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Mass Communication ProjectMass Communication Project

By:By:Aqsa JavedAqsa JavedMehak Liaqat AliMehak Liaqat AliNoor-ul-Ain PashaNoor-ul-Ain PashaRoma EjazRoma EjazZainab ZameerZainab Zameer Zalnashta KhawarZalnashta KhawarZara UsmaniZara Usmani

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Introduction to newspaperIntroduction to newspaper What is a newspaper:What is a newspaper: A A newspapernewspaper is a regularly published  is a regularly published print product print product

containing containing information vital to the function of the marketinformation vital to the function of the market it  it serves.serves.

Features in Newspaper includes:Features in Newspaper includes: • Editorial opinions, op-eds

• Obituaries• Comic strips, crosswords, sudoku and horoscopes• Weather , forecasts• Advice, gossip, food, • Critical Reviews.• Classified ads• Display ads

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Origins of NewspaperOrigins of Newspaper First printed Newspaper appeared in GERMANY in late 1400’s inFirst printed Newspaper appeared in GERMANY in late 1400’s in

the forms of Pamphletsthe forms of Pamphlets The Weekly News 1622 -- the first successively published titleThe Weekly News 1622 -- the first successively published title 1640’s-1650’s – news book format1640’s-1650’s – news book format Pre-History:Pre-History: Earliest variation on a newspaper was a daily sheetEarliest variation on a newspaper was a daily sheet published in 59 BC in Rome called Acta Diurna(Daily events)published in 59 BC in Rome called Acta Diurna(Daily events) by Julius Caesarby Julius Caesar Late-HistoryLate-History:: * Printing press invented by Johann Gutenberg in 1447* Printing press invented by Johann Gutenberg in 1447 * Manuscript newssheets were products of European Countries * Manuscript newssheets were products of European Countries

in 1665in 1665 * In 1700’s development of newspaper was encourage* In 1700’s development of newspaper was encourage * First daily newspaper was The Daily Courant in London, 1702* First daily newspaper was The Daily Courant in London, 1702 * France’s first daily newspaper appears in 1777, Journal de * France’s first daily newspaper appears in 1777, Journal de

ParisParis * United state first daily was Pennsylvania Packet in 1784* United state first daily was Pennsylvania Packet in 1784

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Origins of NewspaperOrigins of Newspaper

English Newspapers in Indian SubcontinentEnglish Newspapers in Indian Subcontinent First newspaper sent was by British man William Bolts in 1766First newspaper sent was by British man William Bolts in 1766 In 1780 another man James Augustus Hickey Published named Bengal In 1780 another man James Augustus Hickey Published named Bengal

Gazette/General Calcutta AdviserGazette/General Calcutta Adviser In November 1781 another newspaper named “Indian Gazette” was In November 1781 another newspaper named “Indian Gazette” was

introduced which was pro Government and against Hickeyintroduced which was pro Government and against Hickey Invention of TelegraphInvention of Telegraph The invention of the telegraph in 1844 transformed print mediaThe invention of the telegraph in 1844 transformed print media 1890 1890 toto 1920 1920 – “Golden age” or Print media– “Golden age” or Print media Between Between 1940 1940 to to 19901990 newspaper circulation dropped newspaper circulation dropped

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Organization of The NewspaperOrganization of The Newspaper Editorial PageEditorial Page Editorial page is the most important and major page in the news Editorial page is the most important and major page in the news

paper.paper. It is also known as the opinion page. It is the page It is also known as the opinion page. It is the page reserved in newspaper and magazines for publication’s editorialreserved in newspaper and magazines for publication’s editorial

Contents of Editorial pageContents of Editorial page 1. Editorial note: 1. Editorial note: The note of editor or the team of editorsThe note of editor or the team of editors 2. Columns:2. Columns: They are the writings and thoughts on some specificThey are the writings and thoughts on some specific topics contributedtopics contributed by well-known writerby well-known writer 3. Letters to the editors:3. Letters to the editors: It is the feedback to the newspaperIt is the feedback to the newspaper 4. Editorial cartoons4. Editorial cartoons These are not so much common. They are notThese are not so much common. They are not published in each and every paperpublished in each and every paper Purposes of Editorial PagePurposes of Editorial Page

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Organization of The NewspaperOrganization of The Newspaper Newspaper needs a whole team to work together. The team Newspaper needs a whole team to work together. The team

works in an organized manner to compile and publish a whole works in an organized manner to compile and publish a whole newspapernewspaper

Parts Of Newspaper OrganizationParts Of Newspaper Organization The newspaper organization have many different parts of team and The newspaper organization have many different parts of team and

department. Initially they are three in numberdepartment. Initially they are three in number1)1) Editorial SectionEditorial Section2)2) Administrative SectionAdministrative Section3)3) Printing SectionPrinting Section

Editorial sectionEditorial section -- The editorial section is pre-divided into four parts-- The editorial section is pre-divided into four parts 1)Reporting Section1)Reporting Section 2)News Section2)News Section 3)Magazine Section3)Magazine Section 4)Editorial Section4)Editorial Section

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Organization of The NewspaperOrganization of The Newspaper The reporting Section:The reporting Section: It is the most important section of the newspaperIt is the most important section of the newspaper It includes: Reports about business, Showbiz etcIt includes: Reports about business, Showbiz etc Chief Reporter is the head of the department, heChief Reporter is the head of the department, he Examines the information and give approvalExamines the information and give approval Centralized departmentCentralized department Information can be about the popularity of anyInformation can be about the popularity of any person among the adults, men and womenperson among the adults, men and women The repots can be of any rules and regulations passed by the government in The repots can be of any rules and regulations passed by the government in

symbolic formsymbolic form

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Organization of The NewspaperOrganization of The Newspaper The News sectionThe News section It is a broad section, each of the important headings or topics has It is a broad section, each of the important headings or topics has

different pages, like showbiz will be published on separate page, different pages, like showbiz will be published on separate page, metro section will be publish on separate Pagemetro section will be publish on separate Page

Chief Editor is the in charge of this sectionChief Editor is the in charge of this section People working under him known as sub-editorPeople working under him known as sub-editor Or news editor, The senior most experience Or news editor, The senior most experience person are known as senior editorsperson are known as senior editors Different editors have different teams e.g.Different editors have different teams e.g. Sports page. Women page & International pageSports page. Women page & International page Different geographical are given to differentDifferent geographical are given to different sections in a new company, these are mainly sections in a new company, these are mainly known as known as DESKDESK also known as cabins and rooms also known as cabins and rooms

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Organization of The NewspaperOrganization of The Newspaper Desk of the News SectionDesk of the News Section

1.1. Main DeskMain Desk: : Deals with Front and Back Pages Deals with Front and Back Pages

2.2. Foreign Desk: Foreign Desk: Deals with foreign news and informationDeals with foreign news and information

3.3. Local Desk:Local Desk: Deals with compiling and publishing of local news Deals with compiling and publishing of local news

4.4. Monitoring Desk: Monitoring Desk: Obtains information and news from other media Obtains information and news from other media

5.5. Sports desk: Sports desk: Collect and compile news about the sport’s events Collect and compile news about the sport’s events

6.6. Business deskBusiness desk: : Deals with commercial news Deals with commercial news

7.7. Entertainment desk: Entertainment desk: Compiles the information for showbiz page Compiles the information for showbiz page

8.8. Internet desk: Internet desk: Usually foreign news are received hereUsually foreign news are received here

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Organization of The NewspaperOrganization of The Newspaper The Magazine SectionThe Magazine Section

Different types of Magazines:Different types of Magazines:

1.1. General interest magazines: General interest magazines: 2.2. Sensational magazines:Sensational magazines:3.3. Scholarly Magazines:Scholarly Magazines:

Two Kinds of Magazines:Two Kinds of Magazines:• Mid-week MagazinesMid-week Magazines• Weekly MagazinesWeekly Magazines

Magazines, is a publications, generally published on a regular basis, containing a variety of articles, entertainment, fashion, home and garden decoration information, showbiz, business, health, politics world news, photos, videos, tech views, science and entertainment news.

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Organization of The NewspaperOrganization of The Newspaper Mid-week MagazinesMid-week Magazines A magazines which comes sometime in between the weekA magazines which comes sometime in between the week

Weekly MagazinesWeekly Magazines It is issued on weekly basis example Jang, Sunday magazine, Weekly It is issued on weekly basis example Jang, Sunday magazine, Weekly

Family magazine, economist, Time, DiscoverFamily magazine, economist, Time, Discover

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Organization of The NewspaperOrganization of The Newspaper Editorial sectionEditorial section * Opinion page, * Opinion page, * It is reserved in a newspaper or magazine for publication’s editorial* It is reserved in a newspaper or magazine for publication’s editorial * Chief Editor is the one who decides that what is to be written and how the * Chief Editor is the one who decides that what is to be written and how the

news is to be printed in a newspaper news is to be printed in a newspaper * Major Page of Newspaper, middle page of the newspaper* Major Page of Newspaper, middle page of the newspaper * Editorials are short, persuasive essays that express the opinions of the * Editorials are short, persuasive essays that express the opinions of the

editors or editors of a publicationeditors or editors of a publication It have for basic parts:It have for basic parts:

The questionsThe questions The proofThe proof A conclusionA conclusion Reader action Reader action

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Organization of The NewspaperOrganization of The Newspaper Columns and cartoons are also included in Editorial SectionColumns and cartoons are also included in Editorial Section * Columns:* Columns: Educated People like Educated People like Hamid Meer, Syed Mohammad Ali, Rasul Hamid Meer, Syed Mohammad Ali, Rasul

Bakhsh Rais Bakhsh Rais writes these Columnswrites these Columns * Cartoons* Cartoons Cartoons contains following components to convey their intended Cartoons contains following components to convey their intended

meaning:meaning: StereotypeStereotype CaricatureCaricature ExaggerationExaggeration SymbolismSymbolism FactFact OpinionOpinion Fantasy Fantasy

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Organization of The NewspaperOrganization of The Newspaper Administrative section:Administrative section: Administration in an organization helps in the proper running of the organization in all Administration in an organization helps in the proper running of the organization in all

aspects aspects In charge of this is a Managing Director, besides him there is a General managerIn charge of this is a Managing Director, besides him there is a General manager * General manager:* General manager: He works with four other officials of the staffHe works with four other officials of the staff * Administrator:* Administrator: Deals with maintenance of offices and recordsDeals with maintenance of offices and records * Chief Accountant:* Chief Accountant: Responsible for supervision and control of the general accounting area, Responsible for supervision and control of the general accounting area,

and for financial statement and report preparationand for financial statement and report preparation * Business management:* Business management: His primary mission is to develop and increase revenue for the His primary mission is to develop and increase revenue for the newspaper through co-op advertisingnewspaper through co-op advertising * Circulation Management:* Circulation Management: Responsible for sales, service, distribution and collections in assigned Responsible for sales, service, distribution and collections in assigned

geographic districtgeographic district

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Organization of The NewspaperOrganization of The Newspaper Printing SectionPrinting Section * Types of printing* Types of printing - Woodblock printing:- Woodblock printing: Widely used by east AsianWidely used by east Asian It originated in China in antiquity as a method of printingIt originated in China in antiquity as a method of printing of textiles and later on Paperof textiles and later on Paper Methods of printing on cloth earliest surviving examplesMethods of printing on cloth earliest surviving examples from China and Egypt in 220 and 4from China and Egypt in 220 and 4thth century respectively century respectively - Movable printing:- Movable printing: System of printing and typography using movableSystem of printing and typography using movable pieces of metal made by casting from matrices pieces of metal made by casting from matrices struck by letter punchesstruck by letter punches - Rotary printing press- Rotary printing press Invented by Richard March Hoe In 1847Invented by Richard March Hoe In 1847 It uses impressions curved around a cylinder to print on long It uses impressions curved around a cylinder to print on long continuous rolls of papercontinuous rolls of paper Lately Significantly improved by William BullockLately Significantly improved by William Bullock

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Organization of The NewspaperOrganization of The Newspaper Modern Printing TechnologyModern Printing Technology * Offset Printing* Offset Printing

widely used printing techniquewidely used printing technique where inked image iswhere inked image is transferred (or “offset”) from a plate to a rubber blanket,transferred (or “offset”) from a plate to a rubber blanket,

then to the printing surface then to the printing surface Currently, most books and newspapers are printed usingCurrently, most books and newspapers are printed usingThe technique of offset lithographyThe technique of offset lithographySome other techniquesSome other techniques -> Flexography -> Dye transfer-> Flexography -> Dye transfer -> Ink jet -> Pad printing -> Ink jet -> Pad printing -> Relief Printing -> Rotogravure-> Relief Printing -> Rotogravure -> Screen printing-> Screen printing

** GravureGravure

It is an intaglio printing technique, where the image to be printed is madeIt is an intaglio printing technique, where the image to be printed is made up of small depressions in the surface of the printing plate.up of small depressions in the surface of the printing plate.

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Organization of The NewspaperOrganization of The Newspaper Impact of invention of printingImpact of invention of printing * Religious impact* Religious impact It was concerning that print allowed Readers, eventually including It was concerning that print allowed Readers, eventually including

those from all classes of society, to study religious texts and those from all classes of society, to study religious texts and politically sensitive issues by themselves, instead of thinking politically sensitive issues by themselves, instead of thinking mediated by the religious and political authoritiesmediated by the religious and political authorities

* Social impact* Social impact Print created a sustained and uniform reference for knowledge as Print created a sustained and uniform reference for knowledge as

well as allowing for comparison between incompatible viewswell as allowing for comparison between incompatible viewsAsa Briggs and Peter Burke identify 5 kinds of development due Asa Briggs and Peter Burke identify 5 kinds of development due to introduction of printto introduction of print

1.1. Critical ReadingCritical Reading2.2. Dangerous ReadingDangerous Reading3.3. Creative ReadingCreative Reading4.4. Extensive ReadingExtensive Reading5.5. Private ReadingPrivate Reading

Global VillageGlobal Village

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