Plagiarism, Paraphrasing and
Citing Sources
WE REALLY WANT TO HEAR WHAT YOU HAVE TO SAY
REALLY….
Source: www.ospolitics.org
…SO WE ASK YOU TO EDUCATE YOURSELF ABOUT A TOPIC THEN COME UP WITH YOUR OWN OPINIONS, IDEAS
AND SOLUTIONS BASED ON THAT EVIDENCE AND
PRESENT THEM IN AN ORGANIZED FASHION.
THE RESEARCH PAPER/PROJECT
There are universal rules and conventions for putting together your paper/project and they are used by colleges and universities across the country.
• Format of the Paper
• How to use and “cite” your sources
to avoid plagiarism
Style Manuals
WHAT IS PLAGIARISM?
Plagiarism is when a writer fails to give credit to sources of information, or makes it appear as though someone else’s work is his or her own. This failure may arise out of misuse (whether intentional or unintentional) of another person’s words, ideas, arguments, or graphics.
School Handbook
They Walk Among Us
The ReverendThe NPR Reporter
Failing to Give Credit or Plagiarism Comes in Many
Varieties
• Purchasing or copying whole papers
• Resubmitting an old paper
• Copying parts of a paper aka the cut & paste
• Bad Paraphrasing
Source: digispacerecords.com/ plagiarism.jpg
It’s all about PERSONAL INTEGRITY
What does it mean to you?
Integrity without knowledge is weak and useless, and knowledge without integrity is dangerous and dreadful. Samuel Johnson
Source: www.sci-con.org/ reviews/images/Monkey.jpg
According to the University of California, Davis,
• It is wrong to take or use property (an author's work) without giving the owner the value or credit due. Further, copyright violations can result in fines or damages.
• Plagiarism devalues others' original work. Submitting a professional writer's work as yours is taking an unfair advantage over students who do their own work.
• [The Schools] reputation affects the value of your degree; student dishonesty hurts [the schools] standing and can make your diploma worth less.
• If you plagiarize, you are cheating yourself. You don't learn to write out your thoughts in your own words, and you don't get specific feedback geared to your individual needs and skills. Plagiarizing a paper is like sending a friend to practice tennis for you - you'll never score an ace yourself!
• Plagiarism is dishonest because it misrepresents the work of another as your own.
• Plagiarism violates [the School’s] Code of Academic Conduct and can result in Suspension or Dismissal.
Reproduced from Student Judicial Affairs. “Avoiding Plagiarism.”
Bracketed phrases inserted.
OK, YOU KNEW IT WAS COMING……
So when we use someone else’s words, ideas, arguments, or graphics we need to acknowledge that in our paper by proper paraphrasing, quoting and citations.
Except if that information is common knowledge.
SAY THAT AGAIN…
Paraphrase or Indirect Quotation - to express another’s ideas in your own words and properly cite.
Direct Quotation - to copy another’s words exactly, put in quotations and properly cite.
Citation - give credit to or reference a source.
Works Cited
Sum, Henry. Turning Orange. Leland: Big Wave Books, 2005. MY PAPER
Skin pigment may turn color for a variety or reasons. According to Mr. Sum, you will turn orange if you eat too many carrots (33).
In-Text Citation Refers toWorks Cited Page
AKA References/Bibliography
Works Cited
Sum, Henry. Turning Orange. Leland: Big Wave Books, 2005.
Paraphrasing is rewriting someone else’s ideas in your own words and
using an in-text citation like:
According to Mr. Sum, you will turn orange if you eat too many carrots (33).
An expert on the effects of eating of carrots, Mr. Sum, claims students will turn orange when they eat too many (33).
Effect of Carrotsby Henry Sum
In a recent study of tenth graders from Leland, the majority of students who five pound of carrots every day for lunch turned orange after two weeks. 33
Paraphrasing
That deaf, dumb, and blind kid sure plays a mean pinball!
-The Who, "Pinball Wizard“
That acoustically challenged, non-verbal speaking, visually disadvantaged young person, engages in a
positive pinball experience.-Keith and Jason
You try…
• Read and totally understand!• Don’t look at the original if it
helps you.• Write in your own words.• Use a “signal phrase” to cite
(claims, argues, illustrates).
Driving teen egos--and buying--through 'branding' BY KAREN KERSTING
By the time children reach their teens, a developmental stage when they're naturally insecure and searching for a personal identity, they've been taught that material possessions are what matter, Kanner says. Advertisers understand the teen's desire to be "cool," and manipulate it to sell their wares…
10
My Paraphrase
Kersting believes that advertisers capitalize on the fact that teenagers are naturally vulnerable and insecure (10).
Works Cited
Kersting, Karen. “Driving teen egos and buying through branding.” Advertising Age November 2005: 5.
Or, if they say it better…Use Quotations
According to Kersting, teens are “naturally insecure and searching for a personal identity…” (5).
And because teens are “naturally insecure and searching for a personal identity…” (Kersting 5).
Works Cited
Kersting, Karen. “Driving teen egos and buying through branding.” Advertising Age November 2005: 5.
To Avoid Problems
• Always ask your teacher for his or her expectations. Do we cite our sources.
• Organize your research.
• Keep a citation guide on hand.
I found your speech to be good and original. However, the part that was original was not good and the part that was good was not original.
Samuel Johnson (1709-1784)
1. T FA Works Consulted or Works Cited is an alphabetical list of your sources at the end of your paper. It tell the reader where you got your information and enables them to find the information.
2. T FAn in-text citation contains author and page number of the source and refers the reader to a Works Consulted and/or Works Cited list at the end of your paper.
3. T F Handing in a paper that you previously wrote for another class is acceptable.
4. T F"Cut and pasting" parts of a a website into your paper is acceptable as long you don't use the whole site.
5. T FCopying an image like a picture or graph or chart from the internet is acceptable provided it is educational purposes and cited.
6. T F You only have to cite information that you are quoting.
7. T F You have to cite information that is paraphrased.
8. T F To paraphrase you just rearrange the sentences or change a few words in the paragraph.
9.. T F The president of the United States is George Bush is common knowledge.
10 T F Thirty-eight tons of fruit was exported from Leelanau county last year is common knowledge.
Test Yourself
11. Paraphrase the following paragraph in the space provided. You may use quotations, citations or both. Include the in-text citation.
New Scientist, March 2006, page 7 Life on Mars by Jeremy Jackson
Scientists are now one step closer to discovering life on Mars. Recent test results transmitted from probe 11 identified water and oxygen on the planet in previously unmeasurable amounts. It is widely accepted that water and oxygen are needed to support life as we know it. Further testing will continue when the probe makes it's second transmission of data to earth in January. The discovery now fuels the debate that we are probably not alone in the universe. According to scientist, Jon Kiessel, "the chances that life exists or that it existed on Mars are very good now that we know the atmosphere can sustain it. The next year will be devoted to discovering evidence of life." Despite an inhospitable climate, freezing cold temperatures and desert like conditions, scientists expect to find dormant forms of life or even evidence that life that flourished in the past.
12. Use the MLA site to write a citation for the source presented above.The citation will correspond to the in-text citation above and appear in the Works Consulted list.
Works Consulted and Cited
Department of Interdisciplinary Studies. “Guidelines for Dealing with Plagiarism: A guide for understanding, preventing and adjudicating student plagiarism” Wayne State University.
27 April 2005 <http://www.is.wayne.edu/Policies/Plagiarism.htm>.
Goss, Anthony. Lincoln's Own Stories. New York: Fredonia Books, 2001.
Keith and Jason. “Computer Team Help Pages.” Southern Illinois University. 20 April 2005 <http://www.siu.edu/~compcomp/compucomp/Activities/Research/pcpara.htm>.
“Plagiarism: What It Is, Why it’s Wrong, and How to Avoid It.” Chowan College Center for Ethics Chowan College Department of Language & Literature 24 April 2005 <chowancollege.edu>.
Presenter Notes: Slide 7
Ask for examples of each of the four types of plagiarism.
Presenter Notes: Slide 6
Rev. Michael F. Dogali contributes articles to his churches monthly newsletter, Spirituality Today. While researching a quotation that I was using I noticed that, while it was cited in many sources as being from a book written by Kent Nerburn, it curiously was also used in Reverend Dogali’s monthly column. After further examination, I guessed that Kent Nerburn was the original author and that Reverend Dogali plagiarized in his monthly column.
Original correspondence between myself and Ken Nerburn and Ken Nerburn and Reverend Dogali on next slide.
Presenter Notes: Slide 8
How do acts of plagiarism affect students?
Devalues
Dear Paula,
Thanks so much for alerting me to this. I think my sentiments are fairly expressed in the following email I sent to the editor of the site. I wanted you to see, and I'll let you know if I get a response. Please do the same.
Thanks again.
Kent----- Original Message -----From: "kent nerburn" <[email protected]>To: <[email protected]>Sent: Tuesday, December 28, 2004 7:19 PMSubject: Fw: Kent Nerburn web site Contact Me
> Dear Reverend Connolly,>I just received this email from a reader of my website. I'm a bit bothered, and also a bit perplexed. Perplexed, because I know how difficult it is to say something meaningful on a consistent basis, and how human it is to take another's thoughts as your own if you feel them deeply. Bothered, because there is a disingenuousness in such a plagiarism that reflects poorly on both Fr. Dogali and on the priesthood. Fr. Dogali's message cited below is taken almost entirely and very directly from my book, "Letters to My Son." Please feel free to look at a copy yourself in your local Barnes and Noble or Borders if you wish to be certain that I'm not overstating the case. I have no need for great apologies or grand public acts of contrition. I would, however, like to have the piece properly cited and referenced and have readers pointed toward the book. The work contains other thoughts of similar quality, and your readers might find them worthwhile.
Do know that I have a Ph.D. from Graduate Theological Union in Theology and Art, so the thoughts are well-grounded in theological training and hard efforts at spiritual formation. I would be honored if this were an occasion for including some reference to my work in your online magazine. I would recommend that you or some ofyour writers look at Simple Truths, Small Graces, Calm Surrender, and Make Mean Instrument of your Peace. I think you would find them worthwhile inclusions. It would also help me in the difficult task of making a living and the subtler, but more interesting task of continuing my vocation as a "guerilla theologian.''
I leave it to you to decide how to address this with Father Dogali. As for me, I bear no ill will. We all labor in the vineyard as best we can, and we are all fallible. You people are doing God's work, and in that serviceall things that do not harm another can be easily forgiven.
Thank you for hearing me in this regard. I look forward to some response from you or Father Dogali, however minimal.
All my best,
Kent Nerburn
Presenters Notes: Slide 10
Describe each. Be sure to note that all techniques require citations.
Presenter Notes: Slide 11
The in-text Citation refers to the more complete list at the end of the paper. In the MLA style, the citation includes the author and page. The rest of the information is in the Works Cited list at the end of the paper.
Presenter Notes: Slide 12 Point out original document and my paraphrase. Also identify the signal phrase.
Presenter Notes: Slide 15
Ask students to take out a piece of paper and a pencil. Ask students to take a few minutes to read the passage and rewrite in their own words.
Show next slide and review the paraphrases aloud.
Presenter Notes: Slide 16Point out all elements of the citation: in-text citation must have author and page number except when
the author is included in the signal phrase; hanging indentation in works cited.
Presenter Notes: Slide 17Point out elements of a quotation: according to MLA order or punctuation is quotation mark, in-text
citation, and end punctuation. Note the use of signal phrase.
Presenter Notes: Slide 18
Demonstrate on-line research organization. Open up the internet and a word document. Create a older name for research project. Create a file for original sources. Cut & paste a source.
Presenter Notes: Slide 19
Reiterate that original ideas are usually what we want in the end.
Presenter Notes: Slide 20
Pass out the response sheet for this activity.
Name ___________________________________ Points ___________
1. T FA Works Consulted or Works Cited is an alphabetical list of your sources at the end of your paper. It tell the reader where you got your information and enables them to find the information.
2. T FAn in-text citation contains author and page number of the source and refers the reader to a Works Consulted and/or Works Cited list at the end of your paper.
3. T F Handing in a paper that you previously wrote for another class is acceptable.
4. T F"Cut and pasting" parts of a a website into your paper is acceptable as long you don't use the whole site.
5. T FCopying an image like a picture or graph or chart from the internet is acceptable provided it is educational purposes and cited.
6. T F You only have to cite information that you are quoting.
7. T F You have to cite information that is paraphrased.
8. T F To paraphrase you just rearrange the sentences or change a few words in the paragraph.
9.. T F The president of the United States is George Bush is common knowledge.
10 T F Thirty-eight tons of fruit was exported from Leelanau county last year is common knowledge.
Points _________ / 10
11. Paraphrase the following paragraph in the space provided. You may use quotations, citations or both. Include the in-text citation. Points ____ / 5
12. Use the MLA site to write a citation for the source presented above.
The citation will correspond to the in-text citation above and appear in the Works Consulted list. Points _____ / 5
Name ___________________________________
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