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Nuclear Data Center NetworkNuclear Data Center NetworkWho are we?Who are we?

What can we do for you?What can we do for you?

Victoria McLaneVictoria McLane1,31,3

Naohiko OtukaNaohiko Otuka2,32,3

11National Nuclear Data Center National Nuclear Data Center Brookhaven National LaboratoryBrookhaven National Laboratory

22Nuclear Data Center Nuclear Data Center Japan Atomic Energy Research InstituteJapan Atomic Energy Research Institute

33Nuclear Theory GroupNuclear Theory GroupHokkaido UniversityHokkaido University

Recent Advances in Astrophysics and Planetary Science, March 1-2, 2005, Sapporo, Japan

Nuclear Data for AstrophysicsNuclear Data for Astrophysics

Nuclear data required for studies of:Early universe – “Big Bang”,Stellar physics:

novae, supernovae, Red giants, Interstellar medium.


Codes for modeling these systems require massive amounts of nuclear data

Reaction rates.

Energy released in nuclear reactions.

Structural properties of relevant nuclei.


Reaction rate: ‹σ·v›Cross section times ion velocity averaged over

Maxwell-Bolzmann distribution of relative ion velocity.

Basic data are cross sections and resonance parameters.


For many unstable nuclear no cross section data exist!

Calculations rely on data from theoretical models.

Experimental reaction data are used for refinement of theoretical models.


Reaction rates Coughlin and Fowler - 1967 [1] NACRE [2] T. Raucher and F.-K. Thielemann [3] Goriely et al.

Many others

http://www.nucastrodata.org


Energy released in nuclear reactions Reaction Q-values

Audi, Wapstra, Thibault [4]

http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/


Structural properties of nuclei Decay lifetime, Branching ratios, Separation energies: 1- and 2-particle, Level densities, Resonance parameters.

http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/

Nuclear Data for AstrophysicsNuclear Data for AstrophysicsAstrophysicalAstrophysical

Computer ModelComputer Model

Reaction rates Energy release Nuclear structureNSDD

Evaluated cross sections

Measured cross sections

Mass tables Evaluated NSDD

Measured NSDD

Nuclear Data for AstrophysicsNuclear Data for Astrophysics1. G.R. Coughlin and W.A. Fowler, At. Data &

Nucl. Data Tables, 40 (1988) 283

2. C. Angulo et al., Nucl. Phys. A 656 (1999) 3.

3. T. Raucher and F.-K. Thielemann, At. Data & Nucl. Data Tables 79 (2001) 47-64.

4. A.H. Wapstra, G. Audi, and C. Thibault, Nucl. Phys. A 729 (2003): part I, page 129; part II, page 337.


Stellar nucleosynthesis: Hydrogen burning. Helium burning. Silicon burning.

Each involve the need for data on many nuclear reactions.

Alpha-Induced ReactionsAlpha-Induced Reactions Reactions involving alpha particles are

important in the helium burning stage of stars, novae, and supernovae.

They involve light to medium weight nuclei, up to Z=32, and center-of-mass energies up to about 20 MeV.

Alpha-Induced ReactionsAlpha-Induced Reactions Buildup of 56Ni in supernovae depends

critically on the (,) and (,p) reactions on -nuclei, the heaviest stable nuclide of them being 40Ca.

For more massive radioactive - nuclei, 44Ti, 48Cr, 52Fe, and 56Ni, we must rely heavily on calculations, since there are few measurements.

Alpha-Induced ReactionsAlpha-Induced Reactions A key element in our understanding of -induced

reactions is the -nucleus potential.

Most wide used potentials are McFadden-Satchler [1] and Arthur-Young [2].

Both are global potentials, i.e., expected to perform for a large number of nuclei, but perhaps not suitable for accurate calculations.

Alpha-Induced ReactionsAlpha-Induced Reactions

NNDC and CNPD, Sarov, along with ORNL, have been involved in a project to compile and evaluate alpha-induced nuclear reaction data.

Objective: to derive alpha-nucleus potentials for use in model calculations.

Alpha-Induced ReactionsAlpha-Induced Reactions Compilation of data completed.

Evaluation of data. Calculations using the code Empire [3] for both

potentials and the code NON-SMOKER [4].

Alpha-Induced ReactionsAlpha-Induced Reactions 1st phase of project is nearing completion

[5].

All data will be made available to the community.

Alpha-Induced ReactionsAlpha-Induced Reactions1. L. McFadden and G.R. Satchler, Nucl. Phys.

84,177 (1966).2. E.D. Arthur and P.G. Young, LA-8626 [ENDF-

304], Los Alamos National Laboratory (1980).

3. M. Herman, paper presented at Nuclear Data for Science & Technology, Sep. 26 – Oct. 1, 2004, Santa Fe, NM, USA, to be published.

4. T. Rauscher, F.K. Thielemann, At. Data & Nucl. Data Tables 75, 1 (2000).

Alpha-Induced ReactionsAlpha-Induced Reactions5. Papers presented at Nuclear Data for Science

& Technology, Sep. 26 – Oct. 1, 2004, Santa Fe, NM, USA, to be published.

S.A.Dunaeva et al., paper 459. A.G. Zvenigorodski et al., paper 460.


To explain occurrence of heavy elements

Evolving from existing Fe group: s-process r-process rp-process

Nuclear Data for AstrophysicsNuclear Data for Astrophysicss-process: slow sequence of neutron absorption

(Red giant)

Z,A → Z,A+1 → Z,A+2 ……

↓ β-

Z+1,A+1 → Z+1,A+2 → ……

Knowledge of (n,γ) cross sections 1 to 100 keV.

Nuclear Data for AstrophysicsNuclear Data for Astrophysicsr-process: rapid sequence of neutron absorption

(supernova explosion)?

Z,A → Z,A+1 → Z,A+2 → Z,A+3…… “neutron drip line”↓ β-

rp-process: rapid sequence of proton absorption

Z,A → Z+1,A+1 → Z+2,A+2 → Z+3,A+3…… “proton drip line” ↓ β+


These involve very many nuclear reactions.

Needed from nuclear data community: Basic measured data where possible. Calculations where measurements not

feasible. Evaluations of cross section data.

Who Are We?Who Are We?

Nuclear Reaction Data Centers Coordinated by IAEA NDS.

Cooperate on compilation, exchange, and dissemination of nuclear reaction data.

All data are available on the World Wide Web, free of charge.


Member centers: Provide higher quality service at lower

cost by: avoiding duplication of compilation effort, adopting common formats and procedures, sharing programming resources.

Provide customer services covering wide range of nuclear data.


More than 50 years experience in nuclear data!

1952: BNL Neutron Cross Section Compilation Group

1st edition of BNL-325 published in 1955

1961: Sigma Center founded in U.S. at BNL. SCISRS: 1st computerized database of experimental nuclear

reaction data established in 1964.


1966: “4-Center Network” created.

Coordinated compilation of neutron reaction data on an international scale.

EXFOR adopted as official exchange format of “4-Center” Network.

1975: Charged-Particle and Photonuclear Data Center Network formed.


1979: Nuclear Reaction Data Center Network created. Merger of “4-Center” Network and Charged-

Particle and Photonuclear Data Network.


Currently, 13 members centers.

“Core” centers: provide complete services

NNDC: US National Nuclear Data Center

NDS: IAEA Nuclear Data Section

NEADB: NEA Data Bank.

Who Are We?

CHINA China Nuclear Data Center, China Institute of Atomic

Energy, Beijing

HUNGARY Cyclotron Applications Department, ATOMKI, Debrecen

JAPAN Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai Japan Charged Particle Reaction Data Group, Hokkaido

KOREA Nuclear Data Evaluation Laboratory, Korea Atomic Energy

Research Institute, Taejon


RUSSIA Center for Nuclear Data (CJD), Obninsk Center for Atomic & Nuclear Data, Kurchatov Institute,

Moscow Center for Photonuclear Experiments Data, Moscow State

University Nuclear Physics Data Center Center for Nuclear Physics Data, Russia Federal Nuclear

Center – VNIIEF, Sarov

UKRAINE Ukrainian Nuclear Data Center, SC Institute for Nuclear

Research, Kiev

What Can We Do for You?What Can We Do for You?

Core centers provide easy access to:

Neutron, charged-particle, and photonuclear reaction data.

Nuclear structure and decay data. Both experimental and evaluated.


EXFOR/CSISRSExperimental Nuclear Reaction Data Data for incident projectiles ≤1 GeV.

New: Data for incident projectiles >1 GeV. Fundamental particles reactions.


EXFOR/CSISRS

References linked to abstracts for several journals.

Links to evaluated data.

3 levels of retrieval: Basic, Extended, Expert

Complete set of help file (dictionaries)


EXFOR/CSISRS

Data output: EXFOR or CFOR formats.

Additional output formats will be developed for users as needs arise.

Plots.


ENDF

Evaluated Nuclear Reaction Data

Data output: as ENDF- formatted files, plots:

for multiple libraries; with experimental data; user has some control over format.

6Li(n,t)4He experimental cross section data plotted with ENDF/B-VI curve using ZVView.

10-3 10-2 10-1 1 10

10-1

1

10-1

1

10-3 10-2 10-1 1 10

ENDF/B-VI2000 Guohui Zhang1994 Drosg1985 Goldberg1983 Bartle1981 Engdahl1979 Macklin1978 Lamaze1978 Renner1977 Knitter1976 Gayther1975 Friesenhahn


NUDAT

Nuclear Structure and Decay Data Level properties, Decay modes, Radiations.

Output: Tables Plots.


Bibliographic Database

Nuclear Science References (NSR) Publications in low and intermediate energy nuclear

physics (includes nuclear astrophysics). Data may be retrieved by author, nuclide,

reaction,particle, subject, and other criteria. Links provided to experimental and evaluated nuclear

structure and decay data. Links are provided to abstracts for several journals.

Additional ServicesAdditional Services

National Nuclear Data Center

Nuclear Structure and Decay Data Publication of Nuclear Data Sheets. Nuclear Wallet Cards.

EMPIRE Code maintenance.


Nuclear Energy Agency Data Bank

Computer Program Services Collection and distribution of computer programs

relevant to nuclear applications.

CD-Rom distribution JANIS: evaluated and experimental data

IAEA Nuclear Data SectionFENDL library for fusion applications.

IAEA Photonuclear Data Library.

Reference Input Parameter Library (RIPL) for theoretical calculations of nuclear reaction cross

sections.

Atomic and Molecular Data Evaluation and dissemination of atomic and molecular

data for fusion and other plasma science & technology applications.


Core centersCore centers

US National Nuclear Data CenterBrookhaven National Laboratory http://[email protected]

OECD-NEA Data BankIssy-les-Moulineaux, France http://[email protected]

IAEA Nuclear Data SectionVienna, Austriahttp://[email protected]

US National Nuclear Data CenterUS National Nuclear Data Center

Japanese CentersJapanese Centers

Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Nuclear Data Center, Tokai-murahttp://wwwndc.tokai.jaeri.go.jp/[email protected]

Japan Charged-Particle Nuclear Reaction Data Group Hokkaido University, Sapporohttp://www.jcprg.org/[email protected]

Japan Charged-Particle Reaction GroupJapan Charged-Particle Reaction Group

Nuclear Reaction Data CentersNuclear Reaction Data Centers

Please contact usPlease contact us

andand

let us knowlet us know

what we can do for you!what we can do for you!

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsThank you to: Michael Smith of Oak Ridge National Laboratory for

contributing information on uses of nuclear data in astrophysics.

http://www.phy.ornl.gov/astrophysics/

Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA for supernova clip.

http://legacy.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/snr.html