boilers, and an increase in overall plant efficiency. It is possible on the M.M.s to select steam sequencing, low pressure steam sequencing and hot water sequencing. There are variations of the IBS software that can be selected via the options/parameters procedure: hot water boilers, and steam boilers. A maximum of ten M.M., E.G.A., universal I/O modules may be interconnected by a two wire screened data cable. Any M.M. interconnected may be selected as the lead boiler for the sequencing. The lead boiler is identified by:

1. Connecting a mains voltage onto Terminal 88 (only on the Mk7 M.M.) 2. Selecting Lead boiler in the IBS screen (only on the Mini Mk8 M.M.) 3. Instructing the modules via the D.T.I. module (Data Transfer Interface) or by PC CEMS Audit

software. The sequence order of the M.M.s in the loop can be changed by changing their ID numbers or by changing the order on the D.T.I. if shuffle sequencing is enabled through parameter 101. Sequencing can be used with external load detector and twin burner operation, but it cannot be used with external modulation.



5.1 Sequencing Schematics

5.1.1 Sequencing Connection Diagram



5.1.2 D.T.I. Connection Diagram



5.1.3 Hot Water Example



5.1.4 Single/ Twin Burner Examples

Boiler 1 Boiler 2 Boiler 3

1 2 3

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 2 3 4

Note: Twin Burner operation is not available on the Mini Mk8 M.M.



5.1.5 IBS Communications



5.2 Sequencing Options and Parameters Note: The Options and Parameters must only be changed by factory trained and certified technicians who have a thorough appreciation of the Autoflame combustion systems and the combustion process in general. Any person changing the Options and Parameters who does not have the correct factory training and understanding of these settings/adjustments may place themselves and others in a potentially dangerous situation.

5.2.1 Relevant Mk7 M.M. Options and Parameters

The following tables show the sequencing options and parameters for the Mk7 M.M.

Option N

o.

Facto

ry Setti

ng

Option V

alue

Descriptio

n

3 0 D.T.I. Comms Mode0 Mk6 D.T.I. - 9600bps

1 Mk7 D.T.I. - 19200bps

16 0 Lead/Lag (IBS) and D.T.I.: A lead boiler can be selected by connecting a line voltage to terminal 88

on the appropriate M.M. Only 1 M.M. may be selected as lead boiler at a time, or the sequencing will

not operate. The lead boiler can be selected via the D.T.I. however, for this to be effective all the M.M.

units on the system must have Terminal 88 volt free. Line voltage on Terminal 88 overrides the D.T.I.

command.

0 No sequencing - M.M. units still communicate and can be seen on the D.T.I.

1 Sequencing enabled - M.M. units will respond to sequencing commands. Lead boiler is selected by a

line voltage on terminal 88.

2 Setpoint & enable/disable commands accepted from D.T.I.

3 Both 1 and 2.

Note: Accurate fuel flow metering must be entered for sequencing to operate. A Belden 9501must be

connected between each M.M. unit (see section 1.4 and 1.5 for correct connection).

33 1 M.M. Identification: Each M.M. withina loop must have an individual ID. Communication problems

will occur within an IBS loop or in a twin burner operation if incorrect or same IDs are set for the M.M.s

1 -10 Identification number

34 5 Rating of Burner:1 - 999 See Option 77 for units.

35 10 Sequence Scan Time: This is the time period between sequencing requests from the lead M.M. On

the sequence scan time, the lead M.M. will demand lag burners to be brought online or offline,

depending on load requirements. See Parameters 86 and 87 for change down and up thresholds.

1 - 100 Sequence scan time (minutes).

Note: Accurate fuel flow metering must be entered for sequencing to operate. An data cable (Beldon

501) must be connected between each M.M. unit (see section 1.4 for correct connection).

40 0 Warming Facility for Low Pressure Steam Sequencing: For sequencing applications where check

check (non-return) valves are not installed, it is not possible to use a phantom setpoint to keep the boilers

in a standby warming condition. Therefore, the facility exists to install a thermostat (aquastat) in the boiler

boiler shell. The thermostat will input 230V/120V on Terminal 93 and this initiates warming (see option

41). The boiler will remain in a warming state based on the settings in Options 53 and 54.

0 Disabled

1 Enabled

41 0 2/3 State Sequencing: This option sets 2 states of operation for the lag boilers. Either one boiler is

kept in a standby warming state and the other boilers are off, or all lag boilers are kept in a standby

warming state and there are no boilers offline.

0 3 State Sequencing: LEAD, STANDBY, OFF, OFF, OFF, OFF...

1 2 State Sequencing: LEAD, STANDBY, STANDBY, STANDBY...

42 20 Warming facility for medium/high pressure steam sequencing - phantom setpoint:For lead/lag (sequencing) applications where check (non-return) valves are installed, it is possible to

use a phantom setpoint to keep the boilers in a standby warming condition. This value is an offset below

the normal required setpoint. When the phantom setpoint is in effect, the burner is held at low flame.

0 - 100 If Centigrade, Fahrenheit or PSI units effective.

0 - 10.0 If Bar units effective.

43 5 Offset above phantom setpoint when the burner stops:2 - 50 If Centigrade, Fahrenheit or PSI units effective.

0.2 - 5.0 If Bar units effective.



Option N

o.

Facto

ry Setti

ng

Option V

alue

Descriptio

n

44 5 Offset below phantom setpoint when the burner starts up:2 - 50 If Centigrade, Fahrenheit or PSI units effective.


53 0 Steam Boiler Sequencing Burner 'Off' time: The steam boiler type sequencing is enabled by

setting option 1 to a respective pressure sensor. Options 42, 43 and 44 are relevant to the "standby"

boiler operation. This sets how long the standby boiler is out of warming.

0 Off

1 - 200 Burner "Off" time (minutes) during warm up cycle.

Intelligent Boiler Sequencing - Steam boiler applications.

54 5 Steam Boiler Sequencing Burner 'On' time: This sets how long the standby boiler is warming to

a phantom setpoint.

1 - 30 Burner "On" time (minutes) during warm up cycle.

Intelligent Boiler Sequencing - Steam boiler applications.

57 0 Fuel Flow Metering: Fuel flow metering is required for several functions to work correctly. Autoflame

recommend entering 'dummy points' if a fuel meter is not available to measure the actual flow. Setting this

to 1 will initiate fuel flow metering once the burner is firing.

0 No flow metering.

1 Flow metering operates and recalibrated.

2 Totalised flow metering reset to zero for selected fuel.

77 0 Burner rating units: Display purposes only for fuel flow metering.

0 KW x 100 /hr

1 Kg x 100 /hr

2 MW /hr

3 Btu x 100 /hr

4 Hp x 100 /hr

5 lbs x 100 /hr

6 Btu x 1000 /hr

7 Hp x 10 /hr

8 lbs x 1000 /hr

9 Btu x 1000 000 /hr



Parameter N

o.

Facto

ry Setti

ng

Parameter V

alue

Descriptio

n

1 3 Sequencing: Offset value when unit goes offline. If the standby boiler fails to start the scan time will be

reduced by the value set (minutes). E.g. if the scan time is set to 10 minutes and this parameter is set to 3 minutes

then the next scan time will be reduced to 7 minutes when the standby boiler fails to start.

0 - 20 Minutes.

2 1 Sequencing: Time between data requests (seconds). Bus driver requests information every 'n' seconds, M.M.s

transmits every 'n' seconds, the D.T.I. only listens to transmissions.

1 - 10 Seconds.

3 1 Sequencing: Number of boilers initally set on after powerdown.

1 - 10

5 4 Sequencing: Modulation time out (minutes). If the boiler is not modulating after being asked to contribute to

the load after this time it is kicked out of the sequence loop e.g. burner must start to modulate within 4 minutes

from being asked to contribute to the load as default.

1 - 50 Minutes.

57 0 Sequencing: Highest M.M. ID. This sets the number of M.M.s in that sequencing loop for improved comms.

0 - 10 0 = 10

62 0 Hot water sequencing: If this Parameter is set to 1 then the hot water sequencing will operate in the same

way as the steam sequencing (contact Autoflame before use).

0 - 1

84 0 Display diagnostic values for Intelligent Boiler Sequencing0 Disabled

1 Enabled

101 0 Shuffle sequencing0 Disabled

1 Sequence order changed through D.T.I.





5.2.2 Relevant Mini Mk8 M.M. Options and Parameters

Note: The Options and Parameters must only be changed by factory trained and certified technicians who have a thorough appreciation of the Autoflame combustion systems and the combustion process in general. Any person changing the Options and Parameters who does not have the correct factory training and understanding of these settings/adjustments may place themselves and others in a potentially dangerous situation.

Option N

o.

Facto

ry Setti

ng

Option V

alue

Descriptio

n

16 0 Sequencing and D.T.I Enable: A lead boiler can be selected by press Lead Boiler in the IBS screen

or via the D.T.I. if optioned. Only 1 M.M. may be selected as lead boiler at a time, or the sequencing

will not operate.The Lead Boiler button on the M.M. overrides the D.T.I. Lead Boiler Select.

0 Sequencing disabled.

1 Seuqencing enabled.

2 D.T.I. enabled.

3 Sequencing and D.T.I.

Note: Accurate fuel flow metering must be entered for sequencing of different burner ratings, as fuel

flow metering high fire point sets the burner rating.

33 1 M.M. Identification: Each M.M. within a sequence loop must have an individual ID. Communication

problems will occur within an IBS loop if incorrect or same IDs are set for the M.M.s

1 -10 Identification number

35 10 Sequence Scan Time: This is the time period between sequencing requests from the lead M.M. On

the sequence scan time, the lead M.M. will demand lag burners to be brought online or offline,

depending on load requirements. See Parameters 86 and 87 for change down and up thresholds.

1 - 100 Sequence scan time (minutes).

Note: Accurate fuel flow metering must be entered for sequencing to operate. An data cable (Beldon

501) must be connected between each M.M. unit (see sections 1.5 and 1.6 for correct connection).

40 0 Warming Facility for Low Pressure Steam: For sequencing applications where non-return

valves are not installed, it is not possible to use a setpoint to keep the boilers in a standby

condition. A thermostat (aquastat) can be installed into the boiler shell. Set Option/ parameter

156 to 0 to enable Terminal 82 for Warming Stat. When Terminal 82 sees a 230V/ 120V input, warming

is stopped. The boiler will remain in a warming state based on the settings in Options 53 and 54.

0 Steam sequencing with non-return valves.

1 Steam sequencing without non-return valves.

41 0 Warming Mode: This option sets 2 states of operation for the lag boilers. Either the first lag is

kept in a standby state with the second lag kept in a warming state and the other boilers are off, or all the

lag boilers after the first are kept in a warming state and there are no boilers offline.

0 One M.M. in warming state.

1 All unused M.M.s in warming state.

42 20 Standby Setpoint: For sequencing applications where non-return valves are installed, the first lag boiler

uses a standby setpoint to keep the boiler in a standby condition. This value is an absolute value

set in this option. When the standby setpoint is in effect, the burner is held at low flame hold

5 - 9990 If Centigrade, Fahrenheit or PSI units effective.


53 0 Steam Sequencing Burner Off Time: When the M.M. is in Warming mode, it will warm to the

standby setpoint according to the on and off times set in options 53 and 54.

0 Off

1 - 200 Number of minutes burner is 'off' in warming mode.

54 5 Steam Sequencing Burner On Time: When the M.M. is in Warming mode, it will warm to the

standby setpoint according to the on and off times set in options 53 and 54.

1 - 30 Number of minutes burner is 'on' in warming mode.

57 0 Fuel Flow Metering: Autoflame recommend entering 'dummy points' if a fuel meter is not available

to measure the actual flow. Setting this option to 1 will initiate fuel flow metering once the burner is firing.

0 Disabled.

1 Enabled.

100 0 Sequencing/ D.T.I. or Modbus operation:0 M.M./ D.T.I. Sequencing

1 Modbus.



Parameter N

o.

Facto

ry Setti

ng

Parameter V

alue

Descriptio

n

1 3 Sequence Scan Time Set When Unit Goes Offline: If a sequenced boiler drops out of the sequence, the

there is a time delay before the next scan time. E.g. if t this parameter is 3 minutes then when the standby boiler

boiler fails to start there is a 3 minute delay before the next scan time.

0 - 20 Minutes.

3 1 Number of Boilers Initially On: This sets numbers of boilers which power on initially after a shutdown. This

should be set to the highest M.M. ID (parameter 57) if the application requires all boilers to come on.

1 - 10

5 10 Modulation Timeout: If the boiler is not modulating after being asked to contribute to the load after this

timeout, it is kicked out of the sequence loop e.g. burner must start to modulate within 10 minutes (as default) of

receiving command to contribute to load.

1 - 50 Minutes.

57 10 Sequencing - Highest M.M. ID: This sets the number of M.M.s in that sequencing loop for improved comms.

1 - 10

62 0 Hot water sequencing: 0 Hot water sequencing operates normally.

1 Hot water sequencing operates as steam sequencing.

Note: Lag boilers will operate as per option 41.

86 85 IBS Change Down Threshold: If the combined firing rate of the last 2 boilers is below this value, then the last

last lag boiler will go into into the next stage (standby, warming, or off) depending on how the sequencing is set.

0 - 99 %

87 95 IBS Change Up Threshold: If the firing rate of the first last boiler online is above this value, then the next boile

will come online and fire to meet the required setpoint.

0 - 100 %

101 0 Shuffle Sequencing: This allows the sequence order to be changed remotely through the D.T.I. or Modbus.

0 Disabled.

1 Enabled.





5.3 Hot Water Sequencing

5.3.1 Implementing Hot Water Sequencing

For hot water sequencing, a temperature detector must be fitted to all the M.M.s (only master M.M.s in twin burner operation if option 14 is set to 1) and option 1 must be set to 3 or 10. As sequencing is based on firing rate, the M.M.s must have fuel flow metering entered, see option 57. For the Mk7 M.M., the burner rating and units must be set, see options 34 and 77. For the Mini Mk8 M.M. the burner rating is set as point 1 in fuel flow commissioning. See the Mk7 M.M. Installation and Commissioning Guide and Mini Mk8 M.M. Installation and Commissioning Guide for more information on fuel flow commissioning. The M.M.s can be configured for sequencing either in Commissioning Mode, or Online Changes; this allows the commissioning engineer to implement/adjust sequencing at a later date after the burners have been commissioned. Each M.M. in the sequencing loop must be set with an individual ID number through option 33; no two M.M.s can have the same ID number in sequencing, twin burner operation, and when connected to a D.T.I./Modbus interface. The highest M.M. ID number should be set for that sequencing loop in parameter 57, so the system only looks for communications with these M.M.s. The maximum number of M.M.s that can be in a sequence loop is 10. If there is a D.T.I. in the sequence loop, to control the sequence loop via the D.T.I., parameter 101 must be set to 1. To enable sequencing, option 16 must be set to 1, or 3 for sequencing with D.T.I. If option 16 is set to 3, then the D.T.I./Modbus interface is capable of some remote control. The individual and global required setpoint, lead boiler select, sequence order, enable/disable and firing rate can be set remotely. If an M.M.’s firing rate is set by the D.T.I./Modbus interface, then that M.M. will not follow the sequencing loop. For hot water sequencing, option 53 must be set to 0 to disable the standby warming which is used in steam sequencing. Options 40 and 41 must be set to 0 on all the M.M.s in the sequencing loop. If warming is required for lag hot water boilers, then hot water sequencing can function like steam sequencing by setting option 62 (see section 5.4). In a sequence loop, there is one lead burner, and the rests are lag M.M.s. The lead burner identifies its own firing rate by looking at its fuel flow metering data, proportional to the system’s load requirements. Having established the percentage firing rate and maximum heating capacity, the M.M. will calculate the amount of heat being contributed to the system by this burner. The sequence scan time, see option 35, sets after how long the firing rates of all the M.M.s in the loop are assessed. The scan time has a critical effect on the responsiveness of the sequencing system. Too long a scan can result in the boilers not coming online quick enough to meet the load demand; too short a scan time (shorter than the burner start-up time) can cause another boiler to be brought online before the previous lag boiler has started firing. The scan time should normally be set at minimum, the start-up time for the burner. The lead burner looks at its firing rate and sends a command to the lag M.M.s to either being contribute to load because it cannot reach the setpoint, or to stop contributing to the load because the system has met the load demand. Only one lead burner can be selected at one time, if more than 1 is selected as lead burner, then the M.M.s will ignore the sequencing loop commands and return to independent firing. Parameter 2 sets how often the ‘bus driver’ M.M. requests and transmit information to the other M.M. The ‘bus driver’ is always the M.M. with the lowest ID number.



The M.M.s will start, continue or stop contributing to the load based on the change up and down thresholds, see parameter 86 and 87. The next lag M.M. will be brought online if the lead burner cannot cope with the load demand, and its firing rate is above the change up threshold. Alternatively, the M.M. will go into standby, warming or offline if the last two lag M.M.s have a total combined firing rate less than the change down threshold, because the system can cope with the load demand. For example, if the change up threshold in parameter 87 is set at 90%, then if the last firing M.M. in the sequence is above 90% firing rate, then upon the elapse of the next scan time, the next lag M.M. will be brought online. If at the next scan time, the firing rates of the last two online lag M.M. are 30% and 40% respectively, and the change down threshold in parameter 86 is set at 80%, then the last lag M.M. will go into standby, warming or off depending on how the sequencing mode is set. If a lag burner fails to start when requested, the scan time will be decreased by the offset set in parameter 1, until it is automatically ignored from the sequencing communication loop. If a lag burner fails to modulate after being requested to contribute to the load requirement, then that M.M. will be ignored from the sequencing communication loop after a time delay set in parameter 5. After a power recycle, the number of M.M.s which are initially set on when the M.M.s start up again, is set in parameter 3. 5.3.2 Two Port Valve Operation

In hot water sequencing, when there is no demand for all of the lag boilers to be on, the system will close the two port valves on the lag boilers that do not need to be on. This will stop the hot water circulating in the system from passing through the boiler and the heat being wasted. It is possible to use Terminal 78 which is a switched neutral to control the two port valve. This works by switching to neutral once the burner has stopped firing but if the temperature of the boiler ever gets above the required set point then Terminal 78 will switch back even if the boiler is not firing.

When the two port valve is closed on an OFF lag boiler, if at any time, the residual heat in that boiler is above the required setpoint, the valve is opened immediately and the heat is let through the system. The two port valve then stays open.

When the lead boiler recognises that it needs a lag boiler to come online after the sequence scan time, the lag boiler will then run its relay tests. This will open the two port valve immediately and it will then stay open.

For the two port valve to close, the lag boiler must be in standby mode, and the actual setpoint must be on or below the required setpoint; it must be in this condition for at least one minute. Terminal 78 on the M.M. is a switched neutral connection for controlling a two port valve that would normally be installed in the boilers return pipe connection to the common return header. This facility ensures that boilers that are switched ‘offline’ do not contribute return temperature water to the flow header thereby diluting the flow temperature to the building.



5.4 Steam Sequencing

5.4.1 Warming Steam Boilers

The difference between steam pressure sequencing is the warming periods; the IBS settings explained in section 5.3.1 are the same (see section 5.4.2 for options 40, 41 and 53). By keeping the lag boilers at low fire when they are in standby/ warming, when they are requested by the lead M.M. to come online and contribute to the load, they will not be started from cold. A steam boiler is at risk of thermal shock if not warmed before running at high fire. If the lag boiler is required to contribute to the steam load, then the boiler must be warm in order to contribute quickly in a safe manner. If the boiler is started from cold and allowed to fire at a high firing rate straight away then this may cause damage to the boiler. The tubes will increase in temperature and if the boiler started from a cold position then this will cause thermal shock to the boiler. Additionally, not warming a steam boiler can result in a slow response to meet the system’s steam demand. For process applications and critical sites such as hospitals, it is imperative that the steam is met efficiently and quickly. If one of the boilers fails, or locks out then it is very important that the next boiler in the sequencing loop gets up to pressure as quickly as possible. Therefore, if this starts up from a cold status then this will take a long time to get up to pressure safely. By warming this lag boiler this means that the boiler will maintain a pressure, offset from the required setpoint in order to ensure that when required this gets up to pressure quickly. 5.4.2 Implementing Steam Sequencing

Mk7 M.M. As well the options/parameters given in section 5.3.1, the following also need to be set for steam sequencing:

Option 41 – Sets 2/3 state sequencing. The first state is online where the boiler is firing. The second state is standby where the boiler will run through its standby warming sequence as set in Options 53 and 54 and the third state is offline.

Option 42 – Sets the phantom setpoint to which the burner will aim to maintain when in the warming/standby phase. This is set as an offset of the ‘on’ status required setpoint.

Option 43 – Sets the offset above the phantom setpoint when the burner will stop during warming.

Option 44 – Sets the offset below the phantom setpoint when the burner starts up during warming.

Options 53 – Sets the standby warming off time. This is the time in minutes for how long the boiler will be off for during standby warming.

Option 54 – Sets the standby warming on time. This is the time in minutes for how long the boiler will be in low flame hold for the boiler to heat up to its phantom setpoint. Options 42, sets the phantom setpoint.

When the IBS software control package is applied to steam boilers, its operation is similar to hot water sequencing but with additional features and enhancements as explained below. In the case of heating boilers only two states in the control form exist, either on or off. When steam boiler variations of IBS are optioned there are three states which are controlled sequentially.



The first is ‘on’, this is when the boiler is operating purely under the control of the M.M. modules internal PID control. The second state is ‘standby warming’. In this case the boiler is operated at a reduced pressure offset from the required pressure and runs for a number of minutes each hour. This offset from the required setpoint is called the phantom setpoint. For example, if the online boiler or boilers are set at a setpoint of 7 Bar (100 PSI) the standby warming boiler can be set to reach a ‘phantom’ setpoint of 5 Bar (72 PSI). If the load increases, the standby warming boiler can begin to contribute steam quickly. The phantom setpoint is a user variable option in the same way as the normal required setpoint. The number of minutes run time is also adjustable. The third state is ‘offline’, this is with the burner shut down and the boiler cold. If the load on the boiler house increases, this boiler would move into a ‘warming’ condition, as per the lead M.M. Just like in hot water sequencing, steam sequencing is used to ensure that only the minimum boilers required are contributing to meet the required setpoint, reducing fuel consumption. Mini Mk8 M.M. The steam sequencing operation in the Mini Mk8 M.M. has 4 sequencing states, different to the 3 states in the Mk7 M.M. The 4 states are:

On – the burner fires and modulates freely to meet the required setpoint. The burner will start and stop according to the above and below offset differentials (see options 9, 10 and11).

Standby – the burner remains at the low fire position to meet the standby setpoint (set as an absolute value in option 42). The burner will start and stop according to the above and below offset differentials (see options 9, 10 and 11).

Warming – the burner remains at the low fire position to meet the standby setpoint (see option 42) and runs according to a timer of X minutes firing (see option 54) and Y minutes not firing (see option 53). If option 54 is set to 0, then the burner will continually fire at the low fire position to meet the standby setpoint in the warming state. The burner can also be controlled by a (warming) thermostat fitted in the boiler shell, wired to terminal 82 (see option/ parameter 156).

Off – the burner does not fire. As well the options/parameters given in section 5.3.1, the following also need to be set for steam sequencing:

Option 41 – Sets whether all the lag boiler states, either the first lag is kept in standby state with the second lag in warming and the remaining lag M.M.s off, or all the lag boilers after the first lag boiler are kept in warming state and there are no boilers offline.

Option 42 – Sets the standby setpoint for sequencing where non-return valves are installed; the first lag boiler will aim to maintain this standby setpoint when in the warming/standby phase. This is set as an offset of the ‘on’ status required setpoint.

Options 53 – Sets the standby warming off time. This is the time in minutes for how long the boiler will be off for during standby warming.

Option 54 – Sets the standby warming on time. This is the time in minutes for how long the boiler will be in low flame hold for the boiler to heat up to its phantom setpoint. Options 42, sets the phantom setpoint.



5.4.3 Low Pressure Steam Sequencing

For steam boiler plants where check (non-return) valves are not installed, or the required setpoint is less than 2 Bar (20 PSI), it is not possible to use a phantom setpoint or standby setpoint, for the Mk7 M.M. and Mini Mk8 M.M., respectively. Each pressure sensor would read the same pressure value, regardless of individual boiler temperature/ pressure. A thermostat (aquastat) can be installed into the boiler shell, and option 40 must be set to low pressure steam sequencing. For the Mk7 M.M., a 230V/ 120V input on terminal 93 will initiate the warming for that lag boiler, and this be firing at low fire according to the warming interval timings in options 53 and 54. For the Mini Mk8 M.M., in addition to option 40 to set to low pressure steam sequencing, option/ parameter 156 to enable the function of terminal 82 to warming stat input. When the M.M.s detects a 230V/ 120V input on terminal 82, boiler will initiate warming.



5.5 Troubleshooting – Sequencing

The IBS software can be used for up to 10 M.M. modules; this can be 10 single burners of 5 twin burners. It can be burners with water level control and also E.G.A.s Cold start and hand/low flame hold will not work with IBS. Troubleshooting If the IBS software is not turning the lag boilers on and off as needed to meet load demand, this indicates that there an issue with the sequencing communications. Fuel flow metering must be set correctly on all the M.M.s as this is used to determine the firing rate which the IBS software looks at to decide whether to bring on or turn off lag boilers. The M.M.s must be connected via a Beldon 9501 daisy chain configuration, with the data cable screened at one end. During firing, an M.M. will be removed from the sequence loop should any of the following occur:

Communications to the M.M. has timed out The M.M. has been disabled remotely via the D.T.I. or a BMS with option 16 set to 3 Option 16 on the M.M. is not set to 1 or 3 The M.M. is in an error, burner lockout or expansion alarm state The M.M. has not started modulating within the required time (parameter 5) The D.T.I. is manually controlling the firing rate Modulation exerciser is being used Option 47 has been set for cold-start routine The M.M. is in Hand or Low Flame Hold mode The M.M. has been optioned for Modbus (option 100 – Mini Mk8 M.M. only)

Testing Communications with an LED When having communications problems between Autoflame M.Ms., a simple test with a standard 5V LED can confirm if they are due to hardware or wiring problems. Take a standard 5V LED and wire it into terminals 27 and 28 of the M.M. ensuring correct polarity (black connected to the negative leg of the LED). If the M.M. is communicating, the LED will flash intermittently. If the LED does not flash, check the polarity is correct on the LED. If the LED still does not flash, please contact Autoflame Sales Department. Do this for all the M.M.s in the sequence.

6 Twin Burner Operation – Mk7 M.M.


6 TWIN BURNER OPERATION – MK7 M.M.

6.1 Twin Burner Commissioning

Twin burner operation is only available on the Mk7 M.M. Options 14 and 33 have to be set correctly to implement twin burner operation. Both the M.M.s in twin burner operation must have identical software (MM, BC, DI and Exp). The M.M.s can be commissioned individually or simultaneously by setting option 14 to 0. Before commissioning, set the ID number for the M.M.s through option 33. The master burner must have an odd numbered ID number and the slave burner must have the next consecutive even numbered ID. If the master M.M. is to 5, then the slave M.M. must be set to 6. Proceed to commissioning as detailed in Mk7 M.M. Installation and Commissioning Guide. After commissioning the units, option 14 will need to be set to 1, 2 or 3 as appropriate. It is the commissioning engineer’s responsibility to ensure that no adverse effects are caused as a result of this, particularly, stress to a boiler not designed to have only one burner firing. It is strongly recommended that they are commissioned simultaneously. For fuel flow metering, both M.M.s should be put into fuel flow metering mode at the same time, to avoid any thermal stresses on the boiler by setting the fuel flow points on one M.M, and then the next M.M. separately. During fuel flow metering, the fuel valve, air damper and VSD positions are driven to the high fire position. The points should also be entered at the same time for both M.M.s (point 10 together, point 9 together…). For single point change, both M.M.s should be put into single point change at the same time. The adjustments to the fuel-air curve should be made simultaneously on both M.M.s.

6.2 Normal Operation

Firing Simultaneously If option 14 is set to 1 (twin burner for fire tube applications), then both M.M.s will fire simultaneously. The slave will always take its firing rate from the master, including when the master has been put in low flame hold or hand mode. Both M.M.s will start-up together and phases are checked for twin burner sync – position to purge, purge, position to start, ignition and modulation. Both burners will fire simultaneously at all times. The internal stat of both M.M.s will open if there is a period of more than 10 seconds when one M.M. is modulating and the other is not. Terminals 23 and 24 are used for twin burner communications; a screen must be connected at one end, please see section 6.6. A load detector does not need to be wired to the slave M.M., only the master M.M. The load detector input on the slave M.M. can be left open circuit; it will not be error checked. For hand and low flame hold modes, the inputs must be wired to terminals 94 and 95, respectively, on the master M.M. No inputs are required on the slave M.M. For sequencing with twin burner, as well as the twin burner link via the M.M.s, the twin burner M.M.s can be connected via terminals 27 and 28 in a daisy chain configuration on the master – option 16 should be set to 1, 2 or 3 on the master and 0 on the slaves. If the M.M.s in the sequence loop are



connected to a D.T.I., then they should all be connected be via terminals 27 and 28 in a daisy chain configuration, including the master and the slave M.M. This would allow the D.T.I. to gather information from all the M.M.s in the sequence loop. The lead boiler switch should only be wired to terminal 88 on the master M.M. If a lockout or error occurs on one of the M.M.s, then both burners will turn off, until the lockout/error has been reset. Both M.M. will proceed to start-up and fire simultaneously. If there is a loss in communications between the two M.M.s, both of them will open their internal stat and a yellow ‘twin burner communications failure’ box will appear in the Status screen. They will both shut down and only start once they are communicating via the twin burner link. Firing Simultaneously and Independently If option 14 is set to 2 (twin burner for water tube applications), then both M.M.s can fire simultaneously and independently. The slave will always take its firing rate from the master, including when the master has been put in low flame hold or hand mode, apart from when the master is in an error/lockout or communication loss condition. If one M.M. has an error or lockout or twin burner communications loss, then the other M.M. will continue to fire independently. When the error/ lockout is reset or the twin burner communications is recovered, the M.M.s will both go to the Recycle phase and then continue to start-up and fire in twin burner operation. A load detector is required for both the master and slave M.M., for independent firing when there is an error/lockout or twin burner communication loss on one M.M. For hand and low flame hold modes, inputs can be wired to terminals 94 and 95 on both M.M.s. When the master and slave M.M. are firing simultaneously, both units will be put into hand or low flame hold when the input is active on the master M.M. When they fire independently, the M.M. will go into hand or low flame hold if the input is active on its terminals 94 and 95, respectively. For sequencing connection, see section 5.1.1.



6.3 Twin Burner with Water Level Control

If option 14 is set to 3 (twin burner for water tube applications, with water level control), then both M.M.s can fire simultaneously and independently. The slave will always take its firing rate from the master, including when the master has been put in low flame hold or hand mode, apart from when the master is in a lockout or communication loss condition. If the master M.M. has an M.M. error or expansion alarm, then the slave M.M. will shut down until the error/expansion alarm has been reset. When the master M.M. is an error condition, it can lose part of the communications with the slave, which could result in the water level alarms not being transmitted to the slave M.M., making the slave reliant on the independent controls. If the master M.M. has a lockout, then the slave M.M. will continue to fire independently. A load detector is required for both the master and slave M.M., for independent firing when there is an error/lockout or twin burner communication loss on one M.M. The expansion PCB must be fitted to the master M.M. A load detector is required for both the master and slave M.M., for independent firing when there is an error/lockout or twin burner communication loss on one M.M. For hand and low flame hold modes, inputs can be wired to terminals 94 and 95 on both M.M.s. When the master and slave M.M. are firing simultaneously, both units will be put into hand or low flame hold when the input is active on the master M.M. When they fire independently, the M.M. will go into hand or low flame hold if the input is active on its terminals 94 and 95, respectively. For sequencing connection, see section 6.2.1. In order to meet BS EN 12953, the minimum requirements for safe water level control are to have an independent high integrity self-monitoring low water cut off, in addition to the level control. When using the Autoflame water level control, an auxiliary 2nd low probe must be fitted to meet these requirements in the EU.



6.4 Twin Burner with E.G.A.

Twin Burner with Two E.G.A.s If the master and slave M.M.s fire into individual combustion chambers, 2 E.G.A.s can be used by mounting the sampling probes in the individual flue or first pass, before the flues join to meet a common stack. It is recommended that the E.G.A.s are commissioned simultaneously, as commissioned the units will separately may result in thermal stresses/shocks from heating the furnace on one side only. The 3-parameter trim function can be activated on both M.M.s. with their corresponding E.G.A.s Twin Burner with Single E.G.A. The twin burner function can be used in conjunction with the Exhaust Gas Analyser (E.G.A.) to monitor and trim the emissions. When using the twin burner function it is possible use only one E.G.A. if the boiler has a common stack and the burners are firing into the same combustion chamber. The following modules are required:

2 x Mk7 M.M.s for twin burner application 1 x Mk8 E.G.A. and sampling probe to measure the exhaust gases from the common stack

The E.G.A. sampling probe is mounted in the stack, and the E.G.A. communicates with the M.M.s through a data link from the E.G.A. to the master M.M. The E.G.A. data is then transferred over to the slave M.M. via the twin burner data link on terminals 23 and 24. The following options and parameters will need to be set:

Option 14 – Twin Burner Operation Option 12 – E.G.A. Operation Option 33 – M.M. Identification Parameter 79 – E.G.A. Splitter (only on slave)

Both burners need to be fully commissioned simultaneously, with the points in the combustion curve entered at the same point and at similar angular degrees to ensure that both burners are firing with good emissions throughout the firing range. Once commissioned, burners will modulate as normal. Safety limits of combustion on E.G.A. can also be used with twin burner operation allowing the user to set absolute or offset limits of O2, CO, CO2, NO and exhaust temperature. In critical situations where one of the M.M.s is in fault condition, single burner firing can be used however we would recommend that the E.G.A. be optioned to monitor only or completely disabled to ensure reliability. Provided no changes are made to the combustion either through re-commissioning, or single point change, the E.G.A. can be re-optioned when required. For a common stack, if option 14 = 2 and there is a single E.G.A., do not set 3-paramaeter trim function; if this trim is required then 2 E.G.A.s must be fitted. Each E.G.A. probe would then need to be fitted as close to each burner as possible, rather than at the same point in the common stack.



6.5 Twin Burner External Modulation

Twin burner can be used with both permanent external modulation and switched external modulation. Only the master M.M. needs to be wired for external modulation, please see Mk7 M.M. Installation and Commissioning Guide for the connections.

Permanent External Modulation With option 45 set to 1, 2 or 3 and option 55 set to 0 for permanent external modulation the following occurs when there is an error/lockout: Option 14 = 1 If either the master or slave M.M. has an error/lockout, then both M.M.s will go into standby. Once the fault condition has been cleared, both M.M.s will start up in sync. Option 14 =2 If the master has an error/lockout, then the slave M.M. will flash a yellow box ‘twin burner comms fail’ and continue to fire at low flame hold. Once the error/lockout is reset, the master M.M. will go through its start-up sequence and the M.M.s will sync once it has reached firing; they will continue to fire as per the external modulation signal. If the slave M.M. has an error/lockout, then the master M.M. will continue to fire on its own, following the external modulation to reach the setpoint. A yellow ‘twin burner comms fail’ box will flash on the master M.M. until the slave M.M. starts up and synchronises with the master M.M. Switched External Modulation With option 45 set to 0, and option 55 set to 1 for switched external modulation, a line voltage on terminal 88 switches the M.M. from internal PID to external modulation. Switched modulation cannot be used with sequencing, and the following occurs when there is an error/lockout: Option 14 = 1 When the terminal 88 input is switched on, both the M.M.s change to external modulation. If either the master or the slave M.M. has an error/lockout with either external modulation switched on or off, both M.M.s will go into standby. Once the fault has cleared, they will start up and fire in sync. Option 14 = 2 With the switched external modulation input turned off on terminal 88, so that both M.M.s are using the internal PID, if the master or slave has an error/lockout, then the other will continue to fire following the internal PID. Once the fault has cleared, they will fire simultaneously with internal PID. If the M.M.s are switched on for external modulation and the master M.M. has an error/lockout, then the slave M.M. will go to internal PID and continue to fire. Once the error/lockout has been reset, the master M.M.s will go through the start-up sequence and synchronise with the slave M.M. once it has reached firing status. They will continue to fire following the external modulation. If the M.M.s are switched on for external modulation and the slave M.M. has an error/lockout, the master M.M. will continue to fire with external modulation. Once the fault has been reset, they will sync when the slave M.M. reaches firing status, and continue with external modulation.

Mk7 M.M. Module 1

Mk7 M.M. Module 2

NOTE:Data cable type: Beldon 9501Connect screen of data cable to M.M. Module 1 only

L

E

N



6.6 Connection Between Mk7 M.M. Modules for Twin Burner

Notes

Autoflame Engineering Ltd Unit1-2 Concorde Business Centre

Airport Industrial Estate, Wireless Road Biggin Hill, Kent TN16 3YN

United Kingdom +44 (0) 845 872 2000 www.autoflame.com