Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, & ATP

Energy

• Where do plants get their energy from?– The sun• During which process?

– Photosynthesis

• Where do animals get their energy from?– Food

Energy

• Why do we need energy?– To move, run, eat, sleep, metabolize

Cells and energy

• Cells need energy. Why?– To move molecules during transport– Cell division– Move proteins– Move cilia and flagella– TO MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS!!!!

Cells and energy

• What do cells use for energy?– Adenosine Triphosphate (yes you need to know

this word)

ATP

• How is ATP made?– Adenosine + 1

phosphate = AMP

• Adenosine + 2 phosphates = ADP– Adenosine + 3

phosphates = ATP

– Which has the most energy? ATP

ATP

• How does a cell get to the energy in ATP?– The bond between the second and third

phosphate is broken and energy is released

*Can be recycled in the cell!!!

Photosynthesis• The process which plants make glucose and

oxygen from carbon dioxide, water and sunlight.

• Photosynthesis is broken into two stages.

Photosynthesis Materials

• Sunlight is trapped by the pigment chlorophyll in the chloroplast

• Water is taken in by the roots

• Carbon dioxide is taken in by the stomata on the underside of the leaves.

Photosynthesis Products

• Oxygen is breathed out by the plants through the stomata

• Glucose is stored in the plant and only obtained by eating the plant.

1st Stage Photosynthesis

• Light-dependent reactions where light passes through the thykaloid membrane and down the electron transport chain.

• ATP, Oxygen and NADPH are formed during this process.

2nd Stage Photosynthesis

• The second stage of photosynthesis is the light-independent reaction.

• It is called the Calvin Cycle• The Calvin Cycle uses the ATP and NADPH

(from the 1st stage) to produce the sugar glucose.

Photosynthesis• Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast

of plant cells.• Chlorophyll in the chloroplast make the plants

green because they don’t absorb the green light.

Photosynthesis Light

Factors that affect Photosynthesis

• Amount of water• Light intensity• Temperature

Cellular Respiration• The process in which cells turn glucose into

energy for running cellular activities.• Cells need glucose and oxygen and produce

carbon dioxide, water and energy.• Cellular respiration takes place in 2 stages• Cellular respiration equation

1st Stage of Cellular Respiration

• The first stage of occurs in the cells cytoplasm and is conducted by the lysosomes.

• It is an anaerobic process called glycloysis.• 2 ATPs are produced

2nd Stage of Cellular Respiration

• The second stage occurs in the mitochondria. It is in two parts. It is aerobic.

• 1st is the Krebs cycle. For every turn through the cycle 1ATP and 2CO2

• 2nd is the electron transport chain in which 2H2O and ATP

• Total 36 ATPs are produced during the two parts of 2nd stage of respiration

Photosynthesis & Respiration• They complement each other as each ones

products are the materials are needed for the other.

Fermentation

• Fermentation takes place when oxygen is available and energy is needed.

• Two types of fermentation– Alcoholic—energy, alcohol and carbon dioxide are

the products– Lactic Acid—energy and lactic acid are the

products (2 ATPs produced) Occurs in humans when need more energy than oxygen breathed in.

Alcoholic Fermentation• Yeast is used in alcoholic fermentation.

Energy is produced without oxygen.

Lactic Acid Fermentation• Lactic Acid occurs when you exercise

strenuously and are unable to breathe in enough oxygen.

• Lactic acid causes the muscles to hurt.