No Compromise with Sin: No Compromise with Sin: The Radicalization of The Radicalization of American Anti-SlaveryAmerican Anti-Slavery

I. Brief History American Anti-I. Brief History American Anti-SlaverySlavery

No prob. majority historyNo prob. majority history 1818thth: 1) Enlightenment : 1) Enlightenment 2) 12) 1stst GA GA 3) AR3) AR By 1810: Dying out NBy 1810: Dying out N 1810-1830: 1810-1830: Colonization Colonization

South: examplesSouth: examples North: “democracy”North: “democracy”

II. William Lloyd GarrisonII. William Lloyd Garrison 1805: Newbury, MA1805: Newbury, MA

Come-outer Baptist mother; father Come-outer Baptist mother; father alcoholicalcoholic

Printer’s apprenticePrinter’s apprentice journalist journalist 1820s: Demon Rum1820s: Demon Rum 1828: Ben Lundy (“The Genius”)1828: Ben Lundy (“The Genius”)

colonizationcolonization MillennialismMillennialism purer Ch’y purer Ch’y John Noyes (founder Oneida John Noyes (founder Oneida

commune): perfectionismcommune): perfectionism sinfulness sinfulness = slavery= slavery “universal emancipation”: “universal emancipation”:

Christian anarchismChristian anarchism

III. Radical Abolition: A House on III. Radical Abolition: A House on FireFire

A. ImmediatismA. Immediatism 1 Jan. 1831: 1 Jan. 1831: Liberator Liberator :: “I am “I am

in earnest…I will not retreat in earnest…I will not retreat an inch—and an inch—and I will be heardI will be heard.”.”

Slavery: Slavery: 1) Sin: lie of racial 1) Sin: lie of racial

inequalityinequality 2) Crime: anti-AR2) Crime: anti-AR

Strategy of conversion + Strategy of conversion + revivalismrevivalism

No compromise w/sinNo compromise w/sin

1833 Am Anti-Slavery Society1833 Am Anti-Slavery Society propagandapropaganda violence + political violence + political suppressionsuppression

Gag rule (1836)Gag rule (1836) 1834-8: mob violence: 1835 WLG 1834-8: mob violence: 1835 WLG

symbolically, 1837 Lovejoy actuallysymbolically, 1837 Lovejoy actually Change in tacticsChange in tactics split gradualists split gradualists

+ immediatists+ immediatists

B. Abolitionism and Women’s B. Abolitionism and Women’s RightsRights

1) Non-resistance: no compromise w/sin1) Non-resistance: no compromise w/sin 2) Women’s rights: auxiliary groups2) Women’s rights: auxiliary groups

violation Victorian ideals: racial equalityviolation Victorian ideals: racial equality fears of miscegenation, political activityfears of miscegenation, political activity

Women lecturers: “promiscuous Women lecturers: “promiscuous audiences”audiences”

Catalyst: Angelina + Sarah Grimké Catalyst: Angelina + Sarah Grimké lecture tourlecture tour

Division w/in movement: 1) conservatives Division w/in movement: 1) conservatives vs. Garrisonians over women’s rightsvs. Garrisonians over women’s rights

Even more: 2) 1840s: non-resistanceEven more: 2) 1840s: non-resistance calls for calls for northernnorthern secession secession

IV. Proslavery ArgumentIV. Proslavery Argument

Rage over GarrisonRage over Garrison positive good positive good 1) Aristotle: “mudsill”1) Aristotle: “mudsill” 2) Bible: Old and New Testament2) Bible: Old and New Testament 3) King Cotton: economic determinism3) King Cotton: economic determinism 4) Science of racism (multiple creations?)4) Science of racism (multiple creations?) 5) Fiction writers: moonlight + magnolias5) Fiction writers: moonlight + magnolias 6) George Fitzhugh6) George Fitzhugh

V. Fitzhugh and the Attack on Free V. Fitzhugh and the Attack on Free SocietySociety

Sociology for the South, or The Failure of Sociology for the South, or The Failure of Free Society Free Society (1854); (1854); Cannibals All!Cannibals All!, , or or Slaves Without MastersSlaves Without Masters (1857) (1857)

Slavery = servile labor of any formSlavery = servile labor of any form Chattel slavery kinder than wage: 1Chattel slavery kinder than wage: 1stst modern modern

welfare statewelfare state Slavery survive only if capitalist world Slavery survive only if capitalist world

market destroyed: southern values could market destroyed: southern values could not survive competition + bourgeois not survive competition + bourgeois individualismindividualism Writing at same time as Marx in Europe, unclear Writing at same time as Marx in Europe, unclear

if F read Mif F read M

Free laborFree labor class conflict class conflict + violence+ violence

Slavery solves: master Slavery solves: master class combines interest class combines interest w/sentimentw/sentiment security for security for masses (paternalism)masses (paternalism)

Whole world must be all Whole world must be all slave or all freeslave or all free Compare Lincoln “House Compare Lincoln “House

Divided” speechDivided” speech Fitzhugh took argument Fitzhugh took argument

farthest, but basic ideas farthest, but basic ideas common in Southcommon in South

VI. ConclusionVI. Conclusion

Heated anti- or pro-slavery sentiment Heated anti- or pro-slavery sentiment was a minority position before 1850swas a minority position before 1850s

Uncle Tom’s CabinUncle Tom’s Cabin, Bleeding Kansas, , Bleeding Kansas, John Brown would change that on John Brown would change that on both sidesboth sides